PERLAPI
NAME DESCRIPTION AUTHORS SEE ALSO
perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
This file contains the documentation of the perl public API generated by embed.pl, specifically a listing of functions, macros, flags, and variables that may be used by extension writers. The interfaces of any functions that are not listed here are subject to change without notice. For this reason, blindly using functions listed in proto.h is to be avoided when writing extensions.
Note that all Perl API global variables must be referenced with the PL_ prefix. Some macros are provided for compatibility with the older, unadorned names, but this support may be disabled in a future release.
The listing is alphabetical, case insensitive.
AvFILL
Same as av_len(). Deprecated, use av_len() instead.
int AvFILL(AV* av)
av_clear
Clears an array, making it empty. Does not free the memory used by the array itself.
void av_clear(AV* ar)
av_delete
Deletes the element indexed by key from the array. Returns the deleted element. flags is currently ignored.
SV* av_delete(AV* ar, I32 key, I32 flags)
av_exists
Returns true if the element indexed by key has been initialized.
This relies on the fact that uninitialized array elements are set to .
bool av_exists(AV* ar, I32 key)
av_extend
Pre-extend an array. The key is the index to which the array should be extended.
void av_extend(AV* ar, I32 key)
av_fetch
Returns the SV at the specified index in the array. The key is the index. If lval is set then the fetch will be part of a store. Check that the return value is non-null before dereferencing it to a SV*.
See ``Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays'' in perlguts for more information on how to use this function on tied arrays.
SV** av_fetch(AV* ar, I32 key, I32 lval)
av_fill
Ensure than an array has a given number of elements, equivalent to Perl's $#array = $fill;.
void av_fill(AV* ar, I32 fill)
av_len
Returns the highest index in the array. Returns -1 if the array is empty.
I32 av_len(AV* ar)
av_make
Creates a new AV and populates it with a list of SVs. The SVs are copied into the array, so they may be freed after the call to av_make. The new AV will have a reference count of 1.
AV* av_make(I32 size, SV** svp)
av_pop
Pops an SV off the end of the array. Returns
if the array is
empty.
SV* av_pop(AV* ar)
av_push
Pushes an SV onto the end of the array. The array will grow automatically to accommodate the addition.
void av_push(AV* ar, SV* val)
av_shift
Shifts an SV off the beginning of the array.
SV* av_shift(AV* ar)
av_store
Stores an SV in an array. The array index is specified as key. The return value will be NULL if the operation failed or if the value did not need to be actually stored within the array (as in the case of tied arrays). Otherwise it can be dereferenced to get the original SV*. Note that the caller is responsible for suitably incrementing the reference count of val before the call, and decrementing it if the function returned NULL .
See ``Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays'' in perlguts for more information on how to use this function on tied arrays.
SV** av_store(AV* ar, I32 key, SV* val)
av_undef
Undefines the array. Frees the memory used by the array itself.
void av_undef(AV* ar)
av_unshift
Unshift the given number of undef values onto the beginning of the array. The array will grow automatically to accommodate the addition. You must then use av_store to assign values to these new elements.
void av_unshift(AV* ar, I32 num)
bytes_from_utf8
Converts a string s of length len from UTF8 into byte encoding. Unlike bytes_to_utf8, returns a pointer to the newly-created string, and updates len to contain the new length. Returns the original string if no conversion occurs, len is unchanged. Do nothing if is_utf8 points to 0. Sets is_utf8 to 0 if s is converted or contains all 7bit characters.
NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be removed without notice.
U8* bytes_from_utf8(U8 *s, STRLEN *len, bool *is_utf8)
bytes_to_utf8
Converts a string s of length len from ASCII into UTF8 encoding. Returns a pointer to the newly-created string, and sets len to reflect the new length.
NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be removed without notice.
U8* bytes_to_utf8(U8 *s, STRLEN *len)
call_argv
Performs a callback to the specified Perl sub. See perlcall.
NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
I32 call_argv(const char* sub_name, I32 flags, char** argv)
call_method
Performs a callback to the specified Perl method. The blessed object must be on the stack. See perlcall.
NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
I32 call_method(const char* methname, I32 flags)
call_pv
Performs a callback to the specified Perl sub. See perlcall.
NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
I32 call_pv(const char* sub_name, I32 flags)
call_sv
Performs a callback to the Perl sub whose name is in the SV . See perlcall.
NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
I32 call_sv(SV* sv, I32 flags)
CLASS
Variable which is setup by xsubpp to indicate the class name for a C ++ XS constructor. This is always a char*. See THIS.
char* CLASS
Copy
The XSUB-writer's interface to the C memcpy function. The src is the source, dest is the destination, nitems is the number of items, and type is the type. May fail on overlapping copies. See also Move.
void Copy(void* src, void* dest, int nitems, type)
croak
This is the XSUB-writer's interface to Perl's die function. Normally use this function the same way you use the C printf function. See warn.
If you want to throw an exception object, assign the object to $@ and then pass Nullch to
errsv = get_sv(
void croak(const char* pat, ...)
CvSTASH
Returns the stash of the CV .
HV* CvSTASH(CV* cv)
dMARK
Declare a stack marker variable, mark, for the XSUB . See MARK and dORIGMARK.
dMARK;
dORIGMARK
Saves the original stack mark for the XSUB . See ORIGMARK.
dORIGMARK;
dSP
Declares a local copy of perl's stack pointer for the XSUB , available via the SP macro. See SP.
dSP;
dXSARGS
Sets up stack and mark pointers for an XSUB , calling dSP and dMARK. This is usually handled automatically by xsubpp. Declares the items variable to indicate the number of items on the stack.
dXSARGS;
dXSI32
Sets up the ix variable for an XSUB which has aliases. This is usually handled automatically by xsubpp.
dXSI32;
ENTER
Opening bracket on a callback. See LEAVE and perlcall.
ENTER;
eval_pv
Tells Perl to eval the given string and return an SV* result.
NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
SV* eval_pv(const char* p, I32 croak_on_error)
eval_sv
Tells Perl to eval the string in the SV .
NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
I32 eval_sv(SV* sv, I32 flags)
EXTEND
Used to extend the argument stack for an XSUB 's return values. Once used, guarantees that there is room for at least nitems to be pushed onto the stack.
void EXTEND(SP, int nitems)
fbm_compile
Analyses the string in order to make fast searches on it using fbm_instr() -- the Boyer-Moore algorithm.
void fbm_compile(SV* sv, U32 flags)
fbm_instr
Returns the location of the SV in the string delimited by str and strend. It returns Nullch if the string can't be found. The sv does not have to be fbm_compiled, but the search will not be as fast then.
char* fbm_instr(unsigned char* big, unsigned char* bigend, SV* littlesv, U32 flags)
FREETMPS
Closing bracket for temporaries on a callback. See SAVETMPS and perlcall.
FREETMPS;
get_av
Returns the AV of the specified Perl array. If create is set and the Perl variable does not exist then it will be created. If create is not set and the variable does not exist then NULL is returned.
NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
AV* get_av(const char* name, I32 create)
get_cv
Returns the CV of the specified Perl subroutine. If create is set and the Perl subroutine does not exist then it will be declared (which has the same effect as saying sub name;). If create is not set and the subroutine does not exist then NULL is returned.
NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
CV* get_cv(const char* name, I32 create)
get_hv
Returns the HV of the specified Perl hash. If create is set and the Perl variable does not exist then it will be created. If create is not set and the variable does not exist then NULL is returned.
NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
HV* get_hv(const char* name, I32 create)
get_sv
Returns the SV of the specified Perl scalar. If create is set and the Perl variable does not exist then it will be created. If create is not set and the variable does not exist then NULL is returned.
NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
SV* get_sv(const char* name, I32 create)
GIMME
A backward-compatible version of GIMME_V which can only return G_SCALAR or G_ARRAY; in a void context, it returns G_SCALAR. Deprecated. Use GIMME_V instead.
U32 GIMME
GIMME_V
The XSUB-writer's equivalent to Perl's wantarray. Returns G_VOID, G_SCALAR or G_ARRAY for void, scalar or list context, respectively.
U32 GIMME_V
GvSV
Return the SV from the GV .
SV* GvSV(GV* gv)
gv_fetchmeth
Returns the glob with the given name and a defined subroutine or NULL. The glob lives in the given stash, or in the stashes accessible via @ISA and @UNIVERSAL.
The argument level should be either 0 or -1. If level==0, as a side-effect creates a glob with the given name in the given stash which in the case of success contains an alias for the subroutine, and sets up caching info for this glob. Similarly for all the searched stashes.
This function grants token as a postfix of the stash name. The GV returned from gv_fetchmeth may be a method cache entry, which is not visible to Perl code. So when calling call_sv, you should not use the GV directly; instead, you should use the method's CV , which can be obtained from the GV with the GvCV macro.
GV* gv_fetchmeth(HV* stash, const char* name, STRLEN len, I32 level)
gv_fetchmethod
See gv_fetchmethod_autoload.
GV* gv_fetchmethod(HV* stash, const char* name)
gv_fetchmethod_autoload
Returns the glob which contains the subroutine to call to invoke the method on the stash. In fact in the presence of autoloading this may be the glob for `` AUTOLOAD ''. In this case the corresponding variable $AUTOLOAD is already setup.
The third parameter of gv_fetchmethod_autoload determines whether AUTOLOAD lookup is performed if the given method is not present: non-zero means yes, look for AUTOLOAD ; zero means no, don't look for AUTOLOAD . Calling gv_fetchmethod is equivalent to calling gv_fetchmethod_autoload with a non-zero autoload parameter.
These functions grant token as a prefix of the method name. Note that if you want to keep the returned glob for a long time, you need to check for it being `` AUTOLOAD '', since at the later time the call may load a different subroutine due to $AUTOLOAD changing its value. Use the glob created via a side effect to do this.
These functions have the same side-effects and as gv_fetchmeth with level==0. name should be writable if contains ':' or ' ''. The warning against passing the GV returned by gv_fetchmeth to call_sv apply equally to these functions.
GV* gv_fetchmethod_autoload(HV* stash, const char* name, I32 autoload)
gv_stashpv
Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. name should be a valid UTF-8 string. If create is set then the package will be created if it does not already exist. If create is not set and the package does not exist then NULL is returned.
HV* gv_stashpv(const char* name, I32 create)
gv_stashsv
Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package, which must be a valid UTF-8 string. See gv_stashpv.
HV* gv_stashsv(SV* sv, I32 create)
G_ARRAY
Used to indicate list context. See GIMME_V, GIMME and perlcall.
G_DISCARD
Indicates that arguments returned from a callback should be discarded. See perlcall.
G_EVAL
Used to force a Perl eval wrapper around a callback. See perlcall.
G_NOARGS
Indicates that no arguments are being sent to a callback. See perlcall.
G_SCALAR
Used to indicate scalar context. See GIMME_V, GIMME, and perlcall.
G_VOID
Used to indicate void context. See GIMME_V and perlcall.
HEf_SVKEY
This flag, used in the length slot of hash entries and magic structures, specifies the structure contains a SV* pointer where a char* pointer is to be expected. (For information only--not to be used).
HeHASH
Returns the computed hash stored in the hash entry.
U32 HeHASH(HE* he)
HeKEY
Returns the actual pointer stored in the key slot of the hash entry. The pointer may be either char* or SV*, depending on the value of HeKLEN(). Can be assigned to. The HePV() or HeSVKEY() macros are usually preferable for finding the value of a key.
void* HeKEY(HE* he)
HeKLEN
If this is negative, and amounts to HEf_SVKEY, it indicates the entry holds an SV* key. Otherwise, holds the actual length of the key. Can be assigned to. The HePV() macro is usually preferable for finding key lengths.
STRLEN HeKLEN(HE* he)
HePV
Returns the key slot of the hash entry as a char* value, doing any necessary dereferencing of possibly SV* keys. The length of the string is placed in len (this is a macro, so do not use ). If you do not care about what the length of the key is, you may use the global variable PL_na, though this is rather less efficient than using a local variable. Remember though, that hash keys in perl are free to contain embedded nulls, so using strlen() or similar is not a good way to find the length of hash keys. This is very similar to the SvPV() macro described elsewhere in this document.
char* HePV(HE* he, STRLEN len)
HeSVKEY
Returns the key as an SV*, or Nullsv if the hash entry does not contain an SV* key.
SV* HeSVKEY(HE* he)
HeSVKEY_force
Returns the key as an SV*. Will create and return a temporary mortal SV* if the hash entry contains only a char* key.
SV* HeSVKEY_force(HE* he)
HeSVKEY_set
Sets the key to a given SV*, taking care to set the appropriate flags to indicate the presence of an SV* key, and returns the same SV*.
SV* HeSVKEY_set(HE* he, SV* sv)
HeVAL
Returns the value slot (type SV*) stored in the hash entry.
SV* HeVAL(HE* he)
HvNAME
Returns the package name of a stash. See SvSTASH, CvSTASH.
char* HvNAME(HV* stash)
hv_clear
Clears a hash, making it empty.
void hv_clear(HV* tb)
hv_delete
Deletes a key/value pair in the hash. The value SV is removed from the hash and returned to the caller. The klen is the length of the key. The flags value will normally be zero; if set to G_DISCARD then NULL will be returned.
SV* hv_delete(HV* tb, const char* key, U32 klen, I32 flags)
hv_delete_ent
Deletes a key/value pair in the hash. The value SV is removed from the hash and returned to the caller. The flags value will normally be zero; if set to G_DISCARD then NULL will be returned. hash can be a valid precomputed hash value, or 0 to ask for it to be computed.
SV* hv_delete_ent(HV* tb, SV* key, I32 flags, U32 hash)
hv_exists
Returns a boolean indicating whether the specified hash key exists. The klen is the length of the key.
bool hv_exists(HV* tb, const char* key, U32 klen)
hv_exists_ent
Returns a boolean indicating whether the specified hash key exists. hash can be a valid precomputed hash value, or 0 to ask for it to be computed.
bool hv_exists_ent(HV* tb, SV* key, U32 hash)
hv_fetch
Returns the SV which corresponds to the specified key in the hash. The klen is the length of the key. If lval is set then the fetch will be part of a store. Check that the return value is non-null before dereferencing it to a SV*.
