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-CompaqT1500-Linux HOWTO
-!!!CompaqT1500-Linux HOWTO
-!Thomas Chiverton
-
-falken@bigfoot.com
-
-
-__Revision History__Revision 1.012002-03-17Revised by: geaConversion to Docbook formatRevision 1.02002-03-11Revised by: tjcLDP releaseRevision .852001-12-13Revised by: tjcSecurity hints. XFree.Revision .82001-12-13Revised by: tjcKernel transfer problem fix (NFS null). General tidy.Revision .72001-09-11Revised by: tjcMuch FLASHing and mounting notes addedRevision .612001-08-20Revised by: tjcTweak debian unpack notes. Add URL. Notes on re-FLASHRevision .62001-07-28Revised by: tjcAdd example syslog output. Add in securetty changesRevision .52001-07-28Revised by: tjcInitial release for feedback, comments from community
-
-
-
-
-
- Lists the procedures and tools needed to boot the Compaq T1500, using a Netboot of both the native file system and a generic Linux installation.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-----; __Table of Contents__; 1. About this guide: ; 1.1. Purpose and scope; 1.2. Latest update; 1.3. Feedback; 2. Introduction; 3. The Compaq way; 4. The one true way; 5. Editing FLASH image and other tools: ; 5.1. Editing Flash image; 5.2. Mounting FLASH; 6. XFree86; 7. Trouble Shooting: ; 7.1. Intermittent kernel transfer problems (NFS null); 8. Pending projects; 9. Contributors and thanks
-!!!1. About this guide
-!!1.1. Purpose and scope
-
-This document is aimed at the Linux enthusiast with an average level of knowledge. In particular you must be happy with configuring, restarting (or installing) new services.You will need a Linux server and (of course) a T1500.
-
-----
-!!1.2. Latest update
-
-The most up to date copy of this document can be found at www.compsoc.man.ac.uk/~falken/T1500/
-
-----
-!!1.3. Feedback
-
-Comments and feedback should go the the author listed at the head of the document.
-
-----
-!!!2. Introduction
-
-The T1500 is a Linux based diskless thin client, able to boot off internal FLASH RAM into X. It will acquire TCP/IP information from DHCP, and includes telnet and a WWW browser. In this configuration, the T1500 is useful as a small
-Internet access device.However, the T1500 can also operate as a diskless client, acquiring it's initial
-kernel and root file system from a remote machine (this uses 'TFTP' for the
-1st stage, and 'NFS' for the latter). Compaq provide a CD with a kernel image
-and root file system, along with management tools, but these tools are not needed,
-and have been found to fail on some systems. This will be discussed in the 'Compaq
-Way' section.
-
-
-
-It is also possible to use the Compaq kernel to boot a normal Linux based distribution.
-We use Debian as an example, but the process
-is fairly generic, and discussed in the 'One True Way' section.
-
-
-
-We will assume:
-A working DNS server on 192.168.1.1 (bookcase) and that this machine will serve
-the kernel and file system
-The T1500 is to be installed as 192.168.1.52 (box).
-The domain is 'house'.
-No special routing is needed.
-In the examples a !RedHat server is used, but the specifics should apply to any
-GNU based system.
-
-----
-!!!3. The Compaq way
-
-Create the directories for the kernel and file system on your server, mount
-and copy the files from the Compaq CD. Unpack the file system:
-
-
-mkdir /exports/T1500
-mkdir /exports/T1500/root
-mkdir /exports/T1500/tftpboot
-mount /cdrom
-cp /cdrom/product/vmlinux /exports/T1500/tftpboot
-cd /exports/T1500/root
-tar xvf /cdrom/product/netboot.tar
-
-Configure DHCP by adding a section like this to your /etc/dhcpd.conf
-
-
-
-Change the ethernet address to that of your T1500.
