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| Newer page: | version 3 | Last edited on Tuesday, October 26, 2004 10:24:49 am | by AristotlePagaltzis | Revert |
| Older page: | version 2 | Last edited on Friday, June 7, 2002 1:07:00 am | by perry | Revert |
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-Linux + Windows HOWTO
-
-
-
-!!!
-Linux + Windows HOWTO v0.1.0 1999-11-04
-<menu >
-
-
-Overview
-
-<menu >
-
-
-Intended Audience
-
-
-
-How to Use This HOWTO
-
-
-
-Concepts
-
-</menu >
-
-
-Procedure (uc)
-
-<menu >
-
-
-Reference
-
-
-
-Backup
-
-
-
-Catalog
-
-
-
-Attach
-
-
-
-Compact
-
-
-
-Repartition
-
-
-
-Format
-
-
-
-Initial Program Load
-
-
-
-Boot Manager
-
-
-
-Mounting (uc)
-
-<menu >
-
-
-Windows partition visible from Linux (uc)
-
-
-
-Linux partition visible from Windows (uc)
-
-
-
-Permissions (uc)
-
-</menu >
-</menu >
-
-
-Choices (uc)
-
-<menu >
-
-
-Architecture
-
-
-
-Filesystem
-
-
-
-Linux
-
-
-
-Windows (uc)
-
-<menu >
-
-
-Windows 3.1 (uc)
-
-
-
-Windows 95 (uc)
-
-
-
-Windows 98 (uc)
-
-
-
-Windows 2000 (uc)
-
-
-
-Windows NT (uc)
-
-</menu >
-
-
-Backup Tools
-
-
-
-Compaction Tools
-
-
-
-Repartitioning Tools
-
-
-
-Boot Manager
-
-</menu >
-
-
-Actual Experience (uc)
-
-<menu >
-
-
-Adding linux to new computer preloaded
-with Windows 98 (uc)
-
-</menu >
-
-
-Appendices (uc)
-
-<menu >
-
-
-Frequently Asked Questions
-
-
-
-Caveats (uc)
-
-
-
-Tips and Tricks (uc)
-
-</menu >
-
-
-Reference (uc)
-
-<menu >
-
-
-Legend
-
-
-
-Glossary
-
-
-
-Bibliography
-
-
-
-Index (uc)
-
-</menu >
-
-
-This HOWTO
-
-<menu >
-
-
-Copyright and Licensing
-
-
-
-How to Report Errors or Omissions in This HOWTO
-
-
-
-Future Work
-
-
-
-Revision History
-
-</menu >
-</menu >
-----
-
-!!!
-Overview
-
-!!
-Intended Audience
-This HOWTO is aimed at assisting those who wish to use the features of
-both Windows and Linux on the same host.
-
-
-
-Nancy just bought a new computer. It came preloaded with Windows
-98. Nancy wants to run accounting software supported by Windows 98 and
-mathematical research software. Nancy is an accountant and donates her
-time as the accountant for the local chapter of a charitable organization.
-The charitable organization requires the chapters to use standard software
-that they have chosen. This software is only supported on Windows
-98, so Nancy must have Windows 98 to donate her accounting services.
-Nancy also teaches mathematics and personally pursues research mathematics.
-She is not a programmer amd doesn't want to waste unnecessary time doing
-system administration nor working with inflexible software. She believes
-that octave, c++ and the best research software is supported by unix.
-As a unix dialect she wants linux.
-
-
-
-Lisa is shopping for a new computer to replace her aging host. Her
-computer will be preloaded with !RedHat 6.2 linux. Lisa is a professional
-programmer, who plans to run a server and firewall on her old computer.
-Lisa wants a low maintenance machine that reliability does her bidding.
-Occasionally she needs to read and write files for Macintosh and/or Windows
-users. She plans to remove Windows 95 from her old computer and run
-a dedicated server and firewall under linux. In accordance with her
-Microsoft End User License Agreement she will transfer Windows 95 to her
-new computer. Since she plans to spend most of her time in linux,
-it isn't worth buying a second Windows license to run Windows on both hosts.
-
-
-
-Oscar is a system administrator for a large corporation that uses Windows
-NT and Irix workstations. One of the Windows NT workstations has
-just crashed and won't boot. Oscar has to recover critical data from
-the host which was not backed up. He needs tools to script searches
-and filter files. Oscar wants to use the panolpy of unix commands
-to low-level examine the hard disk in his search for the lost corporate
-assets. Last year Oscar configured a "dual booter" but he no longer
-remembers the details.
-
-
-
-Tom is a graduate school teacher. Tom also teaches continuing education
-at the local community house. Nancy is a friend of Tom and asked
-for his help with her new computer. Tom is happy to oblige and this
-HOWTO is one of the consequences.
-
-
-Table of Contents
-----
-
-!!
-How to Use This HOWTO
-This HOWTO is focused on a general step-by-step procedure.
-You should first read which character among the intended
-audience that you most nearly match. Follow along as Tom
-helps each characters configure their systems. Before doing more
-than skimming, you should at least skim the critical concepts.
-Some of the words used may be unfamiliar, obsolete, or applied differently,
-so it is important to understand their usage in this HOWTO. Please
-write the maintainer
-with your experience good or bad.
-
-
-Table of Contents
-----
-
-!!
-Concepts
-Understanding this HOWTO depends on understanding its use of the following
-concepts.
-
-
-*
-Disk and Format
-*
-
-*
-Partition and Filesystem
-*
-
-*
-Operating System
-*
-
-Table of Contents
-----
-
-!!!
-Procedure
-
-!!
-Reference
-
-
-#
-
-Backup your software and data
-#
-
-#
-
-Compile a catalog of hardware component models and
-software versions.
-#
-
-#
-
-Attach new disks.
-#
-
-#
-
-Compact the existing software and data.
-#
-
-#
-
-Repartition the disk..
-#
-
-#
-
-Format the new partitions.
-#
-
-#
-
-Load the new operating systems.
-#
-
-#
-
-Install the boot manager (uc).
-#
-
-#
-
-Cross mount the devices.
-#
-
-Table of Contents
-----
-
-!!
-Backup
-
-Installing linux on Nancy system will involve repartitioning. Any
-time you repartition a hard disk you run a significant risk of losing data
-on the disk. More precisely repartitioning does not actually cause
-data loss, but does tend to discover data that was lost piror.
-
-
-
-Tom warned Nancy that she should backup everything before starting.
-Familiar with pluming repair, Tom knew that whey you shut off the water
-for 10min to replace a dripping faucet, you often find that the pipes in
-the floor were rusted and leaking. Nancy knew nothiing of plumbing,
-but she had a good book collection and had moved several times. She
-knew that bookshelves often break when you move them.
-
-
-Since Lisa is buying a new computer, she has nothing yet to backup.
-When Oscar asked for the backups of the crashed computer he was met with
-the usual blank expressions. His job is essentially ot make a backup
-of the otherwise lost data.
-
-
-This version of this HOWTO does not detail how to backup. If you
-wish to see more information on backing up
-or if you wish to provide information please
-contact the maintainer.
-
-
-Table of Contents
-----
-
-!!
-Catalog
-During installation, the size of disks, and other accurate specifications
-will be necessary. Entry of slightly wrong values will result in
-subtle problems that may not show up immediately but will often be chronic,
-frustratingly difficult to diagnose, and maybe impossible to fix.
-
-
-Windows and your linux distribution may not support the same hardware.
-You should see the Hardware Compatibility HOWTO
-for a list of what is known to be compatible or incompatible.
-
-
-In general Windows is the more restrictive with exception of !WinModems/!WinPrinters/....
-Any hardware supported by Windows will usually be supported by linux, though
-not necessarily included in your distribution. Much hardware, especially
-the old and the cutting edge, may be supported by linux but not by Windows.
-If not included in your distribution, you can usually download linux drivers
-and or modules from the Internet.
-
-
-Winmodems, Winprinters, Winscanners, etc.
-are not supportable under linux. These devices are actually firmware
-that depend on proprietary Windows software. In the United States
-it is illegal to sell a linux distribution that supports these devices.
-
-
-
-Lisa has dealt with software long enough to know the value of specifications.
-Even before purchasing a computer, Lisa has already created a log.
-For each computer being considered from each prospective vendor, Lisa has
-a list of each component, its model and capabilities.
-
-
-
-Tom knows that one of the least expensive means to support reliability
-in any complex system (computer, airplane, car, etc.) is by keeping accurate
-maintenance records. Many (if not most) of the compatiblity problems
-reported by Tom's students would be prevented if accurate records were
-kept and consulted.
-
-
-Tom usually recommends avoiding !WinModems, etc. because their performance
-limitations are too severe for most people..
-
-
-
-Oscar's company keeps records on the hardware components of each
-computer. Before trying to fix any problem, Oscar examines the log
-and often finds that intractible problems becomre easily solved when you
-know the model details.
-
-
-Table of Contents
-----
-
-!!
-Attach
-One of the useful features of linux is the wide range of diagnostic and
-repair tools that it supports. The easy ability to write scripts
-also makes it easy to write worms and do other recovery operations.
-
-
-
-Oscar has easy access to a spare hard drive. He checked the Hardware
-Compatibility HOWTO to select a hard drive model.
-
-
-*
-Oscar grounds himself with a wrist strap to avoid accidental electrostatic
-damage.
