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-
-
-
-!LinuxDoc+Emacs+Ispell-HOWTO
-
-
-
-----
-
-!!!!LinuxDoc+Emacs+Ispell-HOWTO
-
-!!Author: Philippe MARTIN
-(
-feloy@wanadoo.fr)
-Translator: Seacutebastien Blondeel
-(
-Sebastien.Blondeel@lifl.fr)
-v0.4, 27 February 1998
-
-
-----
-'' This document is aimed at writers and translators of Linux HOWTOs or
-any other paper for the Linux Documentation Project. It gives them hints at
-using tools including Emacs and Ispell.
-''
-----
-
-
-
-
-!!1. Preamble
-
-
-*1.1 Copyright
-
-*1.2 Credits
-
-*1.3 Comments
-
-*1.4 Versions
-
-
-
-
-
-!!2. Introduction
-
-
-*2.1 SGML
-
-*2.2 The !LinuxDoc Type Definition
-
-*2.3 SGML-Tools
-
-
-
-
-
-!!3. Your first document.
-
-
-*3.1 From a text document
-
-
-
-
-
-!!4. Configuring Emacs
-
-
-*4.1 Accented Characters
-
-*4.2 SGML mode
-
-*4.3 PSGML mode
-
-*4.4 Miscellaneous
-
-
-
-
-
-!!5. Ispell
-
-
-*5.1 Choosing your default dictionaries
-
-*5.2 Selecting special dictionaries for certain files
-
-*5.3 Spell-checking your document
-
-*5.4 Personal dictionary versus local file dictionary
-
-*5.5 Typing spell-checking
-
-
-
-
-
-!!6. Dirty Tricks
-
-
-*6.1 Inserting a header automatically
-
-
-!!Appendix
-
-
-
-
-!!7. An insert-sgml-header function
-----
-
-!!1. Preamble
-
-!!1.1 Copyright
-
-
-
-Copyright Philippe Martin 1998
-You may redistribute and/or modify this document as long as you
-comply with the terms of the GNU General Public Licence, version 2 or
-later.
-
-
-
-
-!!1.2 Credits
-
-
-
-Special thanks go to Seacutebastien Blondeel, who is a nasty bugger and
-asked me so much about Emacs setup. His clever questions have allowed me to
-understand it better and pass the knowledge to you through this
-document.
-
-
-
-
-!!1.3 Comments
-
-
-
-Do not hesitate to tell me any thing you think will help make this
-document better. I will examine your critics thoroughly.
-Do not hesitate as well to ask me any questions related to topics discussed
-I will be more than happy to answer them, as they may help me
-further improve this document.
-Translator note: If the English is ugly, well then that goes to me!
-
-
-
-
-!!1.4 Versions
-
-
-
-This paper is about the following versions:
-
-
-*Sgml-tools version .99,
-*
-
-*Emacs version 19.34,
-*
-
-*Ispell version 3.1,
-*
-
-*All Emacs libraries referred to in this document are distributed
-with the above Emacs version, apart from iso-sgml, which is
-distributed with XEmacs, and psgml, which is a stand-alone library.
-*
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-----
-
-!!2. Introduction
-
-!!2.1 SGML
-
-
-
-''Standard Generalised Mark-up Language'', or
-__SGML__, is a language to define document types.
-
-
-For instance, one may define the document type ''recipe'', with a
-first part presenting the ingredients, a second part introducing the
-accessories, a third part giving step by step instructions for baking
-the cake, and a nice final picture to show the outcome of it all.
-
-
-
-This is called a ''Document Type Definition''.
-It does not define what the final product will look like, it only defines
-what it may contain.
-
-
-
-To use the same example again, I'm sure that upon reading my idea
-of a recipe, you recognised yours, or your favourite cook's. Nevertheless,
-they actually look different: mine have a picture in the upper left corner of
-the bathroom cupboard, and the ingredients list can be found in the back
-garden, between the swimming pool and the barbecue. Yours?
-
-
-
-Thanks to this standard definition, one can write a document,
-without taking into account what it will look like in the end to
-the reader.