See ``Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays'' in perlguts for more information on how to use this function on tied hashes.
SV** hv_fetch(HV* tb, const char* key, U32 klen, I32 lval)
hv_fetch_ent
Returns the hash entry which corresponds to the specified key in the hash. hash must be a valid precomputed hash number for the given key, or 0 if you want the function to compute it. IF lval is set then the fetch will be part of a store. Make sure the return value is non-null before accessing it. The return value when tb is a tied hash is a pointer to a static location, so be sure to make a copy of the structure if you need to store it somewhere.
See ``Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays'' in perlguts for more information on how to use this function on tied hashes.
HE* hv_fetch_ent(HV* tb, SV* key, I32 lval, U32 hash)
hv_iterinit
Prepares a starting point to traverse a hash table. Returns the number of keys in the hash (i.e. the same as HvKEYS(tb)). The return value is currently only meaningful for hashes without tie magic.
NOTE: Before version 5.004_65, hv_iterinit used to return the number of hash buckets that happen to be in use. If you still need that esoteric value, you can get it through the macro HvFILL(tb).
I32 hv_iterinit(HV* tb)
hv_iterkey
Returns the key from the current position of the hash iterator. See hv_iterinit.
char* hv_iterkey(HE* entry, I32* retlen)
hv_iterkeysv
Returns the key as an SV* from the current position of the hash iterator. The return value will always be a mortal copy of the key. Also see hv_iterinit.
SV* hv_iterkeysv(HE* entry)
hv_iternext
Returns entries from a hash iterator. See hv_iterinit.
HE* hv_iternext(HV* tb)
hv_iternextsv
Performs an hv_iternext, hv_iterkey, and hv_iterval in one operation.
SV* hv_iternextsv(HV* hv, char** key, I32* retlen)
hv_iterval
Returns the value from the current position of the hash iterator. See hv_iterkey.
SV* hv_iterval(HV* tb, HE* entry)
hv_magic
Adds magic to a hash. See sv_magic.
void hv_magic(HV* hv, GV* gv, int how)
hv_store
Stores an SV in a hash. The hash key is specified as key and klen is the length of the key. The hash parameter is the precomputed hash value; if it is zero then Perl will compute it. The return value will be NULL if the operation failed or if the value did not need to be actually stored within the hash (as in the case of tied hashes). Otherwise it can be dereferenced to get the original SV*. Note that the caller is responsible for suitably incrementing the reference count of val before the call, and decrementing it if the function returned NULL .
See ``Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays'' in perlguts for more information on how to use this function on tied hashes.
SV** hv_store(HV* tb, const char* key, U32 klen, SV* val, U32 hash)
hv_store_ent
Stores val in a hash. The hash key is specified as key. The hash parameter is the precomputed hash value; if it is zero then Perl will compute it. The return value is the new hash entry so created. It will be NULL if the operation failed or if the value did not need to be actually stored within the hash (as in the case of tied hashes). Otherwise the contents of the return value can be accessed using the He??? macros described here. Note that the caller is responsible for suitably incrementing the reference count of val before the call, and decrementing it if the function returned NULL .
See ``Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays'' in perlguts for more information on how to use this function on tied hashes.
HE* hv_store_ent(HV* tb, SV* key, SV* val, U32 hash)
hv_undef
Undefines the hash.
void hv_undef(HV* tb)
isALNUM
Returns a boolean indicating whether the C char is an ASCII alphanumeric character (including underscore) or digit.
bool isALNUM(char ch)
isALPHA
Returns a boolean indicating whether the C char is an ASCII alphabetic character.
bool isALPHA(char ch)
isDIGIT
Returns a boolean indicating whether the C char is an ASCII digit.
bool isDIGIT(char ch)
isLOWER
Returns a boolean indicating whether the C char is a lowercase character.
bool isLOWER(char ch)
isSPACE
Returns a boolean indicating whether the C char is whitespace.
bool isSPACE(char ch)
isUPPER
Returns a boolean indicating whether the C char is an uppercase character.
bool isUPPER(char ch)
is_utf8_char
Tests if some arbitrary number of bytes begins in a valid UTF-8 character. The actual number of bytes in the UTF-8 character will be returned if it is valid, otherwise 0.
STRLEN is_utf8_char(U8 *p)
is_utf8_string
Returns true if first len bytes of the given string form valid a UTF8 string, false otherwise.
bool is_utf8_string(U8 *s, STRLEN len)
items
Variable which is setup by xsubpp to indicate the number of items on the stack. See ``Variable-length Parameter Lists'' in perlxs.
I32 items
ix
Variable which is setup by xsubpp to indicate which of an XSUB 's aliases was used to invoke it. See ``The ALIAS: Keyword'' in perlxs.
I32 ix
LEAVE
Closing bracket on a callback. See ENTER and perlcall.
LEAVE;
looks_like_number
Test if an the content of an SV looks like a number (or is a number).
I32 looks_like_number(SV* sv)
MARK
Stack marker variable for the XSUB . See dMARK.
mg_clear
Clear something magical that the SV represents. See sv_magic.
int mg_clear(SV* sv)
mg_copy
Copies the magic from one SV to another. See sv_magic.
int mg_copy(SV* sv, SV* nsv, const char* key, I32 klen)
mg_find
Finds the magic pointer for type matching the SV . See sv_magic.
MAGIC* mg_find(SV* sv, int type)
mg_free
Free any magic storage used by the SV . See sv_magic.
int mg_free(SV* sv)
mg_get
Do magic after a value is retrieved from the SV . See sv_magic.
int mg_get(SV* sv)
mg_length
Report on the SV 's length. See sv_magic.
U32 mg_length(SV* sv)
mg_magical
Turns on the magical status of an SV . See sv_magic.
void mg_magical(SV* sv)
mg_set
Do magic after a value is assigned to the SV . See sv_magic.
int mg_set(SV* sv)
Move
The XSUB-writer's interface to the C memmove function. The src is the source, dest is the destination, nitems is the number of items, and type is the type. Can do overlapping moves. See also Copy.
void Move(void* src, void* dest, int nitems, type)
New
The XSUB-writer's interface to the C malloc function.
void New(int id, void* ptr, int nitems, type)
newAV
Creates a new AV . The reference count is set to 1.
AV* newAV()
Newc
The XSUB-writer's interface to the C malloc function, with cast.
void Newc(int id, void* ptr, int nitems, type, cast)
newCONSTSUB
Creates a constant sub equivalent to Perl sub FOO () { 123 } which is eligible for inlining at compile-time.
void newCONSTSUB(HV* stash, char* name, SV* sv)
newHV
Creates a new HV . The reference count is set to 1.
HV* newHV()
newRV_inc
Creates an RV wrapper for an SV . The reference count for the original SV is incremented.
