version 1 showing authors affecting page license.
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perry |
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ED |
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!!!ED |
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NAME |
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SYNOPSIS |
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DESCRIPTION |
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FILES |
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SEE ALSO |
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LIMITATIONS |
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DIAGNOSTICS |
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---- |
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!!NAME |
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ed, red - text editor |
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!!SYNOPSIS |
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ed [[-] [[-Gs] [[-p ''string''] [[''file''] |
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red [[-] [[-Gs] [[-p ''string''] [[''file''] |
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!!DESCRIPTION |
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__ed__ is a line-oriented text editor. It is used to |
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create, display, modify and otherwise manipulate text files. |
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__red__ is a restricted __ed__: it can only edit files |
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in the current directory and cannot execute shell |
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commands. |
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If invoked with a ''file'' argument, then a copy of |
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''file'' is read into the editor's buffer. Changes are |
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made to this copy and not directly to ''file'' itself. |
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Upon quitting __ed__, any changes not explicitly saved |
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with a ''`w''' command are lost. |
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Editing is done in two distinct modes: ''command'' and |
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''input''. When first invoked, __ed__ is in command |
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mode. In this mode commands are read from the standard input |
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and executed to manipulate the contents of the editor |
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buffer. A typical command might look like: |
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,s/''old''/''new''/g |
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which replaces all occurences of the string ''old'' with |
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''new''. |
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When an input command, such as ''`a''' (append), |
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''`i''' (insert) or ''`c''' (change), is given, |
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__ed__ enters input mode. This is the primary means of |
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adding text to a file. In this mode, no commands are |
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available; instead, the standard input is written directly |
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to the editor buffer. Lines consist of text up to and |
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including a ''newline'' character. Input mode is |
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terminated by entering a single period (''.'') on a |
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line. |
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All __ed__ commands operate on whole lines or ranges of |
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lines; e.g., the ''`d''' command deletes lines; the |
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''`m''' command moves lines, and so on. It is possible to |
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modify only a portion of a line by means of replacement, as |
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in the example above. However even here, the ''`s''' |
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command is applied to whole lines at a time. |
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In general, __ed__ commands consist of zero or more line |
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addresses, followed by a single character command and |
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possibly additional parameters; i.e., commands have the |
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structure: |
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''[[address [[,address]]command[[parameters]'' |
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The address(es) indicate the line or range of lines to be |
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affected by the command. If fewer addresses are given than |
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the command accepts, then default addresses are |
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supplied. |
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__OPTIONS__ |
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-G |
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Forces backwards compatibility. Affects the commands |
