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-
-
-
-Linux IPX-HOWTO
-
-
-
-----
-
-!!!Linux IPX-HOWTO
-
-!!Kevin Thorpe, kevin@pricetrak.comv2.3, 06 May 1998
-
-
-----
-''This document aims to describe how to obtain, install and configure various
-tools available for the the Linux operating system that use the Linux kernel
-IPX protocol support.''
-----
-
-
-
-
-!!1. Introduction.
-
-
-*1.1 Changes from the previous release.
-
-*1.2 Introduction.
-
-
-
-
-
-!!2. Disclaimer.
-
-
-
-
-!!3. Related Documentation.
-
-
-*3.1 New versions of this document.
-
-*3.2 Feedback.
-
-*3.3 Mailing list support.
-
-
-
-
-
-!!4. Some of the terms used in this document.
-
-
-
-
-!!5. A brief discussion of IPX network topology
-
-
-
-
-!!6. The IPX related files in the /proc filesystem.
-
-
-
-
-!!7. Greg Pages IPX tools.
-
-
-*7.1 The IPX tools in more detail.
-
-
-
-
-
-!!8. Configuring your Linux machine as an IPX router.
-
-
-*8.1 Do I need to configure an internal network ?
-
-
-
-
-
-!!9. Configuring your Linux machine as an NCP client.
-
-
-*9.1 Obtaining __''ncpfs''__.
-
-*9.2 Building __''ncpfs''__ for kernel 1.2.13.
-
-*9.3 Building __''ncpfs''__ for kernels 1.3.71++/2..*.
-
-*9.4 Configuring and using __''ncpfs''__.
-
-
-
-
-
-!!10. Configuring your Linux machine as an NCP server.
-
-
-*10.1 The __''mars_nwe''__ package.
-
-*10.2 The __''lwared''__ package.
-
-
-
-
-
-!!11. Configuring your Linux machine as a Novell Print Client.
-
-
-
-
-!!12. Configuring your Linux machine as a Novell Print Server.
-
-
-*12.1 Prerequisites
-
-*12.2 Configuration
-
-
-
-
-
-!!13. An overview of the ''ncpfs'' user and adminstration commands
-
-
-*13.1 User commands.
-
-*13.2 Administration tools.
-
-
-
-
-
-!!14. Configuring PPP for IPX support.
-
-
-*14.1 Configuring an IPX/PPP server.
-
-*14.2 Configuring an IPX/PPP client.
-
-
-
-
-
-!!15. IPX tunnel over IP
-
-
-*15.1 Obtaining ''ipxtunnel''
-
-*15.2 Building ''ipxtunnel''
-
-*15.3 Configuring ''ipxtunnel''
-
-*15.4 Testing and using ''ipxtunnel''
-
-
-
-
-
-!!16. Commercial IPX support for Linux.
-
-
-*16.1 Caldera'a Network Desktop
-
-
-
-
-
-!!17. Some Frequently Asked Questions
-
-
-
-
-!!18. Copyright Message.
-
-
-
-
-!!19. Miscellaneous and Acknowledgements.
-----
-
-!!1. Introduction.
-
-
-This is the Linux IPX-HOWTO. You should read the Linux NET-3-HOWTO in
-conjunction with this document.
-
-
-
-
-!!1.1 Changes from the previous release.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-Change of author:
-Many thanks to Terry Dawson for passing on this document and
-congratulations on becoming a father :-).
-Additions:
-Addition of a brief explanation of IPX. This is in response to
-many baffled queries on the discussion lists.
-Corrections/Updates:
-New version of ncpfs which now supports NDS logins. This is early
-beta test and may be prohibited in your country due to the use of
-patented technology.
-Addition of support for trustee rights in mars_nwe. This is still
-in beta test.
-
-
-
-
-
-!!1.2 Introduction.
-
-
-
-The Linux Kernel has a completely new network implementation as compared
-to other Unix like operating systems. The ability to take a fresh approach
-to developing the kernel networking software has led to the Linux kernel
-having support for a range of non tcp/ip protocols being built. The IPX
-protocol is one of those that have been included.
-
-
-The Linux kernel supports the IPX protocol only. It does not yet support
-protocols such as IPX/RIP, SAP or NCP, these are supported by other software
-such as that documented elsewhere in this document.
-
-
-The IPX support was originally developed by Alan Cox
-<alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk> and has been significantly enhanced by
-Greg Page <greg@caldera.com>.
-
-
-
-----
-
-!!2. Disclaimer.
-
-
-I do not and cannot know everything there is to know about the Linux network
-software. Please accept and be warned that this document probably does contain
-errors. Please read any README files that are included with any of the various
-pieces of software described in this document for more detailed and accurate
-information. I will attempt to keep this document as error-free and up-to-date
-as possible. Versions of software are current as at time of writing.
-
-
-In no way do I or the authors of the software in this document offer protection
-against your own actions. If you configure this software, even as described in
-this document and it causes problems on your network then you alone must
-carry the responsibility. I include this warning because IPX network design
-and configuration is not always a simple matter and sometimes undesirable
-interaction with other routers and fileservers can result if you do not design
-or configure your network carefully. I also include this warning because I
-was asked to by someone unfortunate enough to have discovered this lesson the
-hard way.
-
-
-
-----
-
-!!3. Related Documentation.
-
-
-This document presumes you understand how to build a Linux kernel with
-the appropriate networking options selected and that you understand how
-to use the basic network tools such as ''ifconfig'' and ''route''.
-If you do not, then you should read the
-NET-3-HOWTO
-in conjunction with this document as it describes these.
-
-
-Other Linux HOWTO documents that might be useful are:
-
-
-The
-Ethernet-HOWTO,
-which describes the details of configuring an Ethernet device for Linux.
-
-
-The
-PPP-HOWTO
-as IPX support is available for version 2.2.0d and later of the Linux PPP
-implementation.
-
-
-
-
-!!3.1 New versions of this document.
-
-
-
-If your copy of this document is more than two months old then I strongly
-recommend you obtain a newer version. The networking support for Linux is
-changing very rapidly with new enhancements and features, so this document
-also changes fairly frequently. The latest released version of this document
-can always be retrieved by anonymous ftp from:
-
-
-ftp:/sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/IPX-HOWTO>/
-or:
-ftp:/sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/other-formats/IPX-HOWTO{-html.tar,ps,dvi}.gz>/
-via the World Wide Web from the
-Linux Documentation Project Web Server, at page:
-IPX-HOWTO
-or directly from me, <kevin@pricetrak.com>. It may
-also be posted to the newsgroups: comp.os.linux.networking,
-comp.os.linux.answers and news.answers from time to time.
-
-
-
-
-!!3.2 Feedback.
-
-
-
-Please send any comments, updates, or suggestions to me,
-<kevin@pricetrak.com>. The sooner I get feedback, the
-sooner I can update and correct this document. If you find any problems
-with it, please mail me directly as I can miss info posted to the newsgroups.
-
-
-
-
-!!3.3 Mailing list support.
-
-
-
-There is a mailing list established for discussion of the various Linux
-IPX software packages described in this document. You can subscribe to it
-by sending a mail message to `listserv@sh.cvut.cz' with
-`add linware' in the body of the message. To post to the list your
-send your mail to `linware@sh.cvut.cz'. I regularly watch this list.
-
-
-The mailing list is archived at
-www.kin.vslib.cz.
-
-
-
-----
-
-!!4. Some of the terms used in this document.
-
-
-You will often see the terms client and server used in this
-document. They are normally fairly specific terms but in this document I have
-generalized their definitions a little so that they mean the following:
-
-; __client__:
-
-The machine or program that initiates an action or a
-connection for the purpose of gaining use of some service or data.
-; __server__:
-
-The machine or program that accepts incoming connections from
-multiple remote machines and provides a service or data to those.
-
-
-
-These definitions are not very reliable either, but they provide a means of
-distinguishing the ends of peer to peer systems such as ''SLIP'' or
-''PPP'' which truly do not actually have clients and servers.
-
-
-Other terms you will see are:
-
-; __Bindery__:
-
-The ''bindery'' is a specialised database storing network
-configuration information on a Novell fileserver. Netware clients may query
-the ''bindery'' to obtain information on available services, routing and
-user information.
-; __Frame Type__:
-
-is a term used to describe that actual protocol used to carry
-the IPX (and IP) datagrams across your ethernet style network segments. There
-are four common ones. They are:
-
-; __Ethernet_II__:
-
-This is a refined version of the original DIX ethernet
-standard. Novell has been allocated a formal protocol id and this means that
-both IPX and IP can coexist happily in an Ethernet_II environment quite
-happily. This is commonly used in Novell environments and is a good choice.
-; __802.3__:
-
-This is an I.E.E.E. protocol defining a Carrier Sense
-Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) mechanism. It was based
-on the original DIX Ethernet standard, with an important modification, the
-type (protocol id) field was converted into a length field instead. It is
-for this reason that IPX really shouldn't be run here. IEEE 802.3 was designed
-to carry IEEE 802.2 frames __only__ but there are implementations that use
-it to carry IPX frames directly and remarkably it does work. Avoid it unless
-you are trying to interwork with a network already configured to use it.
-; __802.2__:
-
-This is an I.E.E.E. protocol that defines a set of Logical Link
-Control procedures. It provides a simplistic way of allowing different
-protocols to coexist, but is quite limited in this respect. Novell uses an
-unofficial Service Address Point (like a protocol id) but since everyone else
-uses it as well, that hasn't yet presented too much of a problem.
