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-
-3D-Modelling
-
-
-
-----
-
-!!!3D Graphics Modelling and Rendering mini-HOWTO
-
-!!
-Dave Jarvisv1.1, 27 March 2001
-
-
-----
-''Details download and installation instructions for a graphics rendering and
-modelling development environment using !RedHat Linux.''
-----
-
-
-
-
-!!1. Introduction
-
-
-*1.1 Preamble
-
-*1.2 Modelling vs. Modeling
-
-*1.3 Copyright Information
-
-
-
-
-
-!!2. Background Information
-
-
-*2.1 The Graphics Library
-
-*2.2 The Graphics Modeller
-
-*2.3 The Graphics Renderer
-
-
-
-
-
-!!3. Installation Instructions
-
-
-*3.1 Warning
-
-*3.2 Download the Software
-
-*3.3 Install the Graphics Library
-
-*3.4 Install the Graphics Renderer
-
-*3.5 Install the Graphics Modeller
-
-*3.6 Clean Up
-
-
-
-
-
-!!4. Miscellaneous Information
-
-
-*4.1 Lighting
-
-*4.2 Tutorials
-
-
-
-
-
-!!5. Related Links
-
-
-*5.1 Graphics Libraries
-
-*5.2 Graphics Renderers
-
-*5.3 Graphics Modellers
-
-*5.4 Miscellaneous Links
-
-
-
-
-
-!!6. Acknowledgements
-----
-
-!! 1. Introduction
-
-!! 1.1 Preamble
-
-
-
-This document will guide you through the steps used to install and
-configure an environment for modelling and rendering three-dimensional
-graphics using Linux. In this section you will also find information
-in laymans terms about the required components and how they piece
-together. The installation section is purposely minimal; merely the
-quick and dirty steps needed to take to get up and running (if it
-doesn't work, more information is available). For those that want more
-information about the software components and what they do (in general),
-please continue reading.
-
-
-There are, at the minimum, three software packages you'll need in order to
-get up and running. These are as follows (in the order they are
-explained, not the order they are installed):
-
-
-
-
-
-*a graphics library;
-*
-
-*a graphics modeller;
-*
-
-*a graphics renderer.
-*
-
-
-!! 1.2 Modelling vs. Modeling
-
-
-
-The spelling ''modelling'' is Canadian. The spelling ''modeling''
-is American. The original author of this document is Canadian. ;-)
-
-!! 1.3 Copyright Information
-
-
-
-Copyright (c) 2000-2001 Dave Jarvis
-
-
-This document may be reproduced in whole or in part, without fee, subject
-to the following restrictions:
-
-
-
-
-
-*the copyright notice above and this permission notice must be
-preserved complete on all complete or partial copies;
-*
-
-*any translation or derived work must be approved by the author in
-writing before distribution;
-*
-
-*if you distribute this work in part, instructions for obtaining
-the complete version of this manual must be included, and a means for
-obtaining a complete version provided;
-*
-
-*small portions may be reproduced as illustrations for reviews or
-quotes in other works without this permission notice if proper citation
-is given.
-*
-
-----
-
-!! 2. Background Information
-
-
-The content of this section exists only to describe, in general, the
-three main components required for three-dimensional modelling and
-rendering with a Linux-based system.
-
-!! 2.1 The Graphics Library
-
-
-
-A graphics library consists of the most basic tools used for manipulating
-graphical images. Think of all the things needed to build a house: wiring,
-plumbing, wood, bricks, and such. The graphics library can be thought of
-as not these items, but rather the tools used create such items. After
-all, wire, metal tubes, planks, and bricks don't magically appear; rather
-they are created and formed as entities unto themselves. On a similar note,
-graphics don't magically appear on the screen -- typically they consist
-of lower-level graphics primatives (lines, rectangles, and individual
-pixels, for example).
-
-
-So the graphics library, then, can be thought of as the low-level graphics
-primatives used to build more complex objects (spheres, boxes, complex
-polygons, etc.). Those complex objects are then used to build even more
-complicated shapes and figures.
-
-
-The graphics library installed was the freeware implementation of OpenGL
-called ''Mesa''.
-
-!! 2.2 The Graphics Modeller
-
-
-
-Since the graphics renderer is, ideally, completely hidden from the end-user,
-we'll deal with that last (besides which, modelling is the next logical step
-in keeping with my house-building analogy). However, when it comes to the
-actual installation, a graphics modeller relies on the renderer already being
-installed.
-
-
-If the graphics library is akin to the tools used to build the tools used
-to build a house (!), then graphics modellers can be thought of as the
-tools used to build the blueprints for the house -- sophisticated
-blueprints, as modellers let you dictate exactly where the wiring, plumbing,
-wood panels, bricks, and forth are supposed to go. Furthermore, they
-let you pick the style of panelling and the colour of the bricks you
-desire.
-
-
-The graphics modeller installed was the freeware package called
-''The Mops'', which produces ''!RenderMan''-compatible files.