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''`G''', ''`V''', ''`f''', ''`l''', ''`m''', |
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''`t''', and ''`!!'''. |
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-s |
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Suppresses diagnostics. This should be used if __ed__'s |
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standard input is from a script. |
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-p ''string'' |
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Specifies a command prompt. This may be toggled on and off |
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with the ''`P''' command. |
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''file'' |
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Specifies the name of a file to read. If ''file'' is |
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prefixed with a bang (!), then it is interpreted as a shell |
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command. In this case, what is read is the standard output |
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of ''file'' executed via sh(1). To read a file |
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whose name begins with a bang, prefix the name with a |
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backslash (). The default filename is set to ''file'' |
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only if it is not prefixed with a bang. |
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__LINE ADDRESSING__ |
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An address represents the number of a line in the buffer. |
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__ed__ maintains a ''current address'' which is |
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typically supplied to commands as the default address when |
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none is specified. When a file is first read, the current |
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address is set to the last line of the file. In general, the |
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current address is set to the last line affected by a |
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command. |
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A line address is constructed from one of the bases in the |
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list below, optionally followed by a numeric offset. The |
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offset may include any combination of digits, operators |
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(i.e., ''+'', ''-'' and ''^'') and whitespace. |
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Addresses are read from left to right, and their values are |
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computed relative to the current address. |
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One exception to the rule that addresses represent line |
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numbers is the address ''0'' (zero). This means |
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'' |
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An address range is two addresses separated either by a |
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comma or semicolon. The value of the first address in a |
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range cannot exceed the value of the the second. If only one |
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address is given in a range, then the second address is set |
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to the given address. If an ''n-''tuple of addresses is |
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given where ''n '' then the corresponding range is |
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determined by the last two addresses in the ''n-''tuple. |
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If only one address is expected, then the last address is |
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used. |
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Each address in a comma-delimited range is interpreted |
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relative to the current address. In a semicolon-delimited |
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range, the first address is used to set the current address, |
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and the second address is interpreted relative to the |
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first. |
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The following address symbols are recognized. |
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. |
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The current line (address) in the buffer. |
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$ |
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The last line in the buffer. |
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''n'' |
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The ''n''th, line in the buffer where ''n'' is a |
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number in the range ''[[0,$]''. |
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- |
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^ |
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The previous line. This is equivalent to ''-1'' and may |
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be repeated with cumulative effect. |