-; __SNAP__:
-
-SNAP is the Sub Network Access Protocol. This protocol is
-designed ride on top of 802.3 and 802.2. It expands the multiprotocol
-capability of 802.2 and provides some measure of compatability with existing
-Ethernet and Ethernet_II frame types.
-
-
-
-
-; __IPX__:
-
-Internet Packet eXchange is a protocol used by the Novell
-corporation to provide internetworking support for their !NetWare(tm) product.
-IPX is similar in functionality to the IP protocol used by the tcp/ip
-community.
-; __IPX network address__:
-
-This is a number which uniquely identifies a
-particular IPX network. The usual notation for this address is in hexadecimal.
-An example might look like: 0x23a91002.
-; __IPX Internal network__:
-
-This is a virtual IPX network. It is virtual
-because it does not correspond to a physical network. This is used to provide
-a means of uniquely identifying and addressing a particular IPX host. This
-is generally only useful to IPX hosts that exist on more than one physical
-IPX network such as fileservers. The address is coded in the same form as
-for a physical IPX network.
-; __RIP__:
-
-Routing Information Protocol is a protocol used to automatically
-propagate network routes in an IPX network. It is functionally similar to the
-RIP used within the tcp/ip community.
-; __NCP__:
-
-!NetWare Core Protocol is a networked filesystem protocol designed
-by the Novell Corporation for their !NetWare(tm) product. NCP is functionally
-similar to the NFS used in the tcp/ip community.
-; __SAP__:
-
-Service Advertisement Protocol is a protocol designed by the
-Novell Corporation that is used to advertise network services in a !NetWare(tm)
-environment.
-; __Hardware address__:
-
-This is a number that uniquely identifies a host in a
-physical network at the media access layer. Examples of this are
-''Ethernet Addresses''. An Ethernet address is generally coded as six
-hexadecimal values separated by colon characters eg. 00:60:8C:C3:3C:0F
-; __route__:
-
-The ''route'' is the path that your packets take through the
-network to reach their destination.
-
-
-
-
-----
-
-!!5. A brief discussion of IPX network topology
-
-
-This is a much simplified explanation for people new to IPX. Large networks
-will probably break lots of the rules explained here. In complex IPX networks
-the administrator should always be consulted.
-
-
-IPX networking revolves around a scheme of numbered ''networks'' unlike
-IP which places more emphasis on the ''interface'' addresses. A network
-is a collection of equipment connected to the same LAN segment and
-''using the same frame type''. Different frame types on the same LAN segment
-are treated as seperate networks.
-
-
-Each network must be allocated a number which is unique across the entire
-internetwork. This is usually performed by a !NetWare(tm) server, but can
-easily be performed by Linux. IPX clients are given this number by the
-server when starting, they only require to know the correct frame type.
-
-
-Routing between networks is usually performed by putting two network cards
-in a server. This server then runs the RIP protocol which holds a routing
-table for the internetwork. Periodic broadcasts of this routing table are
-exchanged between servers. Within a short time each server 'discovers' the
-topology of the internetwork.
-
-
-If you only wish to use the services of an existing !NetWare server, you
-can use ipx_configure (section 7.1) to automatically define the
-IPX interfaces by using broadcast queries to look for a server. If this
-fails, or you wish to provide IPX services, you will need to define the
-interfaces manually using ipx_interface or mars_nwe.
-
-
-
-----
-
-!!6. The IPX related files in the /proc filesystem.
-
-
-There are a number of files related to the Linux IPX support that are located
-within the /proc filesystem. They are:
-
-
-
-
-; __/proc/net/ipx_interface__:
-
-This file contains information
-about the IPX interfaces configured on your machine. These may have been
-configured manually by command or automatically detected and configured.
-; __/proc/net/ipx_route__:
-
-This file contains a list of the
-routes that exist in the IPX routing table. These routes may have been added
-manually by command or automatically by an IPX routing daemon.
-; __/proc/net/ipx__:
-
-This file is a list of the IPX sockets
-that are currently open for use on the machine.
-
-
-
-
-----
-
-!!7. Greg Pages IPX tools.
-
-
-Greg Page <greg@caldera.com of Caldera Incorporated has written
-a suite of IPX configuration tools and enhanced the Linux IPX kernel support.
-
-
-The kernel enhancements allow linux to be configured as a fully featured
-IPX bridge or router. The enhanced IPX support has already been fed back into
-the mainstream kernel distribution so you will probably already have it.
-
-
-The network configuration tools provide you with the capability to configure
-your network devices to support IPX and allow you to configure IPX routing
-and other facilities under Linux. The Linux IPX network tools are available
-from:
-sunsite.unc.edu.
-
-
-
-
-!!7.1 The IPX tools in more detail.
-
-
-
-
-
-; __ipx_interface__:
-
-This command is used to manually add, delete or check
-ipx capability to an existing network device. Normally the network device
-would be an Ethernet device such at eth0. At least one IPX interface
-must be designated the ''primary'' interface and the ''-p'' flag
-to this command does this. For example to enable Ethernet device eth0
-for IPX capability as the primary IPX interface using the IEEE 802.2 frame type
-and IPX network address 39ab0222 you would use:
-
-
-# ipx_interface add -p eth0 802.2 0x39ab0222
-
-
-
-
-If the frame type differs from !NetWare(tm) servers on this network, they will
-studiously ignore you. If the frame type is correct but the network number
-differs, they will still ignore you but complain frequently on the !NetWare
-server console. The latter is guaranteed to gain you flames from your
-!NetWare administrator and may disrupt existing !NetWare clients.
-
-
-If you get an error while running this program and you happen to not
-have already configured tcp/ip, then you will find that you need to manually
-start the eth0 interface using the command:
-
-
-# ifconfig eth0 up
-
-
-
-
-
-; __ipx_configure__:
-
-This command enables or disables the automatic setting
-of the interface configuration and primary interface settings.
-
-; __--auto_interface__:
-
-allows you to select whether new network
-devices should be automatically configured as IPX devices or not.
-; __--auto_primary__:
-
-allows you to select whether the IPX software
-should automatically select a primary interface or not. Problems have been
-noted using this with Windows 95 clients on the network.
-
-A typical example would be to enable both automatic interface configuration
-and automatic primary interface setting with the following command:
-
-
-# ipx_configure --auto_interface=on --auto_primary=on
-
-
-
-
-
-; __ipx_internal_net__:
-
-This command allows you to configure or deconfigure
-an internal network address. An internal network address is optional, but when
-it is configured it will always be the primary interface. To configure an
-IPX network address of ab000000 on IPX node 1
-you would use:
-
-
-# ipx_internal_net add 0xab000000 1
-
-
-
-
-
-; __ipx_route__:
-
-The command allows you to manually modify the IPX routing
-table. For example to add a route to IPX network 39ab0222 via
-a router with node number 00608CC33C0F on IPX network
-39ab0108:
-
-
-# ipx_route add 0x39ab0222 0x39ab0108 0x00608CC33C0F
-
-
-
-
-
-
-----
-
-!!8. Configuring your Linux machine as an IPX router.
-
-
-If you have a number of IPX segments that you wish to internetwork you
-need the services of a router. In the Novell environment there are two
-pieces of information which are necessary to be propagated around the network.
-They are the network routing information propagated using Novell RIP, and
-the service advertisement information propagated using Novell SAP. Any
-router must support both of these protocols to be useful in most situations.
-
-
-Linux has support for both of these protocols and can be fairly easily
-made to function as a fully Novell compliant router.
-
-
-The Linux kernel IPX support actually manages the IPX packet forwarding
-across interfaces, but it does this according to the rules coded into the
-IPX routing table. Linux needs a program to implement the Novell RIP and SAP
-to ensure that the IPX routing table is built correctly and updated periodically
-to reflect changes in the network status.
-
-
-Volker Lendecke <lendecke@namu01.gwdg.de> has developed a routing
-daemon ''ipxripd'' that will do this for you. The ''mars_nwe'' package
-mentioned later includes an alternative routing daemon.
-
-
-You can find ''ipxripd'' at:
-
-
-
-sunsite.unc.edu
-
-or at Volkers home site at:
-
-
-
-ftp.gwdg.de
-
-Configuring your Linux machine to act as a router is very straightforward.
-The steps you must take are:
-
-
-#Build your kernel with IPX, Ethernet and /proc support.
-#
-
-#Obtain, compile and install the ''ipxd'' daemon program.
-#
-
-#Boot the new kernel and ensure that each of the Ethernet cards has
-been properly detected and there are no hardware conflicts.
-#
-
-#Enable the IPX protocol on each of the interfaces using the
-''ipx_interface'' command described above.
-#
-
-#Start the ''ipxd'' daemon program.
