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-Linux Accessibility HOWTO
-!!!Linux Accessibility HOWTO
-!Michael De La Rue
-!Sharon Snider
-
-v3., 2001
-
-
-__Revision History__Revision v3.02001-10-25Revised by: sdsUpdated and converted to !DocBook SGML.Revision v2.111997-03-28Revised by: mdlrLast Linuxdoc revision.
-
-
-
-
-
-The Linux Accessibility HOWTO covers the use of adaptive technologies that are available for the Linux operating
-system, as well as the software applications and hardware devices that can be installed to make Linux accessible to users with
-disabilities. The information provided targets specific groups of individuals with similar disabilities.
-
-
-
-
-
-----; __Table of Contents__; 1. Introduction: ; 1.1. Distribution Policy; 2. The Linux Operating System: ; 2.1. Assistive Technologies Available for Linux; 2.2. Usability; 3. Visual Impairments: ; 3.1. Technologies for the Visually Impaired; 4. Hearing Impaired: ; 4.1. Assistive Technologies for the Hearing Impaired; 5. Physically Disabled: ; 5.1. Keyboard Navigation; 5.2. Assistive Technologies for the Physically Disabled; 5.3. Additional Resources; 6. Cognitive, Language, and Other Impairments: ; 6.1. Assistive Technologies for Cognitive, Language and Other Impairments; 7. Developing Accessible Applications; 8. Other Helpful Information; 9. Acknowledgments----
-!!!1. Introduction
-
-The purpose of this HOWTO is to introduce the tools, applications, and configuration utilities that are available to
-Linux users who are disabled. The information provided targets groups of individuals with the following disabilities:
-
-
-
-
-
-
-*
-
-__Visually Impaired__
-
-
-*
-*
-
-__Hearing Impaired__
-
-
-*
-*
-
-__Physically Disabled__
-
-
-*
-*
-
-__Cognitive, Language, and Other
-Impairments__
-
-
-*
-
-Please send any comments, or contributions via e-mail to Sharon Snider.
-This document will be updated regularly with new contributions and suggestions.
-
-----
-!!1.1. Distribution Policy
-
-The Access-HOWTO is copyrighted (c) 1996 by Michael De La Rue
-
-
-
-The Access-HOWTO may be distributed, at your choice, under either the terms of the GNU Public License version 2 or later or
-the standard Linux Documentation Project (LDP) terms. These licenses should be available from the LDP Web site:
-http://www.linuxdoc.org/docs.html. Please note that since the LDP terms do not allow modification (other
-than translation), modified versions can be assumed to be distributed under the GPL.
-
-
-
-!ViaVoiceŽ is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corporation.
-
-----
-!!!2. The Linux Operating System
-
-The Linux operating system has many software applications and utilities that run in the non-graphical environment. The
-graphical user interface (GUI), which is often referred to as X Windows, is clearly separate from the underlying
-non-graphical, text-only environment. One major reason that a visually impaired individual can use Linux is that network
-connectivity is built in to the operating system and provides full access to the Internet from the non-graphical interface.
-All visible text on the screen can be translated using a screen reader and speech synthesizer.
-
-
-
-Over the past few years many improvements have been made to the GUI, and many of the desktops now
-provide features and enhancements designed for accessibility. In the following sections you will find information on the tools,
-utilities, and applications that are available to assist users in configuring their desktop environment.
-
-----
-!!2.1. Assistive Technologies Available for Linux
-
-Assistive technologies are computer hardware devices and software applications that provide individuals with impairments
-access to the information and applications on a computer. Although there are not many commercial applications available
-specifically for Linux accessibility, there are free software applications that can make the computer more accessible.
-Detailed information on assistive technologies that are available has been listed in this document based on the type of
-disability.