-*
-
-*
-He opens the case according to the service manual.
-*
-
-*
-He slides the disk into the secondary drive slot and attaches an IDE cable.
-*
-
-*
-Oscar closes the case and ungrounds himself.
-*
-
-This version of this HOWTO does not detail how to attach new drives.
-If you wish to see more information on attaching
-or if you wish to provide information please
-contact the maintainer.
-
-
-Table of Contents
-----
-
-!!
-Compact
-Most new computers preloaded with Windows are delivered with a single FAT32
-partition that occupies the entire disk. Before loading
-a second operating system on a shared disk, it must be split into at
-least two partitions, since Windows and some linux distributions will not
-tolerate another operating system on the same partition.
-
-
-
-Software is normally stored distributed across the disk partition.
-Before splitting a partition, all the data
-must be moved to the start of the partition,
-so that when the partition is split, the old software and data won't be
-lost. Tom warns Lisa, Nancy, and especially Oscar that compacting
-is not reversible. If the partition is error-free, no active files
-will be lost, but disconnected (deleted) files may be lost. If the
-partition has errors, tools exist that can often (but not always) recover
-disconnected files before compaction. After compacting , the disconnected
-files are probably unrecoverable.
-
-
-The fips included in tomsrtbt-1.6.335 is .9e
-and Tom has used it directly with Windows 95. Windows98 requires
-fips-2.0 or later which (at press time) was not included in the archived
-tomsrtbt distributions.
-
-Nancy is unafamiliar with open source code and the Internet, so Tom
-offers to create her fips disk.
-
-
-#
-Download fips-2.0 and expand in the directory $FIPSROOT
-#
-(This may require privelege depending on Tom's linux configuration)
-(The address will probably change by the time you read this.)
-bash> FIPSROOT=/opt/packages/fips-2.
-bash> mkdir -p $FIPSROOT/original
-bash> cd $FIPSROOT/original
-bash> wget 'ftp://sunsite.icm.edu.pl/pub/Linux/sunsite.unc.edu/system/installl/fips-2..zip'
-bash> cd $PIPSROOT
-bash> unzip -d oritinal/fips-2..zip
-
-#
-Insert and mount the startup disk from Nancy.
-#
-(This may require priveleges depending on Tom's linux configuration)
-bash> mkdir -p /floppy
-bash> mount -t vfat /dev/fd0 /floppy
-
-#
-Follow the instructions for fips. At press time, this means copy
-3 files to the startup disk.
-#
-bash> cp restorrb.exe fips.exe errors.txt /floppy
-
-#
-Unmoun the floppy and return it to Nancy.
-#
-bash> umount /floppy
-
-Nancy's new machine was delivered preloaded with Windows 98 on a single
-partition occupying the entire disk.
-The installation was already compact, but Nancy used scandisk and defrag
-anyway just to be safe. When splitting
-the partition with fips, it warns that the physical
-partition length does not equal the logical partitin length. Tom
-explains that this is expected
-since her disk has more than 1024 cylinders. Tom suggests that Nancy
-record the current partition info in case it is needed to recover from
-a disaster. Following Tom's suggestion, Nancy reduces the first partition
-to approximately 30% of the total disk size.
-
-
-#
-Create a statup disk and give it to Tom.
-#
-[Start
] [[Settings...\Control Panel] [[[[Add/Remove Programs] [[Startup
-Disk] [[Create Disk ...]
-
-#
-Verify that the disk has no detectible errors.
-#
-(There may still be hiddent errors.)
-[[[[My Computer] {(C:\)} [[Properties ...] [[Tools] [[Error-checking status\Check
-now ...] [[Type of test\Thorough] [[Start]
-Fis any errors reported.
-
-#
-Defragment the disk to remove blank areas and deleted files.
-#
-[[[[My computer] {(C:\)} [[Properties ...] [[Tools] [[Defragmentation status\Defragment
-now ...]
-
-#
-Insert the fips startup disk from Tom and restart the computer.
-#
-[[Start] [[Shutdown...] [[Restart] [[OK]
-
-#
-When the computer reboots, split the partition.
-#
-A:\> fips
-Save current partition info: yes
-New partition start: 501
-Table of Contents
-----
-
-!!
-Repartition
-A normal linux installation requires at least two partitions.
-It usually improves performance to more partitions. Most bioses
-support no more than 4 primary partitions.
-
-
-
-Tom recommends that the disk be divided into 4 partitions.
-
-
-#
-~33% Windows bootable
-#
-Windows requires residency on the first primary partition
-
-#
-~33% linux bootable
-#
-On most computers, bootable partitions must reside entirely below 1024
-cylinders.
-
-#
-~64M swap
-#
-A filesystem optimized for memory caching
-improves performance.
-
-#
-~33% data
-#
-The last partition may be used by either or both operating systems
-if is compartible.
-The Windows bootable partition must be one of the filesystems
-supported by Windows. Likewise the linux bootable partition must
-be one of the filesystems supported by linux. The swap partition
-must have a filesystem supported by the operating system that will use
-it. The last partition will be used for data, and can have any filesystm.
-
-
-At press time, the above division is safe for most computers.
-
-
-Nancy is unafamiliar with open source and the Internet, so Tom lends
-her one of his diagnostic disks with tomsrtbt..
-
-
-tomsrtbt is a small distribution of linux on
-a single floppy disk that loads into RAM. Since it does not occupy
-nor run on the hard disk it is superb for situations where the hard disk
-will be modified (e.g. repartitioning).
-
-
-Tom stresses that repartitioning is simple but must be done with meticulous
-care, since everything else depends on it.
-Like ignoring a crack in the foundation of a house, partition table errors
-may not become apparent for a long time, when it will be difficult or impossible
-to correct.
-
-
-
-Nancy will be using her system primarily with Windows, so Tom recommends
-that her data partition use FAT32
-From the compoent catalog that Tom prepared for her computer, Nancy knows
-that her hard disk has 1661 cylinders.
-
-
-#
-0001-0501 Windows FAT32 bootable
-#
-
-#
-0502-1002 linux ext2 bootable
-#
-
-#
-1003-1011 linux swap
-#
-
-#
-1012-1661 data FAT32
-#
-
-
-Lisa will be using her system primarily with linux, so her data partition
-will use ext2 The data partition
-will then be unavailable to Windows, but will be more easily used from
-linux. Lisa's hard disk has 787 cylinders.
-
-
-#
-0001-0262 Windows FAT32 bootable
-#
-
-#
-0263-0525 linux ext2 bootable
-#
-
-#
-0526-0779 linux swap
-#
-
-#
-0780-0787 data ext2
-#
-
-
-Nancy uses the tomsrtbt disk provided by Tom and
-fdisk on it to edit her partition table.
-
-
-#
-Insert the tomsrtbt disk and restart the computer.
-#
-
-#
-Read the fdisk instructions and list of known partition types
-#
-bash> /bin/fdisk
-fdisk> m
-fdisk> l
-
-#
-Read and record the partition table
-#
-(After fips, her disk has two partitions.)
-fdisk> p
-
-#
-Since her disk has more than 1024 cylinders, update the cylinder count
-known to fdisk with an advanced command
-#
-fdisk> x
-fdisk expert> c 1661
-fdisk expert> r
-
-#
-Delete the 2nd partition which was created by fips.
-#
-fdisk> d
-... partition[[1-2]? 2
-
-#
-Add the new 2nd partition for linux
-#
-fdisk> n
-... partition ...? 2
-... extended ... primary ... type? p
-... start ...? 502
-... end ...? 1002
-
-#
-Add the new 3rd partition for swap
-#
-fdisk> n
-... partition ...? 3
-... extended ... primary ... type? p
-... start ...? 1003
-... end ...? 1011
-
-#
-Add the new 4th partition for data
-#
-fdisk> n
-... partition ...? 4
-... extended ... primary ... type? p
-... start ...? 1012
-... end ...? 1661
-
-#
-Reprint the partition table and check carefully for errors.
-#
-(delete and add the partitions if there are any errors)
-fdisk> p
-
-#
-Set the type (filesystem to be used) on each partition.
-#
-fdisk> t
-... partition ...? 2
-... type ...? 83
-fdisk> t
-... partition ...? 3
-... type ...? 82
-fdisk> t
-... partition ...? 4
-... type ...? 0c
-
-#
-Record and repriint the partition table and check carefully for errors.
-#
-
-#
-If unsatisfied quit.
-#
-fdisk> q
-
-#
-If satisfied, write the partition table.
-#
-fdisk> w
-Nancy records the new partition table in her computer log.
-Disk /dev/hda: 255 heads, 63 sectors, 1661 cylinders
-Units = cylinders of 16085 * 512 bytes
-
-
- Drive Boot Start End Blocks
-Id System
-/dev/hda1 * 1
-501 402451+ 0c Win95 FAT32 (LBA)
-/dev/hda2 502 1002
-402482 83 Linux Native
-/dev/hda3 1003 1011
-72292 82 Linux Swap
-/dev/hda4 1012 1661
-5221125 83 Linux Native
-Table of Contents
-----
-
-!!
-Format
-In order to use any hard disk effectively, it must be formatted.
-After formating, whther successful or not, all the old data in that partition
-is lost (the cost of recovery goes up 10-100x).
-
-
-
-Tom warns that Formatting is the only operation
-that is neither idempotent nor reversible.
