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| Newer page: | version 3 | Last edited on Tuesday, October 26, 2004 10:13:30 am | by AristotlePagaltzis | |
| Older page: | version 2 | Last edited on Friday, June 7, 2002 1:06:47 am | by perry | Revert |
@@ -1,1763 +1 @@
-
-
-
-ISP-Hookup-HOWTO
-
-
-
-----
-
-!!!ISP-Hookup-HOWTO
-
-!!Egil Kvaleberg, egil@kvaleberg.nov1.26, 5 March 1998
-
-
-----
-''This document describes how to use Linux to connect to an
-Internet Service Provider via a dial-up modem
-TCP/IP
-connection.
-As well as the basic dial-up procedure and
-IP
-establishment, email and news handling is covered.''
-----
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-!!1. Introduction
-
-
-*1.1 Copyright
-
-*1.2 Disclaimer
-
-*1.3 Translations
-
-*1.4 New versions of this document
-
-*1.5 Feedback
-
-
-
-
-
-!!2. How do I connect to the rest of the world?
-
-
-*2.1 The basic configuration
-
-
-
-
-
-!!3. How do I ''surf''?
-
-
-
-
-!!4. How do I send and receive email
-
-
-
-
-!!5. News
-
-
-*5.1 How do I set up an online news-reader?
-
-*5.2 How do I set up an offline news-reader?
-
-*5.3 How do I set up C News?
-
-*5.4 How do I set up Leafnode?
-
-
-
-
-
-!!6. How do I automate the connection procedure?
-
-
-
-
-!!7. Final words
-
-
-*7.1 Other things I should know about?
-
-
-
-
-
-!!8. ISP specific information
-
-
-*8.1 How do I learn more?
-
-*8.2 Thanks to
-
-----
-
-!!1. Introduction
-
-
-This description has been made to answer a few questions about
-how dial-up ISP (Internet Service Provider)
-subscribers may configure and use Linux.
-
-
-To aid those who will connect their Linux based machines to an
-ISP for the first time, an attempt has been made to cover most
-issues encountered. This quite unavoidably will create a certain
-degree of overlap with other Linux Howto-documents and
-LDP books. Reference should be made to these
-documents to provide better understanding and detail.
-
-
-Much of the existing documentation is targeted towards users with
-a certain degree of experience, and first time users will often
-have trouble sorting out the relevant information.
-
-
-To simplify, the examples given will assume the following:
-
-
-
-
-
-* User name: dirk
-*
-
-* Password: !PrettySecret
-*
-
-* Internet service provider: acme.xz
-*
-
-* Email server: mail.acme.xz
-*
-
-* News server: news.acme.xz
-*
-
-* Name server: 193.212.1.
-*
-
-* Phone number: 12345678
-*
-
-
-
-Our dirk will be calling his machine roderick.
-
-
-
-All references in the table above should naturally be replaced by
-whatever is valid for the ISP one is using. Often, just a
-minimum of changes will otherwise be required for users with
-different ISPs. I would like to be informed about what problems
-you encounter on this account.
-
-
-
-
-!!1.1 Copyright
-
-
-
-Copyright (c) 1996,1997,1998 by Egil Kvaleberg. This document may
-be distributed under the terms set forth in the LDP license at
-
-
-
-http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/COPYRIGHT.html
-
-
-
-
-!!1.2 Disclaimer
-
-
-
-____ No liability for the contents of this documents can be
-accepted. Use the concepts, examples and other content at your
-own risk.
-
-
-One of many possible setups will be described. In the Linux
-world, there is usually a number of ways in which to accomplish
-things. Paragraphs containing hints to alternatives are marked
-by __ALT:__ Please also note that FTP-references
-often will change slightly as new versions of programs arrive.
-
-
-As far as I know, only programs that under certain terms may be
-used or evaluated for personal purposes will be described. Most
-of the programs will be available complete with source under
-GNU-like terms.
