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| Newer page: | version 3 | Last edited on Tuesday, October 26, 2004 4:57:37 pm | by AristotlePagaltzis | |
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@@ -1,2122 +1 @@
-
-
-
-Sat-HOWTO
-
-
-
-----
-
-!!!Sat (Satellite Technology) HOWTO
-
-!!Roberto Arcomano berto@fatamorgana.com, Florindo Santoro flosan@hack-it.netv1.8 - June 2, 2001
-
-
-----
-''Sat technology is starting to become a great resource for Internet users,
-allowing high bandwidth in downloading and many other interesting services.
-This document wants to investigate "State of Art" of Sat connections in Linux
-environment, how to get them speeder and to share with many clients. You can
-found latest version of this document at
-http://www.fatamorgana.com/bertolinux and
-http://www.hack-it.net/How-To/Sat-HOWTO.html.''
-----
-
-
-
-
-!!1. Introduction
-
-
-*1.1 Introduction
-
-*1.2 Copyright
-
-*1.3 Translations
-
-*1.4 Credits
-
-
-
-
-
-!!2. Background Knowledge
-
-
-*2.1 What about satellite
-
-*2.2 How does it work?
-
-*2.3 Other technologies
-
-*2.4 What is the max bandwidth?
-
-*2.5 How much does it cost?
-
-*2.6 What are the satellites used?
-
-*2.7 What ISPs give Sat Internet Access?
-
-*2.8 What else?
-
-
-
-
-
-!!3. Technical Information
-
-
-*3.1 General working
-
-*3.2 Frequencies
-
-*3.3 DVB Receiver Card
-
-*3.4 Data Link Level DVB setting
-
-*3.5 TCP/IP working
-
-*3.6 Authentication
-
-*3.7 Services I can use with a sat connection
-
-
-
-
-
-!!4. Requirements
-
-
-*4.1 Knowledge requirement
-
-*4.2 Hardware
-
-*4.3 Software
-
-*4.4 TV Software
-
-
-
-
-
-!!5. Base setup
-
-
-*5.1 First: mounting
-
-*5.2 Calibrating
-
-*5.3 Double Feed
-
-*5.4 Data-link level adjusting
-
-
-
-
-
-!!6. Configuration under Linux
-
-
-*6.1 Drivers installation
-
-*6.2 Setting up /etc/dvbd.conf
-
-*6.3 Dvbd daemon
-
-*6.4 How to config EON service
-
-*6.5 How to use Netsystem service
-
-*6.6 How to use Sat Node service
-
-*6.7 !OpenSky service under Linux
-
-
-
-
-
-!!7. Configuration under Windows
-
-
-*7.1 EON
-
-*7.2 Netsystem
-
-*7.3 !OpenSky
-
-
-
-
-
-!!8. Appendix A - Notes
-
-
-*8.1 Translation Dynamic IP -> MAC Address
-
-*8.2 TCP Window
-
-*8.3 Download accelerator
-
-
-
-
-
-!!9. Appendix B - Well Known Sat ISP setting value
-
-
-*9.1 !EuropeOnLine
-
-*9.2 Netsystem
-
-*9.3 Sat Node
-
-*9.4 Open Sky
-
-
-
-
-
-!!10. Links
-
-
-*10.1 Open
-
-*10.2 Commercial
-
-----
-
-!!1. Introduction
-
-!!1.1 Introduction
-
-
-
-This document wants to explain something about Satellite technology, how
-it works, what do you need, configuration and how to sharing it between several
-clients. Satellite connections are very different from terrestrial ones, they
-require more attention to setup and also some more care to maintain them stable
-(snow or strong rain could prevent you to have a good signal).
-
-
-Feedback are welcome, don't hesitate to contact us:
-berto@fatamorgana.com and
-flosan@hack-it.net.
-
-!!1.2 Copyright
-
-
-
-Copyright (C) 2000,2001 Roberto Arcomano, Florindo Santoro. This document
-is free; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
-General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
-version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This document
-is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
-
-
-WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
-or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for
-more details. You can get a copy of the GNU GPL
-here
-!!1.3 Translations
-
-
-
-If you want to translate this document you are free, you only have to:
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-#Check that another version of it doesn't already exist at your local LDP
-#
-
-#Maintain all 'Introduction' section (including 'Introduction', 'Copyright',
-'Translations', 'Credits').
-#
-
-
-
-Warning! You don't have to translate TXT or HTML file, you have to modify
-LYX or SGML file, so that it is possible to convert it all other formats (TXT,
-HTML, RIFF, etc.).
-
-
-No need to ask me to translate! You just have to let me know (if you want)
-about your translation.
-
-
-Thank you for your translation!
-
-!!1.4 Credits
-
-
-
-Thanks to
-Fatamorgana Computers for hardware equipment and experimental opportunity.
-
-
-Thanks to
-Linux Documentation Project for publishing and uploading my document in a very quickly fashion.
-
-
-Thanks to Pierre Guiral and Andrei Boros for their help.
-----
-
-!!2. Background Knowledge
-
-!!2.1 What about satellite
-
-
-
-In the last few years satellite began to be applied in Internet networking,
-mainly by medium-big ISPs and we have seen it diffused between users. Sat connections
-are a very different kind of networking than terrestrial ones, with different
-timing such as higher RTT (round trip time), but also with different bandwidth
-value, up to 2 Mbps or more.
-
-!!2.2 How does it work?
-
-
-
-We can imagine a path like this:
-
-
-
-
-|||||| S A T E L L I T E ||||||||
-/ /|\
-Downl / | Uploading
-load / | from
-to /(4) | (3) server
-client / |
-/ |
-!SatCard(parabolic antenna) |
-| |
-\|/ |
-USER PC ----make request-----> SAT-SERVER <---retrieving---> INTERNET
-(1) (2)
-
-
-
-So first we make the request (1) (using our Internet connection) to the
-Sat-Server, after it will retrieve out info from Internet (2) and it will send
-it to Satellite (3); in the end we would receive data from the it (4) to our
-home using a parabolic antenna and a Sat Card.