-
-
-
-
-!!2.2 The !LinuxDoc Type Definition
-
-
-
-This type is used to write, as you might have guessed,
-documents related to Linux.
-
-
-Such documents are generally built as follows: they start with a title
-followed by the name of the author, and the version number and
-date. Then comes the abstract (so you don't have to browse through it
-before realizing it isn't what you were looking for after all),
-then the contents which show the
-structure so that those in a rush can go directly to the part they
-want to read.
-
-
-Then comes a list of chapters, sections, paragraphs. Among these, one
-can insert bits of programs, change the font to emphasise a word or a
-sentence, insert lists, refer to another part of the document, etc.
-
-
-To write such a document, you just need to specify at the right time
-the title, the author, the date, and the document version, the chapters
-and sections, say when a list is to be inserted, what its elements are
-etc.
-
-
-
-
-!!2.3 SGML-Tools
-
-
-
-__SGML-Tools__ will turn the specification of a document into
-the final result in the form you prefer. If you want it in your personal
-library, you will choose ''!PostScript''. If you want to share it with
-the world through the Web, it will be ''HTML''. If you can't help it
-and must read it under Windows, you can turn it into ''RTF'' to be
-able to read it with any word processor. Or maybe use all three formats
-to accommodate your changing moods.
-
-
-SGML-Tools are available via anonymous FTP at
-ftp://ftp.lip6.fr/pub/sgml-tools/
-
-
-----
-
-!!3. Your first document.
-
-
-
-
-!!3.1 From a text document
-
-
-
-If you want to turn a text document into SGML to port it to other
-formats, this is the way to go:
-
-
-
-
-
-#Add the following lines at the very beginning:
-
-<!doctype linuxdoc system>
-<article>
-<title>Title Goes Here</title>
-<author>
-name of author, author's e-mail, etc.
-</author>
-<date>
-version and date
-</date>
-
-
-#
-
-#If you describe briefly the contents of the document in the
-beginning, surround that paragraph with the
-<abstract> and </abstract> tags.
-
-#
-
-#Then insert the <toc> tag, which stands for ''Table
-Of Contents''.
-
-#
-
-#At the beginning of each new chapter, replace the line giving the
-number and title of the chapter with:
-
-<sect>The Title Of The Chapter
-
-and add the </sect> tag at the end of the
-chapter.
-
-
-__Note :__ You don't have to put the chapter number, this
-is done automatically.
-
-
-
-
-#
-
-#Proceed in the same way for sections. You need to
-delete their numbers and tag their titles with <sect1>
-and they end with </sect1>.
-
-#
-
-#You can also define as many as 4 levels of nesting in the sections,
-using <sectn> and </sectn> where
-n= 2, 3, or 4 in a similar way.
-
-#
-
-#In the beginning of each paragraph, insert the <p>
-tag.
-
-#
-
-#If you need to emphasise some parts, tag them with
-<it> and </it>
-(''italics''), <bf> and </bf>
-(__bold face__), or <tt> and </tt>
-(typewriter style).
-
-#
-
-#To insert a list like the following one:
-
-This is a four lines list:
-- first line goes here
-- second line comes next
-- yet another one
-- that's it.
-
-you must replace it with:
-
-This is a four lines list:
-<itemize>
-<item>first line goes here
-<item>second line come next
-<item>yet another one
-<item>that's it.
-</itemize>
-
-
-#
-
-#When a whole block is a part of a program, or something else that
-needs to stick out:
-
-<verb>
-10 REM Oh my God what's this?
-20 REM I thought this had long disappeared!
-30 PRINT "I am back to";
-40 PRINT "save the world."
-50 INPUT "From whom, do you reckon? ",M$
-60 IF M$="Bill" THEN PRINT "Thou art wise.":GOTO PARADISE
-70 ELSE PRINT "You ain't got a clue...":GOTO RICHMOND
-</verb>
-
-
-#
-
-#Thus far, your SGML formating skills are fairly decent. If you want to
-refine your document, you may have a look at the user's guide for
-__SGML-Tools__, which gives more details about the
-__!LinuxDoc__ document type.