-
-!! 2.3 The Graphics Renderer
-
-
-
-In keeping with the house-building analogy, the graphics renderer is then
-the construction workers. Once you have the blueprints and materials ready
-to go, you need something to actually build the house so it appears how it
-was designed. The graphics renderer is given information (i.e., the
-blueprints in the form of a ''!RenderMan''-compatible file, or
-equivalent) from the the modeller to produce the final result.
-
-
-Just as the graphics modeller needs the graphics renderer before it can be
-installed, the renderer relies on the graphics library being installed
-beforehand.
-
-
-The graphics renderer installed was the ''Blue Moon Rendering Toolkit''
-which uses ''!RenderMan'' files.
-----
-
-!! 3. Installation Instructions
-
-
-Keep in mind that these are brief instructions; a quick summary of the more
-important details you'll find listed in README files for the corresponding
-software packages. It is, by no means, a substitute for actually reading
-those files (as they contain copyright information and other instructions
-not necessarily covered by this document).
-
-!! 3.1 Warning
-
-
-
-First, let it be known that this document only covers how to get up and
-running using !RedHat v7.. Whenever given the choice as to which software
-package to download, please make sure it is compatible with the flavour
-of Linux you happen to be running.
-
-
-Second, please only send E-mail if you have information that would be
-helpful to other people who might read this document (such as explaining
-how to install other tools, pointers to other tutorials, missing steps
-grammar and/or speling mistakes and/or tpyos, etc.). If software
-doesn't compile, or you can't figure it out, please read its accompanying
-documentation. Please understand that your system may be completely
-different, and as such debugging problems via E-mail across the Internet is
-not a task anyone enjoys. ;-)
-
-
-Third, these are software packages that installed without any severe
-hitches (read: severe headaches). In the Related Links section, there
-are alternate software packages along side the ones covered below. Note
-that just because a given software package is not covered in depth does
-not mean it is any worse (or better) than those chosen to install.
-
-
-Good luck!
-
-!! 3.2 Download the Software
-
-
-
-Before you begin, you will need a web browser and Unix shell. If you
-don't know how to use a shell
[[bash, ksh, etc.
], you're own your own
-(although instructions are given in both English and shell commands).
-
-
-Unless otherwise specified, all instructions are to be carried out as
-root.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-#Create a new directory /usr/local/archives for the packages:
-
-
-mkdir /usr/local/archives
-
-
-
-#
-
-#Download the following packages (in __.tar.gz__ form)
-into the newly created directory (homepages are given, as
-well as links to download pages, and minimum software version):
-
-
-#*
-Mesa Graphics Library v3.4.1:
-www.mesa3d.org/download.html
-#*
-
-#*
-Blue Moon Rendering Toolkit v2.6beta:
-www.bmrt.org/BMRTdownload/index.html
-(alternative: www.zerosanity.com/bmrt/BMRT2.6beta.linux-glibc2.tar.gz)
-#*
-
-#*
-The Mops v0.42d:
-www.informatik.uni-rostock.de/~rschultz/mops/download.html
-#*
-
-
-#
-
-
-!! 3.3 Install the Graphics Library
-
-
-
-Old versions of tar do not support the z argument.
-For those systems, leave out the z argument and use gunzip
-on the file before using tar.
-
-
-
-
-
-#Change to the /usr/local/archives directory:
-
-
-cd /usr/local/archives
-
-
-
-#
-
-#Extract ''Mesa'' (substitute version number where required):
-
-
-tar zxf !MesaLib-3.4.1.tar.gz
-tar zxf !MesaDemos-3.4.1.tar.gz
-
-
-
-#
-
-#Change to the !MesaLib subdirectory:
-
-
-cd Mesa-3.4.1
-
-
-
-#
-
-#Configure, make, and install ''Mesa'' with the following sequence of
-commands:
-
-
-./configure; make; make install
-
-
-
-#
-
-#Edit /etc/ld.so.conf, and ensure you have a line that
-reads:
-
-
-/usr/local/lib
-
-
-
-#
-
-#Run the dynamic library configuration program:
-
-
-ldconfig
-
-
-
-#
-
-
-!! 3.4 Install the Graphics Renderer
-
-
-
-
-
-
-#Return to the /usr/local/archives directory:
-
-
-cd ..
-
-
-
-#
-
-#Extract the ''Blue Moon Rendering Toolkit'' (substitute version
-number where required):
-
-
-tar zxf BMRT2.6beta.linux-glibc2.tar.gz
-
-
-
-#
-
-#Change to the BMRT subdirectory:
-
-
-cd BMRT2.6
-
-
-
-#
-
-#Copy files to appropriate destination directories:
-
-
-cp bin/* /usr/local/bin/
-cp lib/lib* /usr/local/lib/
-cp include/* /usr/local/include/
-
-
-
-#
-
-#Make a directory for the shaders, ensure it is world-writable,
-then copy the shader files into it:
-
-
-mkdir /usr/local/shaders
-chmod 777 /usr/local/shaders
-cp shaders/*.sl* /usr/local/shaders/
-cp shaders/*.h /usr/local/shaders/
-cp examples/*.sl* /usr/local/shaders/
-cp examples/*.h /usr/local/shaders/
-
-
-
-#
-
-#Edit the system login profile (/etc/profile or equivalent),
-and add the line:
-
-
-export SHADERS=.:/usr/local/shaders
-
-
-
-#
-
-#Copy the .rendribrc file to each user's home directory.