-
-
-Typically exist 2 kinds of request :
-
-
-
-
-
-*Http
-*
-
-*Ftp
-*
-
-
-
-Both of them have a little request data and a much bigger answer size,
-so satellite works very well with it, but with a big time of answer, this is
-the biggest problem of satellite connection (consider a typical Sat distance,
-like 36.000 km, so you would have a time access of
[[ 36000 km / 300.000
-km/s = .120 s =
] 120 ms you have to add (2 times, cause first ISPs server
-send it to, then you download it from) to classical Internet time access.
-
-
-Recently ISP allows their clients to use also other kind of service, like
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-*Chat
-*
-
-*Email
-*
-
-*News
-*
-
-
-
-and many others.
-
-
-There exist also services called "one-way", which consist in mail service
-, download on-demand (where you make a file reservation to be scheduled at
-some time) and site download: these services are offline, so you can access
-to them without modem (or other kind of) connection.
-
-!!2.3 Other technologies
-
-
-
-We have to report another satellite technology: the 2-way sat connection.
-It uses only the parabolic antenna to contact Internet in both 2 directions.
-Its cost is much higher that 1-way connection. We expect something from it
-for immediate future, for now it allows a bandwidth of 4 Mbit/s in download
-and 256Kbit/s in upload.
-
-!!2.4 What is the max bandwidth?
-
-
-
-It depends on many factors: ISP purpose, TCP window used, applications
-used by the client and the more important of all, "Internet congestion".
-
-
-You can expect a max bandwidth of 1-4 Mbps and a average of about 10-30
-KBytes/s, but I repeat, it depends on many factors.
-
-
-Anyway some ISPs tell you they give you a "Max" bandwidth, while the average
-bandwidth could be very lower, due to intra-ISP congestion.
-
-
-Some other ISPs guarantees you to have a "Minimal" bandwidth, which is more
-meaningful than "MAX", cause it is available all the time.
-
-
-Please see Appendix A for more about get downloading performance better.
-
-!!2.5 How much does it cost?
-
-
-
-We have to distinguish between hardware costs and account costs, the first
-are known, while the second depend on which service you choose ("guaranteed"/"not
-guaranteed", what bandwidth).
-
-!Hardware costs
-
-
-To install our little satellite system we need:
-
-
-
-
-
-#Sat card
-#
-
-#Parabolic antenna
-#
-
-#one or more feed (converter)
-#
-
-
-
-Noticed that we need a digital converter to use Internet via satellite.
-
-
-Sat card costs depends on brand you choose, about 200US$-300US$.
-
-
-Parabolic antenna is about 50 US$.
-
-
-Converter is about 50US$.
-
-
-So we have about 3-400 US$ of hardware cost (maybe you still have
-to add installation cost!!).
-
-
-If you want also receiver Crypt service:
-
-
-
-
-
-#CI is about 100 US$.
-#
-
-#CAM is about 100 US$-250 US$.
-#
-
-
-!Account costs
-
-
-Here costs depend on what ISPs give you access, what's peak bandwidth,
-if there is a guaranteed bandwidth (which is more important than peak one),
-what kind of service they give you and so on.
-
-
-Also some ISP gives you free access in change of viewing an always foreground
-spot banner (you cannot iconize it!!): in this case you will pay when you'll
-go to buy something showed in banner!!
-
-
-Typically account costs are about 100-150 US$ at year for "not guaranteed"
-services and 4-600 US$ or more for guaranteed ones (they guarantee you
-a minimal bandwidth you can use also under congestion moments, obviously intra
-Sat-ISP congestion!! When you go out to Internet nobody can guarantee you anything!!).
-
-!!2.6 What are the satellites used?
-
-
-
-When we speak about satellites we mean: Astra (19.2 degree SE), Hotbird
-(13.2 degree SE), new Europestar (45 degree SE), Eutelsat (8 degree SW), Astra
-(26E), !ArabSat 3A (26E).
-
-!!2.7 What ISPs give Sat Internet Access?
-
-
-
-In Europe we know about 8 ISPs giving Sat access for Internet:
-
-
-
-
-
-#
-!EuropeOnLine - EON
-#
-
-#
-Netsystem
-#
-
-#
-Starspeeder
-#
-
-#
-Sat Node
-#
-
-#
-Eliosat
-#
-
-#
-Falcon Stream
-#
-
-#
-SkyDSL
-#
-
-#
-!OpenSky
-#
-
-#
-DirecPC but this use a proprietary sat card (this is a first Sat ISP )
-#
-
-#
-http://www.xanticbroadband.com/
-#
-
-
-
-EON gives access for about 150 US$ at year without guaranteed bandwidth.
-
-
-Netsystem offers its services at "null cost", you just have to see its banner.
-
-
-
-
-
-Starspeeder gives access ???
-
-
-Eliosat costs 350 US$ at year with a 128 Kbps guaranteed (minimal
-service, see web site for more);in addition it gives 2-way technology access
-for either receive and transmit.
-
-
-SkyDSL gives access full-time and it costs about 15 US$ at month
-with 128Kbit/s bandwidth, but it allows a bigger bandwidth where you pay each
-Mb downloaded (you can select from 256Kbit/s up to 4Mbit/s), for more you can
-visit its web site.
-
-
-IMPORTANT : before subscribing some satellite account, please verify "foot
-of Satellite" and diameter of parabola.
-
-
-!OpenSky started before summer 2001 in its "beta test": it allows you to try
-the sat service downloading at maximum 300 MB at month (free). To register
-you need to go at
-!OpenSky registration procedure (which is in italian language!).
