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-
-
-
-Process Monitor HOW-TO for Linux
-
-
-
-----
-
-!!!Process Monitor HOW-TO for Linux
-
-!!Al Dev (Alavoor Vasudevan)
-alavoor
[[AT
]yahoo.comv11.3, 12 Feb 2002
-
-
-----
-''This document describes how to monitor Linux/Unix processes and to re-start them automatically
-if they die without any manual intervention. This document also has URLs for "Unix Processes" FAQs.''
-----
-
-
-
-
-!!1. Linux or Unix Processes
-
-
-
-
-!!2. Unix/Linux command - procautostart
-
-
-
-
-!!3. File procautostart.cpp
-
-
-
-
-!!4. File debug.cpp
-
-
-
-
-!!5. File debug.h
-
-
-
-
-!!6. Makefile
-
-
-
-
-!!7. Testing the program - monitor_test
-
-
-
-
-!!8. Other Monitoring Tools
-
-
-*8.1 Unix init command
-
-*8.2 !OpenSource Monitoring Tools
-
-*8.3 Monitoring Tool - "daemontools"
-
-*8.4 Commercial Monitoring Tools
-
-
-
-
-
-!!9. Related URLs
-
-
-
-
-!!10. Other Formats of this Document
-
-
-*10.1 Acrobat PDF format
-
-*10.2 Convert Linuxdoc to Docbook format
-
-*10.3 Convert to MS !WinHelp format
-
-*10.4 Reading various formats
-
-
-
-
-
-!!11. Copyright Notice
-----
-
-!!1. Linux or Unix Processes
-
-
-__(The latest version of this document is
-at
-http://www.milkywaygalaxy.freeservers.com. You may
-want to check there for changes).__
-
-
-Processes are the "heart" of the Linux/Unix processes. It is very important to monitor the
-application processes to ensure 100% availability and reliability of the computer system.
-For example, processes of databases, web-server etc.. need to be up and running 24 hours a
-day and 365 days a year.
-Use the tools described in this document to the monitor important application processes.
-
-
-See also the following related topics on Linux/Unix processes.
-
-
-* Unix Programming FAQ - Chapter 1 Unix Processes
-http://www.erlenstar.demon.co.uk/unix/faq_toc.html
-
-
-
-
-*
-
-* Other FAQs on Unix are at
-http://www.erlenstar.demon.co.uk/unix/
-
-
-
-
-*
-
-----
-
-!!2. Unix/Linux command - procautostart
-
-
-Use the program __procautostart__ (say "Prok-Auto-Start" or Process !AutoStart) to
-monitor and automatically re-start
-any Unix/Linux process if they die. This tiny program is very powerful and is
-comparable to big commercial products which __costs about $80,000US__.
-Procautostart can be used for controlling following applications:
-
-
-* For real-time control of process industries like chemical, manufacturing, power
-generation and others. Use ''nano-seconds'' in program to get fine control.
-*
-
-* For controlling processes of software applications like Web servers, database servers,
-mission critical unix processes, etc..
-*
-
-* As an alarm system for any general monitoring software system. The program can
-fire a pager or call cell phone or flash red lights on the computer screen. For calling a phone
-line you may need to use a Telephone card on PCI slot of the computer.
-*
-
-
-
-The program listing is given in following sections in this document.
-
-
-__procautostart __ __-n __ ''< delay_seconds >'' __-c __ "''< command_line >''" nohup &
-
-
-This starts the unix process __procautostart__ and also __command_line__
-process. The __procautostart__ process will re-start __command_line__
-process if it dies. The ''-n'' option is the time delay in seconds before __procautostart__
-checks the running process started by __command_line__. It is advisable to start the procautostart as
-background process with no-hangup using "nohup &". See 'man nohup'.
-
-
-The procautostart is written in "C" so that it is very fast and efficient, since the program is called
-every ''n'' seconds. Amount of resources consumed by procautostart is __very minute__
-and is negligible since the program size is small and is highly optimized with -o3 compiler option.
-
-
-For example -
-----
-
-procautostart -n 12 -c "monitor_test -d $HOME -a dummy_arg " nohup &
-
-----
-Here __procautostart__ will be checking the process monitor_test __every__ 12 seconds.
