Diff: tcsh(1) - Waikato Linux Users Group

@@ -21,11 +21,10 @@

tcsh - C shell with file name completion and command line editing

!!SYNOPSIS

-__tcsh__ [ [__-bcdefFimnqstvVxX__]

-[ [__-Dname__[ [__=value__]] [ [arg ...]__

- tcsh -l__

+__tcsh__ ~ [__-bcdefFimnqstvVxX__]

+~ [__-Dname__~ [__=value__]] ~ [arg ...] __tcsh -l__

!!DESCRIPTION

''tcsh'' is an enhanced but completely compatible version

@@ -83,14 +82,14 @@

__-d__

-The shell loads the directory stack from ''~/.cshdirs''

+The shell loads the directory stack from ''~ ~/.cshdirs''

as described under __Startup and shutdown__, whether or

not it is a login shell. (+)

-__-D__''name''[ [=''value'']

+__-D__''name''~ [=''value'']

Sets the environment variable ''name'' to ''value''.

(Domain/OS only) (+)

@@ -105,9 +104,9 @@

__-f__

-The shell ignores ''~/.tcshrc'', and thus starts

+The shell ignores ''~ ~/.tcshrc'', and thus starts

faster.

__-F__

@@ -135,9 +134,9 @@

__-m__

-The shell loads ''~/.tcshrc'' even if it does not belong

+The shell loads ''~ ~/.tcshrc'' even if it does not belong

to the effective user. Newer versions of su(1) can

pass __-m__ to the shell. (+)

@@ -219,40 +218,40 @@

A login shell begins by executing commands from the system

files ''/etc/csh.cshrc'' and ''/etc/csh.login''. It

then executes commands from files in the user's __home__

-directory: first ''~/.tcshrc'' (+) or, if

-''~/.tcshrc'' is not found, ''~/.cshrc'', then

-''~/.history'' (or the value of the __histfile__ shell

+directory: first ''~ ~/.tcshrc'' (+) or, if

+''~ ~/.tcshrc'' is not found, ''~ ~/.cshrc'', then

+''~ ~/.history'' (or the value of the __histfile__ shell

variable), then ''~/.login'', and finally

-''~/.cshdirs'' (or the value of the __dirsfile__ shell

+''~ ~/.cshdirs'' (or the value of the __dirsfile__ shell

variable) (+). The shell may read ''/etc/csh.login''

before instead of after ''/etc/csh.cshrc'', and

-''~/.login'' before instead of after ''~/.tcshrc'' or

-''~/.cshrc'' and ''~/.history'', if so compiled; see

+''~ ~/.login'' before instead of after ''~ ~/.tcshrc'' or

+''~ ~/.cshrc'' and ''~ ~/.history'', if so compiled; see

the __version__ shell variable. (+)

Non-login shells read only ''/etc/csh.cshrc'' and

-''~/.tcshrc'' or ''~/.cshrc'' on startup.

+''~ ~/.tcshrc'' or ''~ ~/.cshrc'' on startup.

For examples of startup files, please consult

''http://tcshrc.sourceforge.net''.

Commands like stty(1) and tset(1), which need

be run only once per login, usually go in one's

-''~/.login'' file. Users who need to use the same set of

+''~ ~/.login'' file. Users who need to use the same set of

files with both csh(1) and ''tcsh'' can have only

-a ''~/.cshrc'' which checks for the existence of the

+a ''~ ~/.cshrc'' which checks for the existence of the

__tcsh__ shell variable (q.v.) before using

''tcsh''-specific commands, or can have both a

-''~/.cshrc'' and a ''~/.tcshrc'' which ''source''s

-(see the builtin command) ''~/.cshrc''. The rest of this

-manual uses `''~/.tcshrc''' to mean `''~/.tcshrc'' or,

-if ''~/.tcshrc'' is not found,

-''~/.cshrc'''.

