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| Newer page: | version 3 | Last edited on Sunday, November 28, 2004 1:05:26 am | by AristotlePagaltzis | |
| Older page: | version 2 | Last edited on Friday, June 7, 2002 1:07:27 am | by perry | Revert |
@@ -1,903 +1 @@
-SLIP/PPP Emulator mini-HOWTO
-!!!SLIP/PPP Emulator mini-HOWTO
-!Irish
-
-irish@eskimo.com
-
-
-
-__Glen Reesor - __ Converted document from HTML to !DocBook v4.1 (SGML)
-
-
-
-
-2001-02-21
-
-
-__Revision History__Revision 3.121 February 2001Revised by: GCRRevision 3.07 August 1997Revised by: Irish
-
-
-
-
-
- This document will describe how to get your Linux box to connect
-to a generic site via a SLIP/PPP emulator, such as SLiRP or TIA. I take no
-responsibility for your use of this information, but corrections are
-welcome.
-
-
-
-
- I will not attempt to describe all that can be done over this
-connection once established, but I will refer you to other documents or
-sites that will contain the relevant information.
-
-
-
-
- That done, let's do it!
-
-
-
-
-
-
-----; __Table of Contents__; 1. Introduction: ; 1.1. Copyright Information; 1.2. Disclaimer; 1.3. New Versions; 1.4. Feedback; 2. How Does an Emulator Work?: ; 2.1. What is TIA?; 2.2. What is SLiRP?; 2.3. What about Term?; 2.4. What about real SLIP/PPP?; 3. Prerequisites; 4. Preparing your Linux Machine: ; 4.1. Compiling your Kernel; 4.2. Edit some files in /etc; 4.3. DIP; 4.4. PPP; 5. Now What?: ; 5.1. Mail; 5.2. News; 5.3. Mosaic/Netscape; 6. Miscellaneous: ; 6.1. References----
-!!!1. Introduction
-
- I am Irish, `irish@eskimo.comb, available for comment on
-Linux almost everyday, when I'm not petting my cat or hugging my kid.
-
-
-
-
- This HOWTO is available in the following places:
-
-
-
-
-
-*
-
- http://www.linuxdoc.org
-
-
-
-*
-*
-
- ftp://ftp.eskimo.com/u/i/irish
-
-
-
-*
-*
-
- ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/mini/SLIP-PPP-Emulator
-
-
-
-*
-
-
-----
-!!1.1. Copyright Information
-
- This document is copyrighted (c) 2001 Irish and is
-distributed under the terms of the Linux Documentation Project
-(LDP) license, stated below.
-
-
-
-
- Unless otherwise stated, Linux HOWTO documents are
-copyrighted by their respective authors. Linux HOWTO documents may
-be reproduced and distributed in whole or in part, in any medium
-physical or electronic, as long as this copyright notice is
-retained on all copies. Commercial redistribution is allowed and
-encouraged; however, the author would like to be notified of any
-such distributions.
-
-
-
-
- All translations, derivative works, or aggregate works
-incorporating any Linux HOWTO documents must be covered under this
-copyright notice. That is, you may not produce a derivative work
-from a HOWTO and impose additional restrictions on its
-distribution. Exceptions to these rules may be granted under
-certain conditions; please contact the Linux HOWTO coordinator at
-the address given below.
-
-
-
-
- In short, we wish to promote dissemination of this
-information through as many channels as possible. However, we do
-wish to retain copyright on the HOWTO documents, and would like to
-be notified of any plans to redistribute the HOWTOs.
-
-
-
-
- If you have any questions, please contact
-`irish@eskimo.comb
-
-
-----
-!!1.2. Disclaimer
-
- No liability for the contents of this documents can be accepted.
-Use the concepts, examples and other content at your own risk.
-As this is a new edition of this document, there may be errors
-and inaccuracies, that may of course be damaging to your system.
-Proceed with caution, and although this is highly unlikely,
-the author(s) do not take any responsibility for that.
-
-
-
-
- All copyrights are held by their by their respective owners, unless
-specifically noted otherwise. Use of a term in this document
-should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark
-or service mark.
-
-
-
-
- Naming of particular products or brands should not be seen
-as endorsements.
-
-
-
-
- You are strongly recommended to take a backup of your system
-before major installation and backups at regular intervals.
