Differences between version 12 and predecessor to the previous major change of NTPServers.
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| Newer page: | version 12 | Last edited on Tuesday, August 21, 2012 7:35:26 pm | by SamBailey | Revert |
| Older page: | version 7 | Last edited on Sunday, February 7, 2010 2:11:58 pm | by JimCheetham | Revert |
@@ -1,76 +1,100 @@
-!!! [
NTP]
in NewZealand
+!!! NTP Servers
in New Zealand
-Have a look at http://www.cosc.canterbury.ac.nz/research/reports/TechReps/1999/tr_9901.pdf for a scientific study (from 1999) of the topology of the country's main [
NTP]
servers. (A bit dated as [GPS] is much more widely available now).
+Have a look at http://www.cosc.canterbury.ac.nz/research/reports/TechReps/1999/tr_9901.pdf for a scientific study (from 1999) of the topology of the country's main NTP servers. (A bit dated as [GPS] is much more widely available now).
-There is a pool of NewZealand servers at <tt>nz.pool.ntp.org</tt>, which provides RoundRobin [DNS] access to publicly accessible [NTP] servers that have agreed to be part of the pool.
+!! Stratum 2 Servers
-!!! Stratum 1
[NTP] servers in NewZealand
+There is a pool of servers at <tt>nz.pool.ntp.org</tt>, which provides [Round Robin DNS|RoundRobin] access to publicly accessible
[NTP] servers that have agreed to be part of the pool.
-The Measurements Standards Laboratory at Industrial Reasearch Limited run a HP5071A caesium atomic clock which is part of the New Zealand time standard. This server is available at the address msltime.irl.cri.nz.
[Read more details. | http://msl.irl.cri.nz/services/time-and-frequency/ntp-server-information
]
+Many
[ISP
]s have NTP servers for their customers:
-TelstraClear generously provides a stratum 1 [NTP] server for public use:''''
+* <tt>ntp.iprolink.co.nz</tt>
+* <tt>ntp.iconz.co.nz</tt>
+* <tt>tk1.ihug.co.nz to tk3.ihug.co.nz</tt>
+* <tt>time.paradise.net.nz</tt>
- <tt>bigben.clix.net.nz</tt>
+Some universities have publicly accessible servers:
-However, you really shouldn't synchronise to a stratum one server for your small network -- if everyone did that then the server would probably need too much bandwidth
. Please read http://list
.waikato
.ac.nz/pipermail/nznog/2001-October/003705
.html
. The difference in accuracy between synching to a stratum 1 server
and a lower stratum server
is negligible!
+* <tt>ntp
.public
.otago
.ac.nz<
/tt> (Please notify before using)
+* <tt>ntp
.massey
.ac.nz</tt> (Use the [DNS] name, as its [IP] changed recently
and is now hosted by two machines)
-For example, read http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~plonka/netgear-sntp/ -- in summary, ~NetGear hard-coded
a public [
NTP] server into some of their consumer products, which eventually ended up using hundreds of Mbits/second of the university's bandwidth, even after they were forced to shut down the server
.
+For a long time [Waikato University|WaikatoUniversity] had
public NTP servers. They are still available but no longer publicly accessible
.
-!!! Other [NTP]
Servers
+!! Stratum 1
Servers
-Some NewZealand [ISP]s have NTP servers
for their customers
:
+You shouldn't synchronise to a stratum one server
for your small network -- if everyone did that then the server would probably need too much bandwidth. The difference in accuracy between synching to a stratum 1 server and a lower stratum server is negligible! [more|http
://list.waikato.ac.nz/pipermail/nznog/2001-October/003705.html]
-* <tt>ntp.iprolink.co.nz</tt>
-* <tt>ntp.iconz.co.nz</tt>
-* <tt>tk1.ihug.co.nz to tk3.ihug.co.nz</tt>
-* <tt>time.paradise.net
.nz</tt>
+!
.nz Registry Services
-or you could try querying your [ISP]'s [DNS]
servers with <tt>ntp<
/tt> or <tt>ntp1<
/tt>
.