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-''n'' |
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^''n'' |
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The ''n''th previous line, where ''n'' is a |
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non-negative number. |
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+ |
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The next line. This is equivalent to ''+1'' and may be |
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repeated with cumulative effect. |
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+''n'' |
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''whitespace n'' |
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The ''n''th next line, where ''n'' is a non-negative |
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number. ''Whitespace'' followed by a number ''n'' is |
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interpreted as ''+n''. |
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, |
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% |
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The first through last lines in the buffer. This is |
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equivalent to the address range ''1,$''. |
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; |
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The current through last lines in the buffer. This is |
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equivalent to the address range ''.,$''. |
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/''re''/ |
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The next line containing the regular expression ''re''. |
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The search wraps to the beginning of the buffer and |
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continues down to the current line, if necessary. // repeats |
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the last search. |
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?''re''? |
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The previous line containing the regular expression |
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''re''. The search wraps to the end of the buffer and |
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continues up to the current line, if necessary. ?? repeats |
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the last search. |
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'''lc'' |
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The line previously marked by a ''`k''' (mark) command, |
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where ''lc'' is a lower case letter. |
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__REGULAR EXPRESSIONS__ |
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Regular expressions are patterns used in selecting text. For |
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example, the __ed__ command |
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g/''string''/ |
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prints all lines containing ''string''. Regular |
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expressions are also used by the ''`s''' command for |
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selecting old text to be replaced with new. |
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In addition to a specifying string literals, regular |
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expressions can represent classes of strings. Strings thus |
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represented are said to be matched by the corresponding |
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regular expression. If it is possible for a regular |
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expression to match several strings in a line, then the |
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left-most longest match is the one selected. |
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The following symbols are used in constructing regular |
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expressions: |
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c |
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Any character ''c'' not listed below, including `{', '}', |
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`(', `)', `'' |
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\''c'' |
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A backslash-escaped character ''c'' other than `{', '}', |
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`(', `)', ` |
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'' |
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. |
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Matches any single character. |
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''[[char-class]'' |
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Matches any single character in ''char-class''. To |
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include a `]' in ''char-class'', it must be the first |
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character. A range of characters may be specified by |
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separating the end characters of the range with a `-', e.g., |
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`a-z' specifies the lower case characters. The following |
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literal expressions can also be used in ''char-class'' to |