-
-!!2.8 What else?
-
-
-
-With every kind of DVB card you can also receive TV digital channels (free
-channels only) and some cards have support for common interface to watch encrypted
-channel.
-
-
-Follows the schema:
-
-
-
-
-Smart-Card -> CAM -> Common Interface -> Sat Card (with support C.I.)
-
-
-
-CAM Card (there are many standards used for decryption: SECA, IRDETO, VIACCESS
-and others) is the hardware allowing decryption (for TV, Radio and Data) while
-the Common Interface or C.I. (ETSI EN 50221) allow connection between CAM and
-Sat Card.
-----
-
-!!3. Technical Information
-
-!!3.1 General working
-
-
-
-We now try to understand how satellite connection works and at what conditions.
-
-
-We can imagine a satellite link as a classical Wireless link, I mean a
-link between 2 systems which don't use a real cable to talk each other.
-
-
-Wireless link is very different from Wired link cause we have some additional
-problems to solve, such as reachability, privacy problems and so on. Also there
-could be weather problems, particularly in snow or rain conditions.
-
-
-Anyway, we have to consider the first principle behind Wireless communication:
-line of sight free, which is a MUST unless we are unable to talk. For more
-you can see the
-Wireless-HOWTO.
-
-
-In sat connections we use a special kind of antenna, a parabolic one, that
-gives us a very high gain in RX, needed to receive satellite signal: in fact
-satellite has a geostational orbital at 36.000 km and the only kind of antenna
-we can use for receiving is just a parabolic one.
-
-!!3.2 Frequencies
-
-
-
-Frequency we receive is from 11GHz up to 12.7 GHz (from the satellite transponder,
-the transmitter sending us datas), a very high freq., but the feed (converter
-in the center of the parabola) converts it to, in output, 1-2 GHz so that we'll
-able to send signal to the receiver through the cable (up to 40m depending
-to cable loss).
-
-!!3.3 DVB Receiver Card
-
-
-
-
-
-1 GHz Signal --> |RX|--> |ADC| --> |Low Level Network| --> |O.S. TCP/IP Stack|--> Data
-|____________________________________|
-DVB Card
-
-
-
-Now we can imagine a classical RX at 1 GHz receiving analog signals from
-the Sat, converting it to digital signals and giving all to the low level network
-layer (ISO OSI 1,2):
here, card firmware builds a 2 level packet (pretty like
-ethernet) to be sent to our PC with Linux, Windows, or other system, and in
-the end, we will only have to transform it to a TCP/IP packet.
-
-!!3.4 Data Link Level DVB setting
-
-
-
-Here we have to config some settings, directly to the DVB card:
-
-
-
-
-
-#Frequency working, we have to set the satellite frequency (as from magazines):
-it is between 11.8 GHz and 12.8 GHz for example 12640000 KHz
-#
-
-#Symbol rate, measured in symbols per seconds, typically 22 MS/s (Mega Symbols
-per seconds)
-#
-
-#Polarization, which is an antenna setting configurable in software: possible
-values are H (Horizontal) or V (Vertical).
-#
-
-#PIDs. The PID is used for select a trasmission between many signal from
-same frequency.
-#
-
-#Also we have to specify the bitfilter mask, which tells us how large is
-the destination MAC addresses group (bitfilter mask is similar to TCP/IP netmask,
-the only difference is that the bitfilter mask is 48 bit size while TCP/IP
-netmask is 32 bit size). Always Internet data is sent with Unicast PID, while
-Video always is sent using Multicast PID .
-#
-
-#Calculate MAC address: here we specify what will be our MAC address (for
-our DVB card). You need to do this cause some ISP uses an algorithm (see Appendix
-A for more) which calculates your MAC address from your IP address, some other
-ISP uses your own MAC address.
-#
-
-
-!!3.5 TCP/IP working
-
-
-
-As we said in 2.2 section, first we have to make a request using the modem
-interface (i.e. ppp0 or whatever we use to reach Internet), then the answer
-will return to our DVB interface (dvb0).
-
-
-Modern O.S. allow us to receive packets from an input interface, different
-from the output interface from where we made the request: to do it we have
-to "disable" some packets flow control, such as type an
-
-
-echo "" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/dvb0/rp_filter (for Linux).
-
-!!3.6 Authentication
-
-
-
-It remains only one thing to complete our description: authentication method.
-
-
-Some Sat ISPs use the so called "Proxy Authentication": when you used their
-proxy, you also need to give login and password to continue the request (you
-should have been subscribed some kind of account to use their sat service):
-once done, the ISP use your IP address to calculate your MAC address (see Appendix
-A for more), to which send the answer.
-
-
-Some other ISPs require you make a VPN connection (using your login and
-password) first, then they will control your registration account (where they
-retrieve your MAC address) and will send data directly to (and only to) your
-card (your MAC address).
-
-
-Anyway noticed that you can modify your dvb sat filter value to be able
-to receive packets destined to EVERY mac address (related to a single frequency).
-
-!!3.7 Services I can use with a sat connection
-
-
-
-Typically services you can have from sat connections depend on what authentication
-system is used by ISP:
-
-
-
-
-
-*with classical "Proxy Authentication" you can only use HTTP and FTP service,
-while
-*
-
-*with VPN connection you have (ideally) no limit to services you can use,
-the only limit is decided by RTT (time access) to satellite, about 500-1000
-ms average: so you can forget to use "Voice" or other "Real Time" services!! (see
-VoIP-HOWTO for more). Anyway you still can use: mail, chat, telnet, ping, dns and so
-on.
-*
-
-----
-
-!!4. Requirements
-
-
-Here we will see what we need to try a Sat system.
-
-!!4.1 Knowledge requirement
-
-
-
-For this trying you need some experience in internetworking under Linux
-(as from
-Net-HOWTO) and a very little of practical experience with parabolic antenna
-and sat systems (you should be able to pointing out your antenna, with right
-angles).