+There are three stratum 1 NTP
servers provided by .nz Registry Services (NZRS) for network operators based within New Zealand. [more|http:
//ntp
.net.nz/]
-Many of NewZealand's Universities also have public time servers such as:
+* <tt>s1.ntp.net.nz</tt> is in Albany connected via FX.
+* <tt>s2.ntp.net.nz</tt> is in Auckland CBD connected via [ICONZ] and directly into [APE].
+* <tt>s3.ntp.net.nz</tt> is in Wellington CBD connected via FX and directly into [WIX].
-* <tt>ntp
.public
.otago
.ac
.nz</tt> (Please notify before using
)
-* <tt>ntp.massey
.ac
.nz
</tt> (Use
the [DNS
] name
, as its
[IP
] changed recently
and is now hosted by two machines
)
+All three are Symmetricom S300 NTP servers, each connected to a differential GPS antenna on the roof and each with a rubidium oscillator to provide a stable clock in the event of an issue with the GPS signal. [more|http://ntp.net.nz/architecture/]
+
+! The Measurements Standards Laboratory
+
+The standard for time in New Zealand is maintained by the Measurement Standards Laboratory, part of Industrial Research Limited. It is disseminated by various means, including NTP.
+
+
* <tt>msltime
.irl
.cri
.nz</tt>
+* <tt>msltime1.irl.cri
.nz</tt>
+* <tt>msltime2.irl.cri.nz</tt>
+
+They are FreeBSD-based servers that are referenced to UTC
(MSL
) by direct connection to a pulse per second signal from their master HP5071A caesium clock which is part of the New Zealand time standard. [more|http://msl.irl.cri.nz/services/time-and-frequency/ntp-server-information]
+
+!!! Servers in other countries
+
+<tt>pool.ntp.org</tt> has NTP server pools for many countries.
+
+* <tt>au.pool.
ntp.org</tt> Australia
+* <tt>us
.pool
.ntp.org
</tt> United States
+
+!! Stratum 1 Servers in the United States
+
+The US National Institute of Standards and Technology
(NIST) operates several publicly accessable stratum 1 time servers on
the pacific coast of the US. These servers are referenced to UTC(NIST) using the NIST Automated Computer Time Service (ACTS), a modem-based service established in 1988.
[more|http://tf.nist.gov/tf-cgi/servers.cgi
]
+
+* <tt>nist1.symmetricom.com</tt> San Jose
, California
+* <tt>nist1-sj.ustiming.org</tt> San Jose, California
+* <tt>nist1-la.ustiming.org</tt> Los Angeles, California
+* <tt>nist1.aol-ca.symmetricom.com</tt> Mountain View, California
+
+The US Naval Observatory (USNO) operates several stratum 1 time servers from it's Alternate Master Clock Facility (AMCF) at Falcon AFB, near Colorado Springs, on the same site
as the GPS Master Control Station. These servers are referenced to UTC(USNO) which is comprised of a large number of caesium and hydrogen maser standards in environmentally controlled vaults, spread across two sites linked via satellite.
[more|http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/clocks.html
]
+
+* <tt>tick.usnogps.navy.mil</tt>
+* <tt>tock.usnogps.navy.mil</tt>
+
+Hurricane electric operates several stratum 1 servers with good connectivity on the pacific coast of the US. [more|http://www.he.net/adm/ntp.html]
+
+* <tt>clock.sjc.he.net</tt> San Jose, California (CDMA, Endrun Praecis CNTP)
+* <tt>clock.fmt.he.net</tt> Fremont, California (GPS, Symmetricom NTS-150)
+
+!! Stratum 1 Servers in Australia
+
+The Australian National Measurement Institute (NMI) maintains the Australian time standard, UTC(AUS) using caesium
and hydrogen maser standards. NMI maintains a number of NTP servers which are referenced to UTC(AUS
). To use these servers, you need to register via email. [more|http://www.measurement.gov.au/Services/Pages/TimeandFrequencyDisseminationService.aspx]
-For a long time WaikatoUniversity had public [NTP] servers. They are still available but no longer publicly accessible.