-
-
-
-
-
-!!1.3 Translations
-
-
-
-This document has been translated to the following languages:
-
-
-German, by Cristoph Seibert:
-
-
-
-http://tech.appl-opt.physik.uni-essen.de/LinuX/german-howto/DE-ISP-Verbindung-HOWTO.html
-
-
-Korean, by Kidong Lee:
-
-
-
-http://www.postech.ac.kr/~cessi/howto/ISP-Hookup/ISP-Hookup-HOWTO.html
-
-
-French, by Eric Jacoboni:
-
-
-
-http://www.minet.net/linux/HOWTO-fr/ISP-Hookup-HOWTO.html
-
-
-Polish, by Piotr Pogorzelski: __URL TBA__
-
-
-Norwegian:
-
-
-
-http://www.kvaleberg.com/no-linux.html
-
-
-
-
-!!1.4 New versions of this document
-
-
-
-New versions of this document will be periodically posted to
-''comp.os.linux.answers''. They will also be added to the
-various anonymous FTP sites who archive such information,
-including:
-
-
-
-ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO
-
-
-
-In addition, you should generally be able to find this document
-on the Linux Documentation Project page via:
-
-
-
-http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/
-
-
-
-The very latest version of this document should also be available
-in various formats from:
-
-
-
-ftp://ftp.sol.no/user/egilk/ISP-Hookup-HOWTO.txt
-
-
-
-ftp://ftp.sol.no/user/egilk/ISP-Hookup-HOWTO.ps.gz
-
-
-
-ftp://ftp.sol.no/user/egilk/ISP-Hookup-HOWTO.tar.gz
-
-
-
-http://www.kvaleberg.com/ISP-Hookup-HOWTO.html
-
-
-
-
-!!1.5 Feedback
-
-
-
-All comments, error reports, additional information and criticism
-of all sorts should be directed to:
-
-
-
-egil@kvaleberg.no
-
-
-
-http://www.kvaleberg.com/
-
-
-
-----
-
-!!2. How do I connect to the rest of the world?
-
-
-It will be assumed that we have installed the essential
-networking software modules from your Linux distribution, and
-that you have set up which serial port that is to be used for the
-
-/dev/modem.
-
-
-The default configuration will usually only allow direct access
-to /dev/modem as user root.
-
-
-To connect to ISP shell accounts directly, and to experiment with
-connection sequences, you may use the
-
-minicom program. It is pretty straight forward to
-use.
-
-
-
-
-!!2.1 The basic configuration
-
-
-
-Configuration of the machine for use on the net should be done as
-user root. Before proceeding any further, ensure that
-the file
-
-/etc/hosts.deny contains the following line:
-
-
-ALL: ALL
-
-
-You would normally want to allow yourself, so add the following
-line to
-
-/etc/hosts.allow:
-
-
-ALL: LOCAL
-
-
-Or if you insist:
-
-
-ALL: 127...1
-
-
-For the following, note that it is meant for those connected via
-PPP and with a dynamic IP address. If you
-have the benefit of a fixed connection, there will be some
-differences.
-
-
-It is nice to have a name connected to the machine, a name that
-the dynamic IP user really can select as he or she pleases. Put
-the name in
-
-/etc/HOSTNAME:
-
-
-roderick
-
-
-
-
-The next step is to set up the name server in
-
-/etc/resolv.conf:
-
-
-search .
-nameserver 193.212.1.
-<nidx>nameserver
-
-
-The name server must be specified by a numeric IP
-address, and will be different from ISP to ISP. If required, you
-can have up to three different servers, each on a separate line.
-They will be requested in the sequence in which they are listed.
-
-
-If you want to be able to use names like somemachine as
-an abbreviation for somemachine.acme.xz, you must
-replace the first line with:
-
-
-search acme.xz
-
-
-
-
-
-A certain minimum of configuration will also be required in
-
-/etc/hosts. Most users will
-be able to manage with:
-
-
-127...1 localhost
-...0 roderick
-
-
-
-Those with a fixed IP-address will
-obviously replace ...0 with that.
-
-
-Likewise, a minimum
-
-/etc/networks is:
-
-
-loopback 127...
-localnet ...
-
-
-
-
-
-
-You should also set your external mail domain in
-
-/etc/mailname:
-
-
-acme.xz
-
-
-
-
-The username and password at the ISP must be specified in
-
-/etc/ppp/pap-secrets
-
-
-dirk * !PrettySecret
-
-
-
-
-For those ISPs using CHAP instead of PAP
-the filename is
-
-/etc/ppp/chap-secrets.
-
-
-Finally, the nitty gritty regarding the connection procedure
-itself must be specified before PPP can be initiated. This is
-done in
-
-/etc/ppp/chatscript:
-
-
-TIMEOUT 5
-"" ATZ
-OK ATDT12345678
-ABORT "NO CARRIER"
-ABORT BUSY
-ABORT "NO DIALTONE"
-ABORT WAITING
-TIMEOUT 45
-CONNECT ""
-TIMEOUT 5
-"name:" ppp
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-Details here may have to be tuned somewhat. The phone number in
-the third line must of course be set as required. Some users may
-need to replace the ATZ modem initialization string with
-something more tailored for the modem being used. The last line
-specifies that one is expecting a prompt that ends with
-name:, and that the response should be
-ppp when it arrives. Other systems may have
-other login procedures.
