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-
-
-
-The Linux Danish/International HOWTO
-
-
-
-----
-
-!!!The Linux Danish/International HOWTO
-
-!!Niels Kristian Bech Jensen nkbj@sslug.dkv2.6, 9 March 2000
-
-
-----
-''
-
-
-This document describes how to configure Linux and various Linux
-applications for Danish locale standards such as keyboard, font, paper-size etc. It is hoped that Linux users from other places in
-Western Europe will find this document useful too.''
-----
-
-
-
-
-!!1. Introduction
-
-
-
-
-!!2. Keyboard setup
-
-
-*2.1 Loading a keytable
-
-*2.2 Getting the !AltGr key to work under X11
-
-*2.3 Dead keys and accented characters
-
-*2.4 Making $ (the dollar sign), oslash (oslash) and Oslash (Oslash) work
-
-
-
-
-
-!!3. Display and application setup
-
-
-*3.1 Loading the ISO-8859-1 font on the console
-
-*3.2 The Euro symbol
-
-*3.3 Characters you can display under Linux
-
-*3.4 International character sets in specific applications
-
-
-
-
-
-!!4. Miscellaneous problems
-
-
-*4.1 Time zone
-
-*4.2 A4 papersize
-
-*4.3 Text file formats for other platforms
-
-
-
-
-
-!!5. Locale support in libc 5.4.x and higher
-
-
-
-
-!!6. Programming tips for X11
-
-
-
-
-!!7. Getting X11 applications to speak Danish
-
-
-
-
-!!8. Information resources
-
-
-*8.1 Other documents of relevance
-
-*8.2 FTP and Web sites
-
-
-
-
-
-!!9. Credits and legal stuff
-
-
-*9.1 Legal stuff
-
-----
-
-!!1. Introduction
-
-
-All European users of almost any operating system have two problems:
-The first is to tell the computer that you have a non-American keyboard,
-and the second is to get the computer to display the special
-characters. To make matters worse some applications will also consider you
-an exception if you are not an American and require special options or the
-setting of environment variables.
-
-
-Under Linux you change the way your computer interprets the
-keyboard with the commands loadkeys and xmodmap. loadkeys
-will modify the keyboard for plain Linux while xmodmap makes the
-modifications necessary when the handshaking between X11 and Linux is
-imperfect.
-
-
-To display the characters you need to tell your applications that you
-use the ISO-8859-1 (a.k.a. Latin-1) international set of glyphs. This is
-not always necessary, but a number of key applications need special
-attention.
-
-
-This HOWTO is intended to tell Danish users how to do this. If
-you continue to have problems after reading this you can try the
-German HOWTO, the Linux Keyboard and Console HOWTO or the ISO 8859-1 National
-Character Set FAQ. Many of the hints contained herein are cribbed from
-there. See section
-Other documents of relevance for
-pointers to these documents. You should also send me a mail describing your
-problems.
-
-
-A final problem is that error-messages, menus and documentation of the
-applications are mostly in English. There is a GNU project under way to
-address this problem. You can see what it is all about by downloading
-the file ABOUT-NLS or the package gettext-.10.tar.gz (or any
-later version) from your favourite mirror of the GNU archive. This
-project needs volunteers for the translations. Send a mail to
-da-request@li.org with the body ``subscribe'' if you want to contribute
-to the Danish part of the project. The documentation in the gettext
-package describes how to use such translations in your own programs.
-
-
-
-----
-
-!!2. Keyboard setup
-
-!! 2.1 Loading a keytable
-
-
-
-You have two tools for configuring your keyboard. Under plain
-Linux you have loadkeys and under X11 you have xmodmap.
-
-
-To try out loadkeys type one of these two commands:
-
-loadkeys /usr/lib/kbd/keytables/dk.map
-
-or
-
-loadkeys /usr/lib/kbd/keytables/dk-latin1.map
-
-
-
-The difference between the two keymaps is that dk-latin1.map
-enables `dead' keys while dk.map does not. Dead keys are explained
-in section
-Dead keys and accented characters. The
-program loadkeys and the keymaps are part of the package
-kbd-.??.tar.gz which (with differing version numbers ??) is available
-with all Linux distributions.
-
-
-Usually loadkeys is executed at boot-time from one of the scripts
-under the directory /etc/rc.d/. Details vary between distributions.
-
-
-(Note for non-Danish readers: Support for other languages is enabled
-in a similar manner. Use es.map for Spanish keyboards etc.)