-#
-
-
-
-Consider the following simple network:
-
-
-
-
-IPX Addr: 0x01000000 802.2
-|--------------------------|
-|
-\_________________________
-\ Linux Router
-IPX Addr: 0x02000000 802.2 \
-|--------------------------| \ eth0/-----------\
-| \--====| |
-\_________________________ | IPX route |
-\ eth1| Table |
-IPX Addr: 0x03000000 etherII \----====| ^ |
-|--------------------------| | | |
-| eth2| IPXd |
-\______________________________/====| |
-| SAPd |
-IPX Addr: 0x04000000 etherII eth3| |
-|--------------------------| /====| |
-| | \___________/
-\______________________________/
-
-
-
-The configuration for the above network would look like:
-
-
-# ipx_interface add eth0 802.2 0x0100000000
-# ipx_interface add eth1 802.2 0x0200000000
-# ipx_interface add eth2 etherii 0x0300000000
-# ipx_interface add eth3 etherii 0x0400000000
-# ipxd
-
-
-
-
-You should then wait a moment or two and check your
-/proc/net/ipx_route file and you should see it populated with
-the IPX routes relevant to your configuration and any learned from any other
-routers in the network.
-
-
-
-
-!!8.1 Do I need to configure an internal network ?
-
-
-
-Novell has a feature called an internal network, which it uses to simplify
-routing in situations where a host has more than one network device connected.
-This is useful in the case of a fileserver connected to multiple networks
-as it means that only one route needs to be advertised to reach the server
-regardless of which network you are attempting from.
-
-
-In the case of a configuration where you are not running a fileserver and
-your machine acting only as an IPX router the question is not as simple to
-answer. It has been reported that configuring for IPX/PPP works `better' if
-you also configure an internal network.
-
-
-In any case it is easy to do, but may require a rebuild of your kernel.
-When you are working through the kernel make config you must answer
-y when asked Full internal IPX network as illustrated:
-
-
-
-
-
-...
-...
-Full internal IPX network (CONFIG_IPX_INTERN)
[[N/y/?
] y
-...
-...
-
-
-
-
-To configure the internal network interface, use the ''ipx_internal_net''
-command described earlier in the IPX tools section. The main precaution to
-take is to ensure that they IPX network address you assign is unique on your
-network and that no other machine or network is using it.
-
-
-
-----
-
-!!9. Configuring your Linux machine as an NCP client.
-
-
-If you are a user of a mixed technology network that comprises both IP and IPX
-protocols it is likely that at some time or another you have wanted to have
-your Linux machine access data stored on a Novell fileserver on your
-network. Novell have long offered an NFS server package for their
-fileservers that would allow this, but if you are a small site or have only
-a small number of people interested in doing this it is difficult to justify
-the cost of the commercial package.
-
-
-Volker Lendecke <lendecke@namu01.gwdg.de> has written a Linux
-filesystem kernel module that supports a subset of the Novell NCP
-that will allow you to mount Novell volumes into your Linux filesystem
-without requiring any additional products for your fileserver.
-Volker has called the package ''ncpfs'' and derived the necessary
-information mainly from the book "Netzwerkprogrammierung in C" by
-Manfred Hill and Ralf Zessin (further details of the book are contained within
-the README file in the ''ncpfs'' package).
-
-
-The software causes Linux to emulate a normal Novell workstation for file
-services. It also includes a small print utility that allows you to print to
-Novell print queues (This is documented in the Print Client section later).
-The ''ncpfs'' package will work with Novell fileservers of version 3.x and
-later, it will not work the Novell 2.x. The ''ncpfs'' client will also work
-with close Novell compatible products, but unfortunately some products that
-claim to be compatible aren't compatible enough. To use ''ncpfs'' with Novell
-4.x fileservers, it is preferred to use the Novell server in ''bindery''
-emulation mode. The NDS support is a very recent early beta addition to
-''ncpfs'' and additionally its use may be prohibited in your country due to
-the inclusion of patented technology.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-!!9.1 Obtaining __''ncpfs''__.
-
-
-
-The latest ''ncpfs'' package was designed to be built against the version
-1.2.13 kernel or kernels later than 1.3.71 (this includes 2.x.x).
-If you not using a kernel in either of these categories then you will have
-to upgrade your kernel. The
-Kernel-HOWTO describes how to do this in
-detail.
-
-
-You can obtain the ''ncpfs'' package by anonymous ftp from
-Volker's home site at:
-ftp.gwdg.de
-or
-sunsite.unc.edu
-or mirror sites. The current version at the time of writing was:
-
-
-ncpfs-2..11.tgz or ncpfs-2.2..tgz which adds the NDS support.
-
-
-
-
-!!9.2 Building __''ncpfs''__ for kernel 1.2.13.
-
-
-
-
-
-; __Build a kernel with Ethernet and IPX support__:
-
-The first thing you
-need to do is ensure that your kernel has been built with IPX support enabled.
-In the 1.2.13 version kernel you need only ensure that you have
-answered Y to the question: 'The IPX protocol' as
-illustrated:
-
-...
-...
-Assume subnets are local (CONFIG_INET_SNARL) [[y]
-Disable NAGLE algorithm (normally enabled) (CONFIG_TCP_NAGLE_OFF) [[n]
-The IPX protocol (CONFIG_IPX) [[n] y
-*
-* SCSI support
-...
-...
-
-You will also need to ensure that you include an appropriate driver for your
-Ethernet card. If you do not know how to do this then you should read the
-Ethernet-HOWTO.
-
-
-You can then proceed to build your kernel. Make sure you remember to run
-''lilo'' to install it when you have finished.
-
-
-
-; __Untar the ''ncpfs'' software__:
-
-
-
-# cd /usr/src
-# tar xvfz ncpfs-2..11.tgz
-# cd ncpfs
-
-
-
-
-; __Check the Makefile__:
-
-If you intend to use ''kerneld'' to
-autoload the ''ncpfs'' kernel module then you must uncomment the
-line in the Makefile that refers to: KERNELD. If you
-are unsure what this means then you should read the
-Kernel-HOWTO to familiarise
-yourself with kernel module configuration.
-
-
-
-; __Make the ''ncpfs'' software__:
-
-The software should compile cleanly
-with no other configuration necessary:
-
-# make
-
-
-
-
-; __Copy the IPX tools somewhere useful if you don't already have them.__:
-
-After the ''make'' has completed you should find all of the tools
-you need in the ncpfs/bin directory. You can use:
-
-
-
-
-
-# make install
-
-
-
-
-to install the tools in Volkers choice of directories. If you are running
-on an ELF based system then you will need to rerun `ldconfig -v' to
-ensure that the shared library is able to be found.
-
-
-
-; __Copy the ''ncpfs.o'' module somewhere useful if necessary.__:
-
-If you are compiling for a 1.2.* kernel then you will find a file
-called ncpfs.o in the ncpfs/bin directory after the
-''make'' has completed. This is the ''ncpfs'' kernel module.
-You should copy this somewhere useful. On my ''debian'' system I have
-copied it to the /lib/modules/1.2.13/fs directory and added
-ncpfs to the /etc/modules file so that it will be
-automatically started at boot time. If you are using some other distribution
-you should find where it keeps its modules and copy it there, or just copy it
-to your /etc directory. To load the modules manually you need to use
-the command:
-
-# insmod ncpfs.o
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-!!9.3 Building __''ncpfs''__ for kernels 1.3.71++/2..*.
-
-
-
-For the latest version of ''ncpfs'' you must use kernel 1.3.71
-or newer, this includes the 2..* kernels.
-
-
-If you intend using a kernel that is version 1.3.71 or newer then the
-''ncpfs'' kernel code has been included in the standard kernel
-distribution. You need only answer Y to:
-
-
-Networking options --->
-...
-...
-<*> The IPX protocol
-...
-Filesystems --->
-...
-...
-<*> NCP filesystem support (to mount !NetWare volumes)
-...
-
-
-
-
-You will still need to follow the instructions for building for kernels
-1.2.* so that you can build the tools but there will not be a module
-file for you to install.
-
-
-
-
-!!9.4 Configuring and using __''ncpfs''__.
-
-
-
-
-
-; __Configure the IPX network software__:
-
-There are two ways of configuring
-the IPX network software. You can manually configure all of your IPX network
-information or you can choose to let the software determine for itself some
-reasonable settings using the command:
-
-
-
-
-
-# ipx_configure --auto_interface=on --auto_primary=on
-
-
-
-
-This should be reasonable in most circumstances, but if it doesn't work for
-you then read the 'IPX tools' section above to configure your software
-manually. Problems have been noted using this on networks containing
-Windows '95 clients.
-
-
-
-; __Test the configuration__:
-
-After your IPX network is configured you
-should be able to use the ''slist'' command to see a list of all of
-the Novell fileserver on your network:
-
-# slist
-
-If the slist command displays a message like:
-ncp_connect: Invalid argument then your kernel probably does not
-support IPX. Check that you have actually booted off the appropriate kernel.
-When you boot you should see messages about 'IPX' and 'ncpfs' in
-the system startup messages. If the ''slist'' command does not list all
-of your fileservers then you may need to use the manual network configuration
-method.
-
-
-
-; __Mount a Novell(tm) server or volume.__:
-
-If your IPX network software
-is working
-ok you should now be able to mount a Novell fileserver or volume into your
-Linux filesystem. The ''ncpmount'' command is used for this purpose
-and requires that you specify at least the following information:
-
-
-#The fileserver name
-#
-
-#(optionally) The fileserver directory to mount
-#
-
-#The fileserver login id. If it has a password you will also need that.
-#
-
-#The mount point ie. where you want the mount to go. This will be an
-existing directory on your machine.
-#
-
-
-
-There is an equivalent ''ncpumount'' command to unmount a mounted NCP
-filesystem. The NCP filesystems will be unmounted cleanly if you shutdown
-your machine normally, so you needn't worry about ''ncpumount''ing your
-filesystems manually before a ''halt'' or ''shutdown''.