-
-
-To actually initiate a call, the PPP protocol may be
-initiated by issuing the following command:
-
-
-exec pppd connect \
-'chat -v -f /etc/ppp/chatscript' \
--detach crtscts modem defaultroute \
-user dirk \
-/dev/modem 38400
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-We should now be on-air, and stay up
-until the program is killed by typing a ctrl-C.
-
-Any messages concerning the connection will be appended
-to the system logs. To read them, try:
-
-
-tail /var/adm/messages
-
-
-
-
-or
-
-
-dmesg
-
-
-
-
-
-As long as PPP is up, you will have direct access to the
-Internet and may use programs like ftp,
-ncftp, rlogin, telnet,
-finger etc. All these programs should be part of
-the network package.
-
-
-Further information concerning PPP is also available from:
-
-
-
-/usr/lib/ppp/README.linux
-
-
-
-/usr/lib/ppp/README.linux-chat
-
-
-Finally, an additional word about security The file
-
-/etc/inetd.conf lists
-all services that your machine will offer externally. With the
-
-/etc/hosts.deny file we
-have made, no external access will be allowed. For those who
-need it, access must be allowed explicitly in
-
-/etc/hosts.allow.
-Local traffic may be allowed by:
-
-
-ALL: LOCAL
-
-
-See also man 5 hosts_access.
-
-
-
-A final minor issue: A certain confusion exists regarding the
-names of the POP protocols. A definition in
-
-/etc/services compatible
-with just about everything is:
-
-
-pop2 109/tcp pop-2 # !PostOffice V.2
-pop3 110/tcp pop-3 pop # !PostOffice V.3
-
-
-
-
-__ALT:__ Instead of
-
-chatscript, one might use the much more flexible
-
-dip. But not in connection with
-
-diald.
-
-
-__ALT:__ Those fortunate enough to have a permanent
-TCP/IP connection via e.g. an Ethernet may
-safely ignore anything about PPP and rather start
-concentrating about setting up their network card.
-
-
-__ALT:__ Others may not have the possibility of using PPP,
-but may be able to use SLIP instead, for which there
-is support in much the same manner as for PPP. Another
-possibility is UUCP Others again may have to rely on
-exchange of news and email be means of SOUP A
-description for the latter case may be found in:
-
-
-
-ftp://ftp.sol.no/user/bjorn/Linux-offline.tgz
-
-
-The TERM program is also an option. Refer to the
-''Term-HOWTO''.
-
-
-
-----
-
-!!3. How do I ''surf''?
-
-
-If you think that text is the most important, you might want to
-use the Lynx web browser. It is available from:
-
-
-
-ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/Network/info-systems/lynx-2.3.bin2.tar.gz
-
-
-If you have installed the X window system, you can
-also use one of the many graphical browsers. Chimera
-may be found at:
-
-
-
-ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/Network/info-systems/chimera-1.65.bin.ELF.tar.gz
-
-
-
-http://www.unlv.edu/chimera/
-
-
-Mosaic
-
-
-
-ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/Network/info-systems/Mosaic-2.7b1-aout.tgz
-
-
-
-ftp://ftp.NCSA.uiuc.edu/Web/Mosaic/Unix/binaries/2.6
-
-
-Netscape (aka. Mozilla
-
-
-
-ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/Network/info-systems/netscape-v11b3.tar.gz
-
-
-
-ftp://ftp.cs.uit.no/pub/www/netscape
-
-
-These browsers are constantly available in new and in various
-ways ''exciting'' versions.
-
-
-Use and evaluation of these programs is subject to certain terms.
-Please observe them.
-
-
-
-----
-
-!!4. How do I send and receive email
-
-
-First of all, ensure that
-
-sendmail is installed. Sendmail sorts internal and
-out-bound mail, and will buffer out-bound mail until such time it
-is possible to forward it.
-
-
-Sendmail is based on a configuration found in
-
-/etc/sendmail.cf. An
-example suitable for ISP users can be found in:
-
-
-
-ftp://ftp.sol.no/user/egilk/sendmail.cf
-This is based on
-
-procmail as a
-delivery agent but may easily be changed to use
-
-deliver.
-
-
-It is if course required to have an __official__ domain
-address for out-bound mail, something which is specified in
-
-sendmail.cf:
-
-
-# who I masquerade as (null for no masquerading)
-DMacme.xz
-
-
-
-
-This assumes that you
-have the same user name locally as you have at your ISP. If it is
-different, just specify the full name instead:
-
-
-DMdick@acme.xz
-
-
-Sendmail is now configured for sending __directly__ to the
-recipient. To avoid long and repeated connections in those cases
-where the connection to the receiving end is slow and irregular,
-is is usually nice to use ones ISP as a buffer store. This can
-be specified by the DS specification:
-
-
-# "Smart" relay host (may be null)
-DSmail.acme.xz
-
-
-Beware that sendmail is somewhat sensitive to handling of tab
-stop characters in
-
-sendmail.cf. You might want to use the
-
-vi editor to ensure that these tab
-characters are retained unchanged.