-
-!!4.2 Hardware
-
-
-
-We need:
-
-
-
-
-
-#Parabolic antenna, also taken from an analog system.
-#
-
-#Digital converter to be placed in the middle of the antenna.
-#
-
-#Receiver card DVB compatible.
-#
-
-#a PC to connect to.
-#
-
-
-!!4.3 Software
-
-
-
-Here you need a
-
-
-
-
-
-#driver for the DVB card working under your O.S. (Linux, Windows or other).
-#
-
-#right setting to use it
-#
-
-#external application in some cases (such as VPN-PPTP client for ISP like
-Netsystem or Starspeeder).
-#
-
-
-
-For the software under Linux you can found the Siemens DVB driver at
-Linux TV Project.
-
-!!4.4 TV Software
-
-
-
-There is also some Video software used to implement TV reception:
-
-!Under Windows
-
-
-
-
-
-#!MultiDec
-!MultiDec 6.6b (free with source code)
-#
-
-#TPREdit
-TPREdit (for Technotrend)
-#
-
-#WinTV DVBs
-Hauppauge or
-Technotrend(for Siemens compatible card, Hauppauge, Technotrend, Technisat,
-etc... )
-#
-
-#WinDVB2000
-WinDVB2000 (about 19$).
-#
-
-
-!Under Linux
-
-
-
-
-
-#gVideo is an application included in Siemens driver
-#
-
-#Vdr Video Recoder (good for watch TV)
-#
-
-----
-
-!!5. Base setup
-
-!!5.1 First: mounting
-
-
-
-The first thing we have to do is to mount our parabolic antenna;
-
-
-After we need to pointing it out (searching right degrees from some magazine):
-degrees are always intended from south to east or to west for horizontal one
-and from ground to satellite line for vertical one. Classical pointing tools
-is the compass.
-
-!!5.2 Calibrating
-
-
-
-How can we see if we are right oriented?
-
-
-After decided a right range of angles, we have to adjust it measuring power
-level. For such a thing we can
-
-
-
-
-
-#Use for example an analog receiver (which is compatible with digital converter)
-and start to search right degree: when we see some imagine we'll get it. I
-suggest to use analog converter cause, maybe, you have one (from precedent
-installation) and cause it is more simple to calibrate it than digital one.
-#
-
-#Use a power meter (about 20US$) with sequential lights: at full
-signal all lights turn up.
-#
-
-
-!!5.3 Double Feed
-
-
-
-You can also install a double feed system (some vendors sell a complete
-kit with standard distance to receive, for example, Astra (19.2 SE) with Eutelsat
-(16 SE) or with !HotBird (13 SE).
-
-
-For mounting it you have to consider, in addition, that satellite is at
-the opposite side of the converter, like in figure:
-
-
-
-
-SAT1 SAT2
-\ /
-\ /
-\ C1 C2 /
-\ \ \ / / /
-\ \ / \ / /
-\____\ /___\ /_____/
-Top View
-C1 receives from SAT2
-C2 receives from SAT1
-
-
-
-Also, with 2 focus, you would use a diseq.
-
-!!5.4 Data-link level adjusting
-
-
-
-Once we got analog signal we have to adjust our receiver to right frequency,
-PID, speed rate and so on.
-
-
-I report here an example of configuration, for EON (!EuropeOnLine), transponder
-114 on Astra satellite (19.2 SE)
-
-
-Frequency: 12640 MHz
-
-
-Polarization: V (Vertical)
-
-
-Symbol Rate: 22000 KS/s
-
-
-PIDs:
-
-
-
-
-
-*Unicast: 512 (decimal), 0x200 (hexadecimal)
-*
-
-*Multicast: 785, 786, 1041 (decimal), 0x311, 0x312, 0x411 (hexadecimal),
-but you should notice that, in many cases, Multicast PIDs are taken in automatic.
-*
-
-
-
-We also need another info: what MAC address to assign to our DVB card.
-
-
-
-
-
-Again, for EON you can see Appendix A to calculate MAC address from dynamic
-IP address.
-
-
-Obviously you need login and password to use ISP service.
-----
-
-!!6. Configuration under Linux
-
-
-In this section I will assume to use a Siemens compatible card, like an
-Hauppage WinTV DVB card, for such cards you can download drivers from
-LinuxTV or
-DVB-s PCI cards under Linux.
-
-!!6.1 Drivers installation
-
-
-
-Once downloaded drivers, you have to untar them to a directory, enter it
-and type "make" and "make insmod". To do this you need to have actual kernel sources
-under /usr/src/linux (unless, download them from
-http://www.kernel.org and recompile them).
-
-
-After made "make insmod", your system should have DVB modules loaded. To
-unload them type simply "make rmmod".
-
-!!6.2 Setting up /etc/dvbd.conf
-
-
-
-/etc/dvbd.conf file is used to setup data-link parameters for your DVB
-card. Here main settings:
-
-
-
-
-
-*"power", which indicates the power to LNB, 1=ON, =OFF. Usually you should
-set it to 1, unless you do some kind of cascade between more than 1 LNB.
-*
-
-*"symbolrate", this is the symbol rate per seconds, for example 22.000.000.
-*
-
-*"frequency", at which receiving datas, like 12.640.000.
-*
-
-*"ttk", the 22 kHz signal, almost always to 1.
-*
-
-*"diseqc", used to control the diseq, (it means only when you have a diseq
-controlling 2 or more converters) 0 if none.
-*
-
-*"AFC", usually set to 1.
-*
-
-*"polarization", 1 for horizontal or 0 for vertical one.