-#
-
-
-
-If anything goes wrong, please consult the README file
-that accompanies the ''Blue Moon Rendering Toolkit'', or visit
-their website.
-
-!! 3.5 Install the Graphics Modeller
-
-
-
-''The Mops'' may be installed on a per-user basis, or on a system-wide
-basis by root (or equivalent). In this example, it is installed using a
-non-administrative account, which should yield positive results. Note that
-the compile failed during the install (missing a C header file), so the
-precompiled binaries (compatible with !RedHat v6., your system may vary)
-were installed, as follows:
-
-
-
-
-
-#Change to one directory above where you'd like ''The Mops'' to
-reside. For example, if /usr/local/mops was desired, then issue
-the following command:
-
-
-cd /usr/local
-
-
-
-#
-
-#Extract the mops (substitute number where required), then change into
-its directory:
-
-
-tar zxf /usr/local/archives/mops-.42d-BMRT26-linux.tar.gz
-cd mops
-
-
-
-#
-
-#Move the following files from /usr/local/mops/src
-to /usr/local/mops:
-
-
-mv src/crtmopssh.sh .
-mv src/mfio.so .
-mv src/mops .
-
-
-
-#
-
-#Copy the .mopsrc file to the home directory of each user
-wanting to run The Mops. For example, the user "jane" would need the
-following commands run:
-
-
-cp src/mopsrc /home/jane/.mopsrc
-
-
-
-#
-
-#Create /usr/local/lib/mops and move the buttons and shaders:
-
-
-mkdir /usr/local/lib/mops/
-mv buttons/* /usr/local/lib/mops/
-mv shader/*.sl* /usr/local/shaders/
-
-
-
-#
-
-
-
-If anything goes wrong, please consult the README and
-Setup.txt files that accompany ''The Mops'', or visit
-their website.
-
-
-Log out from root. Log in as a regular user, and run
-''The Mops'' as follows:
-
-
-
-
-
-/usr/local/mops/mops
-
-
-
-
-You may wish to create a subdirectory within $HOME/mops called
-models for saving 3D models.
-
-!! 3.6 Clean Up
-
-
-
-Now that the installation is complete, you can remove from your
-system all files that you no longer require (substituting version
-numbers where required).
-
-
-
-
-
-cd /usr/local/archives/
-rm -rf BMRT2.6
-rm -rf Mesa-3.4.1
-
-
-
-
-Note: Be cautious when using rm -rf ... make sure you are
-in the correct directory, and the files and/or directories you wish to
-delete are present.
-----
-
-!! 4. Miscellaneous Information
-
-
-Instead of a frequently asked questions section,
here is information
-about some of the (almost embarassing) problems faced.
-
-!! 4.1 Lighting
-
-
-
-The most frustrating problem, initially, was trying to figure out why
-everything was black -- and then how to actually light objects up. In
-these "virtual worlds" where you are modelling objects, the worlds
-are created from scratch. There is ''no light'' in the world until
-you actually put a light source in it! The light sources then shine
-a given direction, illuminating things in their path (according to
-the surface properties of the objects). Make certain that your light
-source is:
-
-
-
-
-
-#pointing (rotated and translated) in the correct direction;
-#
-
-#intense enough to actually cast discernable lighting.
-#
-
-
-!! 4.2 Tutorials
-
-
-
-The most basic thing a person would want to do with modelling/rendering
-packages is position a sphere on a surface, give it some lighting, and
-see the result. A decent tutorial should describe that first.
-
-
-That said, ''The Mops'' has a wonderful
-first tutorial.
-----
-
-!! 5. Related Links
-
-!! 5.1 Graphics Libraries
-
-
-
-
-Mesa - An OpenGL-compliant
-Graphics Library.
-
-!! 5.2 Graphics Renderers
-
-
-
-
-BMRT - The Blue Moon Rendering
-Toolkit.
-
-
-
-POV-Ray - The Persistence of
-Vision Raytracer.
-
-!! 5.3 Graphics Modellers
-
-
-
-
-The Mops - A 3D modelling package that uses BMRT.
-
-
-
-Blender - Freeware modelling
-and rendering suite of tools.
-
-!! 5.4 Miscellaneous Links
-
-
-
-Here are some links that don't really fit into any other category, yet
-are still worthwhile checking out if you are seriously considering
-using your Linux computer as a 3D modelling and rendering machine.
-
-
-
-3D Software for Linux - Contains most (if not all) links in
-this document and then some.
-
-
-
-3D Modelling Software for Linux - Links to software packages
-chiefly related to modelling.
-
-
-
-3D Modelling and Rendering using Linux - A comprehensive site
-with articles and software that explains what this document summarizes.
-----
-
-!! 6. Acknowledgements
-
-
-I would like to extend a heart-felt thanks to the developers of the
-software packages detailed in this document. The quality of their
-products is of a commercial level, yet they keep the spirit of free
-software alive
. Well done!
-----
+Describe
[HowTo3DModelling
] here.
