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-Linux MP3 CD Burning mini-HOWTO
-!!!Linux MP3 CD Burning mini-HOWTO
-!Greg Wierzchowski
-
-greg@draxen.org
-
-
-
-2001-05-29
-
-
-__Revision History__Revision 2.02002-04-26Revised by: GWDivided into two sections: existing material to section "audio", new section "data" on data
-CDs. Misc. additions.Revision 1.52001-11-19Revised by: GWFixed omission in Disc-At-Once burning section.Revision 1.42001-11-17Revised by: GWAdded Disc-At-Once burning section.Revision 1.32001-09-02Revised by: GWAdded another example of decoding MP3 files with lame.Revision 1.22001-07-12Revised by: GWMinor layout changes; Added Translations subsection into Credits.Revision 1.12001-06-12Revised by: GWMinor cleanup; Regexp fix for MP3 to WAV name conversion example.Revision 1.02001-05-29Revised by: GWInitial Release.
-
-
-
-
-
-A complete recipe for creating audio and data CDs from MP3 files.
-
-
-
-
-
-----; __Table of Contents__; 1. Introduction: ; 1.1. Copyright and License; 2. Audio CDs: ; 2.1. Preparing the Tracks; 2.2. Burning Your CD; 2.3. Burning a DAO CD; 2.4. Software; 3. Data CDs; 4. Credits: ; 4.1. Translations; 4.2. Other Credits
-!!!1. Introduction
-
-This mini-HOWTO was created because of my experience with burning music CDs
-and lack of some specific information about sound normalization on the
-Internet. I usually burn music CDs as a mix - different songs from different
-sources.Very often volume level between songs varies greatly. This is the
-first obstacle. Second, many of the files on the Internet are not
-CD-compatible (16 bit, stereo, 44.1 kHz) and have to be converted. There are
-many programs to burn music CDs from MP3 files, and many of them do the
-conversion transparently. But I haven't seen a single tool that also
-normalizes the volume, so that's why I worked out my own CD-burning recipe.
-
-
-
-This HOWTO is just about one thing - putting MP3 music on a CD, so that you can
-listen to it. For in-depth information about MP3 files, please look at ''The Linux MP3
-HOWTO'' by Phil Kerr, located at http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/MP3-HOWTO.html.
-For information about CD creation in general as well as CD burners, refer to
-''CD-Writing-HOWTO'' by Winfried Trümper, available at http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/CD-Writing-HOWTO.html.
-
-
-
-I'm assuming you wish to burn a CD with the collection of songs you obtained
-from different sources, all varying quality, but you want to get the
-best-sounding CD possible. This mini-HOWTO outlines the steps that may
-help you.
-
-----
-!!1.1. Copyright and License
-
-This document is copyright 2001 by Greg Wierzchowski and is released under
-the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, which is hereby incorporated
-by reference. Send feedback to
-''greg.wierzchowski@usa.net''.
-
-
-----
-!!!2. Audio CDs
-!!2.1. Preparing the Tracks
-
-
-
-
-
-
-__Note__
-
-All commands assume bash shell
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-#
-
-Collect all MP3 files in one directory.
-
-
-#
-#
-
-If your MP3 files came from DOS/Windows, they may have
-uppercase extensions. You can convert whole names to lowercase or just
-extensions. For everything lowercase do:
-
-
- for i in *.
[[Mm
][[Pp]3; do mv "$i" `echo $i | tr '[[A-Z]' '[[a-z]'`; done
-
-to convert just extensions:
-
-
- for i in *.MP3; do mv "$i" "`basename "$i" .MP3`.mp3"; done
-
-#
-#
-
-If any filenames contain spaces, first convert them to underscores:
-
-
- for i in *.mp3; do mv "$i" `echo $i | tr ' ' '_'`; done
-#
-#
-
-Convert them to WAV with the command:
-
-
- for i in *.mp3; do mpg123 -w `basename $i .mp3`.wav $i; done
-
-When decoding 22khz MP3 files the output of __mpg123__ may be distorted. To fix this,
-use:
-
-
- for i in *.mp3; do mpg123 --rate 44100 --stereo --buffer 3072 --resync -w `basename $i .mp3`.wav $i; done
-
-
-''Mpg123'' should be present in any Linux
-distribution, but if you don't have it, get it at
-http://www.mpg123.de/.
-
-
-
-
-''NOTE'' I noticed that with some MP3 files mpg123 output was distorted.