-The tool provided by the intended operating system should be used to format
-the partitions intended for that partition. Use format under Windows
-to format FAT32 partitions. Use
-
-
-
-Nancy formats the data partition under Windows.
-
-
-#
-Restart the computer in Windows
-#
-
-#
-Format the partition
-#
-[[[[My Computer]] {(D:)} [[Format ...] [[Format type\Full] [[Start]
-Nancy uses the tomsrtbt disk provided by Tom to
-format the linux and swap partitions under linux.
-
-
-#
-Insert the tomsrtbt disk and restart
-#
-
-#
-Check for bad blocks and format the linux partition.
-#
-bash> mke2fs -c /dev/hda2
-
-#
-Check the filesystem
-#
-bash> e2fsck /dev/hda2
-
-#
-Check for bad blocks and make the swap file system
-#
-bash> mkswap -c /dev/hda3
-
-(untested) Lisa formats only linux partitions using tomsrtbt in the same
-manner as Nancy.
-
-
-#
-Insert the tomsrtbt disk and restart
-#
-
-#
-Check for bad blocks and format the linux partition.
-#
-bash> mke2fs -c /dev/hda2
-
-#
-Check the filesystem
-#
-bash> e2fsck /dev/hda2
-
-#
-Check for bad blocks and make the swap file system
-#
-bash> mkswap -c /dev/hda3
-
-#
-Check for bad blocks and make the data partition
-#
-bash> mke2fs -c /dev/hda4
-
-#
-Check the filesystem
-#
-bash> e2fsck /dev/hda2
-Table of Contents
-----
-
-!!
-Initial Program Load
-Now is when the operating system(s) becomes
-a part ot the computer. All prior steps laid the foundation.
-This is the first time when the detail and accuracy of the catalog will
-be especially useful. Follow the installation instructions provided
-with your distribution. This HOWTO does not detail how to load
-the distribution because the distribution instructions will provide the
-best instructions.
-
-
-
-Though linux is available at no cost,Tom recommends purchasing a distribution
-with hardcopy instructions and support tools.. The price of a good
-distribution is well worth it. In Tom's
-opinion, asking friends is the best way to choose a linux distribution.
-A distribution that satisfies your friends with similar interests will
-probably satisfy you.
-
-
-Tom knows that Nancy got a newly released graphics card with which he
-has no experience. He warns Nancy that the X configuration may not
-work. When she calls him, he uses the expert options of yast
-which tell him that though her card is not listed by manufacturer and model
-it used the mach64 X server. Now familiar with yast, Nancy installs
-the mach64 x server and removes the svga X server. Tom stays to talk
-Nancy through X installation. Nancy's monitor is not named in the
-configuration list, but with the model known from the catalog, a quick
-visit to the manufacturer's website provides the scan rate limits.
-
-
-Tom knows that the configurability of linux frightens many new users
-and so he has often recommended !RedHat to first-time
-users because of its commercial technical support and default configuration
-settings. He lets Nancy know that though she should try to consider
-each question before answering, she need fear a mistake because she can
-reverse almost any configuration decision later. Most packages
-managment tools offer to load and save configurations files (e.g. /etc/linuxrc).
-
-
-*
-Keep a list of the configuration questions and each answer to them.
-*
-
-*
-When in doubt, add a package to linux, and note that it was in doubt.
-*
-
-*
-A month after installation, go back and remove any packages that you haven't
-used, and log the removal.
-*
-
-*
-Expect to discover some linux configuration errors by loss.
-*
-
-*
-Change the linux configuration when you find that it is different from
-your desires.
-*
-
-*
-When in doubt, do not add a package to Windows.
-*
-
-Tom knows that some differences between Windows and linux force some compromises.
-
-
-*
-Set the hardware clock to local time.
-*
-
-
-**
-Windows displays time, timestamps file operations, and synchronizes with
-the netowrk from the same clock.
-**
-
-**
-Linux uses separate clocks for each of these. On a linux only system,
-the hardware clock is usually set to UTC (Universal Time Coordinate), the
-network standard. The network and file operations clock are usually
-just views of the hardware clock by linux. For display, linux usually
-shifts the hardware clock according to the timezone and date.
-**
-
-**
-Since Windows supports only one clock, you must decide (unless you live
-in Greenwich England) whether to set the hardware clock to local time or
-UTC.
-**
-
-**
-If you use UTC, you will have to mentally convert the time displayed by
-Windows to local time.
-**
-
-**
-If you use local time, some network activity may become confused.
-International email problems are most commonly reported. Mail sent
-from Berlin at 1300 local time may be stored a second later in New York
-at 1200 UTC where it awaits a channel to its San Francisco destination.
-To save space, the New York host may delete mail that could not be sent
-in a reasonable time of 30min. If the Berlin mail was unclear that
-ti was sent at 1300 Berlin time, or if the New York host is unwilling to
-do the conversion, the email may be lost as undliverable after 1 hour (1300
-- 1200).
-**
-
-
-
-Since Nancy is an accountant, Tom recommends that she use the SuSE
-distribution. SuSE comes with the !ApplixWare suite of office software.
-Nancy has already read the installation chapters of the book that accompanied
-her SuSE distribution. yast from SuSE lets her store her configuration
-choices in a file which she includes in her computer log.
-
-
-#
-Nancy makes sure she has the catalog (and Tom's
-phone number) handy.
-#
-
-#
-She inserts the SuSE CDROM and reboots the computer.
-#
-She selects installation options (English, Color, ...)
-
-#
-She examines the hardware detected for her system and confirms that it
-matches her own catalog.
-#
-Both the hard disk and CD-RW were detected.
-Both the sound and graphics cards were detected.
-Both the PCI and USB buses were detected.
-
-#
-Following the instructions from SuSE, she starts YaST, the system configuration
-tool.
-#
-
-#
-Already partitions, Nancy declines YaST's offer to repartition her disk.
-#
-
-#
-Already formatted by Windows, Nancy declines YaST's offer to format her
-Window's partitions.
-#
-
-#
-Though already formatted, Nancy accepts the offer to reformat her swap
-and linux partitions.
-#
-
-#
-Set the mount points for the partitions.
-#
-[[CREATING FILESYSTEMS]
-/dev/hda1 no vfat /WinC
-Win95 FAT32
-/dev/hda2 ... check ext2 / Linux
-/dev/hda4 no vfat /WinD
-Win95 FAT32
-
-#
-Nancy now selects the packages she wants.
-#
-
-
-##
-Nancy includes the nonstandard packages that she knows she wants (e.g.
-CD writing).
-##
-
-##
-Nancy excludes the standard packages that she knows she doesn't want
-(e.g. tape drive support).
-##
-
-##
-Nancy selects packagas for her specific hardware (e.g. X server) using
-her catalog.
-##
-
-##
-She indicates that the hardware clock is set to local time.
-##
-
-
-#
-Nancy saves a copy of her configuration and puts in her log.
-#
-
-
-(uc) This subsection of this HOWTO is not yet written.
-
-
-Table of Contents
-----
-
-!!
-Boot Manager Load
-If you have two or more operating systems on a computer, you must have
-a means of selecting which operating system is loaded.
-
-
-Before
-installing a boot manager, Tom recommends
-that Nancy and Lisa make a boot disk (and master boot record backup).
-He also recommends that each test their boot disks before installing the
-boot manager. This is done so that the computer can be booted and
-the master boot record restored to the hard disk if the boot manager installation
-fails
-
-
-Because of its configurability and robustness, Tom recommends lilo
-to most users.. Most linux distributions support multiple linux versions
-on the same partition. This means that you can install and test an
-upgrade to the operating system without the trouble of a lengthy reinstallation.
-When the upgrade is satisfactory (or not) you can remove versions
-no longer useful.
-
-
-
-During installation, SuSE offers to make a boot disk, and master boot record
-backup, before installing lilo.
-
-
-#
-Create a rescue floppy.
-#
-[[CREATE A BOOT DISK?/YES]
-
-#
-Nancy write-protects the disk and puts in her log.
-#
-
-#
-Nancy installs lilo
-#
-[[LILO INSTALLATION ...]
-Windows /dev/hda1
-SuSE /dev/hda2 /boot/vmlinuz
-
-Windows installation overwrites the master boot record with one that loads
-Windows. After installing Windows, Lisa must reinstall lilo.
-To make this easier she uses loalin under Windows to load her existing
-linux and then uses linus to configure and install lilo..
-
-
-
-Table of Contents
-----
-
-!
-Mount
-
-(uc) This subsection of this HOWTO is not yet written.
-
-
-Table of Contents
-----
-
-!!!
-Choices
-
-!!
-Architecture
-The following is a summary of the architecture choices that you should
-consider. Your choice will probably depend most on your compuer
-expertise level, value of existing data, and expected division of usage
-between Windows and linux.
-
-
-
-
-Separate for
-linux and Windows
-Shared by
-linux and Windows
-Support
-Pros
-Cons
-
-
-
-address space
-Not Supported.
-Windows must be the only operating system in its partition.
-
-
-
-
-address space
-partition
-Not covered by this HOWTO.
-VMWare under Windows
-No need to disturb the current configuration.
-Linux can be loaded on the emulated system.
-linux is slow.
-
-
-address space
-partition
-Not covered by this HOWTO.
-VMWare under linux
-No need to disturb the current configuration.
-(unverified) Windows can be loaded on the emulated system.