SV* newRV_inc(SV* sv)
newRV_noinc
Creates an RV wrapper for an SV . The reference count for the original SV is not incremented.
SV* newRV_noinc(SV *sv)
NEWSV
Creates a new SV . A non-zero len parameter indicates the number of bytes of preallocated string space the SV should have. An extra byte for a tailing NUL is also reserved. (SvPOK is not set for the SV even if string space is allocated.) The reference count for the new SV is set to 1. id is an integer id between 0 and 1299 (used to identify leaks).
SV* NEWSV(int id, STRLEN len)
newSViv
Creates a new SV and copies an integer into it. The reference count for the SV is set to 1.
SV* newSViv(IV i)
newSVnv
Creates a new SV and copies a floating point value into it. The reference count for the SV is set to 1.
SV* newSVnv(NV n)
newSVpv
Creates a new SV and copies a string into it. The reference count for the SV is set to 1. If len is zero, Perl will compute the length using strlen(). For efficiency, consider using newSVpvn instead.
SV* newSVpv(const char* s, STRLEN len)
newSVpvf
Creates a new SV an initialize it with the string formatted like sprintf.
SV* newSVpvf(const char* pat, ...)
newSVpvn
Creates a new SV and copies a string into it. The reference count for the SV is set to 1. Note that if len is zero, Perl will create a zero length string. You are responsible for ensuring that the source string is at least len bytes long.
SV* newSVpvn(const char* s, STRLEN len)
newSVrv
Creates a new SV for the RV , rv, to point to. If rv is not an RV then it will be upgraded to one. If classname is non-null then the new SV will be blessed in the specified package. The new SV is returned and its reference count is 1.
SV* newSVrv(SV* rv, const char* classname)
newSVsv
Creates a new SV which is an exact duplicate of the original SV .
SV* newSVsv(SV* old)
newSVuv
Creates a new SV and copies an unsigned integer into it. The reference count for the SV is set to 1.
SV* newSVuv(UV u)
newXS
Used by xsubpp to hook up XSUBs as Perl subs.
newXSproto
Used by xsubpp to hook up XSUBs as Perl subs. Adds Perl prototypes to the subs.
Newz
The XSUB-writer's interface to the C malloc function. The allocated memory is zeroed with memzero.
void Newz(int id, void* ptr, int nitems, type)
Nullav
Null AV pointer.
Nullch
Null character pointer.
Nullcv
Null CV pointer.
Nullhv
Null HV pointer.
Nullsv
Null SV pointer.
ORIGMARK
The original stack mark for the XSUB . See dORIGMARK.
perl_alloc
Allocates a new Perl interpreter. See perlembed.
PerlInterpreter?* perl_alloc()
perl_construct
Initializes a new Perl interpreter. See perlembed.
void perl_construct(!PerlInterpreter?* interp)
perl_destruct
Shuts down a Perl interpreter. See perlembed.
void perl_destruct(!PerlInterpreter?* interp)
perl_free
Releases a Perl interpreter. See perlembed.
void perl_free(!PerlInterpreter?* interp)
perl_parse
Tells a Perl interpreter to parse a Perl script. See perlembed.
int perl_parse(!PerlInterpreter?* interp, XSINIT_t xsinit, int argc, char** argv, char** env)
perl_run
Tells a Perl interpreter to run. See perlembed.
int perl_run(!PerlInterpreter?* interp)
PL_modglobal
PL_modglobal is a general purpose, interpreter global HV for use by extensions that need to keep information on a per-interpreter basis. In a pinch, it can also be used as a symbol table for extensions to share data among each other. It is a good idea to use keys prefixed by the package name of the extension that owns the data.
HV* PL_modglobal
PL_na
A convenience variable which is typically used with SvPV when one doesn't care about the length of the string. It is usually more efficient to either declare a local variable and use that instead or to use the SvPV_nolen macro.
STRLEN PL_na
PL_sv_no
This is the false SV . See PL_sv_yes. Always refer to this as .
SV PL_sv_no
PL_sv_undef
This is the undef SV . Always refer to this as .
SV PL_sv_undef
PL_sv_yes
This is the true SV . See PL_sv_no. Always refer to this as .
SV PL_sv_yes
POPi
Pops an integer off the stack.
IV POPi
POPl
Pops a long off the stack.
long POPl
POPn
Pops a double off the stack.
NV POPn
POPp
Pops a string off the stack.
char* POPp
POPs
Pops an SV off the stack.
SV* POPs
PUSHi
Push an integer onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element. Handles 'set' magic. See XPUSHi.
void PUSHi(IV iv)
PUSHMARK
Opening bracket for arguments on a callback. See PUTBACK and perlcall.
PUSHMARK;
PUSHn
Push a double onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element. Handles 'set' magic. See XPUSHn.
void PUSHn(NV nv)
PUSHp
Push a string onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element. The len indicates the length of the string. Handles 'set' magic. See XPUSHp.
void PUSHp(char* str, STRLEN len)
PUSHs
Push an SV onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element. Does not handle 'set' magic. See XPUSHs.
void PUSHs(SV* sv)
PUSHu
Push an unsigned integer onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element. See XPUSHu.
void PUSHu(UV uv)
PUTBACK
Closing bracket for XSUB arguments. This is usually handled by xsubpp. See PUSHMARK and perlcall for other uses.
PUTBACK;
Renew
The XSUB-writer's interface to the C realloc function.
void Renew(void* ptr, int nitems, type)
Renewc
The XSUB-writer's interface to the C realloc function, with cast.
void Renewc(void* ptr, int nitems, type, cast)
require_pv
Tells Perl to require a module.
NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
void require_pv(const char* pv)
RETVAL
Variable which is setup by xsubpp to hold the return value for an XSUB . This is always the proper type for the XSUB . See ``The RETVAL Variable'' in perlxs.
(whatever) RETVAL
Safefree
The XSUB-writer's interface to the C free function.
void Safefree(void* ptr)
savepv
Copy a string to a safe spot. This does not use an SV .
char* savepv(const char* sv)
savepvn
Copy a string to a safe spot. The len indicates number of bytes to copy. This does not use an SV .
char* savepvn(const char* sv, I32 len)
SAVETMPS
Opening bracket for temporaries on a callback. See FREETMPS and perlcall.
SAVETMPS;
SP
Stack pointer. This is usually handled by xsubpp. See dSP and SPAGAIN.
SPAGAIN
Refetch the stack pointer. Used after a callback. See perlcall.
SPAGAIN;
ST
Used to access elements on the XSUB 's stack.