-
-
-An example command to mount fileserver ACCT_FS01, with a login id of
-guest with no password, under the /mnt/Accounts directory
-might look like the following:
-
-# ncpmount -S ACCT_FS01 /mnt/Accounts -U guest -n
-
-Note the use of the -n option to indicate that no password is
-required for the login. The same login specifying a password of secret
-would look like:
-
-# ncpmount -S ACCT_FS01 /mnt/Accounts -U guest -P secret
-
-If you don't specify either the -n or the -P options you
-will be prompted for a password.
-
-
-
-; __Check the mount__:
-
-If the mount is successful you will find all the
-volumes accessible to the userid used for login listed as directories under
-the mount point. You should then also be able to traverse the directory
-structure to find other files. You may alternatively use the -V option
-to mount a single volume.
-
-
-NCP does not provide uid or gid ownership of files. All the files will have
-the permission and ownership assigned to the mount point directory restricted
-by trustee permissions on the Novell server. Bear this in mind when sharing
-mounts between Linux users.
-
-
-
-; __Configure mounts to be automatically performed.__:
-
-If you have some
-need to permanently have an ncp mount then you will want to configure the
-commands above into your ''rc'' files so that they occur automatically
-at boot time. If your distribution doesn't already provide some way of
-configuring IPX like debian then I recommend you place them in your
-/etc/rc.local file if you have one. You might use something like:
-
-
-#
-# Start the ncp filesystem
-/sbin/insmod /lib/modules/1.2.13/fs/ncpfs.o
-# configure the IPX network
-ipx_configure --auto_interface=on --auto_primary=on
-# guest login to the Accounting fileserver
-ncpmount -S ACCT_FS01 /mnt/Accounts -U guest -n
-#
-
-
-There is another means of configuring NCP mounts and that is by building
-a $HOME/.nwclient file. This file contains details of temporary
-or user specific NCP mounts that would be performed regularly. It allows
-you to store the details of mounts so that you can recreate them without
-having to specify all of the detail each time.
-
-
-Its format is quite straightforward:
-
-
-# The first entry is the 'preferred server' entry and is
-# used whenever you do not specify a server explicitly.
-#
-# User TERRY login to DOCS_FS01 fileserver with password 'password'
-DOCS_FS01/TERRY password
-#
-# Guest login to the ACCT_FS01 fileserver with no password.
-ACCT_FS01/GUEST -
-
-
-To activate these mounts you could use:
-
-
-$ ncpmount /home/terry/docs
-
-
-to mount: DOCS_FS01 with a login of TERRY under the /home/terry/docs
-directory. Note that this entry was chosen because no fileserver was
-specified in the mount command. If the following command were used:
-
-
-$ ncpmount -S ACCT_FS01 /home/terry/docs
-
-
-then a GUEST login to ACCT_FS01 would be mounted there instead.
-
-
-__Note:__ for this mechanism to work the permissions of the
-$HOME/.nwclient file must be 0600 so you would
-need to use the command:
-
-
-$ chmod 0600 $HOME/.nwclient
-
-
-If non-root users are to be allowed to use this mechanism then
-the ''ncpmount'' command must be Set Userid Root, so you
-would need to give it permissions:
-
-
-# chmod 4755 ncpmount
-
-
-
-
-
-; __Try out the ''nsend'' utility__:
-
-a utility to send messages
-to Novell users is also included in the package, it is called ''nsend''
-and is used as follows:
-
-# nsend rod hello there
-
-would send the message "hello there" to a logged in user "rod" on your
-"primary" fileserver (the first one appearing in your .nwclient
-file. You can specify another fileserver with the same syntax as for the
-''ncpmount'' command.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-----
-
-!!10. Configuring your Linux machine as an NCP server.
-
-
-There are two packages available that allow Linux to provide the functions of
-a Novell Fileserver. They both allow you to share files on your linux
-machine with users using Novell !NetWare client software. Users can attach and
-map filesystems to appear as local drives on their machines just as they would
-to a real Novell fileserver. You may want to try both to see which best
-serves your intended purpose.
-
-
-
-
-!!10.1 The __''mars_nwe''__ package.
-
-
-
-Martin Stover <mstover@freeway.de> developed ''mars_nwe''
-to enable linux to provide both file and print services for !NetWare clients.
-
-
-In case you are wondering about the name: ''mars_nwe'' is Martin Stovers
-Netware Emulator.
-
-
-
-
-!Capability of __''mars_nwe''__.
-
-
-''mars_nwe'' implements a subset of the full Novell NCP for file services,
-disk based bindery and also print services. It is likely to contain bugs but
-there are many people using it now and the number of bugs is steadily
-decreasing as new versions are released.
-
-
-
-
-!Obtaining __''mars_nwe''__.
-
-
-You can obtain ''mars_nwe'' from
-ftp.gwdg.de
-or from
-ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/filesystems/ncpfs/.
-
-
-The version current at the time of writing was: mars_nwe-.99.pl10.tgz.
-
-
-
-
-!Building the ''mars_nwe'' package.
-
-
-
-
-; __Build a kernel with Ethernet and IPX Support__:
-
-In the 1.2.13
-version kernel you need only ensure that you have answered Y to the
-question: 'The IPX protocol' and N to the question:
-`Full internal IPX network' as illustrated:
-
-...
-...
-The IPX protocol (CONFIG_IPX) [[n] y
-...
-...
-Full internal IPX network (CONFIG_IPX_INTERN) [[N/y/?] n
-...
-...
-
-In newer kernels a similar process is adopted but the actual text of the prompt
-may have changed slightly.
-
-
-You will also need to ensure that you include an appropriate driver for your
-Ethernet card. If you do not know how to do this then you should read the
-Ethernet-HOWTO.
-
-
-You can then proceed to build your kernel. Make sure you remember to run
-''lilo'' to install it when you have finished.
-
-
-
-; __Untar the ''mars_nwe'' package.__:
-
-
-
-
-# cd /usr/src
-# tar xvfz mars_nwe-.99.pl10.tgz
-
-
-
-
-
-; __Make ''mars_nwe''.__:
-
-To make the package is very simple.
-The first step is to simply run make, this will create a
-config.h file for you. Next you should look at and edit the
-config.h file if necessary. It allows you to configure items
-such as the installation directories that will be used and the maximum
-number of sessions and volumes that the server will support. The really
-important entries to look at are:
-
-FILENAME_NW_INI the location of the initialisation file
-PATHNAME_PROGS where the executable support programs will be found.
-PATHNAME_BINDERY where the 'bindery' files will go.
-PATHNAME_PIDFILES the directory for the 'pid' files to be written.
-MAX_CONNECTIONS the maximum number of simultaneous connections allowed.
-MAX_NW_VOLS the maximum number of volumes mars_nwe will support.
-MAX_FILE_HANDLES_CONN the maximum number of open files per connection.
-WITH_NAME_SPACE_CALLS if you want to support ncpfs clients.
-INTERNAL_RIP_SAP whether you want mars_nwe to provide rip/sap routing.
-SHADOW_PWD whether you use shadow passwords or not.
-
-
-
-The defaults will probably be ok but you should check anyway.
-
-
-When this is done:
-
-
-# make
-# make install
-
-
-
-
-will build the servers and install them in the appropriate directory. The
-installation script also installs the configuration file
-/etc/nwserv.conf.
-
-
-
-; __Configure the server.__:
-
-Configuration is fairly simple. You need to
-edit the /etc/nwserv.conf file. The format of this file may at first
-look a little cryptic, but it is fairly straightforward. The file contains a
-number of single line configuration items. Each line is whitespace delimited
-and begins with a number that indicates the contents of the line. All
-characters following a '#' character are considered a comment and
-ignored. Martin supplies an example configuration file in the package,
-but I'll present what I consider to be a simplified example to offer an
-alternative for you.
-
-
-
-
-
-# VOLUMES (max. 5)
-# Only the SYS volume is compulsory. The directory containing the SYS
-# volume must contain the directories: LOGIN, PUBLIC, SYSTEM, MAIL.
-# The 'i' option ignores case.
-# The 'k' option converts all filenames in NCP requests to lowercase.
-# The 'm' option marks the volume as removable (useful for cdroms etc.)
-# The 'r' option set the volume to read-only.
-# The 'o' option indicates the volume is a single mounted filesystem.
-# The 'P' option allows commands to be used as files.
-# The 'O' option allows use of the OS/2 namespace
-# The 'N' option allows use of the NFS namespace
-# The default is upper case.
-# Syntax:
-# 1 <Volumename> <Volumepath> <Options>
-1 SYS /home/netware/SYS/ # SYS
-1 DATA /home/netware/DATA/ k # DATA
-1 CDROM /cdrom kmr # CDROM
-# SERVER NAME
-# If not set then the linux hostname will be converted to upper case
-# and used. This is optional, the hostname will be used if this is not
-# configured.
-# Syntax:
-# 2 <Servername>
-2 LINUX_FS01
-# INTERNAL NETWORK ADDRESS
-# The Internal IPX Network Address is a feature that simplifies IPX routing
-# for multihomed hosts (hosts that have ports on more than one IPX network).
-# Syntax:
-# 3 <Internal Network Address> [[<Node Number>]
-# or:
-# 3 auto
-#
-# If you use 'auto' then your host IP address will be used. NOTE: this may
-# be dangerous, please be sure you pick a number unique to your network.