-
-
-Email reception can often be performed via the POP3
-protocol, which can be initiated every time the connection is
-brought up. A script for testing this is:
-
-
-sendmail -q
-popclient -3 -v mail.acme.xz -u dirk -p "!PrettySecret" \
--k -o /usr/spool/mail/dirk
-
-
-
-This script may be started after PPP
-connection has been established. Beware that this script is just
-for testing, so ensure that the local mailbox is left untouched
-while it runs. The -k option means that the mail is
-__kept__ in the ISP mailbox, and you are simply given a copy
-of the mail. You would of course want to remove this option once
-you are confident that your setup is working.
-
-
-Beware that the password will show on the command line. Also
-note that popclient is getting old fashioned, and that you should
-consider using
-
-fetchmail
-instead.
-
-
-A more secure and better version of this script may be found at:
-
-
-
-ftp://ftp.sol.no/user/egilk/pop-script.tar.gz
-
-
-This version of the script requires that
-
-procmail is installed, but that is something you'll
-never regret anyway. Most distributions include it, otherwise you
-may try:
-
-
-
-ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/Mail/mailhandlers/procmail-3.10-2.tar.gz
-
-
-Procmail is a simple and flexible tool that can sort incoming
-email based on a large range of criteria. In addition to being
-able to handle automated tasks like vacation messages
-and such.
-
-
-Note that when we use procmail directly as in this case, the
-situation is somewhat different from what is described in the
-procmail documentation. A .forward is __not__
-required, and we also don't need a .procmailrc. The
-latter is only required if we want to sort the mail.
-
-
-The user interface for reading and sending of email can be found
-in programs like
-
-pine or
-
-elm.
-
-
-__ALT:__ Fetchmail has recently become an
-improved alternative to popclient. The latest version is
-available from:
-
-
-
-ftp://ftp.ccil.org/pub/esr/fetchmail/fetchmail-3.3.tar.gz
-
-
-__ALT:__ For an ordinary dial-up ISP user it is not really
-necessary to have the sendmail daemon
-active. To reduce resource usage, and possibly other problems,
-one may thus comment out any startup of sendmail, as is usually
-found in /etc/rc.d/rc.M (this varies from
-distribution to distribution).
-
-
-__ALT:__ In place of sendmail one might use the simpler
-
-smail. You'll find a good
-description of it (as well as most other things mentioned here)
-in the ''Linux Network Administrator's Guide''.
-
-
-__ALT:__ There is also an m4 macro package for
-making a fresh
-
-/etc/sendmail.cf. For a simple installation it
-might be just as well to modify an existing configuration.
-
-
-__ALT:__ There are also simpler although less flexible
-alternatives for handling email. Pine may run
-stand-alone as long as it is configured properly, for instance.
-It might even be possible to use newer versions of some
-web-browsers.
-
-
-__ALT:__ Many are very enthusiastic regarding the Emacs
-companion Gnus as an email and news handler. Further
-information can be found at:
-
-
-
-http://www.ifi.uio.no/~larsi/
-
-
-__ALT:__ An alternative to popclient is
-pop-perl5. It is available from:
-
-
-
-ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/System/Mail/pop-perl5-1.1.tar.gz
-
-
-
-----
-
-!!5. News
-
-!!5.1 How do I set up an online news-reader?
-
-
-
-
-
-As long as PPP is active, it will be
-possible to read news __online__. There are lots
-of available programs, two simple alternatives being
-
-rtin and
-
-trn.
-
-
-To start reading news, the only thing required in terms of
-configuration in most cases is to set NNTPSERVER
-(usually once and for all in the file
-
-.profile):
-
-
-export NNTPSERVER=news.acme.xz
-
-
-
-
-To get the ''From''-address correct in postings, some
-programs ''may'' require:
-
-
-export NNTP_INEWS_DOMAIN=acme.xz
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-!!5.2 How do I set up an offline news-reader?
-
-
-
-
-
-To be able to read news while
-offline and thus reduce phone bills and give greater
-flexibility, one must set up a local news-spool of one
-sort or the other. This requires some configuration, and there
-will also be a certain amount of disk space involved. After
-initial setup, things should run more or less by themselves, with
-only some attention needed from time to time.
-
-
-Two different solutions will be described here.