-
-
-The program will output log files in 'mon' sub-directory which has datetime stamp of when the
-processes died and re-started. These files gives info on how often the processes are dying.
-
-
-You can also use micro-seconds option '-m' or nano-seconds option '-o', edit the source code file
-__procautostart.cpp__ and uncomment appropriate lines.
-----
-
-!!3. File procautostart.cpp
-
-
-Download the latest version of the program
-from
-http://www.milkywaygalaxy.freeservers.com, go
here
-and click on 'Source code for Process Monitor HOWTO'.
-----
-
-!!4. File debug.cpp
-
-
-// From your browser save this file as __text-file__ named as 'debug.cpp'.
-
-
-
-----
-
-#ifdef DEBUG_PRT
-#include "debug.h"
-// Variable value[[] can be char, string, int, unsigned long, float, etc...
-void local_dbg(char name[[], char value[[], char fname[[], int lineno, bool logfile) {
-printf("\nDebug %s Line: %d %s is = %s\n", fname, lineno, name, value ); }
-void local_dbg(char name[[], int value, char fname[[], int lineno, bool logfile) {
-printf("\nDebug %s Line: %d %s is = %d\n", fname, lineno, name, value ); }
-void local_dbg(char name[[], unsigned int value, char fname[[], int lineno, bool logfile) {
-printf("\nDebug %s Line: %d %s is = %d\n", fname, lineno, name, value ); }
-void local_dbg(char name[[], long value, char fname[[], int lineno, bool logfile) {
-printf("\nDebug %s Line: %d %s is = %ld\n", fname, lineno, name, value ); }
-void local_dbg(char name[[], unsigned long value, char fname[[], int lineno, bool logfile) {
-printf("\nDebug %s Line: %d %s is = %ld\n", fname, lineno, name, value ); }
-void local_dbg(char name[[], short value, char fname[[], int lineno, bool logfile) {
-printf("\nDebug %s Line: %d %s is = %d\n", fname, lineno, name, value ); }
-void local_dbg(char name[[], unsigned short value, char fname[[], int lineno, bool logfile) {
-printf("\nDebug %s Line: %d %s is = %d\n", fname, lineno, name, value ); }
-void local_dbg(char name[[], float value, char fname[[], int lineno, bool logfile) {
-printf("\nDebug %s Line: %d %s is = %f\n", fname, lineno, name, value ); }
-void local_dbg(char name[[], double value, char fname[[], int lineno, bool logfile) {
-printf("\nDebug %s Line: %d %s is = %f\n", fname, lineno, name, value ); }
-// You add many more here - value can be a class, ENUM, datetime, etc...
-#endif // DEBUG_PRT
-
-----
-----
-
-!!5. File debug.h
-
-
-// From your browser save this file as __text-file__ named as 'debug.h'.
-
-
-
-----
-
-#ifdef DEBUG_PRT
-#include <stdio.h>
-//#include <strings.h>
-//#include <assert.h> // assert() macro which is also used for debugging
-// Debugging code
-// Use debug2_ to output result to a log file
-#define debug_(NM, VL) (void) ( local_dbg(NM, VL, __FILE__, __LINE__) )
-#define debug2_(NM, VL, LOG_FILE) (void) ( local_dbg(NM, VL, __FILE__, __LINE__, LOG_FILE) )
-void local_dbg(char name[[], char value[[], char fname[[], int lineno, bool logfile= false);
-void local_dbg(char name[[], int value, char fname[[], int lineno, bool logfile= false);
-void local_dbg(char name[[], unsigned long value, char fname[[], int lineno, bool logfile= false);
-void local_dbg(char name[[], float value, char fname[[], int lineno, bool logfile= false);
-#else
-#define debug_(NM, VL) ((void) )
-#define debug2_(NM, VL, LOG_FILE) ((void) )
-#endif // DEBUG_PRT
-
-----
-----
-
-!!6. Makefile
-
-
-# From your browser save this file as __text-file__ named as 'Makefile'.