-
-
-group {
-#little black box
-host box {
-hardware ethernet 00:80:64:10:1d:1c;
-fixed-address box.house;
-option host-name "box";
-server-name "192.168.1.1";
-filename "/exports/T1500/tftpboot/vmlinux";
-option root-path "192.168.1.1:/exports/T1500/root";
-}
-}
-
-Configure a new host in DNS
-
-
-db.192.168.1.1:
-52 in ptr box.
-db.house:
-box in a 192.168.1.52
-
-Export the root file system by adding
-
-
-/exports/T1500/root box(rw,no_root_squash)
-
-to
-
-
-/etc/exports
-
-Configuring tftp by adding/altering a line to /etc/inetd.conf
-
-
-tftp dgram udp wait root /usr/sbin/tcpd in.tftpd /exports/T1500/tftpboot
-
-Now restart inetd,dhcpd,nfs and named
-Select the 'netboot' option on the T1500, and reboot.
-The T1500 will now boot into something very similar to its normal O/S.
-You may want to add
-
-
-exec /nor/Xbin/xterm 8
-
-as the penultimate line in
-
-
-/exports/T1500/root/root/.xinitrc
-
-and then logout and back in again, to get an xterm.
-
-----
-!!!4. The one true way
-
-We use the debian 'potato' (2.2) release as an example. The procedure should
-be similar no matter which distribution you choose, providing it will run on
-a 2..35 kernel.
-
-
-
-Create the directories for the kernel and file system on your server, mount
-and copy the files from the Compaq CD. Unpack the file system (Here I use some
-pre-made tar balls of the debian release, here is not the place to discuss further):
-
-
-mkdir /exports/T1500
-mkdir /exports/T1500/root
-mkdir /exports/T1500/tftpboot
-mount /cdrom
-cp /cdrom/product/vmlinux /exports/T1500/tftpboot
-CD /exports/T1500/root
-tar zxvf /tmp/base2_2.tgz
-tar zxvf /tmp/telnetd*.tgz
-
-Configure DHCP by adding a section like this to your /etc/dhcpd.conf
-Change the ethernet address to that of your T1500.
-
-
-Group {
-#little black box
-host box {
-hardware ethernet 00:80:64:10:1d:1c;
-fixed-address box.house;
-option host-name "box";
-server-name "192.168.1.1";
-filename "/exports/T1500/tftpboot/vmlinux";
-option root-path "192.168.1.1:/exports/T1500/root";
-}
-}
-
-Configure a new host in DNS
-
-
-db.192.168.1.1:
-52 in ptr box.
-db.house:
-box in a 192.168.1.52
-
-Export the root file system by adding
-
-
-/exports/T1500/root box(rw,no_root_squash)
-
-to /etc/exports
-
-
-
-Configuring tftp by adding/altering a line to /etc/inetd.conf
-
-
-tftp dgram udp wait root /usr/sbin/tcpd in.tftpd /exports/T1500/tftpboot
-
-Now restart inetd,dhcpd,nfs and named
-
-
-
-Configure the file system by setting the root password to 'pass', exposing telnetd
-
-
-
-/exports/T1500/root/etc/passwd, alter 1st line: root:Z/U2u32VhNJoA:::,,,:/root:/bin/bash
-
-
-
-/exports/T1500/root/etc/inetd.conf, add: telnet stream tcp nowait root /usr/sbin/tcpd in.telnetd
-
-
-
-Append remote terminals to /etc/securetty to allow remote root access.
-
-
-tty1
-tty2
-tty3
-tty4
-tty5
-tty6
-tty7
-tty8
-tty9
-tty10
-tty11
-tty12
-ttyp0
-ttyp1
-ttyp2
-ttyp3
-
-Select network booting on the T1500 and reboot it.
-
-
-
-Once it has booted, you should be able to telnet into the T1500. At ths point,
-you shoudl configure SSH, and close the telnet hole in inetd.