SV* ST(int ix)
strEQ
Test two strings to see if they are equal. Returns true or false.
bool strEQ(char* s1, char* s2)
strGE
Test two strings to see if the first, s1, is greater than or equal to the second, s2. Returns true or false.
bool strGE(char* s1, char* s2)
strGT
Test two strings to see if the first, s1, is greater than the second, s2. Returns true or false.
bool strGT(char* s1, char* s2)
strLE
Test two strings to see if the first, s1, is less than or equal to the second, s2. Returns true or false.
bool strLE(char* s1, char* s2)
strLT
Test two strings to see if the first, s1, is less than the second, s2. Returns true or false.
bool strLT(char* s1, char* s2)
strNE
Test two strings to see if they are different. Returns true or false.
bool strNE(char* s1, char* s2)
strnEQ
Test two strings to see if they are equal. The len parameter indicates the number of bytes to compare. Returns true or false. (A wrapper for strncmp).
bool strnEQ(char* s1, char* s2, STRLEN len)
strnNE
Test two strings to see if they are different. The len parameter indicates the number of bytes to compare. Returns true or false. (A wrapper for strncmp).
bool strnNE(char* s1, char* s2, STRLEN len)
This is an architecture-independent macro to copy one structure to another.
void !StructCopy?(type src, type dest, type)
SvCUR
Returns the length of the string which is in the SV . See SvLEN.
STRLEN SvCUR(SV* sv)
SvCUR_set
Set the length of the string which is in the SV . See SvCUR.
void SvCUR_set(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
SvEND
Returns a pointer to the last character in the string which is in the SV . See SvCUR. Access the character as *(SvEND(sv)).
char* SvEND(SV* sv)
SvGETMAGIC
Invokes mg_get on an SV if it has 'get' magic. This macro evaluates its argument more than once.
void SvGETMAGIC(SV* sv)
SvGROW
Expands the character buffer in the SV so that it has room for the indicated number of bytes (remember to reserve space for an extra trailing NUL character). Calls sv_grow to perform the expansion if necessary. Returns a pointer to the character buffer.
void SvGROW(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
SvIOK
Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains an integer.
bool SvIOK(SV* sv)
SvIOKp
Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains an integer. Checks the private setting. Use SvIOK.
bool SvIOKp(SV* sv)
SvIOK_notUV
Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains an signed integer.
void SvIOK_notUV(SV* sv)
SvIOK_off
Unsets the IV status of an SV .
void SvIOK_off(SV* sv)
SvIOK_on
Tells an SV that it is an integer.
void SvIOK_on(SV* sv)
SvIOK_only
Tells an SV that it is an integer and disables all other OK bits.
void SvIOK_only(SV* sv)
SvIOK_only_UV
Tells and SV that it is an unsigned integer and disables all other OK bits.
void SvIOK_only_UV(SV* sv)
SvIOK_UV
Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains an unsigned integer.
void SvIOK_UV(SV* sv)
SvIV
Coerces the given SV to an integer and returns it.
IV SvIV(SV* sv)
SvIVX
Returns the integer which is stored in the SV , assuming SvIOK is true.
IV SvIVX(SV* sv)
SvLEN
Returns the size of the string buffer in the SV , not including any part attributable to SvOOK. See SvCUR.
STRLEN SvLEN(SV* sv)
SvNIOK
Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains a number, integer or double.
bool SvNIOK(SV* sv)
SvNIOKp
Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains a number, integer or double. Checks the private setting. Use SvNIOK.
bool SvNIOKp(SV* sv)
SvNIOK_off
Unsets the NV/IV status of an SV .
void SvNIOK_off(SV* sv)
SvNOK
Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains a double.
bool SvNOK(SV* sv)
SvNOKp
Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains a double. Checks the private setting. Use SvNOK.
bool SvNOKp(SV* sv)
SvNOK_off
Unsets the NV status of an SV .
void SvNOK_off(SV* sv)
SvNOK_on
Tells an SV that it is a double.
void SvNOK_on(SV* sv)
SvNOK_only
Tells an SV that it is a double and disables all other OK bits.
void SvNOK_only(SV* sv)
SvNV
Coerce the given SV to a double and return it.
NV SvNV(SV* sv)
SvNVX
Returns the double which is stored in the SV , assuming SvNOK is true.
NV SvNVX(SV* sv)
SvOK
Returns a boolean indicating whether the value is an SV .
bool SvOK(SV* sv)
SvOOK
Returns a boolean indicating whether the SvIVX is a valid offset value for the SvPVX. This hack is used internally to speed up removal of characters from the beginning of a SvPV. When SvOOK is true, then the start of the allocated string buffer is really (SvPVX - SvIVX).
bool SvOOK(SV* sv)
SvPOK
Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains a character string.
bool SvPOK(SV* sv)
SvPOKp
Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains a character string. Checks the private setting. Use SvPOK.
bool SvPOKp(SV* sv)
SvPOK_off
Unsets the PV status of an SV .
void SvPOK_off(SV* sv)
SvPOK_on
Tells an SV that it is a string.
void SvPOK_on(SV* sv)
SvPOK_only
Tells an SV that it is a string and disables all other OK bits.
void SvPOK_only(SV* sv)
SvPOK_only_UTF8
Tells an SV that it is a UTF8 string (do not use frivolously) and disables all other OK bits.
void SvPOK_only_UTF8(SV* sv)
SvPV
Returns a pointer to the string in the SV , or a stringified form of the SV if the SV does not contain a string. Handles 'get' magic.
char* SvPV(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
SvPVX
Returns a pointer to the string in the SV . The SV must contain a string.
char* SvPVX(SV* sv)
SvPV_force
Like SV into becoming a string (SvPOK). You want force if you are going to update the SvPVX directly.
char* SvPV_force(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
SvPV_nolen
Returns a pointer to the string in the SV , or a stringified form of the SV if the SV does not contain a string. Handles 'get' magic.
char* SvPV_nolen(SV* sv)
SvREFCNT
Returns the value of the object's reference count.
U32 SvREFCNT(SV* sv)
SvREFCNT_dec
Decrements the reference count of the given SV .
void SvREFCNT_dec(SV* sv)
SvREFCNT_inc
Increments the reference count of the given SV .
SV* SvREFCNT_inc(SV* sv)
SvROK
Tests if the SV is an RV .
bool SvROK(SV* sv)
SvROK_off
Unsets the RV status of an SV .
void SvROK_off(SV* sv)
SvROK_on
Tells an SV that it is an RV .
void SvROK_on(SV* sv)
SvRV
Dereferences an RV to return the SV .
SV* SvRV(SV* sv)
SvSETMAGIC
Invokes mg_set on an SV if it has 'set' magic. This macro evaluates its argument more than once.
void SvSETMAGIC(SV* sv)
SvSetSV
Calls sv_setsv if dsv is not the same as ssv. May evaluate arguments more than once.
void SvSetSV(SV* dsb, SV* ssv)
SvSetSV_nosteal
Calls a non-destructive version of sv_setsv if dsv is not the same as ssv. May evaluate arguments more than once.
void SvSetSV_nosteal(SV* dsv, SV* ssv)
SvSTASH
Returns the stash of the SV .