-At first I thought that MP3's were bad, but then I checked with another
-player and they sounded OK. So I searched for another MP3 player that
-could write WAV files to disk, and found this one: ''MAD mp3 decoder'' at
-http://www.mars.org/home/rob/proj/mpeg/.
-With ''madplayer'', the command line is:
-
-
- for i in *.mp3; do madplay -o `basename $i .mp3`.wav $i; done
-
- There is yet another way to do the conversion. Some MP3 files apparently give both __mpg123__ and
-__madplay__ trouble with decoding. The __lame__ encoder, which has a decoding mode, seems
-to handle difficult cases very well (__lame__ can be found at http://www.mp3dev.org/mp3/) :
-
-
-
- for i in *.mp3; do lame --decode $i `basename $i .mp3`.wav; done
-
-
- ''NOTE:'' The __`basename $i .mp3`.wav__ command
-replaces MP3 extensions with WAV. There are 101 ways to do that,
here's
-the alternative: __`echo "$1" | sed 's/\.mp3$/.wav/'`__
-
-
-
-#
-#
-
-Run "__file *.wav__" and check the
-output for any files different from 16 bit, stereo 44100 Hz.
-
-
-#
-#
-
-If there are files with different characteristics, convert them to the
-above specs. For example, to convert file track01.wav to obtain sample
-rate 44.1 kHz, you could use:
-
-
- sox track01.wav -r 44100 track01-new.wav resample
-
-
-or, if the above introduces static when converting mono files:
-
-
- sox track01.wav -r 44100 -c 2 track01-new.wav
-
-
-''Sox'' is so popular, that it's probably installed
-by default with any Linux distribution, and can be obtained from
-http://www.spies.com/Sox/.
-However, the command-line options are somewhat cryptic for the casual
-user (me). Look at
-http://www.spies.com/Sox/sox.tips.html
-for some tips on usage.
-
-
-
-#
-#
-
-Normalize your WAV files, to avoid drastic differences in volume
-levels. I use a program by Chris Vaill (`cvaill@cs.columbia.edub), called
-__normalize__ - it can be obtained from
-http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~cvaill/normalize/
-
-
-
-
- I use the following
-syntax (-m is for mix mode, where all files should be as loud as
-possible):
-
-
- normalize -m *.wav
-#----
-!!2.2. Burning Your CD
-
-There are many programs to create CDs from WAV files. I use __cdrecord__ for
-command-line burning and __XCDROAST__ for gui. For __cdrecord__,
-you have to know
-what SCSI device your CD-writer is. If you're using ATAPI writer, use SCSI
-emulation (kernel module ide-scsi). Let's assume, that your ATAPI cdwriter
-is on the second IDE bus as a master. Thus, it will have /dev/hdc device
-file. To instruct the kernel that you want to treat it as a SCSI device, add
-the following line to /etc/lilo.conf:
-
-
- append=" hdc=ide-scsi"
-
-Also, if your kernel doesn't automatically load ide-scsi module, add
-__insmod ide-scsi__ into your rc.local
-(or equivalent) file. Once you have our CD-writer recognized as a
-SCSI device, run __cdrecord --scanbus__ to
-find out what's the "dev" parameter to cdrecord. On my system, the
-output looks like the following:
-
-
- scsibus1:
-1,,0 100) 'IOMEGA ' 'ZIP 250 ' '51.G' Removable Disk
-1,1,0 101) 'HP ' 'CD-Writer+ 7100 ' '3.01' Removable CD-ROM
-
-So, the __cdrecord__ command line will contain __dev=1,1,__ to specify the
-device. Here is the complete command on my system:
-
-
- cdrecord dev=1,1,0 -eject speed=2 -pad -audio *.wav
-
-
-
-
-__NOTE__
-
- The -pad argument is neccessary,
-because all audio tracks on the CD must be adjusted for the proper
-data length, which is not always the case with mp3 files.
-
-----
-!!2.3. Burning a DAO CD
-
-DAO, Disc-At-Once, is as of now the only method for burning a CD without a 2-second pause between the tracks.
-It's useful for burning party mixes. The program for burning CDs in DAO mode is __cdrdao__, available from !SourceForge, http://sourceforge.net/projects/cdrdao/.
