| Rev | Author | # | Line |
|---|---|---|---|
| 27 | SkliaroukArieh | 1 | !!! Package-related Notes |
| 37 | IanMcDonald | 2 | |
| 27 | SkliaroukArieh | 3 | !! Rate-limiting apt-get |
| 4 | |||
| 5 | If you live in NewZealand, you might be interested in rate-limiting downloads thanks to terrible queuing and rate-limiting on many [ADSL] services. | ||
| 6 | |||
| 7 | apt-get(8) uses its own built-in code for retrieving packages via [HTTP] or [FTP], instead of relying on an external program like wget(1), and doesn't offer any rate-limiting options. There are two main ways to throttle its bandwidth consumption anyway: | ||
| 8 | |||
| 9 | * Set up a WebProxy on your [LAN] which throttles downloads, and configure [APT] to use it, either via <tt>/etc/apt/apt.conf.d</tt> settings or with the <tt>http_proxy</tt> or <tt>ftp_proxy</tt> [EnvironmentVariable]s. | ||
| 10 | * Install the trickle(1) package, which can rate-limit most UserSpace socket connections. | ||
| 11 | |||
| 12 | The second route is much easier, but note that using trickle(1) will also __rate-limit any child processes__ spawned by your command -- if [APT] restarts any daemons, they will be rate-limited! You should therefor do two separate passes with apt-get(8): a trickle(1)-controlled one to download packages, and a separate one without trickle(1) to install the downloaded packages. You can do this with a command such as | ||
| 13 | |||
| 14 | <verbatim> | ||
| 15 | trickle -d $KBPS apt-get --download-only upgrade && apt-get upgrade | ||
| 16 | </verbatim> | ||
| 17 | |||
| 18 | You may also use trickle only in the http and ftp file retrieval "plug-ins" of apt. For the http method : | ||
| 19 | <verbatim> | ||
| 20 | dpkg-divert --local --rename /usr/lib/apt/methods/http | ||
| 21 | echo '#!/bin/sh' > /usr/lib/apt/methods/http | ||
| 22 | echo '/usr/bin/trickle -s -d 10 /usr/lib/apt/methods/http.distrib' >> /usr/lib/apt/methods/http | ||
| 23 | chmod 755 /usr/lib/apt/methods/http | ||
| 24 | </verbatim> | ||
| 25 | Do the same for the ftp method. The "-d 10" sets a ratelimit of 10KB/s. You may want to take out the -s/-d switches and configure trickled. | ||
| 26 | |||
| 27 | !! dpkg doesn't ask me questions any more? | ||
| 28 | |||
| 29 | You have configured debconf not to ask questions, possibly after an AutoInstall. You can fix this using the following command: | ||
| 30 | |||
| 31 | <verbatim> | ||
| 32 | dpkg-reconfigure --frontend=dialog --priority=low debconf | ||
| 33 | </verbatim> | ||
| 34 | |||
| 35 | !! Excluding a particular package from automatic upgrades | ||
| 36 | |||
| 37 | Put the package on hold, like so: | ||
| 38 | |||
| 39 | <pre> | ||
| 40 | echo "''packagename'' hold" | dpkg --set-selections | ||
| 41 | </pre> | ||
| 42 | |||
| 43 | |||
| 44 | !! How to get back lost files from your packages | ||
| 45 | |||
| 46 | <verbatim> | ||
| 47 | cd /var/lib/dpkg/info/ | ||
| 48 | for PKG in *.list ; do | ||
| 49 | while read FILE ; do | ||
| 28 | MattBrown | 50 | [ -r "$FILE" ] && continue |
| 27 | SkliaroukArieh | 51 | echo "${PKG%%.list}" |
| 52 | break | ||
| 53 | done < "$PKG" | ||
| 54 | done \ | ||
| 28 | MattBrown | 55 | | xargs apt-get -y install --reinstall |
| 27 | SkliaroukArieh | 56 | </verbatim> |
| 57 | |||
| 58 | It will look at your installed packages to see what files should be installed, then reinstall any packages for which files are missing. | ||
| 59 | |||
| 60 | !! Reinstalling all packages on a system | ||