-*
-
-*"filter_n <PID> <MAC> <BITFILTER>", where n is intended
-0 for Unicast and 1-9 for Multicast; PID is expressed in decimal form, MAC
-is the MAC address only valid for Multicast filter and BITFILTER is a number
-which bits represent bytes to mask (for example 10 = 2 (bit 1) + 8 (bit 3),
-so mask will be 00 00 FF 00 FF 00).
-*
-
-
-
-
-
-Example
-
-
-
-------------------------------------------
-
-
-# DVB receiver configuration file, (c) 2000 data planet international
-
-
-# standard location in /etc
-
-
-# LNB power on=1/off=
-
-
-power 1
-
-
-# symbol rate [[symbol/sec]
-
-
-symbolrate 22000000
-
-
-# ASTRA TR 114
-
-
-frequency 12640000
-
-
-# 22 kHz signal on=1/off=
-
-
-ttk 1
-
-
-# diseqc on=1/off=
-
-
-diseqc
-
-
-# AFC on=1/off=
-
-
-AFC 1
-
-
-# polarisation H=1/V=
-
-
-polarisation 1
-
-
-# settings for MPE filter, PID and MAC filtering, valid MAC bytes
-
-
-filter_0 512
-
-
-filter_1 785 00:D0:5C:1E:96:01 48
-
-
-filter_2 786 00:D0:5C:1E:96:01 48
-
-
-filter_3 1041 00:D0:5C:1E:96:01 48
-
-
------------------------------------------
-
-
-filter_0 has no MAC and no bitfilter values cause the right MAC address
-is calculated from IP address (see Appendix A). We will see this setting is
-OK only for some ISP, for others we'll have to change dvbd.c
-
-!!6.3 Dvbd daemon
-
-
-
-Once your /etc/dvbd.conf is ok, you can launch dvbd application, which,
-if executed without -d option, write to stdout signal quality level:
-
-
-
-
-
-*Sync MUST be 127 or near it
-*
-
-*Vber MUST be
-*
-
-
-
-unless you are not well receiving from Sat (check cable and/or dish pointing).
-
-
-Note:
-
-
-Maybe you have to change, in dvbd.h this line
-
-
-#define network_device "eth0"
-
-
-to
-
-
-#define network_device "ppp0"
-
-
-depending on which interface you use to reach Internet, eth0 or ppp0: type
-"make" to update binary file and restart dvbd.
-
-!!6.4 How to config EON service
-
-
-
-Now you have a good signal, you can try to use some sat service.
-
-
-For EON go at "proxy" setting in Netscape preferences and set under HTTP
-and FTP:
-
-
-proxy.xxx.europeonline.net
-
-
-and, in "port" 8080 and FTP proxy with "port" 8090.
-
-
-where xxx is the transponder number (103,113,114 or 115) you are using
-(see Appendix B for more).
-
-
-Now you should be able to navigate wherever you want.... Good navigation.
-
-
-To share EON service with many clients you can use
-Squid proxy application, enabling
-cascade to EON proxy.
-
-
-For a more complex use of EON, like more complex cascade proxy or sharing
-users, see
-EON Linux Masquering FAQ Page
-!!6.5 How to use Netsystem service
-
-
-
-Netsystem service is a little more complicated than EON under Linux, cause,
-in addition, you need to setup:
-
-
-
-
-
-#VPN connection
-#
-
-#patch for pppd (needed only if using pppd <= 2.4.)
-#
-
-#routing settings with simple scripts
-#
-
-#patch for dvbd.c
-#
-
-#Test it
-#
-
-#Get performance better
-#
-
-#Sharing Netsystem with many clients
-#
-
-
-!VPN connection
-
-
-First you need to download
-VPN PPTP client application.
-
-
-After untared, compiled and installed it, you should add an entry to your
-/etc/ppp/pap-secrets and /etc/ppp/chap-secrets files, like that:
-
-
-"login" * "password" *
-
-
-where "login" and "password" are the same according to
-Netsystem registration.
-
-!Patch for pppd
-
-
-As described at
-PPTP description, you need to patch your pppd daemon to support connection
-with Netsystem VPN server (Linux server).
-
-
-Warning: using pppd version >= 2.4.0 you don't need pppd patch.
-
-
-So you have to:
-
-
-
-
-
-#download a
-recent pppd version
-#
-
-#download and gunzip the correspondent patch for pppd from
-Here
-#
-
-#untar pppd in a directory
-#
-
-#type "patch -p0 < patch_name"
-#
-
-#enter pppd directory
-#
-
-#type "make", "make install"
-#
-
-
-!Routing settings
-
-
-Now your pppd will be able to working with:
-
-
-"pptp vpn.netsystem.com debug user <login>"
-
-
-where <login> is your login account from Netsystem: you should see,
-in log file (/var/log/messages) ppp1 connection debug info.
-
-
-If all is ok you should see ppp1 interface with "ifconfig" command.
-
-
-If you still have problems on authentication, please add a "noauth" line
-to your /etc/ppp/options file.
-
-
-Once ppp1 interface is up, you should do the following:
-
-
-
-
-
-#type "ifconfig ppp1" and find the IP address (I will call IP) on the right
-of "P-t-P:" string.
-#
-
-#delete it from routing table with "route del IP"
-#
-
-#add it to ppp0 interface with "route add IP dev ppp0"
-#
-
-#delete default gateway from ppp0 with "route del default"
-#
-
-#add default gateway to ppp1 with "route add default dev ppp1"
-#
-
-
-
-Points 1-3 are requested cause point-to-point interface are managed, under
-Linux, adding the gateway to the new interface (which is not a good idea in
-this case): unless it you will have a endless loop, cause your packet will
-be continuously encapsulated on itself.
-
-
-Points 4,5 are used to make "all internet requests" to ppp1 interface, so
-we'll reach the "world" by using VPN connection: this could be not optimal in
-some condition, for example for DNS queries, which could be sent directly to
-avoid useless Sat delay time.