-
-
-
-
-!!5.3 How do I set up C News?
-
-
-
-The solution described here is based on the news-server
-__C News__ and the NNTP protocol.
-C News was originally targeted towards another sort of
-configuration, but is flexible enough to handle our situation
-too. One might also use the more recent __INN__
-news server but it might require a bit more in terms
-of resources. Either way, be careful __not__ to install
-both; they don't live together easily.
-
-
-It is crucial that all maintenance of news is done while logged
-in as user news, and that all configuration
-files is placed in
-
-/usr/lib/news. One way of handling this is, while
-logged in as root to write su news;
-cd.
-
-
-The most important files in the configuration are:
-
-
-
-
-
-*
-
-active is an overview
-over active newsgroups. It is updated as required by the command
-
-addgroup, e.g. addgroup
-comp.os.linux.networking y.
-*
-
-*
-
-organization should
-simply contain whatever you want in the ''Organization:''
-header field, in our case:
-*
-
-
-
-Dirk Gently's Holistic Detective Agency
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-*
-
-mailname should in our
-case be set to acme.xz.
-*
-
-*
-
-whoami is set to the name
-of your site in the Path: thread.
-In a setup as described here, using
-
-newsx, this name will never leave the machine, so
-you can set this to whatever you like as long as you are pretty
-sure it is unique. In this case roderick.
-*
-
-* The file
-
-sys controls
-fetching and further distribution of news. We will assume the
-ISP in our case adds acme.xz to the Path, and that this
-is the only news source we have. The example given really tells
-that we will accept everything that arrives, and that we will
-only post news to acme.xz that it hasn't seen before,
-and is originally posted at our own site. In this simplified
-setup we assume that the all groups will come from a single
-source. /all specifies the distribution, and
-__must__ be included. The letter F says
-that (pointers to) outgoing news articles will be collected in a
-file.
-*
-
-
-
-ME:all/all::
-acme/acme.xz:all,!junk/all:FL:
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-* A subdirectory for the outgoing news must be created, in
-our case:
-*
-
-
-
-mkdir /var/spool/news/out.going/acme
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-*
-
-mailpaths controls
-posting in moderated groups, although this task may usually be
-left to the ISP.
-*
-
-
-
-C News needs a certain degree of daily maintenance, but this can
-be specified once and for all via the command crontab -e
-
-issued as user news. A suggested
-setup follows; it can be tuned as required:
-
-
-# maintain incoming and outgoing batches
-10,40 * * * * /usr/lib/newsbin/input/newsrun
-# expire C News, once a day
-30 0 * * * /usr/lib/newsbin/expire/doexpire
-# monitor and report if needed
-00 2 * * sat /usr/lib/newsbin/maint/addmissing
-40 3 * * * /usr/lib/newsbin/maint/newswatch
-50 3 * * * /usr/lib/newsbin/maint/newsdaily
-
-
-
-newsrun moves articles in and
-out (twice every hour),
-
-doexpire will delete articles as they get old (every
-night at 00:30), and the three last commands does various
-supervisory and error correcting tasks.
-
-
-One should also ensure that things are cleaned up when starting
-the machine. As user root, add the following line to
-/etc/rc.d/rc.local:
-
-
-su news -c /usr/lib/newsbin/maint/newsboot
-
-
-News may be collected via the program __NewsX__,
-
-picking news from an NNTP-server
-The program can be found at:
-
-
-
-ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/news/transport/newsx-.9.tar.gz
-Or:
-
-
-
-ftp://ftp.sol.no/user/egilk/newsx-.9.tar.gz
-
-
-Setting up NewsX is quite simple.
-Installation is a classic case of:
-
-
-make
-su
-make install
-exit
-
-
-
-
-With the setup outlined here, all you have to do is to create the
-groups you want to read using the
-
-addgroup command.
-
-
-To fetch articles, user news issues the
-following commands (assuming communication via PPP or similar is
-up):
-
-
-newsrun
-newsx acme news.acme.xz
-newsrun
-
-
-
-
-
-The option -d gives continuous printout to the screen.
-Refer to the NewsX documentation for further information.
-
-
-NewsX will also take care of posting of outgoing news.
