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-Linux Crash HOWTO
-!!!Linux Crash HOWTO
-!Norman Patten
-
-nepatten@us.ibm.com
-
-
-
-2002-01-30
-
-
-__Revision History__Revision 1.02002-01-30Revised by: NMInitial release.
-
-
-
-
-
-This document describes the installation and usage of the
-LKCD (Linux Kernel Crash Dump) package.
-
-
-
-
-
-----; __Table of Contents__; 1. Introduction: ; 1.1. Copyright and License; 2. How LKCD Works: ; 2.1. What You Need; 3. Installation of lkcd: ; 3.1. Installing From Source Code; 3.2. Building and Installing LKCD Utilities; 3.3. What Gets Installed; 3.4. Installing LKCD Utilities From RPM; 3.5. Patching the Kernel; 3.6. Build and Install the Kernel; 4. Setup, Test, and Running crash: ; 4.1. Setting up crash dump; 4.2. Testing crash; 4.3. Running crash----
-!!!1. Introduction
-
- The __LKCD (Linux Kernel Crash Dump)__
-project is a set of kernel patches and utilities to allow a copy
-of the kernel memory to be saved in the event of a kernel panic.
-The saved kernel image makes forensics on the kernel panic
-possible with utilities included in the package. Most commercial
-Unix operating systems come with similar crash utilities, but
-this package is fairly new to Linux and has to be added on
-manually. The LKCD utility is not designed to gather helpful
-information in the case of a hardware caused panic or a segment
-violation. The complete LKCD package is available for download at
-http://lkcd.sourceforge.net/.
-
-
-----
-!!1.1. Copyright and License
-
-This document is copyrighted (c) 2002 by Norman Patten.
-Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
-Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software
-Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover
-Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is
-available at http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html.
-
-
-
-Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds .
-lkcd is distributed under the copyright of Silicon Graphics Inc.
-
-
-
-Send feedback to
-''nepatten@us.ibm.com''.
-
-
-----
-!!!2. How LKCD Works
-
- When a kernel encounters certain errors it calls the
-"panic" function which results from a unrecoverable
-error. This panic results in LKCD initiating a kernel dump where
-kernel memory is copied out to the pre-designated dump area. The
-dump device is configured as primary swap by default. The kernel
-is not completely functional at this point, but there is enough
-functionality to copy memory to disk. After dump finishes
-copying memory to disk, the system re-boots. When the system
-boots back up, it checks for a new crash dump. If a new crash
-dump is found it is copied from the dump location to the file
-system, "/var/log/dump" directory
-by default. After copying the image, the system continues to boot
-normally and forensics can be performed at a later date.
-
-----
-!!2.1. What You Need
-
- lkcd-kernelxxx.diff file for patching the
-kernel. The kernel version supported will change routinely.
-lkcdutils-xx.src.rpm - this is the utilities
-source and scripts you will need to setup and read a crash. At the
-time of this writing there is a i386 binary rpm available from
-lkcd.sourceforge.net,
-but you will still need the patches for the startup scripts from the
-source rpm.
-
-----
-!!!3. Installation of lkcd
-!!3.1. Installing From Source Code
-
- Get the lkcdutils-xxx.src.rpm and install it
-using __rpm -i kcdutils-xxx.src.rpm__ .
-This will place a file called lkcdutils-xxx.tar.gz
-in the /usr/src/redhat/SOURCES directory. This
-file is a compressed tar image of the lkcd source tree.
-Unwind the source in a directory of your choice like
-"/usr/src" with
-__tar -zxvf kcdutils-xxx.src.rpm__ .
-This will create a directory called
-"kcdutils-xxx" which will contain
-the LKCD utilities source.
-
-
-----
-!!3.2. Building and Installing LKCD Utilities
-
- LKCD used the standard GCC compiler and make files. To build
-the suite, cd to the LKCD src directory and
-run __./configure__ to build configuration files.