-# Addresses are 4byte hexadecimal (the leading 0x is required).
-3 0x49a01010 1
-# NETWORK DEVICE(S)
-# This entry configures your IPX network. If you already have your
-# IPX network configured then you do not need this. This is the same as
-# using ipx_configure/ipx_interface before you start the server.
-# Syntax:
-# 4 <IPX Network Number> <device_name> <frametype> [[<ticks>]
-# Frame types: ethernet_ii, 802.2, 802.3, SNAP
-4 0x39a01010 eth0 802.3 1
-# SAVE IPX ROUTES AFTER SERVER IS DOWNED
-# Syntax:
-# 5 <flag>
-# 0 = don't save routes, 1 = do save routes
-5
-# NETWARE VERSION
-# Syntax:
-# 6 <version>
-# 0 = 2.15, 1 = 3.11
-6 1
-# PASSWORD HANDLING
-# Real Novell DOS clients support a feature which encypts your
-# password when changing it. You can select whether you want your
-# mars server to support this feature or not.
-# Syntax
-# 7 <flag>
-# <flag> is:
-# 0 to force password encryption. (Clients can't change password)
-# 1 force password encryption, allow unencrypted password change.
-# 7 allow non-encrypted password but no empty passwords.
-# 8 allow non-encrypted password including empty passwords.
-# 9 completely unencrypted passwords (doesn't work with OS/2)
-7 1
-# MINIMAL GID UID rights
-# permissions used for attachments with no login. These permissions
-# will be used for the files in your primary server attachment.
-# Syntax:
-# 10 <gid>
-# 11 <uid>
-# <gid> <uid> are from /etc/passwd, /etc/groups
-10 200
-11 201
-# SUPERVISOR password
-# May be removed after the server is started once. The server will
-# encrypt this information into the bindery file after it is run.
-# You should avoid using the 'root' user and instead use another
-# account to administer the mars fileserver.
-#
-# This entry is read and encrypted into the server bindery files, so
-# it only needs to exist the first time you start the server to ensure
-# that the password isn't stolen.
-#
-# Syntax:
-# 12 <Supervisor-Login> <Unix username> [[<password>]
-12 SUPERVISOR terry secret
-# USER ACCOUNTS
-# This associates !NetWare logins with unix accounts. Password are
-# optional.
-# Syntax:
-13 <User Login> <Unix Username> [[<password>]
-13 MARTIN martin
-13 TERRY terry
-# LAZY SYSTEM ADMIN CONFIGURATION
-# If you have a large numbers of users and could not be bothered using
-# type 13 individual user mappings, you can automatically map mars_nwe
-# logins to linux user names. BUT, there is currently no means of making
-# use of the linux login password so all users configured this way are
-# will use the single password supplied
here. My recommendation is not
-# to do this unless security is absolutely no concern to you.
-# Syntax:
-# 15 <flag> <common-password>
-# <flag> is: 0 - don't automatically map users.
-# 1 - do automatically map users not configured above.
-# 99 - automatically map every user in this way.
-15 0 duzzenmatta
-# SANITY CHECKING
-# mars_nwe will automatically ensure that certain directories exist if
-# you set this flag.
-# Syntax:
-# 16 <flag>
-# <flag> is 0 for no, don't, or 1 for yes, do.
-16
-# PRINT QUEUES
-# This associates !NetWare printers with unix printers. The queue
-# directories must be created manually before printing is attempted.
-# The queue directories are NOT lpd queues.
-# Syntax:
-# 21 <queue_name> <queue_directory> <unix_print_cmd>
-21 EPSON SYS:/PRINT/EPSON lpr -h
-21 LASER SYS:/PRINT/LASER lpr -Plaser
-# DEBUG FLAGS
-# These are not normally needed, but may be useful if are you debugging
-# a problem.
-# Syntax:
-# <debug_item> <debug_flag>
-#
-# 100 = IPX KERNEL
-# 101 = NWSERV
-# 102 = NCPSERV
-# 103 = NWCONN
-# 104 = start NWCLIENT
-# 105 = NWBIND
-# 106 = NWROUTED
-# 0 = disable debug, 1 = enable debug
-100
-101
-102
-103
-104
-105
-106
-# RUN NWSERV IN BACKGROUND AND USE LOGFILE
-# Syntax:
-# 200 <flag>
-# 0 = run NWSERV in foreground and don't use logfile
-# 1 = run NWSERV in background and use logfile
-200 1
-# LOGFILE NAME
-# Syntax:
-# 201 <logfile>
-201 /tmp/nw.log
-# APPEND LOG OR OVERWRITE
-# Syntax:
-# 202 <flag>
-# 0 = append to existing logfile
-# 1 = overwrite existing logfile
-202 1
-# SERVER DOWN TIME
-# This item sets the time after a SERVER DOWN is issued that the
-# server really goes down.
-# Syntax:
-# 210 <time>
-# in seconds. (defaults 10)
-210 10
-# ROUTING BROADCAST INTERVAL
-# The time is seconds between server broadcasts
-# Syntax:
-# 211 <time>
-# in seconds. (defaults 60)
-211 60
-# ROUTING LOGGING INTERVAL
-# Set how many broadcasts take place before logging of routing
-# information occurs.
-# Syntax:
-# 300 <number>
-300 5
-# ROUTING LOGFILE
-# Set the name of the routing logfile
-# Syntax:
-# 301 <filename>
-301 /tmp/nw.routes
-# ROUTING APPEND/OVERWRITE
-# Set whether you want to append to an existing log file or
-# overwrite it.
-# Syntax:
-# 302 <flag>
-# <flag> is 0 for append, 1 for create/overwrite
-302 1
-# WATCHDOG TIMING
-# Set the timing for watchdog messages that ensure the network is
-# still alive.
-# Syntax:
-# 310 <value>
-# <value> = 0 - always send watchdogs
-# < 0 - (-ve) for disable watchdogs
-# > 0 - send watchdogs when network traffic
-# drops below 'n' ticks
-310 7
-# STATION FILE
-# Set the filename for the stations file which determine which
-# machines this fileserver will act as the primary fileserver for.
-# The syntax of this file is described in the 'examples' directory
-# of the source code.
-# Syntax:
-# 400 <filename>
-400 /etc/nwserv.stations
-# GET NEAREST FILESERVER HANDLING
-# Set how SAP Get Nearest Fileserver Requests are handled.
-# Syntax:
-# 401 <flag>
-# <flag> is: 0 - disable 'Get Nearest Fileserver' requests.
-# 1 - The 'stations' file lists stations to be excluded.
-# 2 - The 'stations' file lists stations to be included.
-401 2
-
-
-
-
-
-; __Start the server__:
-
-If you've configured the server to expect external
-programs to configure your network and/or provide the routing function then
-you should start those before starting the server. Presuming you have
-configured the server so that it will configure your interfaces for you and
-provide the routing services you need only issue the command:
-
-
-# nwserv
-
-
-
-
-
-; __Test the server__:
-
-To test the server you should first try to attach
-and login from a !NetWare client on your network. You then set a
-CAPTURE from the client and attempt a print. If both of these are
-successful then the server is working.
-
-
-
-
-
-!!10.2 The __''lwared''__ package.
-
-
-
-Ales Dryak <A.Dryak@sh.cvut.cz> developed ''lwared'' to allow
-Linux to function as an NCP based fileserver.
-
-
-Ales has called the package ''lwared'', an abbreviation for ''!LinWare
-Daemon''.
-
-
-
-
-!Capability of __''lwared''__.
-
-
-The ''lwared'' server is capable of providing a subset of the full
-function of the Novell NCP. It incorporates messaging but it does not provide
-any printing facilities at all. It does not currently work very well with
-either Windows95 or Windows NT clients. The ''lwared'' server relies
-on external programs to build and update the IPX routing and SAP tables.
-Misbehaving clients can cause the server to crash. Importantly, filename
-translation facilities have not been included.
-
-
-The server does work for NETX and VLM !NetWare shells.
-
-
-
-
-!Obtaining __''lwared''__
-
-
-The ''lwared'' package can be built for any kernel newer than
-1.2., I recommend you use version 1.2.13 as no kernel
-patches are required if you do. Some of the IPX functionality has changed
-with the version 1.3.* kernels and this means that patches are
-now required to make it work properly. Appropriate patches are included for
-the new kernels, so if you must use an alpha kernel you should still be able
-to get ''lwared'' to work properly for you.
-
-
-You can obtain the ''lwared'' package by anonymous ftp from:
-klokan.sh.cvut.cz
-
-or from:
-
-
-
-sunsite.unc.edu
-or mirror sites. The current version at the time of writing was:
-lwared-.95.tar.gz
-
-
-
-
-!Building __''lwared''__
-
-
-
-
-; __Untar the ''lwared''package__:
-
-Something like:
-
-# cd /usr/src
-# tar xvpfz lwared-.95.tar.gz
-
-
-
-
-; __Build a kernel with Ethernet and IPX support__:
-
-If you are using an alpha 1.3.* kernel then you should try and use
-kernel version 1.3.17 or newer because the supplied patches were built
-against it. 1.3.* kernels older than 1.3.17 will require
-hand patching to install. (''some information on how to do this is included
-in the INSTALL file in the package.''). To install the patches
-against a 1.3.17 kernel or newer you should try:
-
-# make patch
-
-
-
-After applying the patches if necessary, the next thing you need to do is
-ensure that your kernel has been built with IPX support enabled. In the
-1.2.13 version kernel you need only ensure that you have answered
-Y to the question: 'The IPX protocol' as
-illustrated:
-
-...