+!!! Other Sources of Time in New Zealand
-!!! [NZ] Pool
+!! Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)
-Your
best bet
for a small home or office network is to set your server to <tt>nz
.pool.ntp.org</tt> or <tt>pool.ntp.org</tt>, which will use RoundRobin [DNS] to choose one
of the many servers now registered with that project
.
+GPS time signals have an accuracy of ±10ns, making them the
best option
for most applications
. The planned establishment
of Galileo by
the European Union and Compass by China will provide additional sources of time for compatible receivers
.
-!!! German
[NTP
] servers
+It's possible to sync a computer directly to the Pulse Per Second (PPS) output of a suitable GPS device using a serial or parallel port
[more|http://gpsppssync.sourceforge.net/
]. For better accuracy, there are PCI cards available with PPS inputs and/or built in GPS receivers. There are a variety of dedicated NTP
servers available, some with internal oscillators that can maintain a stable clock if the satellite signal is lost.
-Germany also has
a pool
.ntp.org entry: <tt>de.pool.ntp.org</tt>
+If you require better accuracy than GPS can provide, OmniSTAR provides GPS and GLONASS correction data via
a worldwide network of geostationary satellites and reference stations
.
-If that doesn't work for you, you could try some of the following servers:
+!! SW Radio
-* <tt>time1
.rrz.uni
-koeln
.de</tt>
-* <tt>time2.rrz.uni-koeln.de</tt>
-* <tt>time3.rrz.uni-koeln.de</tt>
-* <tt>ts-
1.rz.rwth-aachen.de<
/tt>
-* <tt>ntp1.t-online.de<
/tt>
-* <tt>www1
.rrz
.uni-koeln.de<
/tt>
-* <tt>hora.cs.tu-berlin.de<
/tt>
-* <tt>rustime01.rus.uni-stuttgart.de<
/tt>
-* <tt>rzfs2.rz.tu-bs.de<
/tt>
-* <tt>ns1
.hrz.uni-giessen.de<
/tt>
-* <tt>ntp2-rz.rrze.uni-erlangen.de<
/tt>
-* <tt>mailbox
.tu-berlin
.de<
/tt>
-* <tt>ntps1-.cs.tu-berlin.de</tt>
-* <tt>ntp0.fau.de</tt>
-* <tt>ntp1.fau.de</tt>
-* <tt>ntp2.fau.de</tt>
-* <tt>ntp3.fau.de</tt>
-* <tt>ptbtime1.ptb.de</tt>
-* <tt>ptbtime2.ptb.de<
/tt>
+It might be possible to receive the 5, 10 and 15 MHz signals broadcast from NIST's WWVH facility in Hawaii
. WWVH continuously broadcasts a time code on a 100
-Hz subcarrier
. The time code presents UTC(NIST) information in Binary Coded Decimal (BCD) at a rate of
1 pulse per second
. [more|http:
//www
.nist
.gov
/pml
/div688
/grp40
/wwv_format
.cfm] [wikipedia|http:
//en
.wikipedia
.org
/wiki
/WWV_(radio_station)#Broadcast_format]
-You might also want to look at a [very extensive list of public German NTP servers | http://www.hullen.de/helmut/filebox/DCF77/ntpsrvr.html].
+!! FM Radio
-!!! Other non-[NZ] servers
+Radio New Zealand broadcasts UTC(MSL) time signals on many of it's stations every hour. They consist of six 'pips' of 1000 Hz tone, at one second intervals, the beginning of each pip marking the exact second. When a pip marks the exact hour, its length is doubled. When a leap second is inserted seven pips are broadcast.
-As mentioned above, <tt>pool.ntp.org</tt> is a RoundRobin [DNS] for many [NTP] servers. Try <tt>''cc''.pool.ntp.org</tt>, where ''cc'' is a country code.
+!! Digital TV
-* [Public NTP server lists
at ntp
.org | http://support.ntp.org/bin/view/Servers/WebHome]
+Freeview transmits local time information using DVB-T
at least once every 15 seconds with an accuracy of ±2s
.
----
See also [NTPNotes]