-
-
-Versions of XFree86 up to and including v3.1.2 will normally follow the
-keymap used by plain Linux, but you can modify keyboard behavior under X11
-with xmodmap. Usually the X11 initialization process will run this
-command automatically if you have a file called .Xmodmap in your
-home directory.
-
-
-In XFree86 v3.2 and higher you should have the following Keyboard
-section in your /etc/XF86Config (or /etc/X11/XF86Config) file
-(it should be made automatically by the program XF86Setup if you choose
-a Danish keytable):
-
-Section "Keyboard"
-Protocol "Standard"
-!XkbRules "xfree86"
-!XkbModel "pc101"
-!XkbLayout "dk"
-!XkbVariant "nodeadkeys"
-!EndSection
-
-
-
-The only keyboard variant available at the moment is "nodeadkeys", but
-dead keys can still be made to work. See section
-Dead keys and accented characters for more information on this.
-
-
-
-
-!!2.2 Getting the !AltGr key to work under X11
-
-
-
-For versions of XFree86 up to and including v3.1.2 you should edit the file
-/etc/XF86Config (or /etc/X11/XF86Config) and make sure the
-line
-
-!RightAlt !ModeShift
-
-appears in the Keyboard section. Usually you can do this by
-uncommenting the appropriate line. In XFree86 v3.1.2 you can use
-!AltGr as an alias for !RightAlt.
-
-
-The !AltGr key should work as expected in XFree86 v3.2 and higher if you
-choose Danish keyboard support.
-
-
-
-
-!Making {,
[[,
] and } work under Metro-X
-
-
-You can't input the characters ``{'' (<!AltGr><7>),
-``[['' (<!AltGr><8>), ``]''
-(<!AltGr><9>) and ``}'' (<!AltGr><>)
-under the Metro-X server. This bug has been observed under versions 3.1.5
-and 3.1.8 of the server.
-
-
-To correct this bug you have to edit the file
-/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/xkb/symbols/dk and change the lines
-
-key <AE07> { [[ 7, slash ] };
-key <AE08> { [[ 8, parenleft ] };
-key <AE09> { [[ 9, parenright ] };
-key <AE10> { [[ , equal ] };
-
-to
-
-key <AE07> { [[ 7, slash ],
-[[ braceleft, !NoSymbol ] };
-key <AE08> { [[ 8, parenleft ],
-[[ bracketleft, !NoSymbol ] };
-key <AE09> { [[ 9, parenright ],
-[[ bracketright, !NoSymbol ] };
-key <AE10> { [[ , equal ],
-[[ braceright, !NoSymbol ] };
-
-
-
-
-
-!! 2.3 Dead keys and accented characters
-
-
-
-Dead keys are those that do not type anything until you hit another
-key. Tildes and umlauts are like this by default under plain Linux if
-you use the dk-latin1.map keymap. This is the default
-behaviour for these keys under Microsoft Windows as well.
-
-
-
-
-!Removing dead key functionality
-
-
-
-
-
-*Removing dead key functionality under plain Linux and XFree86 v3.1.2
-Under plain Linux type
-
-loadkeys dk.map
-
-
-*
-
-*Removing dead key functionality under XFree86 v3.2 and higher
-Put the following line in the Keyboard section of your
-/etc/XF86Config (or /etc/X11/XF86Config) file:
-
-!XkbVariant "nodeadkeys"
-
-
-*
-
-
-
-
-
-!Invoking dead key functionality
-
-
-
-
-
-*Invoking dead key functionality under plain Linux
-Under plain Linux type
-
-loadkeys dk-latin1.map
-
-
-*
-
-*Invoking dead key functionality under X11R6 sessions
-First you must make sure you are running XFree86 v3.1.2 or
-higher. Download and install everything related to the newest release if
-you have a lower version number. Neither compose nor dead keys will work in
-X11R6 applications unless these are compiled with support for accented
-(8-bit) character input. An example of such an application is
-GNU emacs version 19.30 (or higher.)
-Some X11 applications still do not support this input method. Eventually
-this situation might improve, but until that happens you can either hack your
-applications or submit polite bug reports to the program authors. The latter
-approach is often the most efficient. See section
-Programming tips for X11 for some advice on what needs to be done.