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specify sets of characters: |
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[[:alnum:] [[:cntrl:] [[:lower:] [[:space:] [[:alpha:] [[:digit:] |
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[[:print:] [[:upper:] [[:blank:] [[:graph:] [[:punct:] |
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[[:xdigit:] |
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If `-' appears as the first or last character of |
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''char-class'', then it matches itself. All other |
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characters in ''char-class'' match |
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themselves. |
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Patterns in ''char-class'' of the form: |
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[[.''col-elm''.] or, [[=''col-elm''=] |
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where ''col-elm'' is a ''collating element'' are |
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interpreted according to locale(5) (not currently |
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supported). See regex(3) for an explanation of these |
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constructs. |
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[[^''char-class''] |
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Matches any single character, other than newline, not in |
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''char-class''. ''char-class'' is defined as |
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above. |
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^ |
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If `^' is the first character of a regular expression, then |
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it anchors the regular expression to the beginning of a |
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line. Otherwise, it matches itself. |
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$ |
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If `$' is the last character of a regular expression, it |
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anchors the regular expression to the end of a line. |
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Otherwise, it matches itself. |
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''re'') |
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Defines a (possibly null) subexpression ''re''. |
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Subexpressions may be nested. A subsequent backreference of |
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the form `\''n''', where ''n'' is a number in the |
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range [[1,9], expands to the text matched by the ''n''th |
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subexpression. For example, the regular expression `1' |
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matches the string `abcabc', but not `abcadc'. |
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Subexpressions are ordered relative to their left |
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delimiter. |
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* |
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Matches the single character regular expression or |
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subexpression immediately preceding it zero or more times. |
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If '*' is the first character of a regular expression or |
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subexpression, then it matches itself. The `*' operator |
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sometimes yields unexpected results. For example, the |
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regular expression `b*' matches the beginning of the string |
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`abbb', as opposed to the substring `bbb', since a null |
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match is the only left-most match. |
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{''n,m''} |
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{''n,''} |
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{''n''} |
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Matches the single character regular expression or |
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subexpression immediately preceding it at least ''n'' and |
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at most ''m'' times. If ''m'' is omitted, then it |
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matches at least ''n'' times. If the comma is also |
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omitted, then it matches exactly ''n'' times. If any of |
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these forms occurs first in a regular expression or |
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subexpression, then it is interpreted literally (i.e., the |
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regular expression `{2}' matches the string `{2}', and so |
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on). |
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Anchors the single character regular expression or |
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subexpression immediately following it to the beginning |
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(word'', i.e., in ASCII, a |
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maximal string of alphanumeric characters, including the |