-
-#
-
-----
-
-!!4. Configuring Emacs
-
-
-
-
-!!4.1 Accented Characters
-
-
-
-If you want to write documents in French or in any other western
-European language, you will need 8-bit characters. This is how to set Emacs
-up to tell it to accept such characters.
-
-
-
-
-!The displaying of 8-bit characters
-
-
-To let Emacs display 8-bit characters, you will need the following
-lines in your .emacs file:
-
-(standard-display-european 1)
-(load-library "iso-syntax")
-
-
-
-If you are using Emacs on a terminal which has no 8-bit support, you
-can use the iso-ascii library ((load-library "iso-ascii")),
-which tells Emacs to display such characters to its best approximation.
-
-
-
-
-!The typing of 8-bit characters
-
-
-If your keyboard allows you to enter accented characters, no
-problem. If not here are some remedies:
-
-
-
-
-!The iso-acc library
-
-
-The Emacs iso-acc library will let you type 8-bit
-characters from a 7-bit keyboard.
-
-
-To use it, insert the following in your .emacs file:
-
-(load-library "iso-acc")
-
-
-
-Then, upon running Emacs and opening the file you need to edit, type
-Meta-x iso-accents-mode.
-
-
-You can then enter the __eacute__ of the French word ''cafeacute''
-typing __'__ then e. More generally, you will type an
-accented character typing the accent first, then the letter to accent
-(upper or lower case). The following are the accents you may use:
-
-
-
-
-' : Acute
-
-
-` : Grave
-
-
-^ : Circumflex
-
-
-" : Dieresis
-
-
-~ : Tilde, cedilla, and other particular
-cases (cf iso-acc.el).
-
-
-/ : To bar a letter, etc.
-
-
-
-If you need one of these characters and not an accented letter, type
-a space next to it. For instance, to type
-''l'eacuteleacutephant'', type l ' spc ' e l ' e ...
-
-
-You will find all the possible combinations in the
-iso-acc.el file.
-
-
-
-
-!The Meta key
-
-
-Some terminals will let you type 8-bit characters with the
-Meta (or Alt) key. For example, pressing
-__Meta-i__ will get you the __eacute__ character.
-
-
-But Emacs reserved the Meta key for other uses, and I know
-of no library which lets you use it for accented characters.
-
-
-This is a solution:
-
-
-
-
-(global-set-key "\ei" '(lambda () (interactive) (insert ?\351)))
-_ ___
-
-
-
-Such a line, if inserted in your
-.emacs file, will let you type
-__eacute__ using the __Meta-i__ keystroke.
-You can redefine in such a way the combinations you need
-if you replace __i__ with the right key and
-__351__ with the right code (the code being taken from the
-ISO-8859-1 character set).
-
-
-__Warning!__ Some local modes may redefine such key
-combinations.
-
-
-
-
-!The displaying of 8-bit SGML characters
-
-
-Under SGML, you can type accented characters with macros. For
-example, the __eacute__ key is __é__. Generally, the applications
-that need to read SGML can read 8-bit characters and there is no need to
-use these macros. But some may not be able to do so. Given that there is a
-way to solve this problem, it would be a waste to let these crash.
-
-
-The iso-sgml library will let you type accented characters
-under Emacs, like always, but upon saving your file to the disk, it will
-turn these 8-bit characters into their SGML equivalent.
-
-
-It is therefore easy, thanks to this library, to type and reread
-your document under Emacs, and you can be sure a non 8-bit clean
-application will accept you document.
-
-
-To use this library, you just need to add the following lines to your
-.emacs file:
-
-
-
-
-(setq sgml-mode-hook
-'(lambda () "Defaults for SGML mode."
-(load-library "iso-sgml")))
-
-
-
-
-
-!!4.2 SGML mode
-
-
-
-Upon loading a file with the __.sgml__ extension,
-Emacs enters the __sgml mode__ automatically. If it doesn't, you
-can tell it to do so manually by typing Meta-x sgml-mode, or
-automatically by adding the following lines to your .emacs file:
-
-
-
-
-(setq auto-mode-alist
-(append '(("\.sgml$" . sgml-mode))
-auto-mode-alist))
-
-
-
-This mode will let you choose how to insert 8-bit characters for
-example. With Meta-x sgml-name-8bit-mode (or the menu item
-''SGML/Toggle 8-bit insertion''), you can choose to type 8-bit
-characters as is, or in SGML form, i.e. in the form __&...;__.