-Next you will have to map a key to Multi_key (Compose.) The
-Scroll Lock key is most likely already mapped as such if you use
-XFree86 v3.1.2 (you can verify this with the program xev,) and it is
-easy to map the right Control key by uncommenting the appropriate line
-in the Keyboard section of the XFree86 configuration file (often
-/etc/XF86Config or /etc/X11/XF86Config.) If you wish to use
-some other key, or if you are using XFree86 v3.2 or higher and want to change
-the default, you should put something like
-
-keycode 78 = Multi_key
-
-in your ~/.Xmodmap file. The statement in the example defines
-Scroll Lock as the Compose key. The default Compose key in
-XFree86 v3.2 and higher is <Shift><!AltGr>.
-XFree86 v3.2 and higher comes without support for the dead keys on the standard
-Danish keyboard. To get this support you have to change a few lines in the
-xkb_symbols "basic" section of the file
-/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/xkb/symbols/dk. The lines
-
-key <AE12> { [[ acute, grave ],
-[[ bar, dead_ogonek ] };
-key <AD12> { [[ diaeresis, asciicircum ],
-[[ asciitilde, dead_macron ] };
-
-should be changed to
-
-key <AE12> { [[ dead_acute, dead_grave ],
-[[ bar, dead_ogonek ] };
-key <AD12> { [[ dead_diaeresis, dead_circumflex ],
-[[ dead_tilde, dead_macron ] };
-
-After these changes you can get support for dead keys by removing the line
-
-!XkbVariant "nodeadkeys"
-
-from the Keyboard section of your /etc/XF86Config (or
-/etc/X11/XF86Config) file.
-(Note for non-Danish readers: There are files for many local keyboard maps in
-/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/xkb/symbols.)
-The available keystroke combinations are listed in
-/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/locale/iso8859-1/Compose. There are some
-bugs in that file you will want to fix:
-
-
-**The line reading
-
-<dead_tilde> <space> : "~" tilde
-
-should be changed to
-
-<dead_tilde> <space> : "~" asciitilde
-
-
-**
-
-**In several places asciicircum is misspelled as asciicirum
-**
-
-Finally make sure your shells and/or applications are set up for
-ISO-8859-1 compatibility as described in section
-International character sets in specific applications and you should
-be all set.
-*
-
-
-
-
-
-!!2.4 Making $ (the dollar sign), oslash (oslash) and Oslash (Oslash) work
-
-
-!$ (the dollar sign)
-
-
-There is a bug in the Danish keymaps causing the dollar sign to be accessed
-with <Shift><4> instead of <!AltGr><4>
-by default. If this is a problem for you, determine what keymap you load at
-boot-time. You can find it by looking around in the directory
-/etc/rc.d/ or simply by paying attention to what happens at boot-time.
-On my computer the relevant keymap is called
-/usr/lib/kbd/keytables/dk-latin1.map. You can fix the problem by
-changing the line
-
-keycode 5 = four dollar dollar
-
-in the keymap file to
-
-keycode 5 = four currency dollar
-
-and then (re-)loading the keytable as described in section
-Loading a keytable. Currency (dansk: ``soltegn'')
-is the default <Shift><4> character on a Danish keyboard.
-
-
-This should fix the problem for both X11 and plain Linux.
-
-
-
-
-!oslash (oslash) and Oslash (Oslash)
-
-
-In some older distributions ``oslash'' and ``Oslash'' appear as cent and
-yen. Find the line for keycode 40 in the keymap file and change it from
-
-keycode 40 = cent yen
-
-to
-
-keycode 40 = +oslash +Ooblique
-
-
-
-This bug appears to have been fixed in kbd-.88.tar.gz and newer versions.
-
-
-The plus signs are necessary to get Caps Lock working properly. ``Oslash''
-can be used as an alias for ``Ooblique'' in kbd-.90.tar.gz and newer
-versions.
-
-
-You can read more about keyboard configuration at
-this site.
-
-
-
-----
-
-!!3. Display and application setup
-
-
-Most applications need to be compiled as ``8-bit-clean'' to work well with
-European characters. Some need a few extra hints to get it right.
-
-
-
-
-!!3.1 Loading the ISO-8859-1 font on the console
-
-
-
-Execute the following commands from your shell prompt:
-
-setfont lat1u-16.psf
-
-
-
-In Red Hat Linux 5.2 and higher you can do this by adding these lines to
-/etc/sysconfig/i18n:
-
-SYSFONT=lat1u-16.psf
-SYSTERM=linux
-
-Due to a bug in the ncurses package on Red Hat Linux 5.2, you also
-have to change ``linux-lat'' to ``linux'' in /etc/profile.d/lang.sh.