-Windows is slow
-
-
-address space
-partition
-Not covered by this HOWTO.
-!DosLinux
-No need to disturb the current configuration.
-
-
-
-address space
-partition
-Not covered by this HOWTO.
-Armed distribution (unverified)
-No need to disturb the current configuration.
-
-
-
-partition
-disk
-Windows requires that Windows reside in the first primary partition
-
-Works with standard mail-order home computers from the major dealers.
-Requires more installation effort.
-
-
-disk
-host
-
-
-Minimizes risk to existing system and data.
-Requires less installation effort.
-Normally requires a second computer and extra disks.
-
-
-host
-network
-Not covered by this HOWTO.
-Classes, books, and online help is readily available.
-Minimizes installation effort.
-Requires at least two computers equipped with network interface cards.
-Data is not directly available to the other operating system.
-
-
-
-
-
-Table of Contents
-----
-
-!!
-Filesystems
- Your choice of filesystem is usually constrained by the hard disk
-manufacturer, your choice of Windows version, and your choice of linux
-distribution.
-
-
-
-
-Type
-Code
-Support
-Description
-
-
-DOS6
-0x06
-Windows 95
-Windows 98
-Windows NT
-linux
-IBM DOS default filesystem
-Names limited to eight characters + 3 character type
-
-
-NTFS
-0x07
-Windows NT
-linux read-only
-Windows NT default filesystem
-Names have arbitrary length
-Names cannot include special characters
-
-
-FAT32
-LBA
-0x0c
-Windows 95
-Windows 98
-Windows NT
-linux
-Windows95/98 default filesystem
-Names have arbitrary length
-Names cannot inlcude special characters
-
-
-swap
-0x82
-linux
-linex default memory cache filesystem
-
-
-ext2
-0x83
-linux
-linux default filesystem
-Names have arbitrary length
-Names can contain arbitrary characters
-Tends to suffer little external fragmentation.
-Scales well over several magnitudes of size.
-Runs quickly on semirandom access systems.
-
-
-
-
-
-Table of Contents
-----
-
-!!
-Linux Distribution
- Your choice of distribution will depend mostly on friends' recommendations,
-your level of computer expertise, and easy availability of packages.
-Most distributions will happily reside on the same disk, so there is no
-reason not to try several distributions until you find the one that is
-best for you.
-
-
-
-
-Distro
-Publisher
-Source
-Pros
-Cons
-
-
-!RedHat
-Red Hat, Inc.
-http://www.redhat.com/
-Easy to install.
-Home-user-friendly
-Commercial support available
-Large number of bundled packages.
-Tolerates unbundled packages.
-Does not tolerate multiple versins on same partition.
-
-
-Slackware
-Walnut Creek CDROM
-http://www.slackware.org/
-Largest number of bundled packages.
-Professional-user-friendly
-Easiest software development
-New packages most often appear
here first.
-Tolerates unbundled packages
-Tolerates multiple versions on same partition
-Moderate computer expertise required.
-
-
-SuSE
-SuSE Gmbh
-http://www.suse.com/
-Easy to install.
-Business-user-friendly
-Aimed at business users
-Commercial support available
-Tolerates unbundled packages.
-Tolerates multiple versions on same partition
-
-
-
-
-
-
-Table of Contents
-----
-
-!!
-Backup Tools
-
-
-
-
-Tool
-Requirements
-Description
-
-
-Norton Ghost
-Windows 95/98/NT
-network drive
-Easy to use
-Makes and restores images of disks or partitions.
-No selection or deselection of files/directories.
-No index generated.
-
-
-tob
-linux
-tape drive
-Easy to use
-Easy to configure
-Selects or deselects files/directories to backup or restore
-Generates index of backups searchable to find archived files
-
-
-yast (untested)
-backup tool
-Graphical interface for system administration tools
-Included with SuSE linux
-
-
-
-
-
-Table of Contents
-----
-
-!!
-Compaction Tools
-
-
-
-
-Tool
-Requirements
-Description
-
-
-fips
-Windows95
-Included in tomsrtbt-1.6.335
-Splits a FAT16 or FAT32 partition into two partitions without destroying
-data so that the new partition can be loaded with a d different operating
-system
-
-
-fips
-Windows98
-Windows98 requires at least version 2.
-Run under Windows98
-Splits a FAT16 or FAT32 partition into two partitions without destroying
-data so that the new partition can be loaded with a d different operating
-system
-
-
-
-
-
-Table of Contents
-----
-
-!!
-Repartitioning Tools
-
-
-
-
-Tool
-Requirements
-Description
-
-
-fdisk
-Included in tomsrtbt-1.6.335
-Supports editting of a partition table.
-Two-tiered menu system. The first level includes read and normal
-operations. The second level lets you fix inconsistencies.
-
-
-fdisk
-Included with Windows 95 and Windows 98
-Does not permit creattion of partitios associated with filesystems
-not supported by Wirdows, nor selecting a bootable partition other than
-the first primary partition.
-
-
-yast (untested)
-backup tool
-Graphical interface for system administration tools
-Included with SuSE linux
-
-
-
-
-
-Table of Contents
-----
-
-!!
-Formatting Tools
-
-
-
-
-Tool
-Requirements
-Description
-
-
-e2fsck
-Included in tomsrtbt-1.6.335
-Checks an ext2 filesystem for errors
-
-
-format
-Included with Windows 95 and Windows 98
-Creates a vfat filesystem on a chosen partition
-
-
-mke2fs
-Included in tomsrtbt-1.6.335
-Creates an ext2 filesystem on a chosen partition.
-
-
-mkswap
-Included in tomsrtbt-1.6.335
-Creates a swap filesystem on a chosen partition.
-
-
-
-
-
-Table of Contents
-----
-
-!!
-Boot Managers
-
-
-
-
-Tool
-Requirements
-Description
-
-
-lilo
-linux
-Configures which operating system is booted.
-lilo itself if very robust and configurable.
-Some care is required,
- since lilo is usually used to overwrite the master boot record,
- lest one carelessly loose the ability to boot Windows automatically.
-
-
-loadlin (uc)
-Windws 95 or 98
-Started from Windows in dos mode.
-(Can be placed as shortcut in Windows)
-Replaces linux with Windows in memory.
-Since loadlin does not overwrite the master boot record,
- a failed installation should not be able to risk Windows.
-
-
-
-
-
-Table of Contents
-----
-
-!!!
-Actual Experiences
-
-!!
-Adding linux to New Computer Preloaded
-with Windows 98
-
-Nancy is unfamiliar with keeping a log, so Tom prepared it for her as he
-unboxed and assembled her new computer. tom also knows that
-it is far easier to remove the computer case once and record all the model
-numbers, chipsets, and model types than it is to later open the case to
-get a single model number or to guess the information that will be later
-needed. During the computer service life, only 10% of the numbers
-collected will ever be used, but there is no easy way to predict which
-10%.
-
-
-
-The following is an extract from Nancy's log. Identidation numbers
-have been changed and some irrelevant data has been removed. Most
-of the data came from the invoice that accomapanied the computer and the
-specifications [[Start\Run...\] Open: c:\DELL\DOCS\EDOCS.EXE [[OK] that
-were provided on the computer.
-
-!!
-Configuration
-A hardcopy of critical portions of this information, master disks, and
-backup disks is kept in a white binder, located physically close to this
-host, labelled
-<address >
-Nancy System Administration Log.</address >
-
-!
-Hardware
-
-
-
-Date
-Bay or Slot
-Contents
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Primary Hard Disk Bay
-Hard Disk
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Secondary Hard Disk Bay
-empty
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Diskette Drive Bay
-Floppy Disk
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Drive Cage Top 5.25" Bay
-CD Writer
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Drive Cage Bottom 5.25" Bay
-empty
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Drive Cage Top 3.5" Bay
-empty
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Drive Cage Bottom 3.5" Bay
-empty
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Dimm Socket Bank
-RAM
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Dimm Socket Bank 1
-empty
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Dirmm Socket Bank 2
-empty
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Primary EIDE Bus
-Hard Disk
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Secondary EIDE Bus
-CD Writer
-
-
-1999-10-21
-ISA Expansion Slot
-empty
-
-
-1999-10-21
-PCI Expansion Slot 1
-empty
-
-
-1999-10-21
-PCI Expansion Slot 2
-Modem
-
-
-1999-10-21
-PCI Expansion Slot 3
-empty
-
-
-1999-10-21
-PCI Expansion Slot 4
-Sound
-
-
-1999-10-21
-PCI Expansion Slot 5
-empty
-
-
-1999-10-21
-AGP Port
-Graphics
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-__Date__
-
-
-__Component__
-
-
-__Action__
-
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Case
-Tower
-
-
-Mfr Dell
-Model Dimension XPS Txxx
-M/N MMS
-Mfr Date mmddyy
-P/N 01968D Rev A04
-S/N nnnaa
-DP/N 000338D Rev A00
-DS/N xxxxx-xxx-xxxx
-FCC Class B
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Dell Dimension XPS Txxx
-Refrence and Troubleshooting Guide
-Mfr Dell
-Model MMS
-P/N 8868D Rev. A01
-
-
-1999-11-03
-Central Procssing Unit
-procssor:
-vendor_id: !GenuineIntel
-cpu family: 6 (Pentium III)
-model: 7
-model name: 00/07
-stepping: 3
-cpu MHZ: 448.971025
-cache size: 512 KB
-fdiv_bug: no
-hlt_bug: no
-sep_fug: no
-f00f_bug: no
-coma_bug: no
-fpu: yes
-fpu_exception: yes
-cpuid level: 2
-wp: yes
-flags: fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat
-bogomips: 447.28
-
-
-FCC Class B
-
-
-1999-10-21
-System Battery
-CR2032 3.0V
-
-
-1999-10-21
-System Board
-DP/N AA722396-109 Rev. A01
-S/N xxxxxxxx-xxxxx-xxx-xxxx
-FCC Class B
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Hard Disk
-Primary Hard Disk Bay
-Primary EIDE Bus
-FCC Class B
-
-
-Capacity 13.6 GB
-RPM 7200RPM
-LBA 26.712.000 SECTORS
-CYL 1661
-
-
-!DeskStar
-Mfr IBM Disk Storage Products KFT.