-
-
-
-----
-
-#//*****************************************************************
-#// Copyright policy is GNU/GPL and it is requested that
-#// you include author's name and email on all copies
-#// Author : Al Dev Email: alavoor[[AT]yahoo.com
-#//*****************************************************************
-.SUFFIXES: .pc .cpp .c .o
-HOSTFLAG=-DLinux
-#HOSTFLAG=-DSunOS
-CC=gcc
-CXX=g++
-MAKEMAKE=mm
-#LIBRARY=libString.a
-DEST=/home/myname/lib
-# Note: You should set only ONE value of MYCFLAGS below, that is only
-# one line is uncommented and others are commented.
-# Use options -Wall (all warning msgs) -O3 (optimization)
-MYCFLAGS=-DDEBUG_PRT -g3 -Wall
-#MYCFLAGS=-O3 -Wall
-#PURIFY=purify -best-effort
-SRCS=procautostart.cpp debug.cpp
-#HDR=my_malloc.h String.h !StringTokenizer.h File.h debug.h string_multi.h
-#LIBOBJS=my_malloc.o String.o !StringTokenizer.o File.o debug.o
-OBJS=procautostart.o debug.o
-EXE=procautostart
-# For generating makefile dependencies..
-SHELL=/bin/sh
-CPPFLAGS=$(MYCFLAGS) $(OS_DEFINES)
-CFLAGS=$(MYCFLAGS) $(OS_DEFINES)
-#
-# If the libString.a is in the current
-# directory then use -L. (dash L dot)
-MYLIBDIR=-L$(MY_DIR)/libmy -L.
-ALLLDFLAGS= $(LDFLAGS) $(MYLIBDIR)
-COMMONLIBS=-lstdc++ -lm
-MYLIBS=-lString
-LIBS=$(COMMONLIBS) $(MYLIBS)
-all: $(LIBRARY) $(EXE)
-$(MAKEMAKE):
-@rm -f $(MAKEMAKE)
-$(PURIFY) $(CXX) -M $(INCLUDE) $(CPPFLAGS) *.cpp > $(MAKEMAKE)
-$(EXE): $(OBJS) $(LIBRARY)
-@echo "Creating a executable "
-$(PURIFY) $(CC) -o $(EXE) $(OBJS) $(ALLLDFLAGS) $(LIBS)
-#$(LIBRARY): $(LIBOBJS)
-# @echo "\n***********************************************"
-# @echo " Loading $(LIBRARY) ... to $(DEST)"
-# @echo "***********************************************"
-# @ar cru $(LIBRARY) $(LIBOBJS)
-# @echo "\n "
-.cpp.o: $(SRCS) $(HDR)
-# @echo "Creating a object files from " $*.cpp " files "
-$(PURIFY) $(CXX) -c $(INCLUDE) $(HOSTFLAG) $(CPPFLAGS) $*.cpp
-.c.o: $(SRCS) $(HDR)
-# @echo "Creating a object files from " $*.c " files "
-$(PURIFY) $(CC) -c $(INCLUDE) $(HOSTFLAG) $(CFLAGS) $*.c
-clean:
-rm -f *.o *.log *~ *.log.old *.pid core err a.out lib*.a afiedt.buf *.class tags
-rm -f $(EXE)
-rm -f $(MAKEMAKE)
-ln -s ../cpphowto/libString.a .
-#%.d: %.c
-# @echo "Generating the dependency file *.d from *.c"
-# $(SHELL) -ec '$(CC) -M $(CPPFLAGS) $< | sed '\''s/$*.o/& $@/g'\'' > $@'
-#%.d: %.cpp
-# @echo "Generating the dependency file *.d from *.cpp"
-# $(SHELL) -ec '$(CC) -M $(CPPFLAGS) $< | sed '\''s/$*.o/& $@/g'\'' > $@'
-# Must include all the c flags for -M option
-#$(MAKEMAKE):
-# @echo "Generating the dependency file *.d from *.cpp"
-# $(CXX) -M $(INCLUDE) $(CPPFLAGS) *.cpp > $(MAKEMAKE)
-include $(MAKEMAKE)
-#include $(SRCS:.cpp=.d)
-#include $(SRCS:.c=.d)
-
-----
-----
-
-!!7. Testing the program - monitor_test
-
-
-From your browser save this file as __text-file__ named as 'monitor_test'.