-
-----
-!!2.2. Usability
-
-Linux has the advantage over Windows that a large majority of Linux software has been developed for the console. Although
-many programs are now being developed for the GUI, programs continue to be written for the non-graphical,
-text-based environment. Linux originated as a programmer's operating system and, for the physically disabled, this means that it
-is easy to build and customize programs to suit an individual's needs.
-
-
-
-The windowing system used by Linux (X11) includes many programming tools that enable further modification and customization
-of the GUI. KDE and GNOME have included many accessibility and usability features in their latest
-releases and are continuing to test, upgrade, and enhance the graphical environment. The following are links to KDE and GNOME's
-accessibility and usability projects:
-
-
-
-
-
-
-*
-
-KDE Accessibility Project - http://accessibility.kde.org/.
-
-
-*
-*
-
-GNOME Accessibility Project - http://developer.gnome.org/projects/gap/.
-
-
-*
-*
-
-KDE Usability Project - http://usability.kde.org/.
-
-
-*
-*
-
-GNOME Usability Project - http://developer.gnome.org/projects/gup/.
-
-
-*----
-!!!3. Visual Impairments
-
-There are two categories of visual impairments. Individuals who are partially sighted (for example, blurred vision, near
-and far-sightedness, color blindness) and those who are totally blind. Assistive technologies are available for the Linux
-operating system for visually impaired users, and many of the software packages are free.
-
-----
-!!3.1. Technologies for the Visually Impaired
-
-The following is a list of assistive technologies for visually impaired users:
-
-----
-!3.1.1. Screen Readers
-
-Screen readers are software applications that are installed on the computer to provide translation of the information
-on the computer screen to an audio output format. The translation is passed to the speech synthesizer and the words are spoken
-out loud. Currently, fully functional screen readers are only available for Linux in console mode. This section describes some of
-the most common screen readers.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-*
-
-__Emacspeak __is the complete Audio Desktop is an excellent non-graphical, text
-based interface for users who are visually
-impaired. This application can be used as a screen reader in conjunction with a hardware synthesizer or IBM !ViaVoiceŽ
-Run-time text-to-speech application. More information and software packages of are available at:
-http://www.cs.cornell.edu/home/raman/emacspeak/. The Emacspeak HOWTO
-http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/ includes a tutorial and
-installation guide.
-
-
-
-*
-*
-
-__Jupiter Speech System __is a screen reader for Linux in console mode. A user guide
-and software packages are available at:
-http://www.eklhad.net/linux/jupiter/.
-
-
-*
-*
-
-__Screader __is a screen reader for Linux in console mode that works with the
-Festival software speech synthesizer and the Accent hardware synthesizer. Information and downloads are available at:
-http://www.euronet.nl/~acj/eng-screader.html.
-
-
-*
-*
-
-__Speaker __is a new plugin for the Konqueror file manager and Web browser.
-Speaker provides Text to Speech using the Festival speech system or IBM !ViaVoice. Downloads are available at:
-http://dogma.freebsd-uk.eu.org/~grrussel/speaker.html.
-
-
-*
-*
-
-__Speakup __ is a screen review package for the Linux operating system. It requires
-a hardware speech synthesizer, such as the !DecTalk Express. An installation boot disk and packages are available at: http://www.linux-speakup.org/ that allow a
-visually impaired user to install the Linux operating system.
-
-
-*
-*
-
-__!ZipSpeak __is a talking mini-distribution of Linux.
-More information and software packages are available at:
-http://www.linux-speakup.org/zipspeak.html.
-
-
-*----
-!3.1.2. Speech Synthesizers
-
-Speech synthesizers can be a hardware device or a text to speech (TTS) software application that creates the sounds
-necessary to provide speech output. Hardware synthesizers are available for the Linux operating system; however, they can
-be very expensive and must be compatible with the screen reader application in order to function properly. The alternative is to
-download and install a software synthesizer such as IBM's !ViaVoice or Festival and configure the application to a compatible
-screen reader, such as Emacspeak.