-
-
-It will as well let you hide or show SGML tags, with Meta-x
-sgml-tags-invisible (or the menu item ''SGML/Toggle Tag
-Visibility'').
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-!!4.3 PSGML mode
-
-
-
-PSGML mode helps a lot to edit SGML documents with Emacs.
-
-
-The
-psgml-linuxdoc
-documentation explains how to install this mode and use it with
-''!LinuxDoc''.
-
-
-
-
-!!4.4 Miscellaneous
-
-
-
-
-
-!auto-fill mode
-
-
-In the normal mode, when you type a paragraph and get to the end of
-the line, you must use the
-Return key yourself to get to the next line, or else your line
-goes on through the whole paragraph. When you use
-Return to get to the next line, you get a paragraph
-with ragged right margins.
-
-
-If you let some lines go beyond a
-reasonable width, you won't be able to see them with some editors.
-
-
-The __auto-fill__ mode automates this boring task: when you go
-further than a certain column (the 70th by default), you are automatically
-taken to the next line.
-
-
-This is how to use this mode, and set the width of your lines to 80:
-
-
-
-
-(setq sgml-mode-hook
-'(lambda () "Defaults for SGML mode."
-(auto-fill-mode)
-(setq fill-column 80)))
-
-
-
-
-----
-
-!!5. Ispell
-
-
-If you want to spell-check your document from within Emacs, you may
-use the __Ispell__ package and its Emacs mode.
-
-
-
-
-!!5.1 Choosing your default dictionaries
-
-
-
-You can set up Emacs so that upon loading a file, it chooses
-automatically which dictionaries to use (you can use several). The first
-one, certainly the most important, is the main dictionary, distributed
-with Ispell. You can choose among several languages. The second one is
-your personal dictionary, where Ispell will insert words it couldn't
-find in the main dictionary but you told it to remember.
-
-
-If you wish to use as a default dictionary the French dictionary
-that comes with Ispell, and if you wish to use the file
-.ispell-dico-perso in your home directory as a personal
-dictionary, insert the following lines in your .emacs file:
-
-
-
-
-(setq sgml-mode-hook
-'(lambda () "Defauts for SGML mode."
-(setq ispell-personal-dictionary "~/.ispell-dico-perso")
-(ispell-change-dictionary "francais")
-))
-
-
-
-
-
-!!5.2 Selecting special dictionaries for certain files
-
-
-
-You may have a little problem if you do not spell-check documents in
-the same language at all times. If you translate documents, it is very
-likely that you swap languages (and dictionaries) very often.
-
-
-
-
-
-I don't know of any Lisp way of selecting, either automatically, or
-with a single mouse click, the main and personal dictionaries associated
-to the language currently being used. (If you do, please tell me!)
-
-
-
-
-
-However, it is possible to indicate, at the end of the file, which
-dictionaries you want to use for the current file (and only this one).
-It suffices to add them as commentaries, so that Ispell can read them
-upon launching a spell-check:
-
-
-
-
-<!-- Local !IspellDict: english -->
-<!-- Local !IspellPersDict: ~/emacs/.ispell-english -->
-
-
-
-If you have previously defined, in your .emacs file, that
-your default dictionaries are the French dictionaries, then you can add
-these lines in the end of any file written in English.
-
-
-
-
-!!5.3 Spell-checking your document
-
-
-
-To spell-check the whole of your document, use, from anywhere in
-the document the Meta-x ispell-buffer command. You may as well
-only run the checking on a region in your document:
-
-
-
-
-
-* Mark the beginning of the region with Ctrl-Spc
-(mark-set-command),
-*
-
-* Go to the end of the region to check,
-*
-
-* type Meta-x ispell-region.