HV* SvSTASH(SV* sv)
SvTAINT
Taints an SV if tainting is enabled
void SvTAINT(SV* sv)
SvTAINTED
Checks to see if an SV is tainted. Returns TRUE if it is, FALSE if not.
bool SvTAINTED(SV* sv)
SvTAINTED_off
Untaints an SV . Be very careful with this routine, as it short-circuits some of Perl's fundamental security features. XS module authors should not use this function unless they fully understand all the implications of unconditionally untainting the value. Untainting should be done in the standard perl fashion, via a carefully crafted regexp, rather than directly untainting variables.
void SvTAINTED_off(SV* sv)
SvTAINTED_on
Marks an SV as tainted.
void SvTAINTED_on(SV* sv)
SvTRUE
Returns a boolean indicating whether Perl would evaluate the SV as true or false, defined or undefined. Does not handle 'get' magic.
bool SvTRUE(SV* sv)
svtype
An enum of flags for Perl types. These are found in the file sv.h in the svtype enum. Test these flags with the SvTYPE macro.
SvTYPE
Returns the type of the SV . See svtype.
svtype SvTYPE(SV* sv)
SVt_IV
Integer type flag for scalars. See svtype.
SVt_NV
Double type flag for scalars. See svtype.
SVt_PV
Pointer type flag for scalars. See svtype.
SVt_PVAV
Type flag for arrays. See svtype.
SVt_PVCV
Type flag for code refs. See svtype.
SVt_PVHV
Type flag for hashes. See svtype.
SVt_PVMG
Type flag for blessed scalars. See svtype.
SvUPGRADE
Used to upgrade an SV to a more complex form. Uses sv_upgrade to perform the upgrade if necessary. See svtype.
void SvUPGRADE(SV* sv, svtype type)
SvUTF8
Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains UTF-8 encoded data.
void SvUTF8(SV* sv)
SvUTF8_off
Unsets the UTF8 status of an SV .
void SvUTF8_off(SV *sv)
SvUTF8_on
Tells an SV that it is a string and encoded in UTF8 . Do not use frivolously.
void SvUTF8_on(SV *sv)
SvUV
Coerces the given SV to an unsigned integer and returns it.
UV SvUV(SV* sv)
SvUVX
Returns the unsigned integer which is stored in the SV , assuming SvIOK is true.
UV SvUVX(SV* sv)
sv_2mortal
Marks an SV as mortal. The SV will be destroyed when the current context ends.
SV* sv_2mortal(SV* sv)
sv_bless
Blesses an SV into a specified package. The SV must be an RV . The package must be designated by its stash (see gv_stashpv()). The reference count of the SV is unaffected.
SV* sv_bless(SV* sv, HV* stash)
sv_catpv
Concatenates the string onto the end of the string which is in the SV . Handles 'get' magic, but not 'set' magic. See sv_catpv_mg.
void sv_catpv(SV* sv, const char* ptr)
sv_catpvf
Processes its arguments like sprintf and appends the formatted output to an SV . Handles 'get' magic, but not 'set' magic. SvSETMAGIC() must typically be called after calling this function to handle 'set' magic.
void sv_catpvf(SV* sv, const char* pat, ...)
sv_catpvf_mg
Like sv_catpvf, but also handles 'set' magic.
void sv_catpvf_mg(SV sv, const char pat, ...)
sv_catpvn
Concatenates the string onto the end of the string which is in the SV . The len indicates number of bytes to copy. Handles 'get' magic, but not 'set' magic. See sv_catpvn_mg.
void sv_catpvn(SV* sv, const char* ptr, STRLEN len)
sv_catpvn_mg
Like sv_catpvn, but also handles 'set' magic.
void sv_catpvn_mg(SV *sv, const char *ptr, STRLEN len)
sv_catpv_mg
Like sv_catpv, but also handles 'set' magic.
void sv_catpv_mg(SV *sv, const char *ptr)
sv_catsv
Concatenates the string from SV ssv onto the end of the string in SV dsv. Modifies dsv but not ssv. Handles 'get' magic, but not 'set' magic. See sv_catsv_mg.
void sv_catsv(SV* dsv, SV* ssv)
sv_catsv_mg
Like sv_catsv, but also handles 'set' magic.
void sv_catsv_mg(SV *dstr, SV *sstr)
sv_chop
Efficient removal of characters from the beginning of the string buffer. SvPOK(sv) must be true and the ptr must be a pointer to somewhere inside the string buffer. The ptr becomes the first character of the adjusted string.
void sv_chop(SV* sv, char* ptr)
sv_clear
Clear an SV , making it empty. Does not free the memory used by the SV itself.
void sv_clear(SV* sv)
sv_cmp
Compares the strings in two SVs. Returns -1, 0, or 1 indicating whether the string in sv1 is less than, equal to, or greater than the string in sv2.
I32 sv_cmp(SV* sv1, SV* sv2)
sv_cmp_locale
Compares the strings in two SVs in a locale-aware manner. See ``sv_cmp_locale''
I32 sv_cmp_locale(SV* sv1, SV* sv2)
sv_dec
Auto-decrement of the value in the SV .
void sv_dec(SV* sv)
sv_derived_from
Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV is derived from the specified class. This is the function that implements UNIVERSAL::isa. It works for class names as well as for objects.
bool sv_derived_from(SV* sv, const char* name)
sv_eq
Returns a boolean indicating whether the strings in the two SVs are identical.
I32 sv_eq(SV* sv1, SV* sv2)
sv_free
Free the memory used by an SV .
void sv_free(SV* sv)
sv_gets
Get a line from the filehandle and store it into the SV , optionally appending to the currently-stored string.
char* sv_gets(SV* sv, PerlIO* fp, I32 append)
sv_grow
Expands the character buffer in the SV . This will use sv_unref and will upgrade the SV to SVt_PV. Returns a pointer to the character buffer. Use SvGROW.
char* sv_grow(SV* sv, STRLEN newlen)
sv_inc
Auto-increment of the value in the SV .
void sv_inc(SV* sv)
sv_insert
Inserts a string at the specified offset/length within the SV . Similar to the Perl substr() function.
void sv_insert(SV* bigsv, STRLEN offset, STRLEN len, char* little, STRLEN littlelen)
sv_isa
Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV is blessed into the specified class. This does not check for subtypes; use sv_derived_from to verify an inheritance relationship.
int sv_isa(SV* sv, const char* name)
sv_isobject
Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV is an RV pointing to a blessed object. If the SV is not an RV , or if the object is not blessed, then this will return false.
int sv_isobject(SV* sv)
sv_len
Returns the length of the string in the SV . See also SvCUR.
STRLEN sv_len(SV* sv)
sv_len_utf8
Returns the number of characters in the string in an SV , counting wide UTF8 bytes as a single character.
STRLEN sv_len_utf8(SV* sv)
sv_magic
Adds magic to an SV .
void sv_magic(SV* sv, SV* obj, int how, const char* name, I32 namlen)
sv_mortalcopy
Creates a new SV which is a copy of the original SV . The new SV is marked as mortal.
SV* sv_mortalcopy(SV* oldsv)
sv_newmortal
Creates a new SV which is mortal. The reference count of the SV is set to 1.