| 61 | |||
| 62 | <verbatim> | ||
| 63 | dpkg --get-selections | awk '$2 == "install" { print $1 }' | xargs apt-get -y --reinstall install | ||
| 36 | CraigBox | 64 | </verbatim> |
| 65 | |||
| 66 | !! Removing all packages marked as 'deinstall' | ||
| 67 | |||
| 68 | <verbatim> | ||
| 69 | dpkg --get-selections | grep deinstall | cut -f1 | xargs dpkg --purge | ||
| 27 | SkliaroukArieh | 70 | </verbatim> |
| 71 | |||
| 72 | !! Irritations using dpkg -l '*glob*' | ||
| 73 | |||
| 74 | The <tt>COLUMNS</tt> EnvironmentVariable controls the width of dpkg(1)'s output, and thus how much of the package names gets chopped off. Note its behaviour differs depending on whether stdout is a terminal or not. Eg.: | ||
| 75 | |||
| 76 | <verbatim> | ||
| 77 | COLUMNS=160 dpkg -l 'lib*' | awk '{print $1,$2}' | ||
| 78 | </verbatim> | ||
| 79 | |||
| 80 | !! Some other people's notes on dealing with DebianLinux | ||
| 81 | |||
| 82 | While the following page has some good tips, it seems to have been written by someone who not only thought that they should be able to instantly know every nuance of a piece of software without reading a manual or anything like that, but needed to take a few CTFD pills before writing this page. That said, it's mildly amusing and has a few good points. | ||
| 83 | |||
| 84 | http://www.miketaylor.org.uk/tech/wxinmfpl/debian.html | ||
| 85 | |||
| 86 | The main cause of this person's problems was mixing packages from stable and testing. One of the best features about DebianLinux is that (in stable, at least) the debian packages work very well with the other packages in the distribution. They've been tested lots, and spent a lot of time having only bug-fixes applied. With Testing or Unstable, it is likely that the developers and users building and using packages are using packages from the same repository. Often packages from testing may not work very well with an older library from stable, but the package doesn't have the required dependency on a newer version, simply because the DebianLinux maintainer doesn't know that the program misbehaves. If someone reports it as a bug, then the package will probably get the required dependency. But if very few people mix-n-match packages from stable and testing, all these little problems won't be discovered and resolved. | ||
| 87 | |||
| 88 | Moral: if you use testing or unstable, don't keep old versions of packages around while only upgrading some of them. | ||
| 89 | |||
| 90 | !! Downgrading from unstable to stable | ||
| 91 | |||
| 92 | This is not a process to be taken lightly. It will probably be faster, safer and easier to just do a complete reinstall. | ||
| 93 | |||
| 94 | Steps: | ||
| 95 | # Backup the system | ||
| 96 | # Uninstall all unnecessary packages ([Apache], [KDE], [GNOME], etc) | ||
| 97 | # Get a copy of a statically linked bash(1) and put it in <tt>/bin/</tt> somewhere | ||
| 98 | # Edit <tt>/etc/debian_version</tt> to the version you want | ||
| 99 | # Edit <tt>/etc/apt/sources.list</tt> to the version you want | ||
| 100 | # Issue <tt>apt-get --reinstall install binutils</tt> which will reinstall and pretty much everything | ||
| 101 | |||
| 102 | You may find yourself in a situation which you have an old linker that won't let you uninstall a relatively new libc6. The solution to this problem is to reverse the changes in <tt>/etc/apt/sources.list</tt>, get a new linker, get an old libc6, then get an old linker. | ||