-
-
-----
-!!1.3. New Versions
-
- The latest version number of this document can be found at:
-
-
-
-
-
-*
-
- http://www.linuxdoc.org
-
-
-
-*
-*
-
- ftp://ftp.eskimo.com/u/i/irish
-
-
-
-*
-*
-
- ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/mini/SLIP-PPP-Emulator
-
-
-
-*
-
-
-----
-!!1.4. Feedback
-
- Feedback is most certainly welcome for this document. Without
-your submissions and input, this document wouldn't exist. Please
-send your additions, comments and criticisms to the following
-email address : `irish@eskimo.comb.
-
-
-----
-!!!2. How Does an Emulator Work?
-
- It is important to understand how a SLIP/PPP emulator works in
-general, to be aware of its limitations. First, you do not need to install
-the emulator on your machine. It runs on your remote host only. What you
-need on your machine is the TCP/IP and SLIP or PPP protocols installed in
-your kernel (more on that in a bit), and some clients.
-
-
-
-
- Here's what happens: you send network requests from your machine
-to your remote host over the SLIP/PPP link. The emulator grabs them and
-sends them out to the Net at large. Then, incoming data is sent back from
-the Net to your account on the remote host, where the emulator grabs it
-and sends it back over the SLIP/PPP link to your machine. So, to the Net
-it appears as if you are working out of your account on the remote host,
-but to you it looks like you are really connected right to the Net.
-
-
-
-
- As you can see, this can confuse stuff that is incoming from the
-Net. For example, talk doesn't work via an emulator, because the incoming
-talk request tries to start the remote hosts talk daemon, not yours.
-
-
-
-
- The other big difference between an emulator and real SLIP/PPP is
-you are NOT assigned your own IP address; remember, you are only
-converting a dialup account to a SLIP/PPP connection.
-
-
-----
-!!2.1. What is TIA?
-
- The Intenet Adaptor
-was written by the fine folks at marketplace.com. They have
-quit working on it now, and consider it a 'mature' product. The last
-version is 2.05; if you are going to use TIA, please get this version.
-
-
-__Note: __ At last report, marketplace.com have gone out of business.
-
-
-
-
-
-----
-!!2.2. What is SLiRP?
-
- This is a freeware application, covered under the GNU Public
-License. It is out of beta, and is real stable. It sports a few more
-features than TIA, and is (reportedly) easier on host resources.
-Available at fine Linux FTP sites everywhere.
-
-
-----
-!!2.3. What about Term?
-
- If you don't have root access to your machine for one reason or
-another, and you can't persuade someone who does to install SLIP and dip,
-then you won't have much choice except to use Term. If you want to know
-more about Term, please read the HOWTO on Sunsite.
-
-
-----
-!!2.4. What about real SLIP/PPP?
-
- Hey, a lot of places are offering real SLIP/PPP at reasonable
-prices for non-dedicated dialup nowadays. If you can afford it, or feel
-the need, go for it. The Real Thing is always better than emulation.
-However, one of the things an emulator provides is security; it acts as
-an impregnable firewall, and with it you are pretty much as bulletproof
-as your provider is. You'll pay for it though, emulation is slower, and
-does not fully support every protocol. Still and all, emulation is good
-enough for most people, and is a fine way to connect to the Net.
-
-
-----
-!!!3. Prerequisites
-
- Enough already! How do I set it up?
-
-
-
-
- Alright hotrod, we're getting there, but first there's some info
-you need to get, and a couple of explanations.
-
-
-
-
- First, you need to get the IP address of your provider, if you don't
-have it already. You can do this by typing 'who' at a shell prompt there,
-or reading their /etc/hosts, or even just asking
-them. While your getting
-that, get the IP address of the POP/SMTP host and the NNTP server (if you
-don't know what those are, trust me and ask for them anyway, you'll need
-'em).
-
-
-
-
- Next, let me explain quickly about hostnames and domain names.
-The hostname is the first part of a machines name, the domain is the rest
-of it. Like this: hostname.domain.name (a four parter would be
-hostname.do.main.name). Together, they make a Fully Qualified Domain
-Name (FQDN).