-
-
-Instead of manually setup routing configuration you can try using these
-little scripts:
-
-
-"netsystem.on" script
-
-
-______________________________________________________________________
-
-
-
-
-
-route add IP_DNS1 dev ppp0
-
-
-route add IP_DNS2 dev ppp0
-
-
-route add -net 212.31.242.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 dev ppp0
-
-
-pptp vpn.netsystem.com user <login>
-
-
-/bin/sleep 5
-
-
-route add default dev ppp1
-
-
-______________________________________________________________________
-
-
-
-
-
-"netsystem.off" script
-
-
-______________________________________________________________________
-
-
-
-
-
-route del IP_DNS1 dev ppp0
-
-
-route del IP_DNS2 dev ppp0
-
-
-route del -net 212.31.242.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 dev ppp0
-
-
-kill -9 `ps x|grep "pppd"|grep "<login>"|grep
--v "ps"|tr " " "\n"|head -n 2`
-
-
-rm --force /var/lock/LCK..tty*
-
-
-rm --force /var/run/pptp/*
-
-
-rm --force /var/run/ppp1.pid
-
-
-killall -9 pptp
-
-
-______________________________________________________________________
-
-
-
-
-
-IP_DNS1 and IP_DNS2 are ip addresses of your dns servers (primary and secondary).
-
-
-
-
-
-<login> is the login name of your Netsystem account.
-
-
-I tried it out under kernel 2.4.6 !RedHat 7.1 and it works very well (without
-any problems about ppp1 endless loop or similar).
-
-
-This line:
-
-
-kill -9 `ps x|grep "pppd"|grep "<login>"|grep
--v "ps"|tr " " "\n"|head -n 2`
-
-
-is used to find PID of pppd process talking with VPN server (ppp1 interface):
-notice that you cannot just only type " killall pppd" cause your
-ppp0 interface also would go down.
-
-!Patch for dvbd.c
-
-
-After solved problems about PPTP you have to change some line in dvbd.c,
-near the end of it:
-
-
-
-
-if (strcmp (v, "filter_") == ) { if (s != NULL) { unsigned char ip[[4];
-dvbcfg[[].status = ON ;
-dvbcfg[[].filter.data[[] = 0x3eff ;
-dvbcfg[[].filter.pid = (__u16) atoi (s) ;
-dvbcfg[[].filter.mode = 0x0c ;
-if (ipget (ip, network_device)) { fprintf(stderr,"Can't get local ip address. Stop.\n") ; return -1 ; }
-syslog (LOG_NOTICE, "Local ip is %u:%u:%u:%u\n", ip[[], ip[[1], ip[[2], ip[[3]);
-dvbcfg[[].filter.data[[1] = (ip[[3] << 8) | 0x00ff ;
-dvbcfg[[].filter.data[[2] = (ip[[2] << 8) | 0x00ff ;
-dvbcfg[[].filter.data[[6] = (ip[[1] << 8) | 0x00ff ;
-dvbcfg[[].filter.data[[7] = (ip[[] << 8) | 0x00ff ;
-dvbcfg[[].filter.data[[8] = (0x02 << 8) | 0x00ff ;
-dvbcfg[[].filter.data[[9] = (0x00 << 8) | 0x00ff ;
-setmac (ip) ; }
-else { dvbcfg[[1].status = OFF ; } }
-
-
-
-
-
-Now following lines:
-
-
-
-dvbcfg[[].filter.data[[1] = (ip[[3] <<
-8) | 0x00ff ;
-
-
-dvbcfg[[].filter.data[[2] = (ip[[2] <<
-8) | 0x00ff ;
-
-
-dvbcfg[[].filter.data[[6] = (ip[[1] <<
-8) | 0x00ff ;
-
-
-dvbcfg[[].filter.data[[7] = (ip[[] <<
-8) | 0x00ff ;
-
-
-dvbcfg[[].filter.data[[8] = (0x02 << 8) | 0x00ff
-;
-
-
-dvbcfg[[].filter.data[[9] = (0x00 << 8) | 0x00ff
-;
-
-
-
-
-will be changed to
-
-
-
-dvbcfg[[].filter.data[[1] = (MAC[[5] <<
-8) | 0x00ff ;
-
-
-dvbcfg[[].filter.data[[2] = (MAC[[4] <<
-8) | 0x00ff;
-
-
-dvbcfg[[].filter.data[[6] = (MAC[[3] <<
-8) | 0x00ff ;
-
-
-dvbcfg[[].filter.data[[7] = (MAC[[2] <<
-8) | 0x00ff ;
-
-
-dvbcfg[[].filter.data[[8] = (MAC[[1] <<
-8) | 0x00ff ;
-
-
-dvbcfg[[].filter.data[[9] = (MAC[[] <<
-8) | 0x00ff ;
-
-
-Where MAC[[]:MAC[[1]:MAC[[2]:MAC[[3]:MAC[[4]:MAC[[5]
-is our MAC address (according to Netsystem registration).
-
-
-For example, using the address 00:d0:d0:d0:d0:d0 we'll have:
-
-
-dvbcfg[[].filter.data[[1] = (0xd0 << 8) | 0x00ff
-;
-
-
-dvbcfg[[].filter.data[[2] = (0xd0 << 8) | 0x00ff;
-
-
-
-
-
-dvbcfg[[].filter.data[[6] = (0xd0 << 8) | 0x00ff
-;
-
-
-dvbcfg[[].filter.data[[7] = (0xd0 << 8) | 0x00ff
-;
-
-
-dvbcfg[[].filter.data[[8] = (0xd0 << 8) | 0x00ff
-;
-
-
-dvbcfg[[].filter.data[[9] = (0x00 << 8) | 0x00ff
-;
-
-
-notice hexadecimal notation 0x??
