LOCKFILE
NAME SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION EXAMPLES ENVIRONMENT FILES SEE ALSO DIAGNOSTICS BUGS WARNINGS MISCELLANEOUS NOTES SOURCE MAILINGLIST AUTHORS
lockfile - conditional semaphore-file creator
lockfile -sleeptime | -r retries | -l locktimeout | -s suspend | -! | -ml | -mu | filename ...
lockfile can be used to create one or more semaphore files. If lockfile can't create all the specified files (in the specified order), it waits sleeptime (defaults to 8) seconds and retries the last file that didn't succeed. You can specify the number of retries to do until failure is returned. If the number of retries is -1 (default, i.e., -r-1) lockfile will retry forever.
If the number of retries expires before all files have been created, lockfile returns failure and removes all the files it created up till that point.
Using lockfile as the condition of a loop in a shell script can be done easily by using the -! flag to invert the exit status. To prevent infinite loops, failures for any reason other than the lockfile already existing are not inverted to success but rather are still returned as failures.
All flags can be specified anywhere on the command line, they will be processed when encountered. The command line is simply parsed from left to right.
All files created by lockfile will be read-only, and therefore will have to be removed with __rm
If you specify a locktimeout then a lockfile will be removed by force after locktimeout seconds have passed since the lockfile was last modified/created (most likely by some other program that unexpectedly died a long time ago, and hence could not clean up any leftover lockfiles). Lockfile is clock skew immune. After a lockfile has been removed by force, a suspension of suspend seconds (defaults to 16) is taken into account, in order to prevent the inadvertent immediate removal of any newly created lockfile by another program (compare SUSPEND in procmail(1)).
Mailbox locks
If the permissions on the system mail spool directory allow it, or if lockfile is suitably setgid, it will be able to lock and unlock your system mailbox by using the options -ml and -mu respectively.
Suppose you want to make sure that access to the file
...
lockfile important.lock ... access_ Now if all the scripts that access
LOGNAME used as a hint to determine the invoker's loginname
/etc/passwd to verify and/or correct the invoker's loginname (and to find out his HOME directory, if needed)
/var/mail/$LOGNAME.lock
lockfile for the system mailbox, the environment variables present in here will not be taken from the environment, but will be determined by looking in /etc/passwd
rm(1), mail(1), binmail(1)?, sendmail(8), procmail(1)
Filename too long, ...
Use shorter filenames.
Forced unlock denied on
No write permission in the directo- ry where lockfile
Forcing lock on
Lockfile LOCKTIMEOUT__ in procmail(1)).
Out of memory, ...
The system is out of swap space.
Signal received, ...
Lockfile will remove anything it created till now and terminate.
Sorry, ... The retries limit has been reached.
Truncating
Try praying, ...
Missing subdirectories or insuffi- cient privileges.
Definitely less than one.
The behavior of the -! flag, while useful, is not neces- sarily intuitive or consistent. When testing lockfile's return value, shell script writers should consider care- fully whether they want to use the -! flag, simply re- verse the test, or do a switch on the exact exitcode. In general, the -! flag should only be used when lockfile is the conditional of a loop.
Lockfile is NFS-resistant and eight-bit clean.
Calling up lockfile with the -h or -? options will cause it to display a command-line help page. Calling it up with the
information.
Multiple -! flags will toggle the return status.
Since flags can occur anywhere on the command line, any filename starting with a '-' has to be preceded by './'.
The number of retries will not be reset when any following file is being created (i.e., they are simply used up). It can, however, be reset by specifying
line.
Although files with any name can be used as lockfiles, it is common practice to use the extension `.lock' to lock mailfolders (it is appended to the mailfolder name). In case one does not want to have to worry about too long filenames and does not have to conform to any other lock- filename convention, then an excellent way to generate a lockfilename corresponding to some already existing file is by taking the prefix `lock.' and appending the i-node number of the file which is to be locked.
This program is part of the procmail
mail-processing-pack- age (v3.22) available at
http://www.procmail.org/ or ftp.procmail.org in
pub/procmail/.
There exists a mailinglist for questions relating to any
for subscription requests.
If you would like to stay informed about new versions and official patches send a subscription request to
procmail-announce-request@procmail.org
(this is a readonly list).
Stephen R. van den Berg
Philip A. Guenther
6 pages link to lockfile(1):