-This is not necessary in Red Hat Linux 6..
-
-
-
-
-!!3.2 The Euro symbol
-
-
-
-A new symbol has been added to the Danish character set: The symbol for the
-Euro (the new currency of the European Monetary Union.) A new character set
-called ISO-8859-15 a.k.a. latin0 (or latin9) has been created to replace
-ISO-8859-1 (latin1.) You must use the
-EURO package to get support for
-latin0. The package includes both fonts and keymaps.
-
-
-
-
-!!3.3 Characters you can display under Linux
-
-
-
-Type dumpkeys -l | less at the prompt to find out which characters
-that are readily available. You can map them to your keyboard via the keymap
-files mentioned in section
-Loading a keytable.
-
-
-
-
-!! 3.4 International character sets in specific applications
-
-
-
-A number of applications demand special attention. This section describes
-how to set up configuration files for them.
-
-
-
-
-; __bash:__:
-
-
-
-Put the following in your ~/.inputrc file:
-
-set meta-flag on
-set convert-meta off
-set output-meta on
-
-
-
-
-; __elm:__:
-
-
-
-Put the following definitions in your ~/.elm/elmrc file:
-
-charset = iso-8859-1
-displaycharset = iso-8859-1
-textencoding = 8bit
-
-
-
-This may not work on some versions of elm. You can get partial __MIME__
-support in elm if you use metamail.
-
-
-
-; __emacs:__:
-
-
-
-Put the following in your ~/.emacs or the the system-wide
-initialization file (probably /usr/lib/emacs/site-lisp/default.el or
-/usr/share/emacs/site-lisp/default.el):
-
-(standard-display-european t)
-(set-input-mode (car (current-input-mode))
-(nth 1 (current-input-mode))
-)
-
-
-
-Dead keys should work under GNU emacs provided you use GNU emacs v19.30 or
-higher and XFree86 v3.1.2 or higher (it works for me anyway,) so do not start
-researching available elisp packages implementing ``electric keys'' or
-anything like that. If you want to implement European keyboard conventions
-in emacs without upgrading, the best choice is probably the remap
-package available from
-!SunSite DK.
-There are also two packages called iso-acc.elc and iso-trans.elc
-included with emacs that have similar functionality, but they are not nearly
-as powerful.
-
-
-
-; __groff:__:
-
-
-
-Issue the command as
-
-groff -Tlatin1 <your_groff_input_file>
-
-if you want ISO-8859-1 text output.
-
-
-Remember to change this in /etc/man.config to get latin1 characters
-working in man (don't remove the -mandoc switch.)
-
-
-
-; __ispell --- Spell checking in Danish:__:
-
-
-
-First make sure that you install version 3.1.20 instead of version 4.0 of
-ispell. The latter is obsolete and multiple brain-damaged. You can
-download the sources for ispell at
-the GNU archive
-and you can get a Danish dictionary from
-SSLUG. Follow
-the compilation instructions and you should have no trouble (One caveat: When
-defining the variables necessary for compilation you must tell ispell that
-Linux is a SysV type OS by defining the variable USG.)
-
-
-When you have installed the Danish dictionary for ispell you can check
-the spelling of a Danish language file by executing the command:
-
-ispell -d danish -T latin1 -w "aeligoslasharingAEligOslashAring" <your_danish_text_file>
-
-
-
-(Note for non-Danish readers: You can find dictionaries for most Western
-languages by reading the file Where included with the sources for
-ispell.)
-
-
-
-; __joe:__:
-
-
-
-Issue the command as
-
-joe -asis
-
-or put the following in your ~/.joerc file:
-
--asis
-
-
-
-The hyphen character ''must'' be in the first column.
-
-
-
-; __kermit:__:
-
-
-
-This is as close as I can get, but not completely satisfying yet. Put the
-following in your ~/.kermrc file:
-
-set terminal bytesize 8
-set command bytesize 8
-set file bytesize 8
-set language danish
-set file character-set latin1-iso
-set transfer character-set latin1-iso
-set terminal character-set latin1-iso
-
-
-
-I think there are more variables to set, but they are hiding. You would have
-to modify these settings if the remote system is DOS or OS/2 based.