+''~ ~/.cshrc'' and a ''~ ~/.tcshrc'' which ''source''s

+(see the builtin command) ''~ ~/.cshrc''. The rest of this

+manual uses `''~/.tcshrc''' to mean `''~ ~/.tcshrc'' or,

+if ''~ ~/.tcshrc'' is not found,

+''~ ~/.cshrc'''.

In the normal case, the shell begins reading commands from

the terminal, prompting with `

@@ -461,17 +460,17 @@

suffixes to be ignored by completion. Consider the

following:

-Makefile condiments.h~ main.o side.c

+Makefile condiments.h~ ~ main.o side.c

README main.c meal side.o

-condiments.h main.c~

-main.c main.c~ main.o

+condiments.h main.c~ ~

+main.c main.c~ ~ main.o

-`main.c~' and `main.o' are ignored by completion (but not

+`main.c~ ~' and `main.o' are ignored by completion (but not

listing), because they end in suffixes in __fignore__.

-Note that a `' was needed in front of `~' to prevent it from

+Note that a `' was needed in front of `~ ~' to prevent it from

being expanded to __home__ as described under __Filename

substitution__. __fignore__ is ignored if only one

completion is possible.

@@ -756,9 +755,9 @@

Searches backwards through the history list for a command

beginning with the current contents of the input buffer up

to the cursor and copies it into the input buffer. The

search string may be a glob-pattern (see __Filename

-substitution__) containing `*', `?', `[ []' or `{}'.

+substitution__) containing `*', `?', `~ []' or `{}'.

''up-history'' and ''down-history'' will proceed from

the appropriate point in the history list. Emacs mode only.

See also ''history-search-forward'' and

''i-search-back''.

@@ -1634,12 +1633,12 @@

returned (but `:' modifiers and the other forms given below

are not available in this case).

-$''name''[ [''selector'']

+$''name''~ [''selector'']

-${''name''[ [''selector'']}

+${''name''~ [''selector'']}

Substitutes only the selected words from the value of

''name''. The ''selector'' is subjected to `$'

@@ -1666,16 +1665,16 @@

${''number''}

-Equivalent to `$argv[ [''number'']'.

+Equivalent to `$argv~ [''number'']'.

$*

Equivalent to `$argv', which is equivalent to

-`$argv[ [*]'.

+`$argv~ [*]'.

The `:' modifiers described under __History

substitution__, except for `:p', can be applied to the

@@ -1738,9 +1737,9 @@

${%''number''}

Substitutes the number of characters in

-$argv[ [''number'']. (+)

+$argv~ [''number'']. (+)

$?

@@ -1830,14 +1829,14 @@

a filename or immediately following a `/', as well as the

character `/' must be matched explicitly. The character `*'

matches any string of characters, including the null string.

The character `?' matches any single character. The sequence

-`[ [...]' matches any one of the characters enclosed. Within

-`[ [...]', a pair of characters separated by `-' matches any

+`~ [...]' matches any one of the characters enclosed. Within

+`~ [...]', a pair of characters separated by `-' matches any

character lexically between the two.

-(+) Some glob-patterns can be negated: The sequence `[ [^...]'

+(+) Some glob-patterns can be negated: The sequence `~ [^...]'

matches any single character ''not'' specified by the

characters and/or ranges of characters in the

braces.

@@ -1849,9 +1848,9 @@

bang crash crunch ouch

bang ouch

-Glob-patterns which do not use `?', `*', or `[ []' or which

+Glob-patterns which do not use `?', `*', or `~ []' or which

use `{}' or `~' (below) are not negated

correctly.

@@ -1868,25 +1867,25 @@

passed. This construct may be nested. As a special case the

words `{', `}' and `{}' are passed undisturbed.