-
-
-
-
- The name of your Linux machine is stored in
-/etc/HOSTNAME, and
-yes, you can change it. In fact, please do (if you're using Slackware,
-it'll be "darkstar.frop.org" by default). Just edit the
-/etc/HOSTNAME
-file to be whatever you want - remember, if you are using an emulator,
-you are essentially invisible to the Net at large, so you can be
-creative. However, if you plan to get a real SLIP/PPP connection down the
-road sometime, you'll probably want to conform to being a sub-host of
-your provider. For example, if your provider is "info.superhiway.com",
-the domain is "superhiway.com" and the hostname is "info". So you could
-either be "offramp.info.superhiway.com" or just "offramp.superhiway.com".
-Either would work, and in either case your hostname is "offramp".
-
-
-----
-!!!4. Preparing your Linux Machine
-
- In a nutshell,
here's what's required. I'll explain the first three
-in detail.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-*
-
- Compile your kernel to include SLIP and TCP/IP
-
-
-
-*
-*
-
- Edit some files in /etc
-
-
-
-*
-*
-
- Install and configure dip
-
-
-
-*
-*
-
- Install pppd (optional, for PPP only)
-
-
-
-*
-
- You will also need to get an emulator binary appropriate for your
-remote host and install it. SLiRP is available at
-Sunsite
-and other
-fine Linux FTP sites. All of the relevant info for TIA is available at
-TIAs home site.
-
-
-
-
- That's it! Let's get started.
-
-
-----
-!!4.1. Compiling your Kernel
-
- If you have never done this, you should. And you should read the
-FAQ first, but don't worry, it's easy. If you want, you can e-mail me and
-I'll help.
-
-
-
-
- I'll assume that you have here, for the sake of brevity. When you
-'make config', look for "Network Devices". Say 'y', of course, then say
-'y' to SLIP, CSLIP, (or PPP) and TCP/IP and 'n' to everything else, unless
-you have ethercards or need some other protocol for something else.
-''If
-you don't do this, it won't work! ''Finish compiling and
-installing
-the new kernel, then,
-
-
-----
-!!4.2. Edit some files in /etc
-
- These files will set up your routes to your remote host.
-/etc is
-the directory for system configurations. Replace everything in double
-quotes with the appropriate values, naturally (but don't include the
-quotes - they are there for reference). There are three files you need to
-edit, they are:
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-*
-
- /etc/hosts
-
-#The next line is required to be EXACTLY as below.
-127...1 localhost
-#Note at the end of the next two entries the hostname is repeated.
-#This abbreviation is an alias, and is required for the first entry.
-#If you're on a LAN, you'll need to substitute your IP address for
-#the first one below.
-192..2.1 "yourhostname.domain.name yourhostname"
-"XXX.XXX.XX.XX" "remotehostname.domain.name remotehostname"
-
-
-
-
-*
-*
-
- /etc/host.conf
-
-order hosts, bind
-multi on
-
-
-
-
-*
-*
-
- /etc/resolv.conf
-
-domain "yourdomain.name"
-#The next line usually uses the same remote IP address that's in /etc/hosts
-nameserver "XXX.XXX.XX.XX"
-
-
-
-
-*
-*
-
- To use an NNTPserver, put this line in your
-/etc/profile
-
-export NNTPSERVER="remote.hosts.nntpservername"
-
-
-
-
-*
-
-
-----
-!!4.3. DIP
-
- DIP (Dialup Internet Protocol) is what you will use to dial up the
-remote host, start the emulator, and convert the line to SLIP/PPP. It
-comes in the "N" set of Slackware, along with a bunch of clients and
-utilities, some of which you may want to install also =). It is also
-available at
-Sunsite
-in an individual tar file
-
-
-
-
- Once you have it installed, you will need to have a dip script,
-Here's a sample, just plug in the appropriate stuff where the double
-quotes are (but don't include the quotes, they are there for reference).
-
-
-
-main:
-get $local "yourhostname.domain.name"
-get $remote "remotehostname.domain.name"
-#Your port here
-port cua"?"
-#Use 115200 for 28.8 modems
-speed 57400
-reset
-#don't use spaces in your AT command string!
-init AT "string of commands"
-wait OK 5
-# This will redial. If it doesn't work, play with the wait time (listen
-# to your modem). If it still doesn't work, mail me.
-# ''See also; the note at the bottom of the script re: error codes.''
-dial:
-dial "phonenumber"
-print Dialing...