-
-
-After, you have to type "make" and use the new dvbd created.
-
-
-Note: to successfully patch the dvbd.c you need to use dvb driver version
->= .8.2, cause older versions have some instability problems.
-
-!Test it
-
-
-Finally, we can test Netsystem under Linux. We can make a "ping www.somehostpingable.com"
-and check the response time: it should be between 400 and 2000 ms.
-
-
-If you still have problems, you should control if all is OK with VPN interface:
-
-
-
-
-
-#open your preferred network sniffer (for example
-Ethereal) and starts to analyze
-"ppp0" interface (ppp0, not ppp1!!)
-#
-
-#make a ping
-#
-
-
-
-If VPN is ok you should see 2 (or maybe 1) GRE-Encapsulated packets each
-second, endless. If you cannot view anything your VPN is not correctly working:
-stop it and restart it.
-
-!Get performance better
-
-
-Once you setup all things you NEED to use (particularly with Netsystem
-service) some "download accelerator" to get performance better: please see Appendix
-A for more.
-
-!Sharing Netsystem with many clients
-
-
-To do this you can enable "IP Masquering", allowing your client to use VPN
-like a normal Internet interface; main problem is that our satellite connection
-is very good for download while it has bad performance for just browsing web
-pages (or other service more interactive than downloading).
-
-
-You can think to use
-Squid proxy or
-Socks proxy, but you don't solve your problems, cause even
-now ALL your request would be forwarded to same interface, VPN.
-
-
-The solution is to use 2 routing tables, one using direct line interface
-and the other using VPN one. So you can do like this:
-
-
-
-
-
-#be sure of have installed "iproute2" commands (for example type "ip" on shell
-and control if it tells you something), for more see
-Linux 2.4 Advanced Routing HOWTO.
-#
-
-#be sure of have started Netsystem service and annotate ppp1 interface IP
-address, we'll call it LOCALIP.
-#
-
-#type: "echo "210 sat" >> /etc/iproute2/rt_tables", to more comfortable
-call "sat" rule 210
-#
-
-#type: "ip rule add from LOCALIP table sat", to create table "sat" relative
-to all requests coming from LOCALIP IP address.
-#
-
-#type: "ip route add default dev ppp1 table sat", to send all "sat" requests
-(see above) to ppp1 interface.
-#
-
-#if you use
-Socks proxy be sure to set, in sockd.conf file, "external" to LOCALIP.
-#
-
-#if you use
-Squid proxy be sure to set, in squid.conf file, "tcp_outgoing_address" to
-LOCALIP.
-#
-
-
-
-Once done all that, you will notice to have 2 kind of working: without
-any proxy your clients will ask to direct line, while by using proxy (squid
-or sockd) the request will be forwarded to VPN interface and, definitely, toward
-satellite.
-
-
-Notice that maybe you wish to use sockd instead of squid, cause satellite
-requests are typically used for download (while squid is typically used for
-browsing...).
-
-
-What happens with iproute2 commands is that, when you ask for an address
-to sockd or squid, relative proxy (using IPLOCAL IP address, bound at run-time
-by proxy network daemon) request enters the TCP/IP stack where kernel will
-forward it (thanks to point 4 above) to sat table and, definitely (by using
-point 5) to ppp1 interface. All other rules will be forwarded to classical
-default route (I mean across ppp0 interface or whatever other interface for
-direct Internet).
-
-!!6.6 How to use Sat Node service
-
-
-
-You have to follow all instructions as for Netsystem.
-
-
-Before enabling VPN connection, you need to type:
-
-
-
-
-
-*''route del default'', we delete default route
-*
-
-*''route add 212.56.224.36 dev ppp0'', we tell it that it has to reach the
-vpn server just through ppp0
-*
-
-*''pptp 212.56.224.36 user user-name'', we create VPN
-*
-
-*''route add default dev ppp1'', we tell it that it must use this route
-to reach every place.
-*
-
-
-
-What really changes from Netsystem is that, we don't force VPN gateway
-(212.56.224.34, IP on the right of ''P-t-P'' in ppp1 interface) on ppp0 interface,
-but we force another IP (212.56.224.36). All other things should not change.
-
-
-Thanks to Ricardo Santiago Mozos and Norberto Garcia Prieto.
-
-!!6.7 !OpenSky service under Linux
-
-
-
-
-
-
-#You need to register at
-Opensky Registration site. You'll receive a confirming email with login
-and password in few days.
-#
-
-#After you have to go to
-https://sdr.eutelsat.net and enter login and password data to connect.
-#
-
-#Set the proxy: ''proxy.eutelsat.net:8080''.
-#
-
-
-
-It is strongly suggested to use downloader applications (see Appendix A
-for more) to get performance better.
-
-
-!OpenSky is the latest satellite service and it offers 300 MB at month (for
-free).
-
-
-Configuration is pretty like EON service, you have to use .8.2 siemens
-drivers you download from
-LinuxTV, then you NEED to patch dvbd applications.
-
-
-To apply the patch and to test !OpenSky you can find useful infos at:
-
-
-
-
-
-*
-http://members.tripod.com/andrei_b/linux/dvbd/dvb-app-dvbd.htm
-*
-
-*
-http://pguiral.free.fr/DVBS/opensky.html.
-*
-
-----
-
-!!7. Configuration under Windows
-
-!!7.1 EON
-
-
-
-Hauppage WinTV has DVB-DATA application that allows to specify data-link
-settings.
-
-!!7.2 Netsystem
-
-
-
-First you need to install VPN capabilities.
-
-
-In addition you need to download Netsystem software (always foreground
-spot banner) and launch it: after you should not be able to use Netsystem service:
-you can download it from
-here
-!!7.3 !OpenSky
-
-
-
-See Linux.