-
-
-
-; __less:__:
-
-
-
-Set the following environment variable:
-
-LESSCHARSET=latin1
-
-This is not necessary if your system support locales. Then you should just
-set LANG, LC_CTYPE or LC_ALL (see section
-Locale support in libc 5.4.x and higher.)
-
-
-
-; __ls:__:
-
-
-
-Issue the command as
-
-ls -N
-
-or possibly
-
-ls --8bit
-
-
-
-
-; __lynx:__:
-
-
-
-Put the following definition in your ~/.lynxrc file:
-
-character_set=ISO Latin 1
-
-
-
-This can also be set via the Options menu in lynx. Type `o' and set
-the relevant option.
-
-
-
-; __man:__:
-
-
-
-See entry for groff in this section.
-
-
-
-; __metamail:__:
-
-
-
-Set the following environment variable:
-
-MM_CHARSET=ISO-8859-1
-
-
-
-
-; __nn:__:
-
-
-
-Put the following in your ~/.nn/init file:
-
-set data-bits 8
-
-
-
-
-; __pine:__:
-
-
-
-Put the following definition in your ~/.pinerc file:
-
-character-set=ISO-8859-1
-
-
-
-This can also be set via the Setup, Config menu option in pine.
-It won't hurt to enable enable-8bit-esmtp-negotiation and
-enable-8bit-nntp-posting (for news) in that menu too.
-
-
-
-; __rlogin:__:
-
-
-
-Issue the command as
-
-rlogin -8 foo.bar.dk
-
-
-
-
-; __sendmail:__:
-
-
-
-Put (or uncomment) the following in your /etc/sendmail.cf file:
-
-O !SevenBitInput=False
-O !EightBitMode=pass8
-O !DefaultCharSet=iso-8859-1
-
-
-
-
-; __tcsh:__:
-
-
-
-Put the following in your /etc/csh.login or ~/.tcshrc
-file:
-
-setenv LANG C
-
-
-
-Actually you just have to define one of the environment variables LANG
-or LC_CTYPE. The value does not matter. Read the tcsh man
-page for more information.
-
-
-
-; __telnet:__:
-
-
-
-Put one line of the following type in your ~/.telnetrc file for
-__each__ host you want to log on to using telnet:
-
-<hostname> set outbinary true
-
-
-
-Example:
-
-localhost set outbinary true
-foo.bar.dk set outbinary true
-
-
-
-
- ; __TeX/LaTeX:__:
-
-
-
-
-There are several problems with TeX/LaTeX: You want LaTeX to understand
-the special characters and you do not want LaTeX to put in English words
-like ``Chapter'' at the beginning of every chapter or use English typesetting
-conventions.
-
-
-Under LaTeX2e the header of your input file should look something like this:
-
-\documentclass[[a4paper]{article}
-\usepackage[[latin1]{inputenc}
-\usepackage{t1enc}
-\usepackage[[danish]{babel}
-
-
-
-The first usepackage statement ensures that LaTeX will interpret
-European characters correctly, so you do not have to use escape codes for
-European characters. The second one is not strictly necessary, but it is
-recommended including it to use the new EC fonts (previously called DC
-fonts.) The third usepackage statement defines a range of standards
-for typesetting texts in Danish.
-
-
-All the major Linux distributions now includes the __teTeX__ package. To
-set up teTeX you must run the script texconfig. Here you can choose
-Danish hyphenation (dansk: ``orddeling''), A4 papersize for dvips and
-xdvi etc.
-
-
-All new Linux distributions include LaTeX2e, but on older systems you might
-come across LaTeX 2.09. If that happens you can use
-
-\documentstyle[[a4,isolatin]{article}
-
-to include support for ISO-8859-1 characters and European paper sizes. A
-better thing to do would be to ask your system administrator to upgrade
-to LaTeX2e.
-
-
-isolatin.sty is available from all
-CTAN servers.
-
-
-Some people prefer to use emacs in a special mode which translates ``special''
-letters into TeX escape codes, but this method is obsolete.
-
-
-
-; __tin:__:
-
-
-
-Put the following definitions in your ~/.tin/headers file:
-
-Mime-Version: 1.
-Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1
-Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
-
-
-
-Now you can post messages with the proper Danish characters in the message
-body.