-if $errlvl != 0 goto error
-#You may need to change this wait time to suit your modem
-wait BUSY 20
-if $errlvl == 0 goto dial
-login:
-print Connected and Logging in...
-#This wait and send gets me past my hosts Annex. ''Change for your site!''
-wait ==b 60
-send 4\n
-wait ogin: 60
-if $errlvl != 0 goto login_error1
-send "LOGIN"\n
-wait assword: 60
-if $errlvl != 0 goto login_error2
-send "PASSWORD"\n
-loggedin:
-wait "SYSTEM PROMPT" 60
-if $errlvl != 0 goto shell_error
-print Logged in!
-send "emulator startup command"\n
-wait "emulator startup response" 60
-if $errlvl != 0 goto emu_error
-#The recommended mtu setting is 1500, but this is faster interactively.
-#Ftp may be slower, so adjust to taste.
-get $mtu 296
-default
-done:
-print CONNECTED to $remote with address $rmtip
-mode CSLIP
-goto exit
-error:
-print Dialing Error
-login_error1:
-print No Login
-login_error2:
-print No Password prompt
-shell_error:
-print No shell prompt
-emu_error:
-There was a problem starting the emulator
-exit:
-#This will error out when the -v flag is used, but work when run normally
-#(ends dip at a local prompt).
-\r
-----
-!4.3.1. DIP Notes
-
- Newer versions of dip don't return modem status codes (BUSY, NO
-CONNECT, etc.), they use numbers instead. Here's a table:
-
-
-
-
-
-*
-
- 0 = OK
-
-
-
-*
-*
-
- 1 = CONNECT
-
-
-
-*
-*
-
- 2 = ERROR
-
-
-
-*
-*
-
- 3 = BUSY
-
-
-
-*
-*
-
- 4 = NO CARRIER
-
-
-
-*
-
-
-
-
- This would make your dial section look like this:
-
-dial:
-dial "phonenumber"
-print Dialing...
-if $errlvl != 0 goto error
-wait 1 20
-if $errlvl != 1 goto dial
-
-
-
-
-
- Thanks to Lee Olds `lee@eskimo.comb for that bit.
-
-
-
-
- \n = newline, \r = carriage return. You may require one or
-the other (or both) in the appropriate places. If the ones provided don't
-work, experiment.
-
-
-
-
- A word about the form of the wait and sends. If it isn't clear by
-the example, here's what's happening:
-
-
-
-
-; wait ogin: 60:
-
- The script will wait for the remote to send 'ogin:' for 60
-seconds. When it gets it, the script advances. If it doesn't get
-it, it will advance after the timeout of 60 seconds.
-
-
-; if $errlvl != 0 goto login_error:
-
- (This whole line is optional.)
-If the script is advancing because it got what it was waiting for,
-this gets skipped. if the script is advancing because it timed out,
-it will go to where you tell it to ('login_error1' in this case.
-
-
-; send "LOGIN"\n:
-
- DIP will send 'LOGIN' and a newline
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- You can put in sleep statements if you need to, like this:
-"sleep 10" This will make the script pause for 10 seconds.
-
-
-
-
- After editing this file, rename it, say, remote.dip and put it in
-/root. Then, as root, run
-'dip remote'. Use the -v flag the first
-time to debug it ('dip -v remote'), this will show you all the steps
-dip takes.
-
-
-
-
- Dip will only run as root, but there is a way to make it run from
-a user account. For now, if you need this info, ask. I may include it in
-this file later if enough people want it.
-
-
-
-
- If dip errors out right away, try removing the comments from the
-script.
-
-
-----
-!!4.4. PPP
-
- The above gets you rolling with CSLIP, which is really fine
-most of the time. It truly is easy to get working, since the protocol is
-supported at the kernel level - just make sure it's in there and it
-works.
-
-
-
-
- However, some of you will want PPP, for what reasons, only you can
-say. I'm not going to tell you how to set it up here, there's a whole
-other HOWTO written just for that. What I will do is tell you what the
-gotchas are when using PPP with an emulator.
-
-
-
-
- First, the latest version of DIP says you can use it to start PPP,
-and you can, BUT it only starts the PPP daemon - no flags, nothing. So if
-you want to use DIP to start PPP, be sure to put all of your startup info
-in the /etc/ppp/options file, or it won't work.