-
-
-To control disposal of articles as they get old, a file
-explist is required. The comments in this
-example should explain what we want to do:
-
-
-# hold onto history lines 14 days, nobody gets >120 days
-/expired/ x 14 -
-/bounds/ x -1-120 -
-# retain these for 2 months
-comp.sources,comp.os.linux.all x 60 -
-# noise gets thrown away fast
-junk,control x 2 -
-# default: 14 days, no archive
-all x 14 -
-
-
-
-
-__ALT:__ In a small news-spool, one will usually not need
-the newsgroup control. The traffic is __huge__
-compared to the possible usefulness. The main point is that
-articles will be canceled, and that groups may be created
-automatically. To ensure that control messages containing
-newgroup not shall mess up things for us, a file called
-
-newgroupperm specifies
-what we will allow:
-
-
-comp.os.linux tale@uunet.com yv
-all any nq
-
-
-In this example, all proper groups under comp.os.linux will be
-created (y), and the user news will be notified (v).
-Everything else will be silently (q) ignored (n). The last line
-is sufficient if you want to create all groups manually.
-
-
-__ALT:__ An alternative to NewsX is suck.
-
-
-
-
-!!5.4 How do I set up Leafnode?
-
-
-
-A different solution altogether is to install the integrated
-package
-
-leafnode. This will
-handle all tasks required for a personal news spool, and is easy
-to configure. It is available via:
-
-
-
-http://www.troll.no/freebies/leafnode.html
-
-
-As for C News, all news maintenance really should be performed as
-user news.
-
-
-The home directory for leafnode is in
-/usr/lib/leafnode. To install, write:
-
-
-cd /usr/lib/leafnode
-tar -xzvf leafnode-.8.tgz
-cd leafnode-.8
-make
-su
-make install
-
-
-
-
-Note in the following that the prefix
-/usr/local/sbin should be replaced with
-/usr/sbin if you installed leafnode from a package.
-
-
-While still being logged in as root, change the line
-that controls NNTP in
-
-/etc/inetd.conf:
-
-
-nntp stream tcp nowait news /usr/sbin/tcpd /usr/local/sbin/leafnode
-
-
-Activate it by:
-
-
-killall -HUP inetd
-
-
-
-
-Return to user news by writing exit. In
-
-/usr/lib/leafnode/config change the line that
-defines the NNTP server. In our case:
-
-
-server = news.acme.xz
-
-
-
-
-Leafnode will look after itself by adding the following command
-via crontab -e as user news:
-
-
-# expire Leafnode, once a day
-0 4 * * * /usr/local/sbin/texpire
-
-
-
-
-
-News exchange is also done as user news by the following
-command (assuming PPP is up and running):
-
-
-/usr/local/sbin/fetch
-
-
-
-
-
-Users who wants to read news should then use the recipe in
-''How do I set up an online news-reader?'', except that they
-configure for the local machine, i.e:
-
-
-export NNTPSERVER=localhost
-
-
-
-
-That should be all there is to it. The first
-fetch will transfer a list of available
-newsgroups. Leafnode will then monitor what groups the users are
-requesting, and adapt to this the __next__ time it is
-activated.
-
-
-Note that leafnode does not seems to work in cases where NNTP
-authorization is required. +.LP
-
-
-__ALT:__ An alternative to leafnode is
-nntpcache, available from:
-
-
-
-ftp://ftp.suburbia.net/pub/nntpcache/nntpcache.tgz
-__ALT:__ Another alternative is to use the newsreader
-
-slrn together with the
-
-slrn-pull package. The newsreader must
-be compiled with the spool feature set.
-
-
-
-----
-
-!!6. How do I automate the connection procedure?
-
-
-Automated handling of news and email is quite easy to implement
-in Linux.
-
-
-First and foremost one should make a
-
-/usr/lib/ppp/ppp-on
-that initiates the ISP connection. Often, this file will simply
-contain the following:
-
-
-/usr/sbin/pppd
-
-
-
-Further specification will be performed in
-
-/etc/ppp/options:
-
-
-connect "/usr/lib/ppp/chat -v -f /etc/ppp/chatscript"
-crtscts
-modem
-defaultroute
-asyncmap 00000000
-user dirk
-/dev/modem 38400
-
-
-
-
-To end a connection, use the supplied version of
-
-/usr/lib/ppp/ppp-off.
-
-
-Having tested the functionality of these two scripts, one must
-then write scripts that perform the various tasks. The script to
-collect email has been described before, and we will here assume
-it is located at /home/dirk/pop.
-
-
-A script for exchange of email can then be produced in
-/root/mail:
-
-
-#! /bin/sh
-#
-# exchange mail
-# 10 minutes timeout:
-TIMEOUT=600
-DT=10
-# kick sendmail:
-sendmail -q &
-# retrieve mail:
-su dirk -c /home/dirk/pop
-# wait for sendmail to terminate:
-t=
-while ! mailq | grep -q "Mail queue is empty"; do
-t=$
[[$t+$DT
]
-if [[ $t -gt $TIMEOUT ] ; then
-echo "sendmail -q timeout ($TIMEOUT).."