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underscore (_). |
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The following extended operators are preceded by a backslash |
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() to distinguish them from traditional __ed__ |
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syntax. |
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` |
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' |
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Unconditionally matches the beginning (`) or ending (') of a |
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line. |
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446 |
|
|
|
447 |
|
|
|
448 |
? |
|
|
449 |
|
|
|
450 |
|
|
|
451 |
Optionally matches the single character regular expression |
|
|
452 |
or subexpression immediately preceding it. For example, the |
|
|
453 |
regular expression `a[[bd]?c' matches the strings `abc', |
|
|
454 |
`adc' and `ac'. If ? occurs at the beginning of a regular |
|
|
455 |
expressions or subexpression, then it matches a literal |
|
|
456 |
`?'. |
|
|
457 |
|
|
|
458 |
|
|
|
459 |
+ |
|
|
460 |
|
|
|
461 |
|
|
|
462 |
Matches the single character regular expression or |
|
|
463 |
subexpression immediately preceding it one or more times. So |
|
|
464 |
the regular expression `a+' is shorthand for `aa*'. If + |
|
|
465 |
occurs at the beginning of a regular expression or |
|
|
466 |
subexpression, then it matches a literal `+'. |
|
|
467 |
|
|
|
468 |
|
|
|
469 |
b |
|
|
470 |
|
|
|
471 |
|
|
|
472 |
Matches the beginning or ending (null string) of a word. |
|
|
473 |
Thus the regular expression `bhellob' is equivalent to |
|
|
474 |
` |
|
|
475 |
|
|
|
476 |
|
|
|
477 |
B |
|
|
478 |
|
|
|
479 |
|
|
|
480 |
Matches (a null string) inside a word. |
|
|
481 |
|
|
|
482 |
|
|
|
483 |
w |
|
|
484 |
|
|
|
485 |
|
|
|
486 |
Matches any character in a word. |
|
|
487 |
|
|
|
488 |
|
|
|
489 |
W |
|
|
490 |
|
|
|
491 |
|
|
|
492 |
Matches any character not in a word. |
|
|
493 |
|
|
|
494 |
|
|
|
495 |
__COMMANDS__ |
|
|
496 |
|
|
|
497 |
|
|
|
498 |
All __ed__ commands are single characters, though some |
|
|
499 |
require additonal parameters. If a command's parameters |
|
|
500 |
extend over several lines, then each line except for the |
|
|
501 |
last must be terminated with a backslash (). |
|
|
502 |
|
|
|
503 |
|
|
|
504 |
In general, at most one command is allowed per line. |
|
|
505 |
However, most commands accept a print suffix, which is any |
|
|
506 |
of ''`p''' (print), ''`l''' (list) , or ''`n''' |
|
|
507 |
(enumerate), to print the last line affected by the |
|
|
508 |
command. |
|
|
509 |
|
|
|
510 |
|
|
|
511 |
An interrupt (typically ^C) has the effect of aborting the |
|
|
512 |
current command and returning the editor to command |
|
|
513 |
mode. |
|
|
514 |
|
|
|
515 |
|
|
|
516 |
__ed__ recognizes the following commands. The commands |
|
|
517 |
are shown together with the default address or address range |
|
|
518 |
supplied if none is specified (in parenthesis). |
|
|
519 |
|
|
|
520 |
|
|
|
521 |
(.)a |
|
|
522 |
|
|
|
523 |
|
|
|
524 |
Appends text to the buffer after the addressed line, which |
|
|
525 |
may be the address 0 (zero). Text is entered in input mode. |
|
|
526 |
The current address is set to last line |
|
|
527 |
entered. |
|
|
528 |
|
|
|
529 |
|
|
|
530 |
(.,.)c |
|
|
531 |
|
|
|
532 |
|
|
|
533 |
Changes lines in the buffer. The addressed lines are deleted |
|
|
534 |
from the buffer, and text is appended in their place. Text |
|
|
535 |
is entered in input mode. The current address is set to last |
|
|
536 |
line entered. |
|
|
537 |
|
|
|
538 |
|
|
|
539 |
(.,.)d |
|
|
540 |
|
|
|
541 |
|
|
|
542 |
Deletes the addressed lines from the buffer. If there is a |
|
|
543 |
line after the deleted range, then the current address is |
|
|
544 |
set to this line. Otherwise the current address is set to |
|
|
545 |
the line before the deleted range. |
|
|
546 |
|
|
|
547 |
|
|
|
548 |
e ''file'' |
|
|
549 |
|
|
|
550 |
|
|
|
551 |
Edits ''file'', and sets the default filename. If |
|
|
552 |
''file'' is not specified, then the default filename is |
|
|
553 |
used. Any lines in the buffer are deleted before the new |
|
|
554 |
file is read. The current address is set to the last line |
|
|
555 |
read. |
|
|
556 |
|
|
|
557 |
|
|
|
558 |
e !''command'' |
|
|
559 |
|
|
|
560 |
|
|
|
561 |
Edits the standard output of ''`!command''', (see |
|
|
562 |
!''command'' below). The default filename is unchanged. |
|
|
563 |
Any lines in the buffer are deleted before the output of |
|
|
564 |
''command'' is read. The current address is set to the |
|
|
565 |
last line read. |
|
|
566 |
|
|
|
567 |
|
|
|
568 |
E ''file'' |
|
|
569 |
|
|
|
570 |
|
|
|
571 |
Edits ''file'' unconditionally. This is similar to the |
|
|
572 |
''e'' command, except that unwritten changes are |
|
|
573 |
discarded without warning. The current address is set to the |
|
|
574 |
last line read. |
|
|
575 |
|
|
|
576 |
|
|
|
577 |
f ''file'' |
|
|
578 |
|
|
|
579 |
|
|
|
580 |
Sets the default filename to ''file''. If ''file'' is |
|
|
581 |
not specified, then the default unescaped filename is |
|
|
582 |
printed. |
|
|
583 |
|
|
|
584 |
|
|
|
585 |
(1,$)g''/re/command-list'' |
|
|
586 |
|
|
|
587 |
|
|
|
588 |
Applies ''command-list'' to each of the addressed lines |
|
|
589 |
matching a regular expression ''re''. The current address |
|
|
590 |
is set to the line currently matched before |
|
|
591 |
''command-list'' is executed. At the end of the |
|
|
592 |
''`g''' command, the current address is set to the last |