-Model DPTA-371360 IDE/ATA
-MLC F42312
-P/N 31L9151
-DP/N 0003570T-47710-9A2-31TJ
-Rev A00
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Floppy Disk
-Diskette Drive Bay
-FCC Class B
-
-
-Mfr Sony
-Model MPF920
-S/N xxxxxxxx
-DP/N 0003884D Rev A00
-DS/N xxxxx-xxx-xxxx
-
-
-1999-10-21
-CD Writer
-Drive Cage Top "5.25" Bay
-Secondary EIDE Bus
-FCC Class B
-
-
-Jumpers
- Reserved
- Reserved
- R Audio Out
- Gnd
- Gnd
- L Audio Out
- CSEL (closed)
- SLAVE (open)
- MASTER (open)
- ATAPI Cable (40-pin keyed)
- Power Supply (IBM 4-pin)
-
-
-CDR 4x
-CDRW 4x
-Read 24x
-
-
-Mfr Sony
-Model CD-R/RW ATAPI
-M/N CRX100E
-S/N xxxxxx
-DP/N 0002064P Rev A00
-DS/N xxxxx-xxx-xxxx
-
-
-1999-10-21
-RAM
-Dimm Socket Bank
-FCC Class B
-
-
-16Mx 64 MB SDRAM
-Non-ECC
-PC100-222-620
-168-pin
-
-
-Mfr Toshiba
-M/N THMY6416H1EG-A0
-S/N xxxxxx/xxxxxxx
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Modem
-PCI Expansion Slot 2
-J8 -> Sound Telephone Audio Out
-FCC Class B
-
-
-56K
-See CD 3Com U.S.Robotics
-Modem CD-ROM
-
-
-USRobotics V.90/56K
-Model 0727
-Mfr 3Com
-Product 3CP3298-DEL
-SN xxxxxxxxxxxx
-DP/N 00046XVP Rev A00
-DS/N xxxxx-xxx-xxxx
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Sound
-Montego II
-PCI Expansion Slot 4
-CD IN -> CD Writer Audio Out
-TAO -> Modem J8
-FCC Class B
-
-
-Mfr Turtle Beach
-Model A3D 320V
-DP/N 0005931D Rev A00
-DS/N xxxxx-xxx-xxxx
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Graphics
-AGP Port
-FCC Class B
-
-
-Mfr ATI Technologies Inc
-P/N 1024980311010171
-S/N xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.
-DP/N 0000320D Rev A00
-DS/N xxxxx-xxx-xxxx
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Power Supply
-FCC Class B
-
-
-DP/N 0009228C Rev N02
-DS/N xxxxx-xxx-xxxx
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Monitor
-FCC Class B
-
-
-17" (15.3" visible)
-Color 1024x768
-See CD Displays by Dell
-Ultrascan P780 Color Monitor
-
-
-Mfr Dell Computer, Inc.
-Model !UltraScan P780
-P/N 6271R
-S/N xxxxxxxxxxx
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Speakers
-Right Analog Input -> Sound ((( )))
-FCC Class B
-
-
-Mfr Harmon/Kardon
-Right M/N HK195
-Right P/N 3862A201
-Right DP/N ZL001-98U Rev B
-Right DS/N xxxxx-xx
-Left M/N HK195
-Left DP/N ZL001-98URev B
-Left DS/N xx-xx
-Adapter M/N A41411C
-Adapter P/N HK195-01T
-Adapter Input 60Hz 22W
-Adapter Output 15VAC 1.1A
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Keyboard
-!QuietKey
-PS/2 Keyboard Connector
-FCC Class B
-
-
-Mfr Dell
-DP/N 0004939R Rev A00
-DS/N xxxxx-xxx-xxxx
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Mouse
-MS !IntelliMouse
-PS/2 Mouse Connector
-FCC Class B
-
-
-Mfr Microsoft Inc.
-Model !IntelliMouse 1.1A PS/2
-S/N xxxxxxxxx
-DP/N 03235E Rev A00
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Microphone
--> Sound Mic In
-FCC Class B
-
-
-
-!
-Bios
-
-
-
-
-__Date__
-
-
-__Component__
-
-
-__Action__
-
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Setup Procedure
-Restart
-When Dell splash screen appears,
-[[<del>]
-Dell Dimension XPS T450 Setup
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Main\BIOS Version
-A05
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Main\Processor Type
-Pentium(R) III
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Main\processor Speed
-450 MHz
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Main\Cache RAM
-512KB
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Main\Service Tag
-zzzzz
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Main\System memory
-128 MB
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Main\L2 Cache ECC Support
-Auto
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Advanced\Peripheral Configuration\Plug & Play O/S
-No
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Advanced\Peripheral Configuration\Reset Configuration Data
-No
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Advanced\Peripheral Configuration\!NumLock
-Auto
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Advanced\Peripheral Configuration\Serial Port A
-Auto
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Advanced\Peripheral Configuration\Parallel Port
-Auto
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Advanced\Peripheral Configuration\Mode
-ECP
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Advanced\Peripheral Configuration\Legacy USB Support
-Enabled
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Advanced\IDE Configuration\IDE Controller
-Both
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Advanced\IDE Configuration\Primary IDE Master
-IBM-DPTA-371360-(PM)
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Advanced\IDE Configuration\Primary IDE Slave
-None
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Advanced\IDE Configuration\Secondary IDE Master
-CD-RW CRX100E- (SM)
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Advanced\IDE Configuration\Secondary IDE Slave
-None
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Advanced\Diskette Options\Diskette Controller
-Enabled
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Advanced\Diskette Options\Diskette A
-1.44/1.25 MB 3.5"
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Advanced\Diskette Options\Diskette Write Protect
-Disabled
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Advanced\DMI Event Logging\Event log capacity
-Space Available
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Advanced\DMI Event Logging\Event log validity
-Valid
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Advanced\DMI Event Logging\View DMI event log
-No unread events
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Advanced\DMI Event Logging\Clear all DMI event logs
-No
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Advanced\DMI Event Logging\DMI event logging
-Enabled
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Advanced\DMI Event Logging\Mark DMI events as read
-No unread events
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Advanced\Video Configuration\ISA Palette Snooping
-Disabled
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Advanced\Video Configuration\AGP Aperature Size
-64MB
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Advanced\Video Configuration\Default Primary Video Adapter
-AGP
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Advanced\Resource Configuration\C800-CBFF
-Available
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Advanced\Recource Configuration\CC00-CFFF
-Available
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Advanced\Recource Configuration\4000-43FF
-Available
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Advanced\Recource Configuration\4400-47FF
-Available
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Advanced\Recource Configuration\4800-4BFF
-Available
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Advanced\Recource Configuration\4C00-4FFF
-Available
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Advanced\Recource Configuration\IRQ 3
-Available
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Advanced\Recource Configuration\IRQ 4
-Available
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Advanced\Recource Configuration\IRQ 5
-Reserved
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Advanced\Recource Configuration\IRQ 7
-Available
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Advanced\Recource Configuration\IRQ 10
-Available
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Advanced\Recource Configuration\IRQ 11
-Available
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Power\Power Management
-Enabled
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Power\Inactivity Timer
-Off
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Power\Hard Drive
-Enabled
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Power\VESA Video Power Down
-Standby
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Boot\Boot-time Diagnostic Screen
-Disabled
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Boot\!QuickBoot Mode
-Disabled
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Boot\First Boot Device
-Removable Devices
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Boot\Second Boot Device (obsolete)
-Hard Disk
-
-
-1999-10-22
-Boot\Second Boot Device
-ATAPI CD-ROM Driv
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Boot\Third Boot Device (obsolete)
-ATAPI CD-ROM Driv
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Boot\Third Boot Device
-Hard Disk
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Boot\Fourth Boot Device
-Network Drive
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Boot\Hard Drive\1
-IBM-DPTA-371360-(PM)
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Boot\Hard Drive\2
-Bootable Add-In Card
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Boot\Removable Devices\1
-Legacy Floppy Drive
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-!