-The character `~' at the beginning of a filename refers to

-home directories. Standing alone, i.e., `~', it expands to

+The character `~ ~' at the beginning of a filename refers to

+home directories. Standing alone, i.e., `~ ~', it expands to

the invoker's home directory as reflected in the value of

the __home__ shell variable. When followed by a name

consisting of letters, digits and `-' characters the shell

searches for a user with that name and substitutes their

-home directory; thus `~ken' might expand to `/usr/ken' and

-`~ken/chmach' to `/usr/ken/chmach'. If the character `~' is

+home directory; thus `~ ~ken' might expand to `/usr/ken' and

+`~ ~ken/chmach' to `/usr/ken/chmach'. If the character `~ ~' is

followed by a character other than a letter or `/' or

appears elsewhere than at the beginning of a word, it is

left undisturbed. A command like `setenv MANPATH

/usr/man:/usr/local/man:~/lib/man' does not, therefore, do

home directory substitution as one might hope.

-It is an error for a glob-pattern containing `*', `?', `[ ['

-or `~', with or without `^', not to match any files.

+It is an error for a glob-pattern containing `*', `?', `~ ['

+or `~ ~', with or without `^', not to match any files.

However, only one pattern in a list of glob-patterns must

match a file (so that, e.g., `rm *.a *.c *.o' would fail

only if there were no files in the current directory ending

in `.a', `.c', or `.o'), and if the __nonomatch__ shell

@@ -2196,10 +2195,10 @@

||

-Here the precedence increases to the right, `==' `!=' `=~'

-and `!~', `

+Here the precedence increases to the right, `==' `!=' `=~ ~'

+and `!~ ~', `

Filename substitution__) against which the left hand

operand is matched. This reduces the need for use of the

''switch'' builtin command in shell scripts when all that

is really needed is pattern matching.

@@ -2820,13 +2819,13 @@

home directory between several types of machines; one can,

for example,

-set path = (~/bin.$MACHTYPE /usr/ucb /bin /usr/bin

+set path = (~ ~/bin.$MACHTYPE /usr/ucb /bin /usr/bin

.)

-in one's ''~/.login'' and put executables compiled for

+in one's ''~ ~/.login'' and put executables compiled for

each machine in the appropriate directory.

The __version__ shell variable indicates what options

@@ -2842,9 +2841,9 @@

__Signal handling__

Login shells ignore interrupts when reading the file

-''~/.logout''. The shell ignores quit signals unless

+''~ ~/.logout''. The shell ignores quit signals unless

started with __-q__. Login shells catch the terminate

signal, but non-login shells inherit the terminate behavior

from their parents. Other signals have the values which the

shell inherited from its parent.

@@ -2921,14 +2920,14 @@

__@

@__ ''name'' __=__ ''expr''__

-@__ ''name''[ [''index''] __=__ ''expr''__

+@__ ''name''~ [''index''] __=__ ''expr''__

@__ ''name''__++__|__--__

__@__

-''name''[ [''index'']__++__|__--__

+''name''~ [''index'']__++__|__--__

The first form prints the values of all shell

variables.

@@ -2958,9 +2957,9 @@

''expr'' are optional. Components of ''expr'' must be

separated by spaces.

-__alias__ [ [''name'' [ [''wordlist'']]

+__alias__ ~ [''name'' ~ [''wordlist'']]

Without arguments, prints all aliases. With ''name'',

prints the alias for name. With ''name'' and

@@ -2981,9 +2980,9 @@

systems other than the VAX may use a different memory

allocator.

-__bg__ [ [__%__''job'' ...]

+__bg__ ~ [__%__''job'' ...]

Puts the specified jobs (or, without arguments, the current

job) into the background, continuing each if it is stopped.

@@ -2991,16 +2990,16 @@

described under __Jobs__.