-*
-
-
-
-Emacs then runs Ispell. Upon meeting an unknown word, this one
-shows you said word (usually highlighted) and prompts you for a key:
-
-
-
-
-
-*__spc __accepts the word, this time only,
-*
-
-*__i __accepts the word and inserts it in your personal
-dictionary,
-*
-
-*__a __accepts the word for this session,
-*
-
-*__A __accepts the word for this file, and inserts it
-in the local file dictionary
-*
-
-*__r __allows you to correct the word by hand
-*
-
-*__R __allows you to correct all the occurrences of the
-misspelled word,
-*
-
-*__x __stops the checking, and puts the cursor back in
-place,
-*
-
-*__X __stops the checking and leaves the cursor where
-it is, letting you correct your file; you will be able to continue the
-spell-checking later if you type Meta-x ispell-continue,
-*
-
-*__? __gives you online help.
-*
-
-
-
-If ispell finds one or several words close to the unknown one, it
-will show them in a little window, each one of them preceded by a digit.
-Just type this digit to replace the misspelled word with the corresponding
-word.
-
-
-
-
-!!5.4 Personal dictionary versus local file dictionary
-
-
-
-The __i__ key will let you insert a word in your personal
-dictionary, whereas __A__ will let you insert a word in the local
-file dictionary.
-
-
-
-
-
-The local file dictionary is a sequence of words inserted at the
-end of the file, as comments, reread by Ispell each time it is run on
-the file. This way, you can accept some words, acceptable in this file,
-but not necessarily acceptable in other files.
-
-
-
-
-
-As far as I am concerned, I think it is better that the personal
-dictionary be reserved for words the main dictionary doesn't know but
-which belong to the language (like hyphenated words), plus some common
-words like proper nouns or others (like ''Linux''), if they don't
-look too much like a real word of the main dictionary; adding too many
-words in the personal dictionary, such as first names, may be dangerous,
-because they may look like a word of the language (one can imagine
-Ispell being mystified on the following:
-`''When the going gets tof, the tof get going''
-''Tof'' is a French abbreviation for the first name
-''Christophe''.
-'!).
-
-
-
-
-!!5.5 Typing spell-checking
-
-
-
-Ispell can spell-check your file while you're typing. You need to
-use __ispell-minor-mode__ for this. To start it or stop it, type
-Meta-x ispell-minor-mode. Ispell will ''beep'' you each
-time you type a word it doesn't know.
-
-
-
-
-
-If those ''beeps'' hassle you (or your roommate
-is taking a nap), you can replace those annoying ''beeps''
-with a flash on the screen, with
-the command Meta-x set-variable RET visible-bell RET t RET. You
-can add the following line in your .emacs and silence Emacs
-forever:
-
-
-
-
-(setq visible-bell t)
-
-
-
-
-----
-
-!!6. Dirty Tricks
-
-!!6.1 Inserting a header automatically
-
-
-
-Emacs allows you to ''hook'' some actions to any event
-(opening of a file, saving, running a new mode, etc).
-
-
-
-
-
-The __autoinsert__ library uses this feature: when you open a
-new file under Emacs, this library inserts, according to the type of the
-file, a ''standard'' header.
-
-
-
-
-
-In our case, this ''standard''
-header could well be the part declaring
-the document type (!LinuxDoc), the title, the author, and the date.
-
-
-
-
-
-I will describe here two ways to insert such a header. You could
-insert a template file containing the information to insert, or you could run
-an __elisp__ routine.
-
-
-
-
-!by inserting a file
-
-
-You must first tell Emacs to run the auto-insert when
-opening a file, then to read the __autoinsert__ library which
-declares the auto-insert-alist list which we need to change. This
-list defines the header to insert for each file type. By default, the
-file to insert must be in the ~/insert/ directory, but it is
-possible to redefine the auto-insert-directory variable
-if you want to put it somewhere else.
-
-
-
-
-
-Add the following lines to your .emacs file to insert the
-~/emacs/sgml-insert.sgml file each time you open a new SGML
-file:
-
-
-
-
-(add-hook 'find-file-hooks 'auto-insert)
-(load-library "autoinsert")
-(setq auto-insert-directory "~/emacs/")
-(setq auto-insert-alist
-(append '((sgml-mode . "sgml-insert.sgml"))
-auto-insert-alist))
-
-
-
-You can then write in the ~/emacs/sgml-insert.sgml file
-your customised header, then re-run Emacs and open some
-foobar.sgml file. Emacs should ask you to confirm the automatic
-insertion, and if you answer yes, insert your header.