-The next step is to run __make__ to build
-the utilities, and finally run __make install__
-to install the utilities and man pages.
-
-
-----
-!!3.3. What Gets Installed
- /etc/sysconfig/dump # Configuration file for dump
-/sbin/lcrash # The crash utility
-/sbin/lkcd # Script to configure and save a crash
-/sbin/lkcd_config # Configuration utility for dump
-/sbin/lkcd_ksyms # Utility for reconstructing kernel symbols
-/usr/include/sial_api.h # Header file for the SIAL API
-/usr/lib/libsial.a # Simple Image Access Language library
-/usr/man/man1/lcrash.1 # man page for lcrash
-/usr/man/man1/lkcd_config.1 # man page for lkcd_config
-/usr/man/man1/lkcd_ksyms.1 # man page for lkcd_ksyms
-/usr/share/sial/lcrash/ps.sial # ps command implementation of SIAL
-----
-!!3.4. Installing LKCD Utilities From RPM
-
- You can install the pre-built utilities from rpm by running
-__rpm -i kcdutils-xxx.rpm__ . You will still need to
-patch the kernel and install the startup script patches. However you
-can bypass building the utilities step.
-
-----
-!!3.5. Patching the Kernel
-
- The next step is patching and rebuilding the kernel. You will
-need to patch the kernel source with the
-lkcd-xxx.diff file you downloaded from
-http://lkcd.sourceforge.net/.
-Copy the patch into the same directory as your kernel and run
-__patch -p0 ` lkcd-kernelxxx.diff__ . Make sure
-the patch you use is the same version as the kernel you
-are patching. Next you will need to configure the kernel to enable
-crash dump support. By default crash support is turned off after
-applying the patch. If you use __make menuconfig__
-or __make xconfig__, the "LKCD support"
-option is under kernel hacking. You will also need
-to enable other kernel features you might need. See the
-The Linux
-Kernel HOWTO for further details.
-
-----
-!!3.6. Build and Install the Kernel
-
- The next is building and installing the crash enabled kernel. In the
-kernel source directory run the following commands in order.
-
-
-
-make depend
-make install
-make modules
-make modules_install
-
-
- This will build and installing the new kernel, you will also need to
-copy the Kerntypes file from the kernel source to
-the /boot directory. You may also need to edit the
-lilo.conf file to point to you new kernel. See
-http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/Kernel-HOWTO.html
-for more information on building and installing a kernel.
-
-----
-!!!4. Setup, Test, and Running crash
-!!4.1. Setting up crash dump
-
- In order to save a core image that has been written into swap,
-the image must be saved prior to swap being re-mounted during
-boot. To accomplish this, the sysinit
-startup file needs to be changed. The lkcd source includes a
-scripts directory which contains patches
-for various sysinit startup scripts. These patches add the
-__lkcd config__ and __lkcd save__
-commands to enable crash dumps and to save any existing crash
-dumps upon startup.
-
-----
-!!4.2. Testing crash
-
- To force a panic to test you new crash setup, compile the following
-code with __cc -c -I/usr/src/linux/include panic.c__ .
-After building the panic.o module just
-__insmod panic.o__ to panic the kernel.
-
-
- ### panic.c ###########################
-#define __KERNEL__
-# MODULE
-# include init_module(void)
-int init_module (void)
-{
-panic(" panic has been called");
-return ;
-}
-----
-!!4.3. Running crash
-
- To view your kernel core file __lcrash__ needs
-to be invoked with a couple of parameters:
-
-
- __lcrash
[[ System.map file ] [[ dump image ] [[ Kerntypes
]__
-Example:
-__lcrash /boot/System.map ./dump.1 /boot/Kerntypes__
-
-
-It will take a minute to load the kernel image into memory and drop
-you into the crash shell. At the crash shell prompt you can type a
-__?__ to see the available commands
.
+Describe
[HowToLinuxCrashHOWTO
] here
.
