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-
-
-
-sendmail address rewriting mini-HOWTO
-
-
-
-----
-
-!!!sendmail address rewriting mini-HOWTO
-
-!!Thomas Roessler, roessler@guug.dev0., 6 May 1998
-
-
-----
-'' This document is a brief description of how to
-set up sendmail's configuration file for the home user's
-dial-up access. ''
-----
-
-
-
-
-!!1. Introduction
-
-
-
-
-!!2. File Roadmap
-
-
-
-
-!!3. Configuring sendmail
-
-
-*3.1 The main configuration file
-
-*3.2 Address rewriting
-
-*3.3 Aliases
-
-
-
-
-
-!!4. Further reading
-----
-
-!!1. Introduction
-
-
-We assume that you have the kind of Internet access
-which seems to be most common at universities and online
-services nowadays: You dial into your provider's network
-using PPP over a serial connection. Your incoming mail is
-spooled at the provider's POP or IMAP server, while
-outgoing messages are to be sent via SMTP. You don't have
-a domain name of your own, so everything has to use
-''one'' address.
-
-
-
-
-
-We assume that you have already installed a fairly
-recent version of Eric Allman's sendmail (version 8.8.8 is
-current at the time of this writing and should work fine).
-
-
-
-
-
-This document is partially referring to specific
-properties of Debian GNU/Linux systems; users of different
-distributions will have to take some care.
-
-
-
-
-
-Make sure you have the following information at hand:
-
-
-
-
-
-*Your ISP's mail server
-*
-
-*Your Internet mail address
-*
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-The configuration we are planning has two main goals:
-
-
-
-
-
-#Sending mail between various local users must be
-possible.
-#
-
-#The outside world must see the local users'
-ISP mail addresses, not the local ones.
-#
-
-
-
-
-
-
-To achieve this, we will make use of sendmail's
-genericstable feature.
-
-
-
-----
-
-!!2. File Roadmap
-
-
-We will put all of sendmail's configuration files in a
-separate directory under soletc:
-soletcsolmail. Usually, sendmail will expect
-these files to reside directly under soletc. To
-avoid problems, soletcsolsendmail.cf should be a
-symbolic link to soletcsolmailsolsendmail.cf.
-
-
-
-
-
-The following files will populate soletcsolmail:
-
-
-*=20
-*
-
-*aliases - contains additional local addresses
-*
-
-*genericsdomain - contains some information on your
-local host's configuration
-*
-
-*genericstable - contains the actual rewriting
-rules.
-*
-
-*sendmail.cf - sendmail's configuration file
-*
-
-*sendmail.mc - the source of sendmail.cf.
-*
-
-
-
-Some of these files will be accompanied by .db files.
-They contain hashed databases for sendmail's direct use.
-
-
-
-
-
-We assume that the cf part of sendmail's source
-tree resides under a directory named
-solusrsollibsolsendmail.cf. This is the case
-on Debian GNU/Linux systems. Other distributions will put
-this stuff at different places. Please refer to your
-distribution's documentation for details.
-
-
-
-----
-
-!!3. Configuring sendmail
-
-!!3.1 The main configuration file
-
-
-
-Sendmail uses a highly complex rule system for it's
-configuration. While you can do lots of neat tricks with
-this stuff, writing a sendmail.cf file from scratch
-is rather unusual and time-consuming. If you are
-interested in doing so, you should stop reading this
-document right now and instead read the "Bat Book" from
-O'Reilly.
-
-
-
-
-
-Instead of hand-crafting these rules, we will rely on
-the m4 macro processor to put together our
-configuration file from ready-made pieces which are
-distributed together with sendmail.
-
-
-
-
-
-Let's look at the first lines of the sendmail.mc file:
-
-
-
-----
-
-include(/usr/lib/sendmail.cf/m4/cf.m4)
-VERSIONID(`sendmail.mc - roessler@guug.de')
-OSTYPE(debian)
-define(`ALIAS_FILE',`/etc/mail/aliases')
-
-----
-
-
-In the beginning, cf.m4 is included. This m4 macro
-file contains lots of macro definitions for the rest of the
-file. Be sure that the path you give
here is correct -
-the one we are representing in our example is typical for
-Debian GNU/Linux. The OSTYPE macro is used to give
-some useful defaults for certain configuration values. If
-you aren't using a Debian system, you should replace the
-word "debian" by "linux" here. ALIAS_FILE tells
-sendmail where to look for the list of aliases.