-
-
-
-
-----
-
-!!4. Miscellaneous problems
-
-!!4.1 Time zone
-
-
-
-Denmark is placed in the Central European Time zone (CET or MET,) which (in
-the winter) is equivalent to Greenwich Mean Time plus 1 (GMT+1.) You set
-the time zone on a Linux system by making a symbolic link between
-/usr/lib/zoneinfo/localtime and the file in
-/usr/lib/zoneinfo/ with a name corresponding to your zone or
-country. Danes will want to execute one of the commands
-
-ln -sf /usr/lib/zoneinfo/MET /etc/localtime
-
-or
-
-ln -sf /usr/lib/zoneinfo/Europe/Copenhagen /etc/localtime
-
-
-
-This automatically sets Daylight Saving Time (GMT+2) in the summer.
-
-
-You synchronize the system time with the CMOS clock by issuing the command
-clock as root. If your CMOS clock is set to GMT (a.k.a. UTC --- the
-standard on proper Unix systems) use
-
-clock -u -s
-
-or if your CMOS clock is set to local time use
-
-clock -s
-
-
-
-
-
-!!4.2 A4 papersize
-
-
-
-
-
-
-*ghostscript:
-Add the command line option -sPAPERSIZE=a4.
-
-*
-
-*ghostview: Define the following Xresource:
-
-Ghostview.pageMedia: A4
-
-
-*
-
-*TeX/LaTeX, dvips, xdvi: See the entry for
-TeX/LaTeX in section
-International character sets in specific applications.
-*
-
-
-
-
-
-!!4.3 Text file formats for other platforms
-
-
-
-You can translate files between an ISO-8859-1 formatted text file and
-e.g. a DOS text file using codepage 850 with the recode package. A
-DOS file called foo.txt would be translated into a proper Unix
-file with the command
-
-recode cp850:latin1 foo.txt
-
-
-
-recode is available as recode-3.4.tar.gz from all mirrors of
-the GNU archive.
-
-
-
-----
-
-!! 5. Locale support in libc 5.4.x and higher
-
-
-The locale support has been updated in libc 5.4.x. You can avoid many of
-the individual program setups described in section
-International character sets in specific applications if the programs
-on your system is prepared for locale support. The Debian distribution comes
-with this support if you install the wg15-locale package. Systems with
-GNU libc 2 (libc 6.x) support locales by default (see remarks about
-Red Hat Linux release 5.0 later in this section.)
-
-
-If you use a system without locale support, you can add such support using the
-following method:
-
-
-#Make sure you have the latest libc 5.4.x library. You can get this
-from
-Yggdrasil Computing.
-#
-
-#Make sure you have the localedef program installed. It should come
-with the library.
-#
-
-#Get the locale sources. You can get them from DKUUG. You need to get
-both
-locale
-and
-charmap
-sources.
-#
-
-#Put the locale sources in /usr/share/i18n/locales/ and the
-charmap sources in /usr/share/i18n/charmaps/.
-#
-
-#Execute the localedef program to build the locale data files:
-
-localedef -ci da_DK -f ISO_8859-1:1987 da_DK
-
-(Note for non-Danish readers: You can build locale data files for other locales
-in the same way. All locale and charmap sources are at the DKUUG site.)
-#
-
-
-
-To enable support for the Danish locale on a system with locale support you
-just have to set one of the following environment variables:
-
-LANG=da_DK
-
-or
-
-LC_ALL=da_DK
-
-
-
-Try da_DK.ISO_8859-1 if da_DK does not work.
-
-
-Both environment variables set all the individual locale catgories. You can
-also set a single locale category by using the name of the category as an
-environment variable. The locale catogories are:
-
-Locale category Application
---------------- -----------
-LC_COLLATE Collation of strings (sort order.)
-LC_CTYPE Classification and conversion of characters.
-LC_MESSAGES Translations of yes and no.
-LC_MONETARY Format of monetary values.
-LC_NUMERIC Format of non-monetary numeric values.
-LC_TIME Date and time formats.
-LC_ALL Sets all of the above (overrides all of them.)
-LANG Sets all the categories, but can be overridden
-by the individual locale categories.
-
-
-
-In Red Hat Linux 5.2 you can set the environment variables LANG and/or
-LC_ALL in the file /etc/sysconfig/i18n by adding lines such as
-this:
-
-LC_ALL=da_DK
-
-
-
-A few programs such as bash and GNU emacs still need specific
-setup as described in section
-International character sets in specific applications, but most
-should work without further attention. Programs such as nvi which
-did not work with 8 bit characters before should work now.
