NAME

xargs - build and execute command lines from standard input

SYNOPSIS

xargs [-0prtx? [-e[[eof-str?] [-i[[replace-str?] [-l[[max-lines?] [-n max-args? [-s max-chars? [-P max-procs? [--null? [--eof[[=eof-str?] [--replace[[=replace-str?] [--max-lines[[=max-lines?] [--interactive? [--max-chars=max-chars? [--verbose? [--exit? [--max-procs=max-procs? [--max-args=max-args? [--no-run-if-empty? [--version? [--help? [command [[initial-arguments?]

DESCRIPTION

This manual page documents the GNU version of xargs. xargs reads arguments from the standard input, delimited by blanks (which can be protected with double or single quotes or a backslash) or newlines, and executes the command (default is /bin/echo) one or more times with any initial-arguments followed by arguments read from standard input. Blank lines on the standard input are ignored.

xargs exits with the following status: |0| if it succeeds |123| if any invocation of the command exited with status 1-125 |124| if the command exited with status 255 |125| if the command is killed by a signal |126| if the command cannot be run |127| if the command is not found |1| if some other error occurred.

OPTIONS

--null, -0

Input filenames are terminated by a null character instead of by whitespace, and the quotes and backslash are not special (every character is taken literally). Disables the end of file string, which is treated like any other argument. Useful when arguments might contain white space, quote marks, or backslashes. The GNU find -print0 option produces input suitable for this mode.

--eof[=eof-str?, -e[eof-str?

Set the end of file string to eof-str. If the end of file string occurs as a line of input, the rest of the input is ignored. If eof-str is omitted, there is no end of file string. If this option is not given, the end of file string defaults to ''

--help

Print a summary of the options to xargs and exit.

--replace[=replace-str?, -i[replace-str?

Replace occurences of replace-str in the initial arguments with names read from standard input. Also, unquoted blanks do not terminate arguments. If replace-str is omitted, it defaults to {}, like find -exec. Implies -x and -l 1.

--max-lines[=max-lines?, -l[max-lines?

Use at most max-lines nonblank input lines per command line; max-lines defaults to 1 if omitted. Trailing blanks cause an input line to be logically continued on the next input line. Implies -x.

--max-args=max-args, -n max-args

Use at most max-args arguments per command line. Fewer than max-args arguments will be used if the size (see the -s option) is exceeded, unless the -x option is given, in which case xargs will exit.

--interactive, -p

Prompt the user about whether to run each command line and read a line from the terminal. Only run the command line if the response starts with `y' or `Y'. Implies -t.

--no-run-if-empty, -r

If the standard input does not contain any nonblanks, do not run the command. Normally, the command is run once even if there is no input.

--max-chars=max-chars, -s max-chars

Use at most max-chars characters per command line, including the command and initial arguments and the terminating nulls at the ends of the argument strings. The default is as large as possible, up to 20k characters.

--verbose, -t

Print the command line on the standard error output before executing it.

--version

Print the version number of xargs and exit.

--exit, -x

Exit if the size (see the -s option) is exceeded.

--max-procs=max-procs, -P max-procs

Run up to max-procs processes at a time; the default is 1. If max-procs is 0, xargs will run as many processes as possible at a time. Use the -n option with -P; otherwise chances are that only one exec will be done.

EXAMPLE

If you're using the command:

grep 7d archive/*

and the archive directory has grown too large and is now giving the error Argument list too long you can use:

find archive -type f | xargs grep '7d'

This could also be done using the -exec option to find, but this approach causing a process creation for each file.

SEE ALSO

find(1), locate(1), locatedb(5), updatedb(1) Finding Files (on-line in Info, or printed)