-Firmware
-
-
-
-
-__Date__
-
-
-__Component__
-
-
-__Action__
-
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Partition Table
-tomsrtbt-1.6.335 (linux-2..35)
-bash>/bin/fdisk
-fdisk> p
-Disk /dev/hda: 255 heads, 63 sectors, 1024 cylinders
-Units = cylinders of 16085 * 512 bytes
-
-
- Drive Boot Start End Blocks
-Id System
-/dev/hda1 * 1
-1662 13349983+ 0c Win95 FAT32 (LBA)
-
-
-Partition has different physical/logical endings
- phys = (1022, 254, 63) logical = (1661, 254, 63)
-
-
-1999-10-22
-Partition Table
-Windows98 Startup Disk +fips.exe
-A:\> fips
-(Ignore warning about physical != logical length)
-Save current partition info: yes
-(saved as rootboot.000)
-New partition start: 501
-
-
-tomsrtbt-1.6.335 (linux-2..35)
-bash>/bin/fdisk -v
-fips Version 2.8
-bash>/bin/fdisk
-fdisk> p
-Disk /dev/hda: 255 heads, 63 sectors, 1661 cylinders
-Units = cylinders of 16085 * 512 bytes
-
-
- Drive Boot Start End Blocks
-Id System
-/dev/hda1 * 1
-501 402451+ 0c Win95 FAT32 (LBA)
-/dev/hda2 502 1002
-402482 83 Linux Native
-/dev/hda3 1003 1011
-72292 82 Linux Swap
-/dev/hda4 1012 1661
-5221125 83 Linux Native
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Windows Operating System
-DESC KIT,DOC/DSK,W98,OSR1,ENG
-
-
-Language English (United States)
-Keyboard United States 101
-First and Middle Jo'an K.
-Last Name Meier
-Country Code United States of America
-Area Code 336
-Access Code No
-Touch Tone Yes
-Time Zone (GMT-05:00) United States Eastern
-Daylight Savings Time Automatic
-
-
-Mfr Microsoft
-Model Windows98 2nd Ed
-Product Key G74XD-KMV7J-XJC3X-PYBG6-DHPP6
-S/N xxxxxxxxxx
-DP/N 08001T Rev. A00
-
-
-1999-11-03
-linux Operating System
-SuSE-6.2.-2
-
-
-reboot CDROM1
-linuxrc v0.91 (kernel 2.2.10)
-
-
-linuxrc> ... language ... English
-... display ...? Color display
-... keyboard ... English (US)
-Main menu
- System Information
- Harddisks / CD-ROMS
- (Hard Disk and CD-ROM found)
- Processor
- (no bugs)
- Start Installation / System
- Start Installation
- Source: CD-ROM
-
-
-Yast v1. 01
- Install Linux from scratch
- [[SELECT SWAP PARTITION] /dev/hda3
- ... format ... yes
- [[PARTITION HARDDRIVES/Do not Partition]
- CREATING FILESYSTEMS:
-/dev/hda1 no vfat /WinC
-Win95 FAT32
-/dev/hda2 ... check ext2 / Linux
-/dev/hda4 no vfat /WinD
-Win95 FAT32
- Create/Change Configuration
- Xserver = svga (otherwise unrecognized)
- [[SELECT KERNEL/Standard (E)IDE Kernel]
-
-
-1999-11-05
-Root password
-In sealed envelope in hardcopy log.
-
-
-1999-11-05
-X11
-XFree86-3.3.4
-
-
-1999-11-05
-X11 mouse
-bash> yast
-[[System Administration/X86 Configuration/SaX]
-[[Mouse]
- Vendor: Microsoft
- Name: Intellimouse PS/2
- Port: PS/2
- Buttons: 3
- [[Expert]
- Protocol: IMPS/2
- Device: /dev/psaux
- [[OK]
-[[Apply]
-
-
-1999-11-05
-X11 keyboard
-bash> yast
-[[System Administration/X86 Configuration/SaX]
-[[Keyboard]
- Model: Dell 101-key PC
- Language: U.S. English
-[[Apply]
-
-
-1999-11-05
-X11 Graphics Card
-bash> yast
-[[System Administration/X86 Configuration/SaX]
-[[Card]
- Vendor: ATI
- Model: XPERT98
- [[Expert]
- Server: XF86_mach64
- Memory: 8192k
- DAC: 207
-[[Apply]
-
-
-1999-11-05
-X11
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-1999-11-05
-!TimeZone
-EST5EDT
-
-
-Hardware Clock set to local time
-
-
-1999-11-05
-Network
-Hostname: xxxxxxx
-Domain: xxxx.xxx
-
-
-No network card
-[[TCP IP CONFIGURATION/Loopback only1
-
-
-1999-11-05
-Mail
-Modem will be used
-
-
-[[SENDMAIL CONFIGRUATION/... temporary connection ...]
-
-
-1999-11-05
-Boot Manager
-lilo
-
-
-Windows /dev/hda1
-SuSE /dev/hda2 /boot/vmlinuz
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Partition 1 Filesystem
-C:
-FAT32
-
-
-1999-11-02
-Partition 2 Filesystem
-tomsrtbt-1.6.335 (linux-2..35)
-bash> /bin/mke2fs -c /dev/hda2
-bash> /bin/e2fsck /dev/hda2
-
-
-1999-11-02
-Partition 3 Filesystem
-tomsrtbt-1.6.335 (linux-2..35)
-bash> /bin/mkswap -c /dev/hda3
-
-
-1999-11-01
-Partition 4 Filesystem
-D:
-FAT32
-
-
-[[[[My Computer]] {(D:)} [[Format ...] [[Format type\Full] [[Start]
-[[Close]
-
-
-!ScanDisk reported no errors in a thorough test.
-
-
-
-!
-Software
-
-
-
-
-__Date__
-
-
-__Parameter__
-
-
-__Action__
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-Table of Contents
-----
-
-!!!
-Appendices
-
-!!
-Frequently Asked Questions
-__
-After running fips, why does Windows report
-that I still have only one partition?__
-Windows 98 does not recognize the effect of fips-.9e.
-fips-2.0 has successfully been used to split a
-Windows98 partition. According to an unreliable source, Windows 98
-reads partition data from the first 512 bytes of the partition itself and
-considers this more reliable data than the partition table.
-__
-Why does my tool report an error
-that physical length does not match the logical length of the partition?__
-This means that the partition table is
-inconsistent, and may be inaccurate. Modifying a disk with an inaccurate
-partition table usually requires an expert to reduce the almost certain
-chance of data loss.
-
-
-The severity of this message is dependent on the size of the disk.
-Due to historical limitations, most (but not all) computer BIOSs only support
-disks with less than 1024 cylinders. Booting
-the operating system depends on the bios,
-therefore (on such systems), the entire operating system must fit within
-this 1024 cylinders.. For the same historical reasons, the partition
-table format only supports reporting disk
-sizes of 1024 or less cylinders. Many disks today have more than
-1024 physical cylinders but by convention the partition table records exactly
-1024 cylinders. The operating system still needs to know where the
-actual partitions begin an end beyond the first 1024 cylinders and this
-is recorded in the partition table.
-
-
-A large disk with more than 1024 cylinders will have a logical size
-(sum of partition sizes) that exceeds 1024 and matches the actual size,
-though the partition table reports a physical size of exactly 1024 cylinders.
-In the case of a large disk, this message is essentially useless.
-__
-How do I know what version of Windows I
-have?__
-One or more of the following should tell you what version of Windows you
-have.
-
-
-*
-C:\>ver
-*
-
-*
-{My Compuer} [[Properties] [[General]
-*
-
-*
-[[Start] [[Run...] Open: command [[OK]
-*
-
-*
-[[Start\Run...] Open: ver [[OK]
-*
-
-*
-[[Start\Run...] Open: cmd ver [[OK]
-*
-
-__
-How do I know what version of linux kernel
-I have?__
-bash> uname -a
-__
-How do I know what version of linux distribution
-I have?__
-The question may have no meaningful answer. Since unix dialects (e.g.
-linux) use many interchangeable parts, it makes little difference to this
-HOWTO what distribution you have. The applications loaded on most
-linux hosts varies with time and the tastes of the owner, so that they
-seldom match any distribution for more than a very brief period.
-
-
-Most distributions are loosely classed by the package manager that they
-use.
-
-
-*
-pkgtool - slackware
-*
-
-*
-rpm - !RedHat
-*
-
-bash> uname -a
-__
-If I make a mistake can I start over?__
-In general, no. For this reason, meticuluous care is required, especially
-at certain stages. Some of the operations are idempotent. An idempotent
-operation is one which either fails and has no effect, or succeeds and
-has no effect after its first success. Some of the operations are
-reversible. A reversible operation has an inverse operation so that
-you can return things to what they were and start over.
-
-
-Formatting is especially dangerous because it is neither idempotent
-nor reversible. If formatting succeeds, the original data is lost.
-If formatting fails, the original data is probably lost (since indices
-are usually destroyed early).
-
-
-
-
-Operation
-Idempotent
-Reversible
-Inverse Operation
-Caveat
-
-
-Backup
-Yes
-Yes
-Destroy the backup
-Try reading the backup lest it be corrupt
-
-
-Catalog
-Yes
-Yes
-Destroy the catalog
-Record too many details since only 1-10% will ever be used, though
-it is hard to predict which 1-10%.
-
-
-Attach
-No
-Yes
-Disattach the devices
-Use electrostatic protection and personal safety procedures lest the
-delicate components or yuurself be damaged physically.
-
-
-Compact
-Yes
-No
-
-Repair filesystem errors before compacting, since recovery will probably
-be impossible after compacting.