-
-----
-!!!5. Editing FLASH image and other tools
-!!5.1. Editing Flash image
-
-The T1500s come with a utility called 'makeflash' (which lives in /sbin and
-also comes on the CD). You can use this to generate a flash filesystem image
-from a tar.gz, which can either be local, or an NFS / SMB file. This utility
-generates all the necessary checksums too.
-
-
-
-1. Flashing with a Slackware 8.0 image doesn't work, even with the calculated checksum. This suggests to me that there is a further check made on vmlinux itself.
-
-
-
-2. Having dissected the leo.boot and vmlinux files supplied with the unit,
-I
-suspect that leo.boot checks vmlinux for the string "xxxxyyyyWYSEwysexxxx"
-which is duly included in the custom kernel they use.
-
-
-
-3. Leo.boot is in fact a Win CE related thing, with a queer bolt-on to allow
-linux boots. The normal Win CE leo.boot is about half the size. It uses
-the Eboot protocol for both ethernet and parallel port flash programming.
-There are some free Linux tools available to format images correctly for
-replacing leo.boot and also the OS image, but they rely on you supplying a
-suitably compiled object version of the bootrom.
-
-
-
-Be careful when running it though - it is possible to flash the thing to a
-state in which the only way to get it booting again is to use the Wyse-provided
-DOS util / laplink cable setup.
-
-
-
-Also, if anyone manages to get makeflash running on something which isn't the
-terminal, could you let me know how? AFAICT, it's trying to link with a very
-old glibc and libforms.You should be able to flash-update the T1500 a few 100,000 times.
-
-
-
-Apparently the T1500 is a Wyse WT3X15, based on what they call the 'Leo Board'.
-You can download a DOS reflashing util, and some docs for it from the UK Wyse
-website, in the Customer Support section's firmware page. It requires a parallel
-laplink cable.
-
-----
-!!5.2. Mounting FLASH
-
-After running the mknod commands below, you can then mount /dev/fnand and /dev/fnand1, which are both 16Mb flashfs partitions. You can also mount /dev/fram, and write
-to it, however the data disappeared after umounting 8 remounting. It may have
-use as swap space.
-
-
-mknod /dev/fcard b 63
-mknod /dev/fcard.fmt b 63 128
-mknod /dev/fcard1 b 63 1
-mknod /dev/fcard1.fmt b 63 129
-mknod /dev/fnand b 62
-mknod /dev/fnand.fmt b 62 128
-mknod /dev/fnand1 b 62 2
-mknod /dev/fnand1.fmt b 62 120
-mknod /dev/fnor b 65
-mknod /dev/fnor.2m b 65 128
-mknod /dev/fram b 64 128----
-!!!6. XFree86
-
-To boot up into XFree86, grab and install the normal XFree packages.
-Grab and install the XF86Config file from http://www.compsoc.man.ac.uk/~falken/T1500/XF86Config.
-Use a line like
-
-
-xinit -- -bpp 16 8
-
-In rc.local (or your distributions equiv.) to start it up automaticly.
-To do the safe thing and run X as a user, create the user and use something
-like the following to start and stop it (I placed this in the init.d dir. and
-linked from rc.4). Change 'mplayer' on line 5 to your username.
-
-
-#! /bin/sh
-case "$1" in
-start)
-echo -n "Automatically logging into X"
-su -c 'cd ~mplayer 88 xinit -- -bpp 16' - mplayer 8
-echo "."
-;;
-stop|restart)
-;;
-*)
-echo "Usage: /etc/init.d/mplayer {start|stop|restart}"
-exit 1
-esac
-exit ----
-!!!7. Trouble Shooting
-
-The servers log file (/var/log/messages) should contain hints as to where you've
-got to in the boot process, as it should log TFTP transfers, NFS mounts etc.
-If not, add
-
-
-*.* /var/log/messages
-
- to
-
-
-/etc/syslogd.conf
-
-and restart syslog
-
-
-
-tcpdump allows you to see what packets are being transfered, and their NFS
-filenames.