-
-----__3.1.2.1. Hardware Speech Synthesizers__
-
-A hardware speech synthesizer is a device that is connected to the computer's serial or parallel port and translates the
-text to a spoken output. Normally there are Braille labels on all controls to indicate the off and on position, and volume
-control. Hardware synthesizers also have the ability to speak in different tones that can be setup to indicate various parts of a
-document or text. Some models will provide a connection for headphones. The following is a list of speech
-synthesizers that are supported on the Linux operating system and can be used with Emacspeak:
-
-
-
-
-
-
-*
-
-__Accent SA and Apollo 2 __(http://polio.dyndns.org/chip/vss.html)
-
-
-
-*
-*
-
-__DECTalk Express __(http://www.4access.com/synthesizers.asp)
-
-
-*
-*
-
-__!DoubleTalk __(http://www.rcsys.com)
-
-
-*----__3.1.2.2. Software Speech Synthesizers__
-
- A software speech synthesizer is an application that translates the text on the screen to speech output and provides
-speech synthesis, so that the screen reader application can read information out loud to the user.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-*
-
-__Festival __is a general, multi-lingual speech synthesis system developed at the
-Center for Speech Technology Research (CSTR). It offers a full TTS system with various application program interfaces, as well as
-an environment for development and research of speech synthesis techniques. Mbrola or !FestVox are needed to complete the Festival
-installation. Software packages and installation instructions are available at:
-http://www.cstr.ed.ac.uk/projects/festival/.
-
-
-*
-*
-
-__IBM !ViaVoiceŽ __ is a TTS technology that provides a flexible speech
-synthesis engine. Currently it supports U.S. English only and is available at:
-http://www-4.ibm.com/software/speech/dev/ttssdk_linux.html.
-
-
-*
-*
-
-__Mbrola __is a speech synthesizer that can be used with a TTS application, such
-as, Festival to provide speech output. More information is available at:
-http://tcts.fpms.ac.be/synthesis/mbrola.html.
-
-
-*----
-!3.1.3. Screen Magnifiers
-
-Screen magnifiers enable users that are partially sighted to view selected areas of the screen in a manner similar to using
-a magnifying glass.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-*
-
-__GMag __is a screen magnifier for X Windows. It provides continuous magnification
-while you work, as well as the option to change the contrast of images at run-time. More information and downloads are available
-at:
-http://projects.prosa.it/gmag/.
-
-
-*
-*
-
-__Puff __is a screen magnifier for users who need a high magnification of text and
-graphics
-in X Windows. Puff follows the focus of the mouse or pointer and enlarges the portion of the screen under the cursor. In order
-for Puff to run properly on Linux the source code needs to be modified. This application is not a good option for inexperienced
-users. The software packages and source code modification instructions are available at:
-http://trace.wisc.edu/world/computer_access/unix/unixshare.html.
-
-
-*
-*
-
-__SVGATextmode __ enlarges or reduces the font size for users who perfer to work in
-console
-mode. The normal text screen that Linux provides is 80 characters across and 25 vertically. After SVGATextmode is installed, the
-text can be displayed much larger. One example would be 50 characters across and 15 vertically. The program does not offer the
-ablitity to zoom in and out, but the user can re-size when necessary. The most current download is available at:
-http://freshmeat.net/projects/svgatextmode/.
-Do not run try to run SVGATextmode from an X Windows terminal. You must be in console mode for the display to
-function properly.
-
-
-*
-*
-
-__!UnWindows __is a collection of programs that includes Dynamag, a screen
-magnification program that helps the user locate the mouse pointer. The source code is available for Dynamag as a stand alone
-application, or the entire !UnWindows package can be downloaded at:
-http://www.cs.rpi.edu/pub/unwindows/. The entire !UnWindows package will not work with Linux without
-programming modifications. However, the Dynamag
-application can be installed successfully without any additional code changes.