__bindkey__

-[ [__-l__|__-d__|__-e__|__-v__|__-u__]

+~ [__-l__|__-d__|__-e__|__-v__|__-u__]

(+)__

-bindkey__ [ [__-a__] [ [__-b__] [ [__-k__] [ [__-r__]

-[ [__--__] ''key'' (+)

+bindkey__ ~ [__-a__] ~ [__-b__] ~ [__-k__] ~ [__-r__]

+~ [__--__] ''key'' (+)

-__bindkey__ [ [__-a__] [ [__-b__] [ [__-k__]

-[ [__-c__|__-s__] [ [__--__] ''key command''

+__bindkey__ ~ [__-a__] ~ [__-b__] ~ [__-k__]

+~ [__-c__|__-s__] ~ [__--__] ''key command''

(+)

Without options, the first form lists all bound keys and the

@@ -3213,10 +3212,10 @@

A label in a ''switch'' statement as discussed

below.

-__cd__ [ [__-p__] [ [__-l__] [ [__-n__|__-v__]

-[ [''name'']

+__cd__ ~ [__-p__] ~ [__-l__] ~ [__-n__|__-v__]

+~ [''name'']

If a directory ''name'' is given, changes the shell's

working directory to ''name''. If not, changes to

@@ -3245,10 +3244,10 @@

A synonym for the ''cd'' builtin command.

-__complete__ [ [''command''

-[ [''word''__/__''pattern''__/__''list''[ [__:__''select'']__/__[[[ [''suffix'']__/__]

+__complete__ ~ [''command''

+~ [''word''__/__''pattern''__/__''list''~ [__:__''select'']__/__~ [~ [''suffix'']__/__]

...]] (+)

Without arguments, lists all completions. With

@@ -3596,11 +3595,11 @@

-to complete `elm -f =' as if it were `elm -f ~/Mail/'. Note

+to complete `elm -f =' as if it were `elm -f ~ ~/Mail/'. Note

that we used `@' instead of `/' to avoid confusion with the

-''select'' argument, and we used `$HOME' instead of `~'

+''select'' argument, and we used `$HOME' instead of `~ ~'

because home directory substitution works at only the

beginning of a word.

@@ -3642,9 +3641,9 @@

otherwise completed to a directory. Whew.

Remember that programmed completions are ignored if the word

-being completed is a tilde substitution (beginning with `~')

+being completed is a tilde substitution (beginning with `~ ~')

or a variable (beginning with `$'). ''complete'' is an

experimental feature, and the syntax may change in future

versions of the shell. See also the ''uncomplete''

builtin command.

@@ -3664,18 +3663,18 @@

Labels the default case in a ''switch'' statement. It

should come after all ''case'' labels.

-__dirs__ [ [__-l__] [ [__-n__|__-v__]__

-dirs -S__|__-L__ [ [''filename''] (+)

+__dirs__ ~ [__-l__] ~ [__-n__|__-v__]__

+dirs -S__|__-L__ ~ [''filename''] (+)

__dirs -c__ (+)

The first form prints the directory stack. The top of the

stack is at the left and the first directory in the stack is

-the current directory. With __-l__, `~' or `~''name'''

+the current directory. With __-l__, `~ ~' or `~ ~''name'''

in the output is expanded explicitly to __home__ or the

pathname of the home directory for user ''name''. (+)

With __-n__, entries are wrapped before they reach the

edge of the screen. (+) With __-v__, entries are printed

@@ -3690,23 +3689,23 @@

commands. With __-L__, the shell sources ''filename'',

which is presumably a directory stack file saved by the

__-S__ option or the __savedirs__ mechanism. In either

case, __dirsfile__ is used if ''filename'' is not

-given and ''~/.cshdirs'' is used if __dirsfile__ is

+given and ''~ ~/.cshdirs'' is used if __dirsfile__ is

unset.

Note that login shells do the equivalent of `dirs -L' on

startup and, if __savedirs__ is set, `dirs -S' before

-exiting. Because only ''~/.tcshrc'' is normally sourced

+exiting. Because only ''~ ~/.tcshrc'' is normally sourced

before ''~/.cshdirs'', __dirsfile__ should be set in

-''~/.tcshrc'' rather than ''~/.login''.

+''~ ~/.tcshrc'' rather than ''~ ~/.login''.

The last form clears the directory stack.

-__echo__ [ [__-n__] ''word'' ...