-
-
- tcpdump -i eth0 -s 500 host box
-
-Your output from syslog should resemble:
-
-
-Jul 24 21:37:00 bookcase dhcpd: DHCPDISCOVER from 00:80:64:10:1d:1c via eth0
-Jul 24 21:37:00 bookcase dhcpd: DHCPOFFER on 192.168.1.52 to 00:80:64:10:1d:1c via eth0
-Jul 24 21:37:04 bookcase dhcpd: DHCPREQUEST for 192.168.1.52 from 00:80:64:10:1d:1c via eth0
-Jul 24 21:37:04 bookcase dhcpd: DHCPACK on 192.168.1.52 to 00:80:64:10:1d:1c via eth0
-Jul 24 21:37:04 bookcase tftpd
[[5003
]: tftpd: trying to get file: /exports/T1500/tftpboot/vmlinux
-Jul 24 21:37:24 bookcase mountd[[4853]: authenticated mount request from box:600
-
-Your tcpdump output should look like (when idle):
-
-
-17:31:41.450000 box.8022008 b bookcase.nfs: 116 lookup fh Unknown/1 "initctl"
-17:31:41.450000 bookcase.nfs b box.8022008: reply ok 128 lookup fh Unknown/1----
-!!7.1. Intermittent kernel transfer problems (NFS null)
-
-There is a known problem which occasionally causes the T1500 to fail to reboot,
-apparently because it fails to tftp the kernel after the reboot. A tcpdump of
-this happening will resemble:
-
-
-12:04:38.506153 box.2049 b bookcase.house.tftp: 39 RRQ "/exports/T1500/tftpboot/vmlinux"
-12:04:38.556153 bookcase.house.1199 b box.2049: udp 516
-12:04:38.556153 box.2049 b bookcase.house.1199: udp 4
-12:04:38.556153 bookcase.house.196610 b box.nfs: 516 null
-12:04:38.556153 box.2049 b bookcase.house.1199: udp 4
-12:04:38.556153 bookcase.house.196611 b box.nfs: 516 null
-12:04:38.556153 box.2049 b bookcase.house.1199: udp 4
-12:04:38.556153 bookcase.house.196612 b box.nfs: 516 null
-12:04:38.556153 box.2049 b bookcase.house.1199: udp 4
-12:04:38.566153 bookcase.house.196613 b box.nfs: 516 null
-12:04:38.566153 box.2049 b bookcase.house.1199: udp 4
-12:04:38.566153 bookcase.house.196614 b box.nfs: 516 null
-12:04:38.566153 box.2049 b bookcase.house.1199: udp 4
-12:04:38.566153 bookcase.house.196615 b box.nfs: 516 null
-
-You will then see a syslog entry from tftp indicating that it is sending the
-kernel, but no packets are exchanged. ARP requests go unanswered.
-
-
-
-This can be resolved, but if you have your T1500 headless in a corner, is a
-PITA.
-Connect a monitor, keyboard and PS/2 mouse if not present.
-Reboot the T1500, and press 'L' after the 1st beep.
-The T1500 will now boot focally. Change the boot mode to 'Local' (Start-bSystem
-menu) and reboot.
-Change the boot mode back to 'Network'
-
-----
-!!!8. Pending projects
-
-Edit / re-flash FLASH
-
-
-
-PCMCIA usage - probably needs the next item :-)
-
-
-
-Custom kernel (TFTP loader looks at checksum / WYSE string)
-
-
-
-Text mode console
-
-
-
-SSH / SSHd / gcc for Compaq file system (should be easy to copy once compiled
-on custom FS)
-
-----
-!!!9. Contributors and thanks
-
-[[incomplete, real names needed too]
-
-
-
-Cez
-
-
-
-John Topper
-
-
-
-Grapham Wood `rauxon@compsoc.man.ac
.ukb
-
-
-
-Mike Sparks
-
-
-
-James Mulcahy
+Describe
[HowToCompaqT1500HOWTO
] here
.