-----
-
-!!8. Appendix A - Notes
-
-!!8.1 Translation Dynamic IP -> MAC Address
-
-
-
-The translation used by some ISPs to calculate MAC address (which need
-to have your DVB card to receive their packets) is:
-
-
-00 : 01 : IP[[] : IP[[1] : IP[[2] : IP[[3]
-
-
-where
-
-
-IP[[].IP[[1].IP[[2].IP[[3] is your
-dynamic IP address.
-
-
-This feature is used, for example, by EON.
-
-!!8.2 TCP Window
-
-
-
-Satellite connections are an interesting example of very high RTT (round
-trip time, access time): another example is the Mars - Earth communication
-or also the Moon - Earth one.
-
-
-These connections have a very bad feature: very low interactively.
-
-
-Typical network (or digital, generally) connections use the so called transmission
-"window", which represents the data buffer can be sent before waiting for an
-answer. In TCP/IP protocol stack this is the TCP Window.
-
-
-
-
-----------------------
-| - - - - - - - > can continue |-|-|-|---->
-| ----------------------
-| Buffer sendable before confirm
-|
-| - - - - - - - <----------------------
-Confirmation Answering
-
-
-
-Now, if our communication has an high access time and if we had a little
-TCP Window we would lose very much time only waiting for the data confirmation
-(ACK), so the real bandwidth would decrease (for example if you have a 16KB
-TCP window, typical of Windows systems and a RTT of 400 ms, you cannot overcome
-16KB/.4 = 40 KB/s)
-
-
-Solution is to use a very high TCP Window (such as 256 KB or some MB).
-
-
-Unfortunately, under many systems, is not so simple to have a great TCP
-Window, so, in latest years, it starts to appear new applications ("download
-accelerators" described in next section) that split in many pieces a file and
-download all them in the main time: this is just equivalent to download only
-one file with a single piece size, avoiding the RTT problem.
-
-!!8.3 Download accelerator
-
-
-
-We report here some useful link to so called "download accelerator" which
-is an application that does 2 things:
-
-
-
-
-
-#resuming session management, it allows stopping downloading and restarting
-later (this can be done thanks to "resuming feature" introduced in Http and Ftp
-server, which allows you to specify at what byte number start to download).
-#
-
-#splitting, divide the file in many pieces and let them start in a multithreaded
-fashion.
-#
-
-
-
-As we saw in the previous section, a download accelerator allows us to
-increase satellite bandwidth.
-
-!Under Linux
-
-
-
-
-
-*
-Aria
-*
-
-
-!Under Windows
-
-
-
-
-
-*
-!FlashGet
-*
-
-*
-!GetRight
-*
-
-*
-Mass Downloader
-*
-
-----
-
-!!9. Appendix B - Well Known Sat ISP setting value
-
-!!9.1 !EuropeOnLine
-
-
-
-EON sends data from Astra satellite (19.2 SE).
-
-
-MAC address is calculated from IP address (see Appendix A).
-
-
-It uses "Proxy Authentication".
-
-
-Follows the 4 transponder setting:
-
-!Transponder 113
-
-
-
-
-
-*Frequency: 12633.250 MHz,
-*
-
-*SRate : 22 MS/s
-*
-
-*Polarization: Horizontal
-*
-
-*Unicast PID: 512 (decimal)
-*
-
-
-!Transponder 114
-
-
-
-
-
-*Frequency: 12640 MHz,
-*
-
-*SRate : 22 MS/s
-*
-
-*Polarization: Vertical
-*
-
-*Unicast PID: 512 (decimal)
-*
-
-
-!Transponder 115
-
-
-
-
-
-*Frequency: 12662.750 MHz,
-*
-
-*SRate : 22 MS/s
-*
-
-*Polarization: Horizontal
-*
-
-*Unicast PID: 512 (decimal)
-*
-
-
-!Transponder 103
-
-
-
-
-
-*Frequency: 12461 MHz,
-*
-
-*SRate : 27.5 MS/s
-*
-
-*Polarization: Horizontal
-*
-
-*Unicast PID: 512 (decimal)
-*
-
-
-!!9.2 Netsystem
-
-
-
-Netsystem uses Astra satellite (19.2 SE) to send data .
-
-
-MAC address used is your real MAC address DVB card.
-
-
-It uses VPN connection.
-
-
-Follows data setting:
-
-!Transponder 119
-
-
-
-
-
-*Frequency: 12721 MHz
-*
-
-*SRate: 22MS/s
-*
-
-*Polarization: Horizontal
-*
-
-*Unicast PID: 451 (decimal)
-*
-
-
-!!9.3 Sat Node
-
-
-
-Sat Node uses Astra satellite (19.2 SE).
-
-
-
-
-
-*Frequency: 12603.750 MHz
-*
-
-*SRate: 22MS/s
-*
-
-*Polarization: Horizontal
-*
-
-*Unicast PID: 302
-*
-
-
-!!9.4 Open Sky
-
-
-
-Open sky uses Eutelsat satellite (7 SE).
-
-
-
-
-
-*Frequency: 11262 MHz
-*
-
-*SRate: 27.5MS/s
-*
-
-*Polarization: Horizontal
-*
-
-*Unicast PID: 3003
-*
-
-----
-
-!!10. Links
-
-!!10.1 Open
-
-
-
-
-http://www.linuxtv.org
-
-
-http://www.fatamorgana.com/bertolinux
-http://www.hack-it.net/How-To/Sat-HOWTO.html
-!!10.2 Commercial
-
-
-
-
-!EuropeOnLine - EON
-
-
-Netsystem
-
-
-Starspeeder
-
-
-Sat Node
-
-
-Eliosat
-
-
-Falcon Stream
-
-
-SkyDSL
-
-
-!OpenSky
-
-
-DirecPC
-
-
-http://www.xanticbroadband
.com/
-
-
-----
+Describe
[HowToSatHOWTO
] here.