-exit 1
-fi
-sleep $DT
-done
-exit
-
-
-
-
-The script to exchange news may be placed in
-/usr/lib/news/news:
-
-
-#!/bin/sh
-#
-# exchange news
-# must be run as news:
-cd /usr/lib/news
-#update the outgoing batch (C News):
-/usr/lib/newsbin/input/newsrun < /dev/null
-#exchange news:
-/usr/lib/newsbin/newsx acme news.acme.xz
-#and flush the incoming batch:
-/usr/lib/newsbin/input/newsrun < /dev/null
-
-
-A script to connect the various bits and pieces remains, and can
-be placed in /root/news+mail:
-
-
-#!/bin/sh
-#
-# exchange news and email
-# must be run as root
-#
-if ! /usr/lib/ppp/ppp-on; then
-exit 1
-fi
-trap "/usr/lib/ppp/ppp-off" 1 2 3 15
-#exchange news+mail:
-/root/mail &
-su news -c ~news/news
-wait
-#disconnect..
-/usr/lib/ppp/ppp-off
-#update the incoming batch (C News):
-su news -c /usr/lib/newsbin/input/newsrun < /dev/null &
-exit
-
-
-
-
-It is quite easy to make an extension to the above that only will
-establish a connection if outgoing email and news is present.
-Lets call it
-
-/root/news+mail.cond, and keep in mind that the name
-of the outgoing news-spool must be updated to suit:
-
-
-#!/bin/sh
-#
-# exchange news and email, only if outgoing news or mail
-# (C News spool)
-if [[ -s /var/spool/news/out.going/acme/togo ] ||
-! ( mailq | grep -q "Mail queue is empty"); then
-/root/news+mail
-fi
-
-
-
-
-The only thing remaining is to specify when all this is going to
-happen. This is done using the command crontab -e
-
-as root. Let us assume that we always want
-to exchange news and mail at 07:00 in the morning, and after that
-every 4th hour assuming there are outgoing email and news:
-
-
-00 7 * * * /root/news+mail
-00 11,15,19,23 * * * /root/news+mail.cond
-
-
-Ensure that every component is tested well before you connect
-them together. One may later add several other tasks, such as
-adjustment of the time of day (using
-
-ntpdate), and automatic update (mirroring) of
-locally maintained WWW and FTP files up to the ISP (using make
-and ftp).
-
-
-__ALT:__ Depending on ones preferences, it is also possible
-to turn the process upside down. Every time a PPP link is
-initiated, the script
-
-/etc/ppp/ip-up will be started. One may
here add
-whatever magic is required to start exchange of email and news.
-See man pppd for further detail.
-
-
-__ALT:__ It is also possible to automatically connect PPP
-whenever network traffic is detected. This is in many ways the
-more elegant solution, but it is quite dependent on a good
-configuration to avoid frequent (and costly) connections being
-made. More information can be found at:
-
-
-
-http://www.dna.lth.se/~erics/diald.html
-
-
-The diald utility is available from:
-
-
-
-ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/network/serial/diald-.16.tar.gz
-
-
-At the same location one will also find other variations on the
-theme PPP connections.
-
-
-
-----
-
-!!7. Final words
-
-!!7.1 Other things I should know about?
-
-
-
-
-
-
-* Various error messages in the system will normally be
-issued as internal email. To ensure that these will actually be
-read, one should create an
-
-/etc/aliases. Remember the command
-newaliases every time you change this. An
-example that should cover most eventualities is:
-*
-
-
-
-!PostMaster: root
-ftp: root
-news: root
-usenet: root
-!FaxMaster: root
-fax: root
-!WebMaster: root
-MAILER.DAEMON: root
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-* Many programs for Linux may be found at __Sunsite__,
-
-which is usually quite busy. But there are
-many mirrors and every time there is a reference to
-ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/.. one should try to
-use a mirror close to home, e.g.
-ftp://ftp.nvg.unit.no/pub/linux/sunsite/...
-*
-
-* If you happen to be migrating from Yarn it
-should be possible to convert these to standard folders using the
-yarn2mf available at:
-*
-
-
-
-
-ftp://ftp.sol.no/user/egilk/yarn2mf.zip
-
-
-
-----
-
-!!8. ISP specific information
-
-
-More specific information for certain ISPs is available from a
-variety of sources:
-
-
-__Demon Internet__
-
-
-
-ftp://ftp.demon.co.uk/pub/unix/linux/Demon/slack3..help.tgz
-
-
-__Netcom__
-
-
-
-http://www.netcom.com/bin/webtech/!NetCruiser/Operating_Systems/Linux/linux.cfg.html
-
-
-__!PowerTech, Telenor Online, Telia__
-
-
-
-
-
-
-http://www.kvaleberg.com/no-isp.html
-
-
-__Stanford__
-
-
-
-http://www-leland.stanford.edu/~wkn/Linux/network/network.html
-
-
-__MCI__
-
-
-
-http://www.kvaleberg.com/linux-mci.html
-
-
-__SISCOM__
-
-
-
-http://www.siscom.net/support/linux_setup.htm
-
-
-__AOL__ is not possible since AOL uses a proprietary
-protocol.