+__echo__ ~ [__-n__] ''word'' ...

Writes each ''word'' to the shell's standard output,

separated by spaces and terminated with a newline. The

@@ -3714,9 +3713,9 @@

not) the flags and escape sequences of the BSD and/or System

V versions of ''echo''; see echo(1).

-__echotc__ [ [__-sv__] ''arg'' ... (+)

+__echotc__ ~ [__-sv__] ''arg'' ... (+)

Exercises the terminal capabilities (see termcap(5))

in ''args''. For example, 'echotc home' sends the cursor

@@ -3776,18 +3775,18 @@

Executes the specified command in place of the current

shell.

-__exit__ [ [''expr'']

+__exit__ ~ [''expr'']

The shell exits either with the value of the specified

''expr'' (an expression, as described under

__Expressions__) or, without ''expr'', with the value

of the __status__ variable.

-__fg__ [ [__%__''job'' ...]

+__fg__ ~ [__%__''job'' ...]

Brings the specified jobs (or, without arguments, the

current job) into the foreground, continuing each if it is

@@ -3872,10 +3871,10 @@

On machines without vfork(2), prints only the number

and size of hash buckets.

-__history__ [ [__-hTr__] [ [''n'']__

-history -S__|__-L|-M__ [ [''filename'']

+__history__ ~ [__-hTr__] ~ [''n'']__

+history -S__|__-L|-M__ ~ [''filename'']

(+)

__history -c__ (+)

@@ -3908,19 +3907,19 @@

the __savehist__ mechanism, to the history list.

__-M__ is like __-L__, but the contents of

''filename'' are merged into the history list and sorted

by timestamp. In either case, __histfile__ is used if

-''filename'' is not given and ''~/.history'' is used

+''filename'' is not given and ''~ ~/.history'' is used

if __histfile__ is unset. `history -L' is exactly like

'source -h' except that it does not require a

filename.

Note that login shells do the equivalent of `history -L' on

startup and, if __savehist__ is set, `history -S' before

-exiting. Because only ''~/.tcshrc'' is normally sourced

-before ''~/.history'', __histfile__ should be set in

-''~/.tcshrc'' rather than ''~/.login''.

+exiting. Because only ''~ ~/.tcshrc'' is normally sourced

+before ''~ ~/.history'', __histfile__ should be set in

+''~ ~/.tcshrc'' rather than ''~ ~/.login''.

If __histlit__ is set, the first and second forms print

and save the literal (unexpanded) form of the history

@@ -3929,9 +3928,9 @@

The last form clears the history list.

-__hup__ [ [''command''] (+)

+__hup__ ~ [''command''] (+)

With ''command'', runs ''command'' such that it will

exit on a hangup signal and arranges for the shell to send

@@ -3987,17 +3986,17 @@

There is no way to remove a shared library. (Domain/OS

only)

-__jobs__ [ [__-l__]

+__jobs__ ~ [__-l__]

Lists the active jobs. With __-l__, lists process IDs in

addition to the normal information. On TCF systems, prints

the site on which each job is executing.

-__kill__ [ [__-s__ ''signal'']

+__kill__ ~ [__-s__ ''signal'']

__%__''job''|''pid'' ...

__kill -l__

@@ -4015,10 +4014,10 @@

is sent a CONT (continue) signal as well. The third form

lists the signal names.

-__limit__ [ [__-h__] [ [''resource''

-[ [''maximum-use'']]

+__limit__ ~ [__-h__] ~ [''resource''

+~ [''maximum-use'']]

Limits the consumption by the current process and each

process it creates to not individually exceed

@@ -4083,9 +4082,9 @@

Terminates a login shell. Especially useful if

__ignoreeof__ is set.

-__ls-F__ [ [-''switch'' ...] [ [''file'' ...]

+__ls-F__ ~ [-''switch'' ...] ~ [''file'' ...]