-
-
-*
-*
-
-__Xzoom __ is a screen magnifier similar to Xmag that allows the user to magnify
-rotate or mirror a portion of the screen. The most current download is available at:
-http://filewatcher.org/sec/xzoom.html.
-
-
-*----
-!3.1.4. Braille Devices
-
-Braille terminals are normally used by individuals who are totally blind and may be hearing impaired as well. A
-Braille display uses a series of pins to form Braille symbols that are continuously updated as the users changes focus.
-A Braille embosser is a hardware device for printing a hard copy of a text document in Braille. Braille translation
-software is required to translate the on-screen text to a Braille format.
-
-----__3.1.4.1. Braille Hardware Devices__
-
- The following Braille devices have been listed on the hardware compatibility list of one or more of the following Braille
-translation applications:
-
-
-
-
-
-
-*
-
-__Braillex __
-http://www.redhat.com/mailing-lists/blinux-announce/msg00031.html.
-
-
-*
-*
-
-__Alva B.V.__: ABT3xx, Delphi (serial and parallel ports), Satellite.
-
-.
-
-
-*
-*
-
-__Baum__: Vario/RBT 40/80 (emulation 1/2)
-http://www.baum.de/English/homeeng1.htm.
-
-
-*
-*
-
-__Blazie Engineering__: !BrailleLite 18/40
-http://www.freedomscientific.com/index.html.
-
-
-*
-*
-
-__Handialog__: !VisioBraille 2040
-http://www.handialog.com/indexuk.htm.
-
-
-*
-*
-
-__Handy Tech Elektronik GmbH__: !BrailleWave, mod20, mod40, mod80
-http://www.handytech.de/.
-
-
-*
-*
-
-__MDV__: MB208/MB408L/MB408S (protocol 5)
-http://www.cavazza.it/cnt/schede/scheda-mb408l-eng.html.
-
-
-*
-*
-
-__Pulse Data International__: !BrailleNote 18/32
-http://www.pulsedata.co.nz/graphics.htm.
-
-
-*
-*
-
-__Telesensory Systems Inc.__: Navigator 20/40/80 (latest firmware version only),
-!PowerBraille 40/65/80 http://www.telesensory.com/.
-
-
-*
-*
-
-__Tieman B.V.__: !CombiBraille 25/45/85, !MiniBraille 20, !MultiBraille
-MB125CR/MB145CR/MB185CR
-http://www.braillevoyager.nl/uk/index.html.
-
-
-*
-*
-
-__Tiflosoft__: !VideoBraille 40
-http://www.tinlecco.it/tiflosoft/.
-
-
-*----__3.1.4.2. Braille Translation Software__
-
-The following Braille translation applications are available for download:
-
-
-
-
-
-
-*
-
-__Brass __is a new program that combines speech and Braille output. The current
-version is still in testing and can be downloaded at: http://www.butenuth.onlinehome.de/blinux/.
-
-
-
-*
-*
-
-__BrLTTY __supports a serial port Braille terminal and provides access to the Linux
-console. It drives the terminal and provides complete screen review capabilities. It is available at:
-http://dave.mielke.cc/brltty/.
-
-
-*
-*
-
-__NFBTrans __is a freeware Braille translator written by the National Federation for
-the Blind (NFB). Software packages are available for download at: http://www.nfb.org/nfbtrans.htm.
-
-
-*----
-!3.1.5. Cursors for X Windows
-
-Changing the shape and size of the mouse cursor can help users who have a problem following or seeing the cursor. The
-X Big Cursor mini HOWTO explains how to configure enlarged mouse cursors with the X Windows system. This HOWTO is available at:
-http://www.icewalk.com/doclib/howtos/mini/X-Big-Cursor.html.
-
-
-
-There are also a large select of cursors that can be downloaded at:
-http://themes.tucows.com/cursors.html.