-
-
-Repartition
-Yes
-Yes
-Record the starting table
-Reenter the recorded starting table
-Carefully check the partitioning before using the computer, since applications
-will believe the partition table and may destroy files. A small error
-in partition borders or lengths may cause infrequent disk errors that are
-not seen for months, but can become very time-consuming.
-
-
-Format
-No
-No
-
-All data in the partition is destroyed so make sure that there is no
-useful information in the partition and/or that the data is in a good backup.
-
-
-Initial Program Load
-Yes
-Yes
-Format the partition
-Carefully record, test, and expect to change the configuration of linux
-as your understanding, needs, and desires change. As you use your
-computer, you can expect to quickly find that you wish you'd made different
-configuration decisions. Most linux distributions allow easy reconfiguration
-of a running system.
-
-
-Boot Manager
-Yes
-No
-
-Windows installation overwrites the boot manager with one that loads
-Windows automatically. If you isntall Windows+linux, you must installl
-Windows first.
-
-
-Mount
-Yes
-Yes
-Unmount
-Care with permissions is needed to prevent undesired use of the computer
-(e.g. openning your telephone to anyone on your cable modem network may
-tend to increase your phone bills.).
-
-
-
-__
-How large should my swap partition be?__
-Swap partition size (or even its existence) is a hotly debated issue beyond
-the scope of this HOWTO. Many books on performanc
-tuning provide guidelines on swap partition size and how to recognize
-a need to expand or shrink it. At press time, the author recommends
-64M as a safe size.
-
-__
-Should I add package xxx?__
-A reader of this HOWTO presumably wants to benefit from the strengths of
-both Windows and linux, and suffer the shortcomings of neither.
-
-
-Most linux distributions allow you to cleanly remove any package.
-unix dialects support permissions so that each package gets a well defined
-share of the computer and this share can be identified and taken back in
-its entirety. unix dialects support symbolic links so that the package
-can appear to be in a convenient place without actually occupying space
-from the convenient place. The distributions that do not support
-easy removal are usually tiny specialized distributions like tomsrtbt.
-The risk that an unwanted package will plague your linux indefinitely
-is small since you can remove it at any time.
-
-
-Most Windows packages can never be uninstalled cleanly under Windows,
-as they usually leave dll updates and registry entries. It is therefore
-important to add packages only when you are sure that you need them, since
-your only way of removing them may be to reinstall Windows and every package
-that you want.
-
-
-Sharing a machine between Windows and linux, means that linux can aid
-clean removal of packages from Windows. Since it only identifies
-but does not predict, linux cannot insure clean removal. Since linux
-find resolves to the second rather than Windows find to the day, it can
-much more accurately identify what was changed.
-
-
-#
-Record the date and time before you install a package to Windows.
-#
-
-#
-Install the package.
-#
-
-#
-Record the date and time after you install the package.
-#
-
-#
-Under linux, use touch to create a file timestamped at the start of installation.
-#
-
-#
-Under linux, use touch to create a file timestamped at the end of installation.
-#
-
-#
-Under linux, use find to identify every Windows file and folder that was
-altered during installation.
-#
-
-#
-Store the list of altered files and folders to identify what has to be
-removed or restored.
-#
-
-Table of Contents
-----
-
-!!
-Caveats
-There ar no caveats at press time. Please contact
-the maintainer with any suggestions that you
-have.
-
-
-Table of Contents
-----
-
-!!
-Tips and Tricks
-There ar no tips and tricks at press time. Please contact
-the maintainer with any suggestions that you
-have.
-
-
-Table of Contents
-----
-
-!!!
-Reference
-
-!!
-Legend
-
-
-
-
-Symbol
-Meaning
-Example
-
-
-[[...]
-Left-click a button
-[[File/Close] appears in most X applications.
-[[OK] appears in most Windows dialogs
-
-
-[[[[..]]
-Double-left click a button
-[[[[My Computer]] displays the devices of a Windows systems
-
-
-{...}
-Right-click a button
-{My Computer\Properties} displays the configuration of a Windows system
-
-
-...\...
-.../...
-Walk a hierarchy
-in a menu or filesystem
-linux uses / to delimit elements in hierarchies.
-Windows uses \ to delimit element in hierarchies.
-
-
-bash> ...
-Enter instructions into a bash-style shell
-bash> uname -a
-returns linux kernel version information
-
-
-A:\> ...
-C:\> ...
-Enter instruction snto dos shell
-[[Start\Run...] Open: command [[OK]
-C:\> ver
-returns Windows version information
-
-
-(uc)
-under construction
-Incomplete section of this HOWTO
-
-
-<...>
-replace with indicated value
-Enter First Name: <your first name>
-
-
-Table of Contents
-----
-
-!!
-Glossary
-
-!
-Bios
-A bios (Basic Input/Output System) is a small operating
-system supplied with and usually encoded in the computer hardware.
-The bios is often little more than is needed to load and run the operating
-system normally used. Most BIOSs at press time reside in shadow ram
-which is electronically removed from the computer once the normal operating
-system is loaded and starts running.
-
-!
-Boot Manager
-See Master Boot Record..
-
-!
-Defragmenting
-See Repartitioning.
-
-!
-Disk
-A disk is a physical storage medium. A disk must be formatted before
-data on the disk is accessible. A municipal library building is a
-good model of a disk. The building itslf has a fixed volume and can
-therefore hold a fixed number of books. The largest number of books
-can be stored by simply dumping them inside the building, but the result
-would simply be a big trash pile and the books would not be available for
-use. In order to use the books, they are placed on bookshelves so
-they can be accessed. Placing the equivalent of bookshelves on the
-disk is called formatting.
-
-
-
-
-component
-analog
-
-
-disk
-municipal library building
-
-
-format
-bookshelves
-
-
-
-
-!
-Filesystems
-See Partition
-
-!
-Format
-See Disk
-
-!
-Formatting
-See Repartitioning. Though
-beyond the scope of this HOWTO, low-level formatting refers to the phsyical
-division of the magnetic media into magnetic domains similar to applying
-the bias to magnetic tape.
-
-
-!
-Master Boot Record
-Each bootable partition has firmware that runs in the bios.
-This firmware historically occupies the 446 bytes before the partition
-table. A simple master boot record simply copies the operating system
-from the media into memory and turns computer control over to the operating
-system.
-
-
-At power up, cold boot, or warm boot, the bios searches the computer
-storage media until it finds a master boot record which it then executes
-it. The search locations and order differ between different bioses.
-Often the search order is configuratble with firmware encoded in the computer
-hardware with the bios. The most common search order is floppy, cdrom,
-network, usb disk, scsi disk, ide disk.
-
-
-A more complex master boot record, called a boot manager, loads a program
-into memory that gives the user an opportunity to select which operating
-system to load.
-
-
-!
-Operating System
-An operating system is firmware that supports effective computter use.
-As an allocator, the operating system verifies that only one process at
-a time controls the cpu , disk, write access to a file, and other unshareable
-resources. As a toolkit, the operating system provides a set of software
-pieces for common functions (e.g. reading from a file, writing to the screen).
-As a virtual machine, the operating system makes the physical computer
-behave like another well-specified computer, so that software can be written
-once for the well-specified computer and then run on many physical computers
-with compatible operating systems. As an allocator, the operating
-system is like the staff that schedules the use of meeting rooms in the
-library. As a toolkit, the operating system is like the library staff
-that reshelves books or the library copier. As a virtual machine,
-the operating system is like one of the many libraries that endeaver to
-look like the U.S. Library of Congress with vertical bookshelves, a circular
-reference desk, and a lobby area with indices. A patron entering
-any such library finds the layout familiar, and one patron can give usable
-directions to a patron of a different library.
-
-
-*
-Allocator
-*
-
-*
-Toolkit
-*
-
-*
-Virtual Machine
-*
-
-
-
-
-
-component
-analog
-
-
-operating system
-llibrary staff
-
-
-
-!
- Partition
-A disk is a physical portion of a disk. A
-filesystem is a map between addresses and files accessed on the disk.
-Most libraries are divided into floors or sections, such as Adult Fiction,
-Reference, and Juvenile Non-Fiction. Each section usually has its
-own card catalog and often different sections use different schemes.
-Adult Fiction is usually indexed by Author Name. Reference is usually
-indexed by Subject. There are even competing indexing schemes for
-the same section such as Dewey Decimal or Library of Congress.
-
-
-
-
-component
-analog
-
-
-partition
-library building floor
-
-
-filesystem
-indexing scheme and card catalog
-
-
-
-
-!
-Partition Table
-Every disk has a partition table stored in a standard
-location and in a standard format on the disk.
-The partition table describes where each partition
-begins and ends on the disk. The partition table also describes what
-filesystem is used in each partition.
-The partition table is like the wall map that usually appears at the entry
-to any library. This wall map tells where each section (e.g. Reference,
-Adult Fiction, Juvenile Non-fiction) is located and how the books are shelved
-(e.g. Title, Author, Dewey Decimal)
-
-
-
-
-component
-analog
-
-
-partition table
-library floor map
-
-
-
-!
- Repartitioning
-Before defragmenting, the index (I), active files (A) and deleted files
-(d) are distributed across the partition.
-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.
-|I|I|d|A|d|d|d|d|d|d|d|d|A|A|d|d|d|d|d|d|A|A|A|d|d|A| | | | |
-'-'-'-'-'-'-'-'-'-'-'-'-'-'-'-'-'-'-'-'-'-'-'-'-'-'-'-'-'-'-'
-After defragmenting, the index(I), and active files (A) are concentrated.