SV* sv_newmortal()
sv_pvn_force
Get a sensible string out of the SV somehow.
char* sv_pvn_force(SV* sv, STRLEN* lp)
sv_pvutf8n_force
Get a sensible UTF8-encoded string out of the SV somehow. See ``sv_pvn_force''.
char* sv_pvutf8n_force(SV* sv, STRLEN* lp)
sv_reftype
Returns a string describing what the SV is a reference to.
char* sv_reftype(SV* sv, int ob)
sv_replace
Make the first argument a copy of the second, then delete the original.
void sv_replace(SV* sv, SV* nsv)
sv_rvweaken
Weaken a reference.
SV* sv_rvweaken(SV *sv)
sv_setiv
Copies an integer into the given SV . Does not handle 'set' magic. See sv_setiv_mg.
void sv_setiv(SV* sv, IV num)
sv_setiv_mg
Like sv_setiv, but also handles 'set' magic.
void sv_setiv_mg(SV *sv, IV i)
sv_setnv
Copies a double into the given SV . Does not handle 'set' magic. See sv_setnv_mg.
void sv_setnv(SV* sv, NV num)
sv_setnv_mg
Like sv_setnv, but also handles 'set' magic.
void sv_setnv_mg(SV *sv, NV num)
sv_setpv
Copies a string into an SV . The string must be null-terminated. Does not handle 'set' magic. See sv_setpv_mg.
void sv_setpv(SV* sv, const char* ptr)
sv_setpvf
Processes its arguments like sprintf and sets an SV to the formatted output. Does not handle 'set' magic. See sv_setpvf_mg.
void sv_setpvf(SV* sv, const char* pat, ...)
sv_setpvf_mg
Like sv_setpvf, but also handles 'set' magic.
void sv_setpvf_mg(SV sv, const char pat, ...)
sv_setpviv
Copies an integer into the given SV , also updating its string value. Does not handle 'set' magic. See sv_setpviv_mg.
void sv_setpviv(SV* sv, IV num)
sv_setpviv_mg
Like sv_setpviv, but also handles 'set' magic.
void sv_setpviv_mg(SV *sv, IV iv)
sv_setpvn
Copies a string into an SV . The len parameter indicates the number of bytes to be copied. Does not handle 'set' magic. See sv_setpvn_mg.
void sv_setpvn(SV* sv, const char* ptr, STRLEN len)
sv_setpvn_mg
Like sv_setpvn, but also handles 'set' magic.
void sv_setpvn_mg(SV *sv, const char *ptr, STRLEN len)
sv_setpv_mg
Like sv_setpv, but also handles 'set' magic.
void sv_setpv_mg(SV *sv, const char *ptr)
sv_setref_iv
Copies an integer into a new SV , optionally blessing the SV . The rv argument will be upgraded to an RV . That RV will be modified to point to the new SV . The classname argument indicates the package for the blessing. Set classname to Nullch to avoid the blessing. The new SV will be returned and will have a reference count of 1.
SV* sv_setref_iv(SV* rv, const char* classname, IV iv)
sv_setref_nv
Copies a double into a new SV , optionally blessing the SV . The rv argument will be upgraded to an RV . That RV will be modified to point to the new SV . The classname argument indicates the package for the blessing. Set classname to Nullch to avoid the blessing. The new SV will be returned and will have a reference count of 1.
SV* sv_setref_nv(SV* rv, const char* classname, NV nv)
sv_setref_pv
Copies a pointer into a new SV , optionally blessing the SV . The rv argument will be upgraded to an RV . That RV will be modified to point to the new SV . If the pv argument is NULL then PL_sv_undef will be placed into the SV . The classname argument indicates the package for the blessing. Set classname to Nullch to avoid the blessing. The new SV will be returned and will have a reference count of 1.
Do not use with other Perl types such as HV , AV , SV , CV , because those objects will become corrupted by the pointer copy process.
Note that sv_setref_pvn copies the string while this copies the pointer.
SV* sv_setref_pv(SV* rv, const char* classname, void* pv)
sv_setref_pvn
Copies a string into a new SV , optionally blessing the SV . The length of the string must be specified with n. The rv argument will be upgraded to an RV . That RV will be modified to point to the new SV . The classname argument indicates the package for the blessing. Set classname to Nullch to avoid the blessing. The new SV will be returned and will have a reference count of 1.
Note that sv_setref_pv copies the pointer while this copies the string.
SV* sv_setref_pvn(SV* rv, const char* classname, char* pv, STRLEN n)
sv_setsv
Copies the contents of the source SV ssv into the destination SV dsv. The source SV may be destroyed if it is mortal. Does not handle 'set' magic. See the macro forms SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal and sv_setsv_mg.
void sv_setsv(SV* dsv, SV* ssv)
sv_setsv_mg
Like sv_setsv, but also handles 'set' magic.
void sv_setsv_mg(SV *dstr, SV *sstr)
sv_setuv
Copies an unsigned integer into the given SV . Does not handle 'set' magic. See sv_setuv_mg.
void sv_setuv(SV* sv, UV num)
sv_setuv_mg
Like sv_setuv, but also handles 'set' magic.
void sv_setuv_mg(SV *sv, UV u)
sv_true
Returns true if the SV has a true value by Perl's rules.
I32 sv_true(SV *sv)
sv_unmagic
Removes magic from an SV .
int sv_unmagic(SV* sv, int type)
sv_unref
Unsets the RV status of the SV , and decrements the reference count of whatever was being referenced by the RV . This can almost be thought of as a reversal of newSVrv. See SvROK_off.
void sv_unref(SV* sv)
sv_upgrade
Upgrade an SV to a more complex form. Use SvUPGRADE. See svtype.
bool sv_upgrade(SV* sv, U32 mt)
sv_usepvn
Tells an SV to use ptr to find its string value. Normally the string is stored inside the SV but sv_usepvn allows the SV to use an outside string. The ptr should point to memory that was allocated by malloc. The string length, len, must be supplied. This function will realloc the memory pointed to by ptr, so that pointer should not be freed or used by the programmer after giving it to sv_usepvn. Does not handle 'set' magic. See sv_usepvn_mg.
void sv_usepvn(SV* sv, char* ptr, STRLEN len)
sv_usepvn_mg
Like sv_usepvn, but also handles 'set' magic.
void sv_usepvn_mg(SV *sv, char *ptr, STRLEN len)
sv_utf8_downgrade
Attempt to convert the PV of an SV from UTF8-encoded to byte encoding. This may not be possible if the PV contains non-byte encoding characters; if this is the case, either returns false or, if fail_ok is not true, croaks.
NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be removed without notice.
bool sv_utf8_downgrade(SV *sv, bool fail_ok)
sv_utf8_encode
Convert the PV of an SV to UTF8-encoded, but then turn off the SvUTF8 flag so that it looks like bytes again. Nothing calls this.
NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be removed without notice.
void sv_utf8_encode(SV *sv)
sv_utf8_upgrade
Convert the PV of an SV to its UTF8-encoded form.
NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be removed without notice.
void sv_utf8_upgrade(SV *sv)
sv_vcatpvfn
Processes its arguments like vsprintf and appends the formatted output to an SV . Uses an array of SVs if the C style variable argument list is missing ( NULL ). When running with taint checks enabled, indicates via maybe_tainted if results are untrustworthy (often due to the use of locales).
void sv_vcatpvfn(SV* sv, const char* pat, STRLEN patlen, va_list* args, SV** svargs, I32 svmax, bool *maybe_tainted)
sv_vsetpvfn
Works like vcatpvfn but copies the text into the SV instead of appending it.
void sv_vsetpvfn(SV* sv, const char* pat, STRLEN patlen, va_list* args, SV** svargs, I32 svmax, bool *maybe_tainted)
THIS
Variable which is setup by xsubpp to designate the object in a C ++ XSUB . This is always the proper type for the C ++ object. See CLASS and ``Using XS With C
+ '' in perlxs.
(whatever) THIS
toLOWER
Converts the specified character to lowercase.
char toLOWER(char ch)
toUPPER
Converts the specified character to uppercase.
char toUPPER(char ch)
utf8_distance
Returns the number of UTF8 characters between the UTF-8 pointers a and b.
WARNING: use only if you know that the pointers point inside the same UTF-8 buffer.
NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be removed without notice.
IV utf8_distance(U8 *a, U8 *b)
utf8_hop
Return the UTF-8 pointer s displaced by off characters, either forward or backward.
WARNING: do not use the following unless you know off is within the UTF-8 data pointed to by s and that on entry s is aligned on the first byte of character or just after the last byte of a character.
NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be removed without notice.
U8* utf8_hop(U8 *s, I32 off)
utf8_length
Return the length of the UTF-8 char encoded string s in characters. Stops at e (inclusive). If e or if the scan would end up past e, croaks.
NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be removed without notice.
STRLEN utf8_length(U8* s, U8 *e)
utf8_to_bytes
Converts a string s of length len from UTF8 into byte encoding. Unlike bytes_to_utf8, this over-writes the original string, and updates len to contain the new length. Returns zero on failure, setting len to -1.
NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be removed without notice.
U8* utf8_to_bytes(U8 *s, STRLEN *len)
utf8_to_uv
Returns the character value of the first character in the string s which is assumed to be in UTF8 encoding and no longer than curlen; retlen will be set to the length, in bytes, of that character.
If s does not point to a well-formed UTF8 character, the behaviour is dependent on the value of flags: if it contains UTF8_CHECK_ONLY , it is assumed that the caller will raise a warning, and this function will silently just set retlen to -1 and return zero. If the flags does not contain UTF8_CHECK_ONLY , warnings about malformations will be given, retlen will be set to the expected length of the UTF-8 character in bytes, and zero will be returned.
The flags can also contain various flags to allow deviations from the strict UTF-8 encoding (see utf8.h).
NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be removed without notice.
UV utf8_to_uv(U8 s, STRLEN curlen, STRLEN retlen, U32 flags)
utf8_to_uv_simple
Returns the character value of the first character in the string s which is assumed to be in UTF8 encoding; retlen will be set to the length, in bytes, of that character.
If s does not point to a well-formed UTF8 character, zero is returned and retlen is set, if possible, to -1.
NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be removed without notice.
UV utf8_to_uv_simple(U8 s, STRLEN retlen)
uv_to_utf8
Adds the UTF8 representation of the Unicode codepoint uv to the end of the string d; d should be have at least UTF8_MAXLEN+1 free bytes available. The return value is the pointer to the byte after the end of the new character. In other words,
d = uv_to_utf8(d, uv);
is the recommended Unicode-aware way of saying
NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be removed without notice.
U8* uv_to_utf8(U8 *d, UV uv)
warn
This is the XSUB-writer's interface to Perl's warn function. Use this function the same way you use the C printf function. See croak.
void warn(const char* pat, ...)
XPUSHi
Push an integer onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. Handles 'set' magic. See PUSHi.
void XPUSHi(IV iv)
XPUSHn
Push a double onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. Handles 'set' magic. See PUSHn.
void XPUSHn(NV nv)
XPUSHp
Push a string onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. The len indicates the length of the string. Handles 'set' magic. See PUSHp.
void XPUSHp(char* str, STRLEN len)
XPUSHs
Push an SV onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. Does not handle 'set' magic. See PUSHs.
void XPUSHs(SV* sv)
XPUSHu
Push an unsigned integer onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. See PUSHu.
void XPUSHu(UV uv)
XS
Macro to declare an XSUB and its C parameter list. This is handled by xsubpp.
XSRETURN
Return from XSUB , indicating number of items on the stack. This is usually handled by xsubpp.
void XSRETURN(int nitems)
XSRETURN_EMPTY
Return an empty list from an XSUB immediately.
XSRETURN_EMPTY;
XSRETURN_IV
Return an integer from an XSUB immediately. Uses XST_mIV.
void XSRETURN_IV(IV iv)
XSRETURN_NO
Return from an XSUB immediately. Uses XST_mNO.
XSRETURN_NO;
XSRETURN_NV
Return an double from an XSUB immediately. Uses XST_mNV.
void XSRETURN_NV(NV nv)
XSRETURN_PV
Return a copy of a string from an XSUB immediately. Uses XST_mPV.
void XSRETURN_PV(char* str)
XSRETURN_UNDEF
Return from an XSUB immediately. Uses XST_mUNDEF.
XSRETURN_UNDEF;
XSRETURN_YES
Return from an XSUB immediately. Uses XST_mYES.
XSRETURN_YES;
XST_mIV
Place an integer into the specified position pos on the stack. The value is stored in a new mortal SV .
void XST_mIV(int pos, IV iv)
XST_mNO
Place into the specified position pos on the stack.
void XST_mNO(int pos)
XST_mNV
Place a double into the specified position pos on the stack. The value is stored in a new mortal SV .
void XST_mNV(int pos, NV nv)
XST_mPV
Place a copy of a string into the specified position pos on the stack. The value is stored in a new mortal SV .
void XST_mPV(int pos, char* str)
XST_mUNDEF
Place into the specified position pos on the stack.
void XST_mUNDEF(int pos)
XST_mYES
Place into the specified position pos on the stack.
void XST_mYES(int pos)
XS_VERSION
The version identifier for an XS module. This is usually handled automatically by
XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK.
XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK
Macro to verify that a PM module's $VERSION variable matches the XS module's XS_VERSION variable. This is usually handled automatically by xsubpp. See ``The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword'' in perlxs.
XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK;
Zero
The XSUB-writer's interface to the C memzero function. The dest is the destination, nitems is the number of items, and type is the type.
void Zero(void* dest, int nitems, type)
Until May 1997, this document was maintained by Jeff Okamoto
With lots of help and suggestions from Dean Roehrich, Malcolm Beattie, Andreas Koenig, Paul Hudson, Ilya Zakharevich, Paul Marquess, Neil Bowers, Matthew Green, Tim Bunce, Spider Boardman, Ulrich Pfeifer, Stephen !McCamant?, and Gurusamy Sarathy.
API Listing originally by Dean Roehrich
Updated to be autogenerated from comments in the source by Benjamin Stuhl.
perlguts(1), perlxs(1), perlxstut(1), perlintern(1)
3 pages link to perlapi(1):