-
-----
-!3.1.6. Audio
-
-Audio can be very useful to users who are visually impaired. In most X Windows desktop environments audio
-alerts and sound events can be setup within the desktop control center by enabling sound and verifying that the option to show
-sound is activated. You will need to check the desktop users manual for setup and configuration of sound events.
-
-
-
-__Locktones __is an excellent application for providing toggle keys that sound an audio
-alert to warn the user that a keystroke has created a locking state such as Cap Locks, or Num Locks. The application can be
-downloaded at:
-http://leb.net/pub/blinux/.
-
-
-
-Linux can also be configured to beep at the login prompt so the user knows when to type in the password. A configuration
-utility can be downloaded and installed that can provide this function at:
-http://leb.net/pub/blinux/bootmeup/.
-
-----
-!3.1.7. Additional Resources
-
-
-
-
-*
-
-__Access Mozilla __ has a goal to build an accessible Web suite: browser, e-mail,
-news, composer and chat that conform to the W3C accessibility standards. More information is available at:
-http://access-mozilla.sourceforge.net/.
-
-
-*
-*
-
-__Blind + Linux = BLINUX __provides documentation, downloads and a mailing
-list that focus on users who are blind. Information and software packages are available at:
-http://leb.net/blinux.
-
-
-*
-*
-
-__!LaTex/Tex __is an extremely powerful document preparation system and it can be
-used to produce large print documents. More information is available at:
-http://www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_toc.html.
-
-
-*
-*
-
-__National Federation for the Blind's (NFB) purpose is to help blind persons achieve
-self-confidence and self-respect and to act as a vehicle for collective self expression by the blind.
-Information for blind users, as well as software are available at: __
-http://www.nfb.org/.
-
-
-*
-*
-
-__Project Ocularis __is run by volunteers, and the project's aim is to improve Linux
-accessibility through the creation of new free software and the modification of pre-existing free software. More information is
-available at:
-http://ocularis.sourceforge.net.
-
-
-*
-*
-
-__Screen __is a standard piece of software that allows many different applications
-to run at the same time on a single terminal in console mode. Screen has been enhanced to support some Braille terminals
-directly. It is available for download at:
-http://www.icewalk.com/softlib/app/app_01508.html.
-
-
-*
-*
-
-__SuSE Linux __is the first Linux distribution to support installation of the
-Linux operating system and applications that run on Linux in Braille. The Blinux screen reader runs in the background to enable
-visually impaired users to work in a Linux console environment. More information is available at:
-http://www.suse.de/us/products/susesoft/70news/new_in_70.html.
-
-
-*
-*
-
-__xocr __is an optical character recognition program that scans written text,
-such as a book
-and translates it to audio output, so the information is available to visually impaired users. More information is
-available at:
-http://sal.unimedya.net.tr/Z/3/XOCR.html.
-
-
-*----
-!!!4. Hearing Impaired
-
-For users who have hearing impairments the audio output must be conveyed visually on the screen. Most desktops provide
-visual audio alerts and warnings. In console mode the system can also be configured to provide visual bells. There is a
-"Visual Bells mini-HOWTO" written by Alessandro Rubini that provides the configuration details available at:
-http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/mini/.
-
-----
-!!4.1. Assistive Technologies for the Hearing Impaired
-
-The following is a list of assistive technologies for the hearing impaired:
-
-----
-!4.1.1. Telecommunications Devices for the Deaf (TDD)
-
-TDD allows for the user you to communicate over the telephone using the
-computer as a text terminal.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-*
-
-__ Zapata __is a computer-based, high-density telephony project. The current version
-is available for download as source code on at:
-http://www.zapatatelephony.org/project.html.
-
-
-*----
-!4.1.2. Closed Captioning
-
-Closed captioning provides text translation of spoken words to video display. Closed captioning can be used for distance
-learning, video-teleconferencing, audio from a CD-ROM, and other types of interactive technology.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-*
-
-__Ccdecoder __is a closed captioned, extended data services decoder for the bttv
-and video4linux based tv video cards:
-http://sourceforge.net/projects/ccdecoder/.