-...
-Assume subnets are local (CONFIG_INET_SNARL) [[y]
-Disable NAGLE algorithm (normally enabled) (CONFIG_TCP_NAGLE_OFF) [[n]
-The IPX protocol (CONFIG_IPX) [[n] y
-*
-* SCSI support
-...
-...
-
-In newer kernels a similar process is adopted by the actual text of the prompt
-may have changed slightly.
-
-
-You will also need to ensure that you include an appropriate driver for your
-Ethernet card. If you do not know how to do this then you should read the
-Ethernet-HOWTO.
-
-
-You can then proceed to build your kernel. Make sure you remember to run
-''lilo'' to install it when you have finished.
-
-
-
-; __Compile and install ''lwared''.__:
-
-To compile ''lwared'' you
-should first check, edit if necessary, the server/config.h file. This
-file contains various settings that will govern the way your server will
-behave when it is running. The defaults are reasonable, though you might want
-to check that the directories specified for the log files and configuration
-files suit your system.
-
-# make depend
-# make
-# make install
-
-I found that the 'make depend' complained about not finding the
-float.h file on my system but appeared to work anyway.
-I also found that when I tried compiling with gcc 2.6.3 I found
-I had to change the line:
-
-#include <net/route.h>
-
-to
-
-#include <net/if_route.h>
-
-in lib/ipxkern.c as this file changed name sometime.
-
-
-The 'make install' will attempt to install the server and routing
-daemon programs into your /usr/sbin directory, the ''lwpasswd''
-program into your /usr/bin directory, the IPX utility programs will
-be installed into your /sbin directory and last but not least the
-manual pages will go into the /usr/man directory structure. If any
-of these locations are not suitable for your system then you should edit
-the relevant Makefile and change the target directories to suit.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-!Configuring and using __''lwared''__
-
-
-Now the fun bit!
-
-
-
-
-; __Configuring the IPX network__:
-
-The first thing you must do is configure
-your Ethernet interfaces to support the IPX networks your server will support.
-To do this you will need to know the IPX network addresses for each of your
-LAN segments, which Ethernet device (eth0, eth1 etc.) is
-on which segment, what frame type (802.3, EtherII etc.) each
-LAN segment uses and what Internal Network address your server should use
-(this is really needed if your server will service more than one LAN segment).
-A configuration for a server that is on two dis-similar segments with IPX
-network addresses 23a91300 and 23a91301 and internal network
-address bdefaced might look like:
-
-# ipx_internal_net add BDEFACED 1
-# ipx_interface add eth0 802.3 23a91300
-# ipx_interface add eth1 etherii 23a91301
-
-
-
-
-; __Start the routing daemons__:
-
-The kernel software itself actually does
-the IPX packet forwarding as it does for IP, but the kernel requires additional
-programs to manage the routing table updates. In the case of IPX two daemons
-are needed and both are supplied with ''lwared'': ''ipxripd'' manages
-the IPX routing information and ''ipxsapd'' manages the SAP information.
-To start the daemons you need only specify the location of where they should
-write their log messages:
-
-# ipxripd /var/adm/ipxrip
-# ipxsapd /var/adm/ipxsap
-
-
-
-
-; __Configure the ''lwared'' server__:
-
-There are two files that you
-must manually configure to allow user login to your ''lwared'' server.
-They are:
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-; __/etc/lwpasswd__:
-
-This is where !LinWare user account
-information is kept. The ''lwpasswd'' program is to keep it up to date.
-In its simplest form the /etc/lwpasswd file looks like:
-
-ales:
-terryd:
-guest:
-
-Its format is a simple list of login id followed by a ':' character and then
-the encrypted version of the login passwd. A couple of important caveats here:
-No encrypted password means no password, !LinWare users must have Linux
-accounts, that is any user you place in /etc/lwpasswd must also
-appear in /etc/passwd and root is the only account that can
-change the password of another !LinWare user. If you are logged in as
-root you can change the password of a !LinWare user as this transcript
-demonstrates:
-
-# lwpasswd rodg
-Changing password for RODG
-Enter new password:
-Re-type new password:
-Password changed.
-
-; __/etc/lwvtab__:
-
-This is the !LinWare volume tables and it stores
-information about what directories should be made available to !LinWare users
-(this file is similar in nature to the NFS /etc/exports file). A
-simple example of its format is as follows:
-
-SYS /lwfs/sys
-DATA /lwfs/data
-HOME /home
-
-The format is simple: Volume name followed by whitespace followed by Linux
-directory to export. You must have at __least__ an entry for the
-SYS volume for the server to start. If you intend your DOS based
-users to be able use your !LinWare server as their primary server then you must
-install a standard SYS volume directory structure underneath the
-directory you export as your SYS volume. Since these files are
-proprietary and copyright to the Novell corporation you should have a license
-for these. If you users will be using a Novell fileserver as their primary
-server then this will not be necessary.
-
-
-
-
-; __Start the ''lwared'' server.__:
-
-tada!
-
-# lwared
-
-It is almost an anticlimax isn't it ? Ok so you've got a question, right?
-What is the fileserver name that is being advertised ? If you started the
-server as shown then the !LinWare server name being advertised will be
-based on what is returned by the Linux ''hostname''. If you'd like it
-to be something else then you can give the server the name when you start
-it, for example:
-
-# lwared -nlinux00
-
-would start the server with the name linux00.
-
-
-
-; __Test the ''lwared'' server.__:
-
-The very first thing to test is
-that your !LinWare server appears in an ''slist'' from a DOS client
-on your network. The ''slist'' program is stored on the SYS
-volume of a Novell fileserver so you must do this from a machine that is
-already logged in somewhere. If this is not successful then check that
-''ipxsapd'' and ''lwared'' are both running. If the ''slist''
-is successful then you should try attaching to the server and mapping
-a volume:
-
-C:> attach linux00/ales
-...
-...
-C:> map l:=linux00/data:
-C:> l:
-
-You should then be able to treat the new map just like any other map. The
-file permissions you will have will be based on those allowed to the
-''linux'' account that parallels your !LinWare login.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-----
-
-!!11. Configuring your Linux machine as a Novell Print Client.
-
-
-The ''ncpfs'' package includes two small programs that allow you to handle
-printing from you Linux machine to a printer attached to a Novell print server.
-The ''nprint'' command allows you to print to a file to a !NetWare print
-queue. The ''pqlist'' command allows you the list the available print
-queues on a !NetWare server.
-
-
-To obtain and install these commands just follow the instructions relating to
-the NCP client described earlier.
-
-
-Both commands require that you supply username and
-password so you might normally consider building some shell scripts to make
-the task of printing easier.
-
-
-An example might look like:
-
-
-# pqlist -S ACCT_FS01 -U guest -n
-# nprint -S ACCT_FS01 -q LASER -U guest -n filename.txt
-
-
-The login syntax is similar to the ''ncpmount'' command. The examples
-above assume that fileserver ACCT_FS01 has a guest account
-with no password, that a print queue called LASER exists and that
-guest is allowed to print to it.
-
-
-On my Linux boxen I have a short shell script for each Novell printer. This
-can then be used as a print filter to allow printing using the standard
-Linux spooler.
-
-
-
-----
-
-!!12. Configuring your Linux machine as a Novell Print Server.
-
-
-A program to allow your Linux machine to act as a print server on a Netware
-network is included in the ''ncpfs'' package. For instructions on how to
-obtain and build, it follow the directions in the `Netware client' section
-above. Alternatively, support is included in the ''mars_nwe'' package.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-!!12.1 Prerequisites
-
-
-
-Configuration is quite straightforward but relies on you already having your
-printer configuration completed and working under Linux. This is covered in
-the
-Printing-HOWTO in some depth.
-
-
-
-
-!!12.2 Configuration
-
-
-
-When you have a working printer configuration, and you have built and
-installed the ''pserver'' utility then you need to add commands to start it
-into your rc files.
-
-
-Exactly what command will use will depend on depend on exactly how you want
-it to operate, but in its simplest form something like the following will
-work:
-
-
-
-
-
-# pserver -S ACCT_01 -U LASER -P secret -q LASERJET
-
-
-
-
-This example asks the ''pserver'' utility to login in to the ACCT_01
-fileserver with username LASER and password secret and to take
-jobs from the LASERJET print queue. When an incoming print job is received
-it will use the default print command of ''lpr'' to feed the print job to the
-Linux print daemon. The print queue must already be defined on the fileserver
-and the username must have server priveliges for the queue.
-
-
-You could if you wished use any Linux command to accept and print the
-print job. The -c argument allows you to specify the exact print command.
-For example:
-
-
-# pserver -S ACCT_01 -U LASER -P secret -q LASERJET -c "lpr -Plaserjet"
-
-
-would do exactly the same as the previous example except it would send the
-job to the laserjet ''printcap'' configuration instead of the default
-one.
-
-
-
-----
-
-!!13. An overview of the ''ncpfs'' user and adminstration commands
-
-
-Recent versions of Volker's ''ncpfs'' package include a range of user and
-administration commands that you might want to use. The tools are built and
-installed as part of the ''ncpfs'' installation process, so if you haven't
-already, follow the instructions supplied in the Novell Client section above
-to build and install them.