| 31 | MichaelJager | 103 | |
| 104 | !! Reconfiguring the bootloader automagically after kernel package install/remove | ||
| 105 | |||
| 106 | If you use kernel packages, you can configure the machine to run a postinstall/postremove script. This is normally taken care of during system install time (if you install a machine with [GRUB], then update-grub is run after kernel install/remove), but if you change bootloaders, it may not be. | ||
| 107 | |||
| 108 | Look in /etc/kernel-img.conf (create it if it doesn't exist), and set the postinst_hook and postrm_hook values accordingly. | ||
| 109 | <verbatim> | ||
| 110 | postinst_hook=/sbin/update-grub | ||
| 111 | postrm_hook=/sbin/update-grub | ||
| 112 | </verbatim> | ||
| 32 | CraigBox | 113 | |
| 114 | !! Compiling debs for modules | ||
| 115 | |||
| 116 | If you run 'make-kpkg modules_image', make-kpkg(1) will go through /usr/src/modules and build modules .debs for all the subdirectories of Debian-build-able modules you have in there. | ||
| 27 | SkliaroukArieh | 117 | |
| 118 | !!! Miscellaneous Notes | ||
| 119 | |||
| 120 | !! Setting up two [NIC]s to bridge | ||
| 121 | |||
| 122 | Assuming you have the appropriate tools installed (bridge-utils), you just need to add a stanza like the following to <tt>/etc/network/interfaces</tt>: | ||
| 123 | |||
| 124 | <verbatim> | ||
| 125 | auto br0 | ||
| 126 | iface br0 inet static | ||
| 127 | address 10.66.100.1 | ||
| 128 | netmask 255.255.255.0 | ||
| 129 | gateway 10.66.100.254 | ||
| 130 | bridge-ports eth0 eth1 | ||
| 131 | </verbatim> | ||
| 132 | |||
| 133 | Note that you should __not__ have a separate stanza for <tt>eth0</tt> and <tt>eth1</tt>. | ||
| 39 | BenStaz | 134 | |
| 135 | !!How on earth do I create extended partitions when using the Debian installer? | ||
| 136 | |||
| 137 | If you create logical partitions then a extended partition will be automatically created to house it. Don't worry! :) | ||
| 138 | |||
| 139 | |||
| 30 | AlastairPorter | 140 | |
| 141 | !! I installed >1gb of ram but it doesn't show up | ||
| 142 | |||
| 34 | JohnMcPherson | 143 | The default debian 386 kernel package doesn't have bigmem support. Try installing a more specific image, eg 686 (in the '<tt>kernel-image-2.6-686</tt>' package). |
| 33 | CraigBox | 144 | |
| 145 | !! The installer can't see my $new_device | ||
| 146 | |||
| 147 | Kenshi Muto has built [a Sarge debian-installer CD based on the 2.6.15 kernel|http://kmuto.jp/b.cgi/debian/d-i-2615.htm]. It might be what you need. Otherwise, install onto an IDE disk and move your installation. | ||
| 29 | MattBrown | 148 | |
| 149 | !!! Debian Books | ||
| 150 | |||
| 151 | There are several books available to teach you about Debian. | ||
| 152 | |||
| 153 | * [Debian GNU/Linux 3.1 Bible|ISBN:0764576445] | ||
| 154 | * [The Debian System: Concepts and Techniques|ISBN:1593270690] | ||
| 35 | CraigBox | 155 | |
| 156 | !!! Other pages | ||
| 157 | |||
| 158 | In addition to this page, you should also take a look at | ||
| 159 | |||
| 160 | * DebianPackageTools | ||
| 161 | * AptSourcesList | ||
| 162 | * apt-move(8) -- a tool for moving your <tt>/var/cache/apt/archives</tt> into your very own Debian mirror | ||
| 163 | * [AutoInstall] -- Progeny's rather broken solution for automatically installing [Debian] | ||
| 29 | MattBrown | 164 | |
| 27 | SkliaroukArieh | 165 | ---- |
| 166 | CategoryDebian |
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