|
|
593 |
line affected by ''command-list''. |
|
|
594 |
|
|
|
595 |
|
|
|
596 |
Each command in ''command-list'' must be on a separate |
|
|
597 |
line, and every line except for the last must be terminated |
|
|
598 |
by a backslash (). Any commands are allowed, except for |
|
|
599 |
''`g''', ''`G''', ''`v''', and ''`V'''. A |
|
|
600 |
newline alone in ''command-list'' is equivalent to a |
|
|
601 |
''`p''' command. |
|
|
602 |
|
|
|
603 |
|
|
|
604 |
(1,$)G''/re/'' |
|
|
605 |
|
|
|
606 |
|
|
|
607 |
Interactively edits the addressed lines matching a regular |
|
|
608 |
expression ''re.'' For each matching line, the line is |
|
|
609 |
printed, the current address is set, and the user is |
|
|
610 |
prompted to enter a ''command-list''. At the end of the |
|
|
611 |
''`G''' command, the current address is set to the last |
|
|
612 |
line affected by (the last) |
|
|
613 |
''command-list''. |
|
|
614 |
|
|
|
615 |
|
|
|
616 |
The format of ''command-list'' is the same as that of the |
|
|
617 |
''`g''' command. A newline alone acts as a null command |
|
|
618 |
list. A single ` |
|
|
619 |
'' |
|
|
620 |
|
|
|
621 |
|
|
|
622 |
H |
|
|
623 |
|
|
|
624 |
|
|
|
625 |
Toggles the printing of error explanations. By default, |
|
|
626 |
explanations are not printed. It is recommended that ed |
|
|
627 |
scripts begin with this command to aid in |
|
|
628 |
debugging. |
|
|
629 |
|
|
|
630 |
|
|
|
631 |
h |
|
|
632 |
|
|
|
633 |
|
|
|
634 |
Prints an explanation of the last error. |
|
|
635 |
|
|
|
636 |
|
|
|
637 |
(.)i |
|
|
638 |
|
|
|
639 |
|
|
|
640 |
Inserts text in the buffer before the current line. Text is |
|
|
641 |
entered in input mode. The current address is set to the |
|
|
642 |
last line entered. |
|
|
643 |
|
|
|
644 |
|
|
|
645 |
(.,.+1)j |
|
|
646 |
|
|
|
647 |
|
|
|
648 |
Joins the addressed lines. The addressed lines are deleted |
|
|
649 |
from the buffer and replaced by a single line containing |
|
|
650 |
their joined text. The current address is set to the |
|
|
651 |
resultant line. |
|
|
652 |
|
|
|
653 |
|
|
|
654 |
(.)k''lc'' |
|
|
655 |
|
|
|
656 |
|
|
|
657 |
Marks a line with a lower case letter ''lc''. The line |
|
|
658 |
can then be addressed as '''lc'' (i.e., a single quote |
|
|
659 |
followed by ''lc'' ) in subsequent commands. The mark is |
|
|
660 |
not cleared until the line is deleted or otherwise |
|
|
661 |
modified. |
|
|
662 |
|
|
|
663 |
|
|
|
664 |
(.,.)l |
|
|
665 |
|
|
|
666 |
|
|
|
667 |
Prints the addressed lines unambiguously. If invoked from a |
|
|
668 |
terminal, __ed__ pauses at the end of each page until a |
|
|
669 |
newline is entered. The current address is set to the last |
|
|
670 |
line printed. |
|
|
671 |
|
|
|
672 |
|
|
|
673 |
(.,.)m(.) |
|
|
674 |
|
|
|
675 |
|
|
|
676 |
Moves lines in the buffer. The addressed lines are moved to |
|
|
677 |
after the right-hand destination address, which may be the |
|
|
678 |
address ''0'' (zero). The current address is set to the |
|
|
679 |
last line moved. |
|
|
680 |
|
|
|
681 |
|
|
|
682 |
(.,.)n |
|
|
683 |
|
|
|
684 |
|
|
|
685 |
Prints the addressed lines along with their line numbers. |
|
|
686 |
The current address is set to the last line |
|
|
687 |
printed. |
|
|
688 |
|
|
|
689 |
|
|
|
690 |
(.,.)p |
|
|
691 |
|
|
|
692 |
|
|
|
693 |
Prints the addressed lines. If invoked from a terminal, |
|
|
694 |
__ed__ pauses at the end of each page until a newline is |
|
|
695 |
entered. The current address is set to the last line |
|
|
696 |
printed. |
|
|
697 |
|
|
|
698 |
|
|
|
699 |
P |
|
|
700 |
|
|
|
701 |
|
|
|
702 |
Toggles the command prompt on and off. Unless a prompt was |
|
|
703 |
specified by with command-line option ''-p string'', the |
|
|
704 |
command prompt is by default turned off. |
|
|
705 |
|
|
|
706 |
|
|
|
707 |
q |
|
|
708 |
|
|
|
709 |
|
|
|
710 |
Quits ed. |
|
|
711 |
|
|
|
712 |
|
|
|
713 |
Q |
|
|
714 |
|
|
|
715 |
|
|
|
716 |
Quits ed unconditionally. This is similar to the ''q'' |
|
|
717 |
command, except that unwritten changes are discarded without |
|
|
718 |
warning. |
|
|
719 |
|
|
|
720 |
|
|
|
721 |
($)r ''file'' |
|
|
722 |
|
|
|
723 |
|
|
|
724 |
Reads ''file'' to after the addressed line. If |
|
|
725 |
''file'' is not specified, then the default filename is |
|
|
726 |
used. If there was no default filename prior to the command, |
|
|
727 |
then the default filename is set to ''file''. Otherwise, |
|
|
728 |
the default filename is unchanged. The current address is |
|
|
729 |
set to the last line read. |
|
|
730 |
|
|
|
731 |
|
|
|
732 |
($)r !''command'' |
|
|
733 |
|
|
|
734 |
|
|
|
735 |
Reads to after the addressed line the standard output of |
|
|
736 |
''`!command''', (see the !''command'' below). The |
|
|
737 |
default filename is unchanged. The current address is set to |
|
|
738 |
the last line read. |
|
|
739 |
|
|
|
740 |
|
|
|
741 |
(.,.)s''/re/replacement/'' |
|
|
742 |
|
|
|
743 |
|
|
|
744 |
(.,.)s''/re/replacement/''g |
|
|
745 |
|
|
|
746 |
|
|
|
747 |
(.,.)s''/re/replacement/n'' |
|
|
748 |
|
|
|
749 |
|
|
|
750 |
Replaces text in the addressed lines matching a regular |
|
|
751 |
expression ''re'' with ''replacement''. By default, |
|
|
752 |
only the first match in each line is replaced. If the |
|
|
753 |
''`g''' (global) suffix is given, then every match to be |
|
|
754 |
replaced. The ''`n''' suffix, where ''n'' is a postive |
|
|
755 |
number, causes only the ''n''th match to be replaced. It |
|
|
756 |
is an error if no substitutions are performed on any of the |
|
|
757 |
addressed lines. The current address is set the last line |
|
|
758 |
affected. |
|
|
759 |
|
|
|
760 |
|
|
|
761 |