-
-
-*----
-!!!5. Physically Disabled
-
-There are a wide range of physical disabilities that can impair a user's mobility, and many of these impairments need to be
-addressed on an individual basis. This section addresses impairments that apply to users who have difficulty using a mouse,
-pointing device, or keyboard.
-
-----
-!!5.1. Keyboard Navigation
-
-There are features that are built into the Linux operating system that allow for additional keyboard configuration. In some
-of the X Windows desktops these settings can be changed from the control center. An application has also been developed for X
-Windows called AccessX and it provides a graphical user interface for configuring all the AccessX keyboard
-settings. These settings are:
-
-
-
-
-
-
-*
-
-__!StickyKeys __enable the user to lock modifier keys (for example,
-control and shift) allowing single finger operations in place of multiple key combinations.
-
-
-*
-*
-
-__!MouseKeys __provide alternative keyboard sequences for cursor movement and mouse
-button operations.
-
-
-*
-*
-
-__!SlowKeys __requires the user to hold the key down for a specified period of time
-before the keystroke is accepted. This prevents keystrokes that are pressed by accident from being sent.
-
-
-*
-*
-
-__!ToggleKeys__ sound an audio alert that warns the user that a keystroke created a
-locking state for keys, such as Caps Lock, and Num Lock.
-
-
-*
-*
-
-__!RepeatKeys __allow a user with limited coordination additional time to release
-keys before multiple key sequences are sent to the application.
-
-
-*
-*
-
-__!BounceKeys __or __Delay Keys __have a delay between
-keystrokes. This function can help prevent the system from accepting unintentional keystrokes.
-
-
-*----
-!!5.2. Assistive Technologies for the Physically Disabled
-
-The following is a list of assistive technologies for the physically disabled:
-
-----
-!5.2.1. On-Screen Keyboard
-
-On-screen keyboards enable a user to select keys using a pointing device, such as a mouse, trackball, or touch pad.
-This application can be used in place of a standard keyboard.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-*
-
-__GTkeyboard __is a on-screen, graphical keyboard and can be downloaded at:
-http://opop.nols.com/gtkeyboard.html.
-
-
-*----
-!5.2.2. Speech Recognition
-
-Speech recognition utilities are used by people with mobility impairments, so they can operate the computer using
-voice control.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-*
-
-__Open Mind Speech __is a development project for
-speech recognition tools and applications. Information for the project and a mailing list are available at:
-http://freespeech.sourceforge.net/.
-
-
-*
-*
-
-__!ViaVoice Dictation for Linux __allows you to write documents using your
-voice rather than a keyboard. Information and downloads are available at:
-http://www-4.ibm.com/software/speech/dev/.
-
-
-*
-*
-
-This site has information and links related to several different speech recognition utilities.
-http://www.trace.wisc.edu/world/computer_access/unix/unixshar.html.
-
-
-*----
-!!5.3. Additional Resources
-
-The following is a list of additional Web sites that may be of interest to users with mobility
-impairments:
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-*
-
-This site provides a kernel patch that can be downloaded to enable a one-handed keyboard. The download is
-available at:
-http://www.fourtytwo.de.
-
-
-*
-*
-
-Configuration and information on Adapting the Linux Keyboard for a one handed user is available at:
-http://www.eklhad.net/linux/app/onehand.html.
-
-
-*
-*
-
-__Morseall __allows the user to control a Linux shell by tapping Morse code on the
-left mouse button:
-http://sourceforge.net/projects/morseall.
-
-
-*
-*
-
-The keyboard and console HOWTO provides additional keyboard configuration information.
-http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/Keyboard-and-Console-HOWTO.
-
-
-*
-*
-
-There is a __Speech Recognition HOWTO__, written by Stephen Cook that provides
-complete details for anyone interested in learning more about speech recognition applications.
-http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/.