-
-
-Use this program for testing the 'procautostart' program. For example -
-----
-
-procautostart -n 12 -c "monitor_test -d $HOME -a dummy_arg " nohup &
-
-----
-Here __procautostart__ will be checking the process monitor_test __every__ 12 seconds.
-
-
-
-----
-
-#!/bin/ksh
-# Program to test the procautostart
-echo "Started the monitor_test ...."
-date > monitor_test.log
-while :
-do
-date >> monitor_test.log
-sleep 2
-done
-
-----
-Then do a tail command to monitor the output. And simulate the failures of monitor_test
-programs.
-----
-
-bash$ tail -f monitor_test.log
-bash$ ps -ef | grep monitor_test
-See the PID of monitor_test and kill it..
-bash$ kill -9 < PID of monitor_test >
-
-----
-Once you kill the process, you will notice that it immediately comes alive
-due to procautostart !
-----
-
-!!8. Other Monitoring Tools
-
-
-
-
-!!8.1 Unix init command
-
-
-
-The __init__ command is a cool tool to do simple process monitoring.
-Add :respawn: entry to your /etc/inittab, if you need procees
-to be respawned.
-See the online manual page by typing 'man init' at bash prompt.
-
-!!8.2 !OpenSource Monitoring Tools
-
-
-
-On linux systems you can find the following packages. If it is not in the main
-cdrom than you must check in the contrib cdrom :
-
-
-* On contrib cdrom __daemontools*.rpm__
-
-
-
-
-*
-
-* 'top' command __procps*.rpm__
-
-
-
-
-*
-
-* 'top' command graphic mode __procps-X11*.rpm__
-
-
-
-
-*
-
-* 'ktop' graphic mode __ktop*.rpm__
-
-
-
-
-*
-
-* 'gtop' graphic mode __gtop*.rpm__
-
-
-
-
-*
-
-* 'WMMon' CPU load __wmmon*.rpm__
-
-
-
-
-*
-
-* 'wmsysmon' monitor __wmsysmon*.rpm__
-
-
-
-
-*
-
-* 'procmeter' System activity meter __procmeter*.rpm__
-
-
-
-
-*
-
-To use top commands type at unix prompt -
-----
-
-$ top
-$ ktop
-$ gtop
-
-----
-
-!!8.3 Monitoring Tool - "daemontools"
-
-
-
-Visit the web site of daemontools at
-http://www.pobox.com/~djb/daemontools.html
-
-To install the daemontools RPM, do -
-----
-
-# rpm -i /mnt/cdrom/daemontools*.html
-# man supervise
-
-----
-
-
-__supervise__ monitors a service. It starts the service and restarts the
-service if it dies. The companion svc program stops, pauses, or restarts
-the service on sysadmin request. The svstat program prints a one-line
-status report. See man page by 'man supervise'
-
-
-__svc__ - control a supervised service.
-
-
-svc changes the status of a supervise-monitored service.
-dir is the same directory used for supervise.
-You can list several dirs. svc will change the status of
-each service in turn.
-
-
-__svstat__ - print the status of a supervised service.
-
-
-svstat prints the status of a supervise-monitored service.
-dir is the same directory used for supervise.
-You can list several dirs. svstat will print the status
-of each service in turn.