-Some deleted files (d) are lost. Some space formerly occupied by
-active files become lost (l).
-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.
-|I|I|A|A|A|A|A|A|A|d|d|d|l|l|d|d|d|d|d|d|l|l|l|d|d|l| | | | |
-'-'-'-'-'-'-'-'-'-'-'-'-'-'-'-'-'-'-'-'-'-'-'-'-'-'-'-'-'-'-'
-After splitting, no active data is lost, and a new partition appears that
-is not yet formatted.
-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.
-|I|I|A|A|A|A|A|A|A|d|
-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.
-|d|d|l|l|d|d|d|d|d|d|l|l|l|d|d|l| | | | |
-'-'-'-'-'-'-'-'-'-'-'-'-'-'-'-'-'-'-'-'-'
-After repartitioning, the new partition is further split.
-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.
-|I|I|A|A|A|A|A|A|A|d|
-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
-|d|d|l|l|d|d|d|d|d|d|
-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
-|l|l|l|d|d|l| | | | |
-'-'-'-'-'-'-'-'-'-'-'
-After formatting, each formatted partition has an empty filesystem. (e.g.
-dos6 (I, A), ext2 (N, A), vfat (V, A)).
-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.
-|I|I|A|A|A|A|A|A|A|d|
-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
-|N| |N| | | | | | | |
-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
-|V|V|V| | | | | | | |
-'-'-'-'-'-'-'-'-'-'-'
-
-!
-Splitting
-See Repartitioning.
-
-
-!
-Winmodem
-Winmodems are a class of devices including winprinters, winscanners.
-Winmodems are a subset of the class of devices that achieve low-cost by
-replacing hardware in their convential equivalents with firmware run by
-the host. The drawback of these devices is that their dependence
-on the host usually slows or prohibits other operations simultaneously
-on the host.
-
-
-By analogy low-cost headlights for an automobile might consist of a
-flashlight atop a battery tray that sits in the front passenger seat.
-To use the headlights, you must start the car, remove the battery from
-the car, and install the car battery in the flashlight tray. The
-headlight cost is reduced by the cost of the solenoid, dashboard switch,
-wiring, and fuses. If you use the headlights, the limitations mean
-that you can't carry a front passenger, you can't restart the car, you
-can't use the car radio, and the fuel guage reads empty.
-
-
-Winmodems are distinct from the slightly larger class of these low-cost
-devices by the fact that they use proprietary firmware included in the
-Windows operating system. In the United States, it is illegal to
-sell firmware to use this proprietary firmware without Microsoft consent.
-At press time, the price of Microsoft consent is only slightly less than
-the cost of a convential device.
-
-
-Table of Contents
-----
-
-!!
-Bibliography
-
-
-
-Work
-Publisher
-Source
-
-
-!DosLinux
-
-Small linux distribution installed on an existing Dos system i.e. msdos,
-pcdos, opendos, and win95/98.
-http://www.linux.org/dist/
-
-
-e2fsck
-
-ext2 filesystem checker
-Included in tomsrtbt
-
-
-fdisk
-
-Partition table editor
-Included in most linux distributions (e.g. tomsrtbt,
-Slackware)
-ftp://ftp.rge.com/pub/systems/linux/slackware/slakware/a14/util.tgz
-
-
-fips
-
-Partition Splitter
-ftp://sunsite.icm.edu.pl/pub/Linux/sunsite.unc.edu/system/installl/
-
-
-format
-Microsoft
-Windows Partition Fromatter
-Included in Windows 95/98/NT
-
-
-Ghost
-Norton
-Windows Partition Backup
-http://www.norton.com/sabu/ghost/
-
-
-Hardware Compatibility HOWTO
-
-compilation of linux support experience
- what works, what doesn't,
-http://howto.linuxberg.com/LDP/HOWTO/Hardware-HOWTO.html
-If the product manufacturer does not support linux,
- it may be several months before user experience is reported
-
-
-lilo
-
-Simple text configuratble boot manager
-
-
-mke2fs
-
-ext2 filesystem creator
-Included in tomsrtbt
-
-
-mkswap
-
-swap filesystem creator
-Include in tomsrtbt
-
-
-System Performance Tuning
-O'Reiley & Associates, Inc.
-by Mike Loukides
-ISBN -937175-60-9
-http://www.ora.com/catalog/spt/
-
-
-tob
-
-Unix Tape-Oriented Backup
-http://metabab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/backup/
-
-
-tomsrtbt
-Toms Ochser
-Tom's Root Boot
-Small Linux distribution that fits on a single floppy disk
-t's useful as a root/boot/recovery disk
-http://www.tux.org/pub/distributions/tinylinux/tomsrtbt/
-
-
-vmware
-VMware, Inc.
-x86 emulation
-http://www.vmware.com/
-
-
-yast
-SuSE GmbH
-Yet another Setup Tool
-Suse System Configuration Tool
-http://newton.ikp.physik.tu-darmstadt.de/doc/susehilf/pak_e/paket_yast.html
-
-
-Table of Contents
-----
-
-!!!
-This HOWTO
-The purpose of this copyright and license is to promote distribution and
-use limited only by accuracy. Your experience and modifications are
-requested for distribution. Please submit them to the maintainer.
-
-!!
-Copyright
-Copyright (c) 1999 by Dr. Robert J. Meier. This document may
-be distributed only subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the
-LDP License, except that this document must not
-be distributed in modified form without the author's consent.
-
-
-!!
-LINUX DOCUMENTATION PROJECT LICENSE (LDPL) v2.,
-12 January 1998
-__COPYRIGHT__
-
-
-The copyright to each Linux Documentation Project (LDP) document is
-owned by its author or authors.
-
-
-__LICENSE__
-
-
-The following license terms apply to all LDP documents, unless otherwise
-stated in the document. The LDP documents may be reproduced and distributed
-in whole or in part, in any medium physical or electronic, provided that
-this license notice is displayed in the reproduction. Commercial redistribution
-is permitted and encouraged. Thirty days advance notice via email to the
-author(s) of redistribution is appreciated, to give the authors time to
-provide updated documents.
-__REQUIREMENTS OF MODIFIED WORKS__
-
-
-All modified documents, including translations, anthologies, and partial
-documents, must meet the following requirements:
-
-
-###
-The modified version must be labeled as such.
-###
-
-###
-The person making the modifications must be identified.
-###
-
-###
-Acknowledgement of the original author must be retained.
-###
-
-###
-The location of the original unmodified document be identified.
-###
-
-###
-The original author's (or authors') name(s) may not be used to assert or
-imply endorsement of the resulting document without the original author's
-(or authors') permission.
-###
-
-In addition it is requested that:
-
-
-###
-The modifications (including deletions) be noted.
-###
-
-###
-The author be notified by email of the modification in advance of redistribution,
-if an email address is provided in the document.
-###
-
-As a special exception, anthologies of LDP documents may include a single
-copy of these license terms in a conspicuous location within the anthology
-and replace other copies of this license with a reference to the single
-copy of the license without the document being considered "modified" for
-the purposes of this section.
-
-
-Mere aggregation of LDP documents with other documents or programs on
-the same media shall not cause this license to apply to those other works.
-
-
-All translations, derivative documents, or modified documents that incorporate
-any LDP document may not have more restrictive license terms than these,
-except that you may require distributors to make the resulting document
-available in source format.
-
-
-LDP documents are available in source format via the LDP home page at
-http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/.
-
-Table of Contents
-----
-
-!!
-Submission of Errors, Omissions, and Modifications
-No contact is required to use this HOWTO, but the maintainer
-would appreciate hearing from you. When you find anything missing
-or in error in this HOWTO, please send email to the maintainer.
-Please include ''Re:Linux+Windows-Howto'' in the subject followed by
-one of the keywords below. Please include your email address or other
-contact information if you are interested in a reply or if you are willing
-to provide further details.
-
-
-
-
-Keyword for subject
-Body
-
-
-''Usage''
-How did you use this HOWTO? What was your situation? Which
-character did you use?
-
-
-''Error''
-What is incorrect? Do you have a solution? Do you know
-who has the solution?
-
-
-''Missing''
-What question wasn't answered? Do you know the answer?
-Do you know who has the answer?
-
-
-''Experience''
-What are details of your system before? after? What exactly
-did you do? What worked? What didn't work?
-
-
-Table of Contents
-----
-
-!!
-Future Work
-The following are enhancements planned for this HOWTO.
-
-
-*
-Split out maintenance record format as separate HOWTO.
-*
-
-*
-Write Open Software Distribution Standard as HOWTO and reference.
-*
-
- Table of Contents
-----
-
-!!
-Revision History
-
-
-
-Author
-Contacts
-
-
-Jonathan Katz
-mailto:jkatz@in.net
-
-
-Dr. Robert J. Meier
-Maintainer
-mailto:robert.meier@fanucrobotics.com?subject=Re%3ALinux%2BWindows%2DHOWTO
-
-
-
-
-
-
-Date
-Author
-Change
-
-
-1995-11-??
-Jonathan Katz
-Wrote Linux+Win95
-
-
-1999-10-21
-Dr. Robert J
. Meier
-First draft of Linux+Windows-HOWTO
-
-
-Table of Contents
-----
+Describe
[HowToLinuxWindowsHOWTO
] here.