-
-
-*----
-!!!6. Cognitive, Language, and Other Impairments
-
-Cognitive and language impairments include dyslexia and problems with; memory, comprehension, problem solving,
-and written language.
-For many individuals with cognitive and language disabilities, complex graphical displays and inconsistent use of words
-can make using the computer more difficult.
-A user with epilepsy can have a seizure from an application with blinking lights and animation. Most desktops now allow users to
-disable animation. Web browsers such as Mozilla and Netscape allow users to disable graphics. It is important to
-check the documentation for preferences that are available in the desktop environment you are using,
-as well as any applications that are
-used. This section discusses the tools that are available to aid users with these impairments:
-
-
-----
-!!6.1. Assistive Technologies for Cognitive, Language and Other Impairments
-
-The following is a list of assistive technologies that can be helpful to users with cognitive, language, and other
-impairments:
-
-----
-!6.1.1. Screen Readers and Speech Synthesis
-
-Screen readers with speech synthesis enable the system to read on-screen information and text out loud to the user. This
-type of assistive technology can be particularly helpful to individuals who have dyslexia and other learning
-disabilities. Although there are no screen readers available for the GNOME desktop, screen reader applications are available for
-Linux in console mode that provide this functionality.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-*
-
-__Emacspeak __is a speech interface that will provide audio output for all text. The
-program works in terminal and console mode and requires a software or hardware speech synthesizer. The downloads and users
-manuals are available at:
-http://www.cs.cornell.edu/home/raman/emacspeak/.
-
-
-*
-*
-
- The Trace Center provides information and downloads for various screen readers and speech synthesizers. More
-information is available at:
-http://www.trace.wisc.edu/world/computer_access/unix/unixshar.html.
-
-
-*----
-!6.1.2. Keyboard filters and Word Processing
-
-Keyboard filters and word processing applications that have word prediction and spell checking utilities can be an
-excellent aid for users with learning and language impairments.
-
-----
-!6.1.3. Speech Recognition
-
-Speech recognition applications enables you to control the computer with your voice rather than having to type or
-write out the information.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-*
-
-__CVoice Control __is a speech recognition system that enables a user to connect
-spoken commands to UNIX commands. More information is available at:
-http://www.kiecza.de/daniel/linux/.
-
-
-*
-*
-
-__IBM !ViaVoice Dictation for Linux __allows the user to write documents using their
-voice rather then a keyboard and can read the information back to the user. More information is available at:
-http://www-4.ibm.com/software/speech/dev/.
-
-
-*
-*
-
-__Open Mind Speech __is a development project for
-speech recognition tools and applications. The developers have established a mailing list for asking questions and obtaining
-information at: http://freespeech.sourceforge.net/.
-
-
-*
-*
-
-__XVoice __enables continuous speech to text dictation for many applications. More
-information is available at:
-http://www.compapp.dcu.ie/~tdoris/Xvoice/.
-
-
-*----
-!!!7. Developing Accessible Applications
-
-It is important to consider accessibility when developing new applications for the Linux operating system.
-The American Foundation for the Blind, the GNOME Accessibility Project, IBM, and Sun have written guidelines that are excellent
-road maps for developing and testing new Linux software.
-The following Web sites provide the tools, checklists and testing information to help developers write accessible programs for
-impaired users.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-*
-
-__American Foundation for the Blind__ provides information on creating accessible
-computer applications at:
-http://www.afb.org/info_document_view.asp?documentid=198.
-
-
-*
-*
-
-__GNOME Accessibility Project __has written a guide specifically for application
-development for the GNOME 2.0 desktop. More information is available at:
-http://developer.gnome.org/projects/gap/guide/gad/index.html.
-
-
-*
-*
-
-__IBM Accessibility Center __provides links to a software accessibility checklist,
-testing information, and the Section 508 Rehabilitation Act. This site is located at:
-http://www-3.ibm.com/able/guidelines.html.