-
-
-__cyclog__ writes a log to disk. It automatically synchronizes the log every
-100KB (by default) to guarantee data integrity after a crash. It
-automatically rotates the log to keep it below 1MB (by default). If the
-disk fills up, cyclog pauses and then tries again, without losing any
-data. See man page by 'man cyclog'
-
-
-__accustamp__ puts a precise timestamp on each line of input. The timestamp
-is a numeric TAI timestamp with microsecond precision. The companion
-tailocal program converts TAI timestamps to local time. See 'man accustamp'
-
-
-__usually__ watches a log for lines that do not match specified patterns,
-copying those lines to stderr. The companion errorsto program redirects
-stderr to a file. See 'man usually'
-
-
-__setuser__ runs a program under a user's uid and gid. Unlike su, setuser
-does not gain privileges; it does not check passwords, and it cannot be
-run except by root. See 'man setuser'
-
-!!8.4 Commercial Monitoring Tools
-
-
-
-There are commercial monitoring tools available. Check out -
-
-
-* BMC Patrol for Unix/Databases
-http://www.bmc.com
-
-
-
-
-*
-
-* TIBCO corp's Hawk for Unix monitoring
-http://www.tibco.com
-
-
-
-
-*
-
-* !LandMark corporation
-
-
-
-
-*
-
-* Platinum corporation
-
-
-
-
-*
-
-* Treeps - X/Motif Unix Process Visualizer
-http://www.treeps.org
-*
-
-----
-
-!!9. Related URLs
-
-
-Linux goodies main site is at
-http://www.milkywaygalaxy.freeservers.com
-Mirror sites are at -
-angelfire,
-geocities,
-virtualave,
-Fortunecity,
-Freewebsites,
-Tripod,
-101xs,
-50megs,
-----
-
-!!10. Other Formats of this Document
-
-
-This document is published in 14 different formats namely - DVI, Postscript,
-Latex, Adobe Acrobat PDF,
-LyX, GNU-info, HTML, RTF(Rich Text Format), Plain-text, Unix man pages, single
-HTML file, SGML (Linuxdoc format), SGML (Docbook format), MS !WinHelp format.
-
-
-This howto document is located at -
-
-
-*
-http://www.linuxdoc.org and click on HOWTOs and search
-for howto document name using CTRL+f or ALT+f within the web-browser.
-*
-
-
-
-You can also find this document at the following mirrors sites -
-
-
-*
-http://www.caldera.com/LDP/HOWTO
-*
-
-*
-http://www.linux.ucla.edu/LDP
-*
-
-*
-http://www.cc.gatech.edu/linux/LDP
-*
-
-*
-http://www.redhat.com/mirrors/LDP
-
-*
-
-* Other mirror sites near you (network-address-wise) can be found at
-http://www.linuxdoc.org/mirrors.html
-select a site and go to directory /LDP/HOWTO/xxxxx-HOWTO.html
-*
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-*You can get this HOWTO document as a single file tar ball in HTML, DVI,
-Postscript or SGML formats from -
-ftp://www.linuxdoc.org/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/other-formats/
-and
-http://www.linuxdoc.org/docs.html#howto
-
-
-
-
-*
-
-*Plain text format is in:
-ftp://www.linuxdoc.org/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO
-and
-http://www.linuxdoc.org/docs.html#howto
-
-
-
-
-*
-
-*Single HTML file format is in:
-http://www.linuxdoc.org/docs.html#howto
-
-
- Single HTML file can be created with command (see man sgml2html) -
-sgml2html -split 0 xxxxhowto.sgml
-
-
-
-
-*
-
-*Translations to other languages like French, German, Spanish,
-Chinese, Japanese are in
-ftp://www.linuxdoc.org/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO
-and
-http://www.linuxdoc.org/docs.html#howto
-Any help from you to translate to other languages is welcome.
-*
-
-The document is written using a tool called "SGML-Tools" which can be got from -
-http://www.sgmltools.org
-Compiling the source you will get the following commands like
-
-
-*sgml2html xxxxhowto.sgml (to generate html file)
-*
-
-*sgml2html -split 0 xxxxhowto.sgml (to generate a single page html file)
-*
-
-*sgml2rtf xxxxhowto.sgml (to generate RTF file)
-*
-
-*sgml2latex xxxxhowto.sgml (to generate latex file)
-*
-
-
-!! 10.1 Acrobat PDF format
-
-
-
-PDF file can be generated from postscript file using
-either acrobat __distill__ or __Ghostscript__.
-And postscript file is generated
-from DVI which in turn is generated from !LaTex file.
-You can download distill software from
-http://www.adobe.com. Given below
-is a sample session:
-----
-
-bash$ man sgml2latex
-bash$ sgml2latex filename.sgml
-bash$ man dvips
-bash$ dvips -o filename.ps filename.dvi
-bash$ distill filename.ps
-bash$ man ghostscript
-bash$ man ps2pdf
-bash$ ps2pdf input.ps output.pdf
-bash$ acroread output.pdf &
-
-----
-Or you can use Ghostscript command __ps2pdf__.