(+)

Lists files like `ls -F', but much faster. It identifies

@@ -4191,9 +4190,9 @@

__color__ ''tcsh'' variable and the __LS_COLORS__

environment variable.

-__migrate__ [ [__-__''site'']

+__migrate__ ~ [__-__''site'']

''pid''|__%__''jobid'' ... (+)

__migrate -__''site'' (+)

@@ -4207,18 +4206,18 @@

because the shell does not like to lose its tty. (TCF

only)

-__newgrp__ [ [__-__] ''group'' (+)

+__newgrp__ ~ [__-__] ''group'' (+)

Equivalent to `exec newgrp'; see newgrp(1). Available

only if the shell was so compiled; see the __version__

shell variable.

-__nice__ [ [__+__''number'']

-[ [''command'']

+__nice__ ~ [__+__''number'']

+~ [''command'']

Sets the scheduling priority for the shell to ''number'',

or, without ''number'', to 4. With ''command'', runs

@@ -4229,9 +4228,9 @@

restrictions placed on commands in simple ''if''

statements apply.

-__nohup__ [ [''command'']

+__nohup__ ~ [''command'']

With ''command'', runs ''command'' such that it will

ignore hangup signals. Note that commands may set their own

@@ -4241,9 +4240,9 @@

__Signal handling__ and the ''hup'' builtin

command.

-__notify__ [ [__%__''job'' ...]

+__notify__ ~ [__%__''job'' ...]

Causes the shell to notify the user asynchronously when the

status of any of the specified jobs (or, without

@@ -4253,9 +4252,9 @@

__Jobs__. See also the __notify__ shell

variable.

-__onintr__ [ [__-__|''label'']

+__onintr__ ~ [__-__|''label'']

Controls the action of the shell on interrupts. Without

arguments, restores the default action of the shell on

@@ -4271,10 +4270,10 @@

and in system startup files (see __FILES__), where

interrupts are disabled anyway.

-__popd__ [ [__-p__] [ [__-l__] [ [__-n__|__-v__]

-[ [__+__''n'']

+__popd__ ~ [__-p__] ~ [__-l__] ~ [__-n__|__-v__]

+~ [__+__''n'']

Without arguments, pops the directory stack and returns to

the new top directory. With a number `+''n''', discards

@@ -4288,18 +4287,18 @@

__-n__ and __-v__ flags have the same effect on

''popd'' as on ''dirs''. (+)

-__printenv__ [ [''name''] (+)

+__printenv__ ~ [''name''] (+)

Prints the names and values of all environment variables or,

with ''name'', the value of the environment variable

''name''.

-__pushd__ [ [__-p__] [ [__-l__] [ [__-n__|__-v__]

-[ [''name''|__+__''n'']

+__pushd__ ~ [__-p__] ~ [__-l__] ~ [__-n__|__-v__]

+~ [''name''|__+__''n'']

Without arguments, exchanges the top two elements of the

directory stack. If __pushdtohome__ is set, ''pushd''

@@ -4356,9 +4355,9 @@

only)

__sched__ (+)__

-sched__ [ [__+__]''hh:mm command'' (+)

+sched__ ~ [__+__]''hh:mm command'' (+)

__sched -__''n'' (+)

@@ -4417,11 +4416,11 @@

__set

set__ ''name'' ...__

set__ ''name''__=__''word'' ...__

-set [ [-r] [ [-f|-l]__

+set ~ [-r] ~ [-f|-l]__

''name''__=(__''wordlist''__)__ ... (+)__

-set__ ''name[ [index]''__=__''word'' ...__

+set__ ''name~ [index]''__=__''word'' ...__

set -r__ (+)__

set -r__ ''name'' ... (+)

@@ -4457,9 +4456,9 @@

whitespace, but cannot be adjacent to only one or the other.

Newer page:	version 2	Last edited on Monday, November 12, 2007 9:23:27 am	by JohnMcPherson
Older page:	version 1	Last edited on Tuesday, June 4, 2002 12:22:56 am	by perry	Revert