-
-
-
-
-!by running a routine
-
-
-This works like before, but instead of setting the
-auto-insert-alist to a file to insert, you need to set it to a
-function to execute. This is how to proceed, taking for granted you want
-to write this function in a file named ~/emacs/sgml-header.el.
-(there's no need to burden your .emacs file with such a
-function, as it may turn out to be quite long):
-
-
-
-
-(add-hook 'find-file-hooks 'auto-insert)
-(load-library "autoinsert")
-(add-to-list 'load-path "~/emacs")
-(load-library "sgml-header")
-(setq auto-insert-alist
-(append '(((sgml-mode . "SGML Mode") . insert-sgml-header))
-auto-insert-alist))
-
-
-
-You will find in
-appendix an
-example of insert-sgml-header function.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-----
-
-!! 7. An insert-sgml-header function
-
-
-This function will let the user insert a customised header for a
-Linux Documentation Project document in a file. It can be called
-automatically when one opens a new file, or explicitly, by the user.
-
-
-
-
-
-This function prompts the user, through the ''mini-buffer'',
-for some pieces of information, some of which are necessary, some of which are
-not.
-
-
-First comes the title. If none is given, the function returns
-immediately, and inserts nothing. Then comes the date, the author, his
-e-mail and home page (these last two are optional).
-
-
-Then comes a request for the name of the translator. If there is
-none, just type ''Return'', and no further prompting about a
-hypothetical translator will be done. If there is one, you are asked for
-his e-mail and home page (optional as well).
-
-
-This function then prints your request to the current buffer,
-including of course all the information you typed in a set up form, and
-including as well the tags which will serve for the abstract and the
-first chapter. It finally puts the cursor
-in the place where the abstract needs to be typed.
-
-
-
-
-(defun insert-sgml-header ()
-"Inserts the header for a !LinuxDoc document"
-(interactive)
-(let (title author email home translator email-translator home-translator date
-starting-point)
-(setq title (read-from-minibuffer "Title: "))
-(if (> (length title) )
-(progn
-(setq date (read-from-minibuffer "Date: ")
-author (read-from-minibuffer "Author: ")
-email (read-from-minibuffer "Author e-mail: ")
-home (read-from-minibuffer "Author home page: http://")
-translator (read-from-minibuffer "Translator: "))
-(insert "<!doctype linuxdoc system>\n<article>\n<title>")
-(insert title)
-(insert "</title>\n<author>\nAuthor: ") (insert author) (insert "<newline>\n")
-(if (> (length email) )
-(progn
-(insert "<htmlurl url=\"mailto:")
-(insert email) (insert "\" name=\"") (insert email)
-(insert "\"><newline>\n")))
-(if (> (length home) )
-(progn
-(insert "<htmlurl url=\"http://")
-(insert home) (insert "\" name=\"") (insert home)
-(insert "\">\n<newline>")))
-(if (> (length translator) )
-(progn
-(setq email-translator (read-from-minibuffer "Translator e-mail: ")
-home-translator (read-from-minibuffer "Translator home page: http://"))
-(insert "Translator : ")
-(insert translator)
-(insert "<newline>\n")
-(if (> (length email-translator) )
-(progn
-(insert "<htmlurl url=\"mailto:")
-(insert email-translator) (insert "\" name=\"")
-(insert email-translator)
-(insert "\"><newline>\n")))
-(if (> (length home-translator) )
-(progn
-(insert "<htmlurl url=\"http://")
-(insert home-translator) (insert "\" name=\"")
-(insert home-translator)
-(insert "\"><newline>\n")))))
-(insert "</author>\n<date>\n")
-(insert date)
-(insert "\n</date>\n\n<abstract>\n")
-(setq point-beginning (point))
-(insert "\n</abstract>\n<toc>\n\n<sect>\n<p>\n\n\n</sect>\n\n</article>\n")
-(goto-char point-beginning)
-))))
-
-----
+Describe [HowToLinuxDocEmacsIspellHOWTO]
here.