-ps2pdf is a work-alike for nearly all the functionality of
-Adobe's Acrobat Distiller product: it
-converts !PostScript files to Portable Document Format (PDF) files.
-__ps2pdf__ is implemented as a very small command script
-(batch file) that invokes Ghostscript, selecting a special "output device"
-called __pdfwrite__. In order to use ps2pdf, the pdfwrite
-device must be included in the makefile when Ghostscript was compiled;
-see the documentation on building Ghostscript for details.
-
-!! 10.2 Convert Linuxdoc to Docbook format
-
-
-
-This document is written in linuxdoc SGML format. The Docbook SGML format
-supercedes the linuxdoc format and has lot more features than linuxdoc.
-The linuxdoc is very simple and is easy to use. To convert linuxdoc SGML
-file to Docbook SGML use the program __ld2db.sh__ and some perl scripts.
-The ld2db output is not 100% clean and you need to use the __clean_ld2db.pl__
-perl script. You may need to manually correct few lines in the document.
-
-
-* Download ld2db program from
-http://www.dcs.gla.ac.uk/~rrt/docbook.html
-or from
-Milkyway Galaxy site
-*
-
-* Download the cleanup_ld2db.pl perl script from
-from
-Milkyway Galaxy site
-*
-
-The ld2db.sh is not 100% clean, you will get lots of errors when you run
-----
-
-bash$ ld2db.sh file-linuxdoc.sgml db.sgml
-bash$ cleanup.pl db.sgml > db_clean.sgml
-bash$ gvim db_clean.sgml
-bash$ docbook2html db.sgml
-
-----
-And you may have to manually edit some of the minor errors after
-running the perl script. For e.g. you may need to put closing tag <
-/Para> for each <
-Listitem>
-
-!! 10.3 Convert to MS !WinHelp format
-
-
-
-You can convert the SGML howto document to Microsoft Windows Help file,
-first convert the sgml to html using:
-----
-
-bash$ sgml2html xxxxhowto.sgml (to generate html file)
-bash$ sgml2html -split 0 xxxxhowto.sgml (to generate a single page html file)
-
-----
-Then use the tool
-!HtmlToHlp.
-You can also use sgml2rtf and then use the RTF files for generating winhelp files.
-
-!! 10.4 Reading various formats
-
-
-
-In order to view the document in dvi format, use the xdvi program. The xdvi
-program is located in tetex-xdvi*.rpm package in Redhat Linux which can be
-located through !ControlPanel | Applications | Publishing | TeX menu buttons.
-To read dvi document give the command -
-
-
-xdvi -geometry 80x90 howto.dvi
-man xdvi
-
-
-And resize the window with mouse.
-To navigate use Arrow keys, Page Up, Page Down keys, also
-you can use 'f', 'd', 'u', 'c', 'l', 'r', 'p', 'n' letter
-keys to move up, down, center, next page, previous page etc.
-To turn off expert menu press 'x'.
-
-
-You can read postscript file using the program 'gv' (ghostview) or
-'ghostscript'.
-The ghostscript program is in ghostscript*.rpm package and gv
-program is in gv*.rpm package in Redhat Linux
-which can be located through !ControlPanel | Applications | Graphics menu
-buttons. The gv program is much more user friendly than ghostscript.
-Also ghostscript and gv are available on other platforms like OS/2,
-Windows 95 and NT, you view this document even on those platforms.
-
-
-
-
-
-*Get ghostscript for Windows 95, OS/2, and for
-all OSes from
-http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost
-*
-
-
-
-To read postscript document give the command -
-
-
-gv howto.ps
-ghostscript howto.ps
-
-
-
-
-You can read HTML format document using Netscape Navigator, Microsoft Internet
-explorer, Redhat Baron Web browser or any of the 10 other web browsers.
-
-
-You can read the latex, LyX output using LyX a X-Windows front end to latex.
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-
-!!11. Copyright Notice
-
-
-Copyright policy is GNU/GPL as per LDP (Linux Documentation project).
-LDP is a GNU/GPL project.
-Additional restrictions are - you must retain the author's name, email address
-and this copyright notice on all the copies. If you make any changes
-or additions to this document than you should
-intimate all the authors of this document
.
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+Describe
[HowToProcessMonitorHOWTO
] here.