-
-
-Locale support should be more common as distributions based on the new
-GNU libc 2 become available. Beware that although Red Hat Linux release
-5.0 comes with GNU libc 2, the locale support is not working. You have to
-build the locale data files by executing localedef yourself. You can build
-the Danish locale data files with the following command:
-
-localedef -c -i da_DK -f ISO-8859-1 da_DK
-
-
-
-As of glibc-2..7-4.i386.rpm the locale data files are included with the
-libraries and this is no longer necessary.
-
-
-
-----
-
-!! 6. Programming tips for X11
-
-
-Displaying 8-bit charaters is easy. You can use them just as you would use
-7-bit ASCII. Getting applications to accept input of special characters is
-an entirely different matter.
-
-
-If you are using e.g. the Xt toolkit and a widget set like Motif you need
-only add one line to your program. As your __first__ call to Xt use
-!XtSetLanguageProc. Like this:
-
-int main (int argc, char** argv)
-{
-...
-!XtSetLanguageProc (NULL, NULL, NULL);
-top = !XtAppInitialize ( ... );
-...
-}
-
-
-
-Now your program will automagically look up the LC_CTYPE variable
-and interpret dead keys etc. according to the Compose tables in
-/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/locale/. This should work for all Western European
-keyboard layouts and is entirely portable. As XFree86 multilanguage support
-gets better your program will also be useful in Eastern Europe and the
-Middle East.
-
-
-This method of input is supported by Xt, Xlib and Motif v1.2 (and
-higher.) According to the information I have available it is only partially
-supported by Xaw. If you have further information on this subject I would like
-to hear from you.
-
-
-This section was adapted from a more extensive discussion in Michael
-Gschwind's Programming for Internationalization. See section
-Other documents of relevance for a pointer to that document.
-
-
-
-----
-
-!!7. Getting X11 applications to speak Danish
-
-
-To get Danish texts on menus, buttons, etc. in a well behaved X11 application,
-you just have to translate the resource strings defining the texts. Jacob
-Nordfalk has done such translations for a lot of applications including
-Netscape and Ghostview. The translations and a description of how to
-install them can be found at
-this site.
-
-
-
-----
-
-!!8. Information resources
-
-!! 8.1 Other documents of relevance
-
-
-
-The HOWTOs are available from all mirrors of www.linuxdoc.org. There is a
-Danish mirror at
-!SunSite DK.
-
-
-The German HOWTO (in German) by Winfried Truumlmper. A lot of other national
-HOWTOs such as Finnish, Spanish and Polish are also available in the native
-languages.
-
-
-The Linux Keyboard and Console HOWTO by Andries Brouwer.
-
-
-The ISO 8859-1 National Character Set FAQ and Programming for
-Internationalization (plus much more) by Michael Gschwind is available from
-this site.
-
-
-
-
-!! 8.2 FTP and Web sites
-
-
-
-
-SSLUG (Skaringne Sjaeliglland Linux User Group) is a
-Swedish/Danish Linux user group. Their mailing list is a good place to get
-help with Linux in Danish (or Swedish.) They are also hosts for
-this document.
-
-
-AUC in Aringlborg is the home of
-!SunSite DK which has the Debian and Red Hat distributions, the latest
-kernels, a mirror of the
-Linux Documentation Project and mirrors of
-metalab.unc.edu and
-the GNU archive. There is
-also a mirror of
-the CTAN archive with everything you need to get TeX and LaTeX
-running.
-
-
-
-----
-
-!!9. Credits and legal stuff
-
-
-Thanks to Peter Dalgaard, Anders Majland, Jon Haugsand, Jacob Nordfalk, the
-authors of the German HOWTO, Michael Gschwind and numerous others for
-suggestions and help with several questions. And a big thanks to the people
-at Aalborg University Center for writing and making available several of the
-packages described in this document. A special Thank You to Thomas Petersen;
-the original author of this document.
-
-
-
-
-!!9.1 Legal stuff
-
-
-
-Trademarks are owned by their owners.
-
-
-Although the information given in this document is believed to be correct,
-the author will accept no liability for the content of this document. Use
-the tips and examples given herein at your own risk.
-
-
-Copyright (c) 1996 by Thomas Petersen. Copyright (c) 1997-2000
-by Niels Kristian Bech Jensen. This document may be distributed only subject
-to the terms and conditions set forth in the LDP license at
-http://www.linuxdoc.org/COPYRIGHT.html
.
-
-
-
-----
+Describe
[HowToDanishHOWTO
] here
.