-
-
-If you can supply ISP specific information not listed here,
-please get in touch.
-
-
-
-
-!!8.1 How do I learn more?
-
-
-
-The Linux Documentation Project book called Linux
-Network Administrator's Guide by Olaf Kirch is pretty
-mandatory for anyone that will set up and maintain anything
-involving TCP/IP and Internet
-
-
-
-ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/linux-doc-project/network-guide/nag-1..ascii.tar.gz
-
-
-The documentation that follows each software package will
-normally give you all the detailed information you need, if not
-always the overview. The man-pages will be the first place to
-look. Try for instance:
-
-
-man pppd
-
-
-
-
-You will also find some documentation about certain programs in
-the
-
-/usr/doc tree, although
-this is not always well structured.
-
-
-The following HOWTOs will be highly relevant:
-
-
-
-
-
-* __Installation-HOWTO__ will get the basics
-sorted.
-*
-
-* __NET-2-HOWTO__ is a very thorough
-description of installation and setup of the NET code. Much of
-this should already have been done if you use a standard Linux
-distribution (e.g. Slackware, Red Hat, Debian). But many
-sections on setup and troubleshooting will be very worthwhile.
-*
-
-* __Mail-HOWTO__ explains how to configure
-various tools. Again, much of this will already have been done
-for you when you install a standard Linux distribution.
-*
-
-* __News-HOWTO__ is for setting up a
-(conventional) news spool.
-*
-
-* __Tiny-News__ covers yet another
-alternative for collecting news.
-*
-
-* __PPP-HOWTO__ is a good description of
-problems you may encounter when setting up a PPP connection.
-*
-
-* __Serial-HOWTO__ contains everything you
-need to know about setting up serial ports.
-*
-
-* __Mail-Queue__ tells you how to send up
-''sendmail'' to always queue remote mail but deliver local
-mail at once.
-*
-
-
-
-Red Hat has a mailing list for PPP issues; to join
-send an email to
-
-
-
-redhat-ppp-list-request
-with the subject line
-
-
-subscribe
-
-
-
-
-
-
-!!8.2 Thanks to
-
-
-
-Information here is collected from many sources. Thanks to the
-following that either indirectly or directly have contributed:
-
-
-Adam Holt <holt@graphics.lcs.mit.edu>
-Arne Coucheron <arneco@oslonett.no>
-Arne Riiber <riiber@oslonett.no>
-Arnt Gulbrandsen <agulbra@troll.no>
-Bjorn Steensrud <bjornst@powertech.no>
-Gisle Hannemyr <gisle@a.sn.no>
-Hans Amund Rosbach <haro@sesam.dnv.no>
-Hans Peter Verne <hpv@ulrik.uio.no>
-Harald T Alvestrand <Harald.T.Alvestrand@uninett.no>
-Harald Terkelsen <Harald.Terkelsen@adm.hioslo.no>
-Haavard Engum <hobbes@interlink.no>
-James Youngman <JYoungman@vggas.com>
-Johan S. Seland <johanss@sn.no>
-John Phillips <john@linux.demon.co.uk>
-Jorn Lokoy <jorn@oslonett.no>
-Kenneth Tjostheim <kenneth.tjostheim@asplanviak.no>
-Kjell M. Myksvoll <kjell.myksvoll@fou.telenor.no>
-Kjetil T. Homme <kjetilho@math.uio.no>
-Michael Meissner <meissner@cygnus.com>
-N J Bailey <N.J.Bailey@leeds.ac.uk>
-Nicolai Langfeldt <janl@math.uio.no>
-Ove Ruben R Olsen <Ove.R.Olsen@ub.uib.no>
-R. Bardarson <ronb@powernet.net>
-Steinar Fremme <steinar@fremme.no>
-Sverre H. Huseby <sverrehu@ifi.uio.no>
-Trond Eivind Glomsrod <teg@stud.imf.unit.no>
-Tommy Larsen <tommy@mix.hive.no>
-Yves Bellefeuille <yan@storm
.ca>
-
-
-
-
-
-----
+Describe
[HowToISPHookupHOWTO
] here.