-
-
-*
-*
-
-__Sun Accessibility __provides information on designing applications for
-accessibility at:
-http://www.sun.com/access/developers/software.guides.html and an Accessibility Quick Reference Guide is
-available at:
-http://www.sun.com/access/developers/access.quick.ref.html.
-
-
-*----
-!!!8. Other Helpful Information
-
-The following is a list of additional information that may be helpful, but is not necessarily targeting a specific
-disability:
-
-
-
-
-
-
-*
-
- __The CMU Sphinx Group Source __has released a set of reasonably mature, speech
-components that provide a basic level of technology to anyone interested in creating speech enabled applications. More
-information is available at:
-http://fife.speech.cs.cmu.edu/sphinx/.
-
-
-*
-*
-
-Access to Linux documentation is critical to learning and using Linux. The __Linux
-Documentation Project __has links to many Linux HOWTOs, mini HOWTOs, and guides, as well as information on becoming
-involved in authoring new HOWTOs. More information and downloads are available at:
-http://www.linuxdoc.org.
-
-
-*
-*
-
-__RPMFind.net __provides rpm downloads for Linux applications on most Linux
-operating systems. The site is located at:http://www.rpmfind.net.
-
-
-*
-*
-
-__Sourceforge __provides updated information, documentation, and software for Linux.
-Some of the applications available are under development. More information and downloads are available at:
-http://www.sourceforge.net.
-
-
-*
-*
-
-__The Trace Center __provides accessibility information and software for the Linux
-operating system. More information is available at:
-http://trace.wisc.edu/worl/computer_access/.
-
-
-*----
-!!!9. Acknowledgments
-
-These are the orignal acknowledgments documented by Michael De La Rue. They have been included in their entirety to
-ensure that each persons efforts to make Linux more accessibile are acknowledged.
-
-
-
-Much of this document was created from various information sources
-on the Internet, many found from Yahoo and DEC's Alta Vista Search
-engine. Included in this was the documentation of most of the
-software packages mentioned in the text. Some information was also
-gleaned from the Royal National Institute for the Blind's help sheets.
-
-
-
-T.V. Raman, the author of Emacspeak has reliably contributed comments,
-information and text as well as putting me in touch with other people
-who he knew on the Internet.
-
-
-
-Kenneth Albanowski kjahds@kjahds.com provided the
-patch needed for the Brailloterm and information about it.
-
-
-
-Roland Dyroff of S.u.S.E. GmbH
-(Linux distributors and makers of S.u.S.E. Linux (English/German)) looked up
-KTS Stolper GmbH at my request and got some hardware details and
-information on the Brailloterm.
-
-
-
-The most major and careful checks over of this document were done by
-James Bowden, jrbowden@bcs.org
-and Nikhil Nair nn201@cus.cam.ac.uk, the
-BRLTTY authors who suggested a large number of corrections as well as extra information
-for some topics.
-
-
-
-The contributors to the blinux and linux-access mailing lists have
-contributed to this document by providng information for me to read.
-
-
-
-Mark E. Novak of the Trace R and D centre http://trace.wisc.edu/
-pointed me in the direction of several packages of software and information which I had not seen before. He
-also made some comments on the structure of the document which I have
-partially taken into account and should probably do more about.
-
-
-
-Other contributors include Nicolas Pitrie and Stephane Doyon.
-
-
-
-A number of other people have contributed comments and information.
-Specific contributions are acknowledged within the document.
-
-
-
-This version was specifically produced for !RedHat's Dr. Linux book. This is
-because they provided warning of it's impending release to myself and
-other LDP authors. Their doing this is strongly appreciated since
-wrong or old information sits around much longer in a book than on the
-Internet.
-
-
-
-No doubt you made a contribution and I haven't mentioned it. Don't
-worry, it was an accident. I'm sorry. Just tell me and I will add
-you to the next version
.
+Describe [HowToAccessibilityHOWTO] here
.