-
-
-Detailed information is available in the supplied ''man'' pages but a brief
-summary of the commands is as follows;
-
-
-
-
-!!13.1 User commands.
-
-
-
-
-
-; __ncopy__:
-
-Network Copy - allows efficient file copies to be performed by
-using a Netware function rather than a copy across the network.
-; __nprint__:
-
-Network Print - allows you to print a file to a Netware print
-queue on a Netware server.
-; __nsend__:
-
-Network Send - allows you to send messages to other users on a
-Netware server.
-; __nwbols__:
-
-List Bindery Objects - allows you to list the bindery
-contents of a Netware server.
-; __nwboprops__:
-
-List Properties of a Bindery Object - allows you to the
-properties of a Netware bindery object.
-; __nwbpset__:
-
-Set Bindery Property - allows you to set the properties of a
-Netware bindery object.
-; __nwbpvalues__:
-
-Print Netware Bindery Objects Property Contents - allows you
-to print the contents of a Netware bindery property.
-; __nwfsinfo__:
-
-Fileserver Information - prints some summary information about
-a Netware server.
-; __nwpasswd__:
-
-Netware Password - allows you to change a Netware users password.
-; __nwrights__:
-
-Netware Rights - displays the rights associated with a particular
-file or directory.
-; __nwuserlist__:
-
-Userlist - lists the users currently logged into a Netware
-fileserver.
-; __pqlist__:
-
-Print Queue List - displays the contents of a Netware print queue.
-; __slist__:
-
-Server List - displays a list of know Netware fileserver.
-
-
-
-
-
-!!13.2 Administration tools.
-
-
-
-
-
-; __nwbocreate__:
-
-Create a Bindery Object - allows you to create a Netware
-bindery object.
-; __nwborm__:
-
-Remove Bindery Object - allows you to delete a Netware bindery
-object.
-; __nwbpadd__:
-
-Add Bindery Property - allows you to set the value of an existing
-property of a Netware bindery object.
-; __nwbpcreate__:
-
-Create Bindery Property - allows you to create a new property
-for an existing Netware bindery object.
-; __nwbprm__:
-
-Remove Bindery Property - allows you to remove a property from
-a Netware bindery object.
-; __nwgrant__:
-
-Grant Trustee Rights - allows you to assign trustee rights to a
-directory on a Netware fileserver.
-; __nwrevoke__:
-
-Revoke Trustee Rights - allows you to remove trustee rights from
-a directory on a Netware fileserver.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-----
-
-!!14. Configuring PPP for IPX support.
-
-
-New versions of the ''pppd'' PPP daemon for Linux have support that
-allows you to carry IPX packets across a PPP serial link. You need at least
-version ppp-2.2.0d of the daemon. See the
-PPP-HOWTO
-for details on where to find it. When you compile ''pppd'' you must
-ensure you enable the IPX support by adding the following two lines:
-
-
-
-
-
-IPX_CHANGE = 1
-USE_MS_DNS = 1
-
-
-
-
-to: /usr/src/linux/pppd-2.2.0f/pppd/Makefile.linux.
-
-
-The IPX_CHANGE is what configures the IPX support into PPP.
-The USE_MS_DNS define allows Microsoft Windows95 machines to do
-Name Lookups.
-
-
-The real trick to getting it to work in knowing how to configure it.
-
-
-There are many ways of doing this, but I'm only going to describe the two that
-I've received any information on. I've tried neither yet, so consider this
-section experimental, and if you get something to work, please let me know.
-
-
-
-
-!!14.1 Configuring an IPX/PPP server.
-
-
-
-The first thing you need to do is configure your Linux machine as an IP/PPP
-server. Don't panic! This isn't difficult. Again, follow the instructions in
-the
-PPP-HOWTO and you should be pretty
-much ok. When you have this done there are a couple of simple modifications
-you need to make to get IPX working over the same configuration.
-
-
-
-
-!First steps.
-
-
-One of the first steps you must take is to configure your linux machine as an
-IPX router as described in the appropriate section earlier in this document.
-You won't need to use the ''ipx_route'' command for the ppp interface
-because ''pppd'' will configure these for you as it does for IP. When you
-have the ''ipxd'' daemon running it will automatically detect any new IPX
-interfaces and propogates routes for them. In this way your dialup hosts will
-be seen by other machines automatically when they connect.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-!Design.
-
-
-When you are running as a server it will normally be your responsibility
-to assign network address to each of the PPP links when they are established.
-This is an important point, each PPP link will be an IPX network and will have
-a unique IPX network address. This means that you must decide how you will
-allocate addresses and what what they will be. A simple convention is to
-allocate one IPX network address to each serial device that will support
-IPX/PPP. You could allocate IPX network addresses based on the login id
-of the connecting user, but I don't see any particularly good reason to do
-so.
-
-
-I will assume that this is what you have done, and that there are two serial
-devices (modems) that we will use. The addresses I've assigned in this
-contrived example are:
-
-
-
-
-
-device IPX Network Address
------- -------------------
-ttyS0 0xABCDEF00
-ttyS1 0xABCDEF01
-
-
-
-
-
-
-!Configure ''pppd''.
-
-
-Configure your /etc/ppp/options.ttyS0 file as follows:
-
-
-
-
-
-ipx-network 0xABCDEF00
-ipx-node 2:
-ipxcp-accept-remote
-
-
-
-
-and your /etc/ppp/options.ttyS1 file as:
-
-
-
-
-
-ipx-network 0xABCDEF01
-ipx-node 3:
-ipxcp-accept-remote
-
-
-
-
-These will ask ''pppd'' to allocate the appropriate IPX network addresses
-to the link when the link is established, set the local node number to
-2 or 3 and will let the remote node overwrite what the
-remote node number with what it thinks it is. Note that each of the addresses
-are hexadecimal numbers and that 0x is required at the start of the
-network address, but not required at the start of the node address.
-
-
-There are other places this information could be configured. If you have only
-one dialin modem then an entry could go into the /etc/ppp/options
-file. Alternatively this information can be passed on the command line to
-''pppd''.
-
-
-
-
-!Test the server configuration.
-
-
-To test the configuration you will need to have a client configuration that
-is known to work. When the caller dials in, logs in and ''pppd'' starts
-it will assign the network address, advise the client of the servers node
-number and negotiate the clients node number. When this has completed, and
-after ''ipxd'' has detected the new interface the client should be able
-to establish IPX connections to remote hosts.
-
-
-
-
-!!14.2 Configuring an IPX/PPP client.
-
-
-
-In a client configuration, whether or not you configure your Linux machine
-as an IPX router depends on whether you have a local LAN that you wish to
-act as an IPX router for. If you are a standalone machine connecting to an
-IPX/PPP dialin server then you won't need to run ''ipxd'', but if you
-have a LAN and wish all of the machines on the LAN to make use of the
-IPX/PPP route then you must configure and run ''ipxd'' as described.
-This configuration is much simpler because you do not have multiple serial
-devices to configure.
-
-
-
-
-!Configuring ''pppd''
-
-
-The simplest configuration is one that allows the server to supply all of
-the IPX network configuration information. This configuration would be
-compatible with the server configuration described above.
-
-
-Again you need to add some options to your /etc/ppp/options file,
-they are:
-
-
-ipxcp-accept-network
-ipxcp-accept-remote
-ipxcp-accept-local
-
-
-
-
-These options tell ''pppd'' to act completely passively and accept
-all of the configuration details from the server. You could supply default
-values here for servers that don't supply details by adding
-ipx-network and ipx-node entries similar to the server
-configuration.
-
-
-
-
-!Testing the IPX/PPP client.
-
-
-To test the client you will need a known working server to dial into. After
-you have dialled in and pppd has run you should see the IPX details configured
-on your ppp0 device when you run the ''ifconfig'' command and
-you should be able to use ''ncpmount''.
-
-
-I'm not sure whether you will have to manually add IPX routes so that you
-can reach distant fileserver or not. This seems likely. If anyone running
-this configuration could tell me I'd be grateful.
-
-
-
-----
-
-!!15. IPX tunnel over IP
-
-
-Many of you will be in a situation where you have two Novell Local Area Netorks
-with only an IP connection between them. How do you play multiplayer deathmatch
-DOOM for DOS via this arrangement you might ask ? Andreas Godzina
-<ag@agsc.han.de> has an answer for you in the form of
-''ipxtunnel''.
-
-
-''ipxtunnel'' provides a bridge-like facility for IPX by allowing
-IPX packets to be encapsulated with tcp/ip datagrams so that they can
-be carried by a tcp/ip connection. It listens for IPX packets and when it
-hears one it wraps it within a tcp/ip datagram and routes it to a remote
-IP address that you specify. For this to work of course the machine that
-you route the encapsulated IPX must also be running a copy of the same
-version of ''ipxtunnel'' as you.
-
-
-
-
-!!15.1 Obtaining ''ipxtunnel''
-
-
-
-You can obtain ''ipxtunnel'' from
-sunsite.unc.edu
-or mirror sites.