-
-
-
-
-
-The following lines tell sendmail to use the
-genericstable feature, and where to find the
-configuration files needed to use it:
-----
-
-FEATURE(masquerade_envelope) FEATURE(genericstable, `hash
--o /etc/mail/genericstable')
-GENERICS_DOMAIN_FILE(`/etc/mail/genericsdomain')
-
-----
-The masquerade_envelope feature tells sendmail to
-apply header rewriting to the ''envelope'' sender of a
-message. This is the mail address to which external mail
-delivery subsystems will direct their delivery failure
-reports and warning messages. The generics* files
-will be explained below.
-
-
-
-
-
-Now, we have to define a so-called smart host, that is, a
-machine which will handle outgoing mail for your system.
-Note that this machine may be different from your ISP's
-POP and IMAP servers. If in doubt, contact the hotline.
-The code in the master configuration file:
-----
-
-define(`SMART_HOST',`mail-out.your.provider')
-
-----
-Please replace ''mail-out.your.provider'' by the fully
-qualified hostname of your internet service provider.
-
-
-
-
-
-The final two lines include the "mailer" definitions
-which are needed by sendmail to find out how to handle
-various types of mail:
-----
-
-MAILER(local)
-MAILER(smtp)
-
-----
-
-
-
-
-
-To generate the sendmail.cf file from this
-sendmail.mc, type the following commands (as root):
-----
-
-# m4 sendmail.mc > _sendmail.cf
-# mv -f _sendmail.cf sendmail.cf
-
-----
-Note the technique of writing m4's output to a
-temporary file which is thereafter moved to the proper
-place. This helps us to prevent sendmail from reading
-partially written configuration files.
-
-
-
-
-!!3.2 Address rewriting
-
-
-
-First, we have to tell sendmail what addresses are to
-be considered local (and thus should be subjected to the
-rewriting). This is quite simple: Just put the fully
-qualified host name of your machine into the file
-soletcsolmailsolgenericsdomain. To get your
-host's fully qualified name, type the following command:
-----
-
-$ hostname -f
-
-----
-
-
-
-
-
-Now, let's come to the rewriting table proper:
-soletcsolmailsolgenericstable. This file
-consists of two white-space separated columns. The first
-column contains the local address, the second column
-contains the e-mail address which should be used instead.
-The file may look like this:
-
-
-
-----
-
-harry harryx@your.isp
-maude maudey@her.isp
-root fredx@your.isp
-news fredx@your.isp
-
-----
-
-
-Note that there should be one entry for ''each'' account
-on the local machine, so that automatically generated mail
-which leaks out of the local system carries correct header
-information.
-
-
-
-
-
-For performance reasons, sendmail won't use this text
-file directly, but rely on a "hashed" version instead. To
-generate it, type the following command:
-
-
-
-----
-
-# makemap -r hash genericstable.db < genericstable
-
-----
-
-
-
-
-
-Note that the rewriting rules from the
-genericstable will ''not'' apply to local mail or to
-messages you receive from outside - the mapping is only
-used if a message leaves your local system for your ISP's
-smart host.
-
-
-
-
-!!3.3 Aliases
-
-
-
-The aliases file contains additional local names which
-are only valid for local messages. This is useful for
-administrative accounts like root which receive
-automatically generated messages from your system.
-
-
-
-
-
-A reasonable start for
-soletcsolmailsolaliases could look like the
-following file:
-
-
-
-----
-
-root: fred
-news: root
-postmaster: root
-mail: root
-www: root
-nobody: soldevsolnull
-MAILER-DAEMON: nobody
-
-----
-
-
-This example will forward local mail for the root,
-news, postmaster, mail, and www users
-to fred, while messages for nobody and
-MAILER-DAEMON will be redirected to
-soldevsolnull.
-
-
-
-
-
-Just like the genericstable, aliases may
-contain ''lots'' of entries. Thus, it would once again
-be inefficient for sendmail to use the text file we just
-described. The same mechanism as with genericstable
-is used for aliases: A hashed database is generated.
-Instead of using makemap directly, you can type in
-the command newaliases this time. It will
-automatically take care of all what's needed.
-
-
-
-----
-
-!!4. Further reading
-
-
-The sendmail source distribution includes quite a bit
-of documentation. Read it, especially the file
-cfsolREADME.
-
-
-
-
-
-If you are interested to dive deeper into sendmail's
-configuration options, you want to get the "Bat Book" from
-O'Reilly: Bryan Costales, Eric Allman, and Neil Rickert:
-"sendmail". O'Reilly, 1993
.
-
-
-
-----
+Describe [HowToSendmailAddressRewrite]
here.