-
-
-
-The __cdrdao__ program uses description files called ''TOC'' (Table Of Contents, of course). There are two ways to create such file. First is to use a shell script, distributed with __cdrdao__ source (in contrib directory, called __generate_toc.sh__. It takes a list of .wav files as an argument and produces a cd.toc file. Second way is to simply create such file yourself in a text editor of your choice. Here is a self-explanatory example:
-
-
-CD_DA
-TRACK AUDIO
-AUDIOFILE "mix-01.wav"
-TRACK AUDIO
-AUDIOFILE "mix-02.wav"
-TRACK AUDIO
-AUDIOFILE "mix-03.wav"
-TRACK AUDIO
-AUDIOFILE "mix-04.wav"
-TRACK AUDIO
-AUDIOFILE "mix-05.wav"
-
-The '''' (zero) after the wave filename means start from the beginning of the file. There can be a second number providing the length (time) of file to record. The __xcdroast__ creates similar ''TOC'' files, there are also examples in testtocs directory of __cdrdao__ source.
-
-
-
-The __cdrdao__ by default uses the device /dev/cdrecorder, which should be a link to the cdwriter device. Assuming your cd recorder device file is /dev/scd0, create the link (as root) as follows:
-
-
-ln -s /dev/scd0 /dev/cdrecorder
-
-Then, assuming that the ''TOC'' file is named cd.toc the command to burn the cd is simply:
-
-
-cdrdao write cd.toc----
-!!2.4. Software
-
-There are some programs available, that can automate the process of creating CDs from MP3 files. Here is
-arbitrarily selected list:
-
-
-
-
-
-
-*
-
-''burnmp3'' - Program to automate burning with DAO method. http://richardsnow.bizland.com/burnmp3/.
-
-
-*
-*
-
-''mp32dao'' - a script from ''cdrdao'' distribution, in the
-''contrib'' directory. http://cdrdao.sourceforge.net/.
-
-
-*----
-!!!3. Data CDs
-
-
-
-
-
-
-__Note__
-
-This section is a work in progress, you're looking at initial, very sparse version.
-
-
-
-
-
-With increasing popularity of CD/MP3 players burning data CDs for listening purposes become practical. The advantage is definitely being able to squeeze ten times more music onto one CD (a very approximate figure).
-As far as MP3 data CD-s, they're just a regular, standard data CD's (ISO9660) with MP3 music as regular files. All MP3-CD players I know accept CD-s with directories in them, and I usually burn CD with Joliet extension and they work just fine. So to burn such a CD under linux, you first need to create an ISO image an then burn it on the CD as in the example below:
-
-
-mkisofs -J -o /tmp/mymp3s.iso /home/greg/mp3s/
-cdrecord dev=1,,0 speed=16 /tmp/mymp3s.iso
-
-That's it!
-
-
-
-I have yet to research ability to normalize mp3 files directly - however I believe it always involves decompressing, normalization and then re-compressing the file, which introduces quality loss. Stay tuned!
-
-----
-!!!4. Credits
-
-Special thanks to all the people who contribute to the Linux community and who made this HOWTO possible.
-
-----
-!!4.1. Translations
-
-
-
-
-*
-
- Im Eunjea - Translated this document to Korean, URL is http://kltp.kldp.org/eunjea/mp3_burning/.
-
-
-*
-*
-
- Mendel L Chan - Translated this document to Chinese, URL is http://www.linux.org.tw/CLDP/mini/MP3-CD-Burning/.
-
-
-*
-*
-
- Chie Nakatani - Translated this document to Japanese, URL is http://www.linux.or.jp/JF/JFdocs/MP3-CD-Burning/index.html.
-
-
-*----
-!!4.2. Other Credits
-
-
-
-
-*
-
- Greg Ferguson - Initially converted this document from HTML to SGML.
-
-
-*
-*
-
- Rob Russell - Corrected my name conversion example.
-
-
-*
-*
-
- Terry Davis - Suggested submitting my HOWTO to linuxdoc.
-
-
-*
-*
-
-Chris Vaill - Created __normalize__ program.
-
-
-*
-*
-
-Jamie Kellogg - Submitted a solution to decode with __lame__ for troublesome files.
-
-
-*
-*
-
-Tom Panning - Submitted a tip for the conversion of mono files with sox.
-
-
-*
-*
-
-Adam Buckley - Submitted an idea about files with uppercase extension.
-
-
-*
-*
-
-Ilia Lobsanov - Submitted options for mpg123 decoding 22kHz files
.
-
-
-*
+Describe
[HowToMP3CDBurning
] here.