-
-
-
-
-!!15.2 Building ''ipxtunnel''
-
-
-
-''ipxtunnel'' built cleanly for me using the following commands:
-
-
-# cd /usr/src
-# tar xvfz .../ipxtunnel.tgz
-# cd ipxtunnel
-# make
-
-
-
-
-
-
-!!15.3 Configuring ''ipxtunnel''
-
-
-
-Configuration for ''ipxtunnel'' is easy. Lets say that your friends
-machine is gau.somewhere.com and your machine is called
-gim.sw.edu. ''ipxtunnel'' uses a configuration file called
-/etc/ipxtunnel.conf. This file allows you to specify the default UDP
-port to use for the tcp/ip connection, where to send the encapsulated data
-and which of your local interfaces ''ipxtunnel'' should listen on
-and deliver IPX packets to.
-
-
-A simple configuration file would look like the following:
-
-
-#
-# /etc/ipxtunnel.conf for gim.sw.edu
-#
-# The UDP port to use: (default 7666)
-port 7777
-#
-# The remote machine to send IPX packets to: (no default)
-remote gau.somewhere.com
-#
-# The local interfaces to listen for IPX on: (default eth0)
-interface eth0
-interface eth1
-
-
-Obviously the other machine would have a similar configuration file specifying
-this machine as a remote host.
-
-
-
-
-!!15.4 Testing and using ''ipxtunnel''
-
-
-
-''ipxtunnel'' acts __like__ an IPX bridge, so the IPX networks
-at either end of the link should probably be the same. Andreas has never
-tested the ''ipxtunnel'' in an environment that actually supports
-Novell file servers so if you do try this in a real environment let Andreas
-know if it works or not.
-
-
-If the ''ipxtunnel'' is working you should be able to start your
-DOOM machines up at each end of the link running IPX mode and they should
-see each other.
-
-
-Andreas has only used this code over good high speed lines and he makes no
-claim as to its performance when your link is low speed. Again, let him
-know what works for you and what doesn't.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-----
-
-!!16. Commercial IPX support for Linux.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-!!16.1 Caldera'a Network Desktop
-
-
-
-Caldera Inc., produce a Linux distribution that features a range of
-commercially supported enhancements including fully functional Novell !NetWare
-client support. The base distribution is the well respected Red Hat Linux
-Distribution and Caldera have added their "Network Desktop" products to this.
-The !NetWare support provides a fully featured Novell !NetWare client built on
-technology licensed from Novell Corporation. The client provides full client
-access to Novell 3.x and 4.x fileservers and includes features such as !NetWare
-Directory Service (NDS) and RSA encryption.
-
-
-You can obtain much more information and ordering details from the:
-Caldera Inc Web Server.
-
-
-If you work within a Netware 4.x and/or NDS environment then the Caldera
-Netware Client is the only solution available.
-
-
-If you have a business critical application for Novell support for Linux
-then the Caldera product should be something you take a close look at.
-
-
-
-----
-
-!!17. Some Frequently Asked Questions
-
-
-
-
-; __Where can I find commercially supported IPX software for Linux ?__:
-
-The Caldera Corporation offers a fully licensed and fully supported
-Netware 3.x and 4.x client. You can obtain information about it from the
-Caldera Inc Web Server.
-
-
-
-; __Does the IPX software work with Arcnet/Token Ring/etc. ?__:
-
-The Linux IPX software does work with !ArcNet and Token Ring interfaces.
-I haven't heard of anyone trying it with AX.25 yet. Configuration is the same
-as for configuring for ethernet except you will have to substitute appropriate
-device names in place of 'eth0' and appopriate hardware addresses where
-necessary.
-
-
-
-; __How do I configure more than one IPX interface ?__:
-
-If you have more than one interface in your machine you should use the
-''ipx_interface'' command to manually configure each one, you should not
-use the `plug n play' configuration.
-
-
-
-; __How do I choose IPX addresses ?__:
-
-IPX networking is similar, but not identical to, IP networking. A major
-difference is the way that addresses are used. IPX does not use the concept
-of subnetworking and so the sort of associations that you have between network
-addresses and networks is different. The rules are fairly simple:
-
-
-*Every IPX network address must be unique on a wide area network. This
-includes Internal Network Addresses. Many organisations using IPX over a wide
-area network will have some sort of addressing standard that you should follow.
-*
-
-*Every Host address on an individual network must be unique. This means
-that every host on each IPX network must have a uniquely assigned address. In
-the case of ethernet network this isn't difficult as the cards each have a
-unique address. In the case of IPX/PPP this means you must ensure that you
-allocate unique addresses to all hosts on the network, irrespective of which
-end of the link(s) they are connected. Host address do not need to be unique
-across a wide area network as the network address is used in combination with
-the host address to uniquely identify a host.
-*
-
-
-
-
-; __What are frame types, which should I use ?__:
-
-There are a variety of frame types in use over which you can run IPX.
-The most common of these are described in the 'common terms' section of this
-document (under the `Frame Type entry').
-
-
-If you are installing your machine on an existing network then you must use
-whatever is already in use to allow you to interwork with the other hosts on
-the network, but if the installation is a brand new network you can use any
-of a range of protocols to carry your IPX traffic. My recommendation if you
-are configuring a brand new network and you need to carry both IPX and IP
-traffic is to use the Ethernet_II frame type.
-
-
-
-; __My Windows95 machines mess up my frame type autodetection ?__:
-
-Apparently they can, yeah. I could make nasty comments, but instead
-I'll just suggest that you use the manual frame type configuration instead
-of the automatic one. It is probably the better way anyway.
-
-
-
-; __Why do I get the message `invalid argument' when I configure IPX ?__:
-
-You are probably not running a kernel that supports IPX, either recompile
-your kernel so it does, or double check that you have actually used lilo to
-install and run the new kernel.
-
-
-
-; __Why do I get the message `package not installed' when I configure IPX ?__:
-
-You are probably not running a kernel that supports IPX, either recompile
-your kernel so it does, or double check that you have actually used lilo to
-install and run the new kernel.
-
-
-
-; __Why do I get the message `IPX support not in kernel' from ''pppd'' ?__:
-
-You've probably compiled IPX as a module and not ensured that it was
-loaded before started ''pppd''.
-
-
-
-; __How do I NFS export a mounted NCP filesystem ?__:
-
-To use NFS to export an NCP filesystem you must mount it using the
-''ncpmount'' -V option. This option allows you to mount only
-one volume of a fileserver instead of the usual mounting of all of them.
-When you do this your NFS daemon will allow you to export that filesystem in
-the usual way.
-
-
-
-; __Why doesn't slist work when I have an internel network with mars_nwe ?__:
-
-You must have the get nearest server enabled. That is, entry 401 in
-/etc/nwserv.conf should be 0 unless you have a reason for not responding
-to get nearest servers. If you just want slist to work and not respond to
-every get nearest server request, include your internal network and node
-number in /etc/nwserv.stations and set entry 401 in /etc/nwserv.conf to 2.
-
-
-
-; __Does ncpfs package work with mars_nwe ?__:
-
-Martin and Volker's code is slowly beginning to converge. Recent versions
-of ''mars_nwe'' have an option to enable it to work with ''ncpfs''.
-You must enable the WITH_NAME_SPACE_CALLS in the ''mars_nwe''
-config.h file.
-
-
-
-; __Is there any free DOS software to work with mars_nwe ?__:
-
-A contrived question deserves a contrived answer. I'm glad you asked,
-Martin has a package that he distributes alongside his ''mars_nwe''
-package that offers free DOS client support for the ''mars_nwe'' server.
-You can find it at the same sites as the server, and it will be called
-mars_dosutils-.01.tgz. It includes C source code for programs such
-as ''slist.exe'', ''login.exe'', ''map.exe'' etc. The source
-is compilable with Borland(tm) C.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-----
-
-!!18. Copyright Message.
-
-
-The IPX-HOWTO, a guide to software supporting the IPX protocol for Linux.
-Copyright (c) 1995 Terry Dawson.
-
-
-This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
-Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later
-version.
-
-
-This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
-ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS
-FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
-
-
-You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
-this program; if not, write to the:
-
-
-Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
-
-
-
-----
-
-!!19. Miscellaneous and Acknowledgements.
-
-
-Terry Dawson <terry@perf.no.itg.telstra.com.au> for the original
-document
-
-
-David E. Storey <dave@tamos.gmu.edu> and
-Volker Lendecke <lendecke@namu01.gwdg.de>
-both assisted greatly by supplying me with information for this document.
-Gilbert Callaghan <gilbert@pokey.inviso.com>,
-David Higgins <dave@infra.com> and
-Chad Robinson <chadr@brtgate.brttech.com> each contributed
-information on configuring IPX/PPP.
-Bennie Venter <bjv@Gil-galad.paradigm-sa.com> contributed some useful
-information relating to frame types.
-Christopher Wall <vergil@idir.net contributed some useful suggestions
-to improve the readability and layout of the document.
-Axel Boldt <boldt@math.ucsb.edu> contributed some useful suggestions
-and feedback.
-Erik D. Olson <eriko@wrq.com> provided some useful feedback and
-information on configuring PPP for IPX.
-Brian King <root@brian.library.dal.ca> contributed a question for the
-FAQ section.
-
-
-"!NetWare" is a registered trademark of the
-Novell Corporation.
-"Caldera" is a registered trademark of the
-Caldera Corporation.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-regards
-Kevin Thorpe.
-
-
-<kevin@pricetrak.com>
-
-
-
-----
+Describe
[HowToIPXHOWTO
] here.