-
-
-
-
- Speaking of the options file, one of the things that MUST be in
-there no matter how you start pppd is this: '192..2.1:XXX.XXX.XX.XX'.
-What this is is 'localIPaddress:remoteIPaddress'. You need it there
-because normally pppd can fill in the blank itself, but fails when
-connecting to an emulator.
-
-
-
-
- Be sure to get the latest and greatest pppd package. It seems
-there were a few versions recently that had a bit of trouble.
-
-
-
-
- Lastly, unless you have a good reason to use PPP, or just want to
-learn how it works, you really don't need it. I have tried them both, and
-didn't notice any performance difference with the standard set of
-clients. Of course, Your Mileage May Vary. :)
-
-
-----
-!!!5. Now What?
-
- Hey, if all went well, you are now connected to the Net! Try a
-'telnet remotehostname' (remember that abbreviation in your hosts file?).
-You should get the remotes telnet login prompt. Go on, try it! You can now
-telnet/FTP/etc. anywhere on the Net from your local machine. How? Your
-machine is using the remote as a nameserver to resolve addresses
-(resolv.conf). Experiment, find out what works and
-what doesn't.
-
-
-
-
- You will not be able to use services that are not provided
-already on your remote host! For example, if your server doesn't allow
-telnets, chances are you can't do it either. Why? Because the emulator is
-only re-directing what is already available.
-
-
-----
-!!5.1. Mail
-
- The obvious text based solution is Pine, you can get it from
-The University of Washington .
-
-
-
-
- My pick for 'Best Mail Reader, X Based' has to go to XFmail. This
-has now gotten out of beta, and rocks. Easy to install; requires no local
-mail system be installed (but will work with local spools) because it has
-POP built in - no more popclient/fetchpop! Easy to use; totally
-customizable
-from the GUI. Also supports MIME. Get it from
-The XFmail Homesite.
-
-
-----
-!!5.2. News
-
- The text based News Reader
-SLRN is fairly simple to
-install and use. It is a true NNTP newsreader, which means
-''no local news transport is required'' to make it work
-(you don't have install
-Cnews or INN). It does require that you have access to an NNTPserver,
-naturally, but most ISPs have this. It is text based, but has
-color and mouse support, and runs fine in an rxvt window.
-
-
-
-
- The X based News Reader
-KNews is
-almost perfect. As with SLRN above, no local transport is required, but
-an NNTP server is. It's at least worth a look.
-
-
-----
-!!5.3. Mosaic/Netscape
-
- Obviously, you will need to have X running for this to work, but
-it's a simple matter of FTPing the binary, unpacking it,
-and installing it.
-
-
-----
-!!!6. Miscellaneous
-
- If I've left anything out, or you still have questions, I read my
-mail daily. This information gets updated fairly regularly, so keep
-checking
-back every so often (I'll change the version numbers). Naturally, the more
-you contribute, the more info will be included here, so don't hesitate to
-tell me about whatever you have to offer.
-
-
-
-
- If you would like some help, or are having trouble with your
-setup, I'll help
-''but you must send me the following info:''
-
-
-
-
-
-#
-
- A copy of your three /etc files.
-
-
-
-#
-#
-
- A copy of your script output, run with the -v flag
-(''please'' remove your password from this!)
-
-
-
-#
-
-
-
-
- Even if you don't have anything to contribute, but used this info
-sucsessfully, ''please mail me''. I want to know how
-useful this really is.
-
-
-----
-!!6.1. References
-
- Sunsite is the FTP site
-sunsite.unc.edu, a
-veritable plethora of everything Linux, including almost every FAQ, HOWTO,
-and README written.
-
-
-
-
- Marketplace.com is the home
-of TIA, the only place it is available.
-
-__Note: __ Marketplace.com appears to be out of business.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- I am Irish, `irish@eskimo.comb, available for comment on
-Linux almost everyday, when
-I'm not petting my cat or hugging my kid.
-
-
-
-
-
-This HOWTO is available in the following places:
-
-
-
-
-
-*
-
- http://www.linuxdoc.org
-
-
-
-*
-*
-
-
-ftp://ftp.eskimo.com/u/i/irish
-
-
-
-*
-*
-
- ftp://sunsite.unc
.edu/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/mini/SLIP-PPP-Emulator
-
-
-
-*
+Describe [HowToSLIPPPPEmulator]
here.