''re'' and ''replacement'' may be delimited by any |
|
|
762 |
character other than space and newline (see the ''`s''' |
|
|
763 |
command below). If one or two of the last delimiters is |
|
|
764 |
omitted, then the last line affected is printed as though |
|
|
765 |
the print suffix ''`p''' were specified. |
|
|
766 |
|
|
|
767 |
|
|
|
768 |
An unescaped `replacement'' is replaced by |
|
|
769 |
the currently matched text. The character sequence |
|
|
770 |
''`m''', where ''m'' is a number in the range [[1,9], |
|
|
771 |
is replaced by the ''m''th backreference expression of |
|
|
772 |
the matched text. If ''replacement'' consists of a single |
|
|
773 |
`%', then ''replacement'' from the last substitution is |
|
|
774 |
used. Newlines may be embedded in ''replacement'' if they |
|
|
775 |
are escaped with a backslash (). |
|
|
776 |
|
|
|
777 |
|
|
|
778 |
(.,.)s |
|
|
779 |
|
|
|
780 |
|
|
|
781 |
Repeats the last substitution. This form of the ''`s''' |
|
|
782 |
command accepts a count suffix ''`n''', or any |
|
|
783 |
combination of the characters ''`r''', ''`g''', and |
|
|
784 |
''`p'''. If a count suffix ''`n''' is given, then only |
|
|
785 |
the ''n''th match is replaced. The ''`r''' suffix |
|
|
786 |
causes the regular expression of the last search to be used |
|
|
787 |
instead of the that of the last substitution. The ''`g''' |
|
|
788 |
suffix toggles the global suffix of the last substitution. |
|
|
789 |
The ''`p''' suffix toggles the print suffix of the last |
|
|
790 |
substitution. The current address is set to the last line |
|
|
791 |
affected. |
|
|
792 |
|
|
|
793 |
|
|
|
794 |
(.,.)t(.) |
|
|
795 |
|
|
|
796 |
|
|
|
797 |
Copies (i.e., transfers) the addressed lines to after the |
|
|
798 |
right-hand destination address, which may be the address |
|
|
799 |
''0'' (zero). The current address is set to the last line |
|
|
800 |
copied. |
|
|
801 |
|
|
|
802 |
|
|
|
803 |
u |
|
|
804 |
|
|
|
805 |
|
|
|
806 |
Undoes the last command and restores the current address to |
|
|
807 |
what it was before the command. The global commands |
|
|
808 |
''`g''', ''`G''', ''`v''', and ''`V'''. are |
|
|
809 |
treated as a single command by undo. ''`u''' is its own |
|
|
810 |
inverse. |
|
|
811 |
|
|
|
812 |
|
|
|
813 |
(1,$)v''/re/command-list'' |
|
|
814 |
|
|
|
815 |
|
|
|
816 |
Applies ''command-list'' to each of the addressed lines |
|
|
817 |
not matching a regular expression ''re''. This is similar |
|
|
818 |
to the ''`g''' command. |
|
|
819 |
|
|
|
820 |
|
|
|
821 |
(1,$)V''/re/'' |
|
|
822 |
|
|
|
823 |
|
|
|
824 |
Interactively edits the addressed lines not matching a |
|
|
825 |
regular expression ''re.'' This is similar to the |
|
|
826 |
''`G''' command. |
|
|
827 |
|
|
|
828 |
|
|
|
829 |
(1,$)w ''file'' |
|
|
830 |
|
|
|
831 |
|
|
|
832 |
Writes the addressed lines to ''file''. Any previous |
|
|
833 |
contents of ''file'' is lost without warning. If there is |
|
|
834 |
no default filename, then the default filename is set to |
|
|
835 |
''file,'' otherwise it is unchanged. If no filename is |
|
|
836 |
specified, then the default filename is used. The current |
|
|
837 |
address is unchanged. |
|
|
838 |
|
|
|
839 |
|
|
|
840 |
(1,$)wq ''file'' |
|
|
841 |
|
|
|
842 |
|
|
|
843 |
Writes the addressed lines to ''file'', and then executes |
|
|
844 |
a ''`q''' command. |
|
|
845 |
|
|
|
846 |
|
|
|
847 |
(1,$)w !''command'' |
|
|
848 |
|
|
|
849 |
|
|
|
850 |
Writes the addressed lines to the standard input of |
|
|
851 |
''`!command''', (see the !''command'' below). The |
|
|
852 |
default filename and current address are |
|
|
853 |
unchanged. |
|
|
854 |
|
|
|
855 |
|
|
|
856 |
(1,$)W ''file'' |
|
|
857 |
|
|
|
858 |
|
|
|
859 |
Appends the addressed lines to the end of ''file''. This |
|
|
860 |
is similar to the ''`w''' command, expect that the |
|
|
861 |
previous contents of file is not clobbered. The current |
|
|
862 |
address is unchanged. |
|
|
863 |
|
|
|
864 |
|
|
|
865 |
(.)x |
|
|
866 |
|
|
|
867 |
|
|
|
868 |
Copies (puts) the contents of the cut buffer to after the |
|
|
869 |
addressed line. The current address is set to the last line |
|
|
870 |
copied. |
|
|
871 |
|
|
|
872 |
|
|
|
873 |
(.,.)y |
|
|
874 |
|
|
|
875 |
|
|
|
876 |
Copies (yanks) the addressed lines to the cut buffer. The |
|
|
877 |
cut buffer is overwritten by subsequent ''`y''', |
|
|
878 |
''`s''', ''`j''', ''`d''', or ''`c''' commands. |
|
|
879 |
The current address is unchanged. |
|
|
880 |
|
|
|
881 |
|
|
|
882 |
(.+1)z''n'' |
|
|
883 |
|
|
|
884 |
|
|
|
885 |
Scrolls ''n'' lines at a time starting at addressed line. |
|
|
886 |
If ''n'' is not specified, then the current window size |
|
|
887 |
is used. The current address is set to the last line |
|
|
888 |
printed. |
|
|
889 |
|
|
|
890 |
|
|
|
891 |
!''command'' |
|
|
892 |
|
|
|
893 |
|
|
|
894 |
Executes ''command'' via sh(1). If the first |
|
|
895 |
character of ''command'' is `!', then it is replaced by |
|
|
896 |
text of the previous ''`!command'''. __ed__ does not |
|
|
897 |
process ''command'' for backslash () escapes. However, an |
|
|
898 |
unescaped ''`%''' is replaced by the default filename. |
|
|
899 |
When the shell returns from execution, a `!' is printed to |
|
|
900 |
the standard output. The current line is |
|
|
901 |
unchanged. |
|
|
902 |
|
|
|
903 |
|
|
|
904 |
(.,.)# |
|
|
905 |
|
|
|
906 |
|
|
|
907 |
Begins a comment; the rest of the line, up to a newline, is |
|
|
908 |
ignored. If a line address followed by a semicolon is given, |
|
|
909 |
then the current address is set to that address. Otherwise, |
|
|
910 |
the current address is unchanged. |
|
|
911 |
|
|
|
912 |
|
|
|
913 |
($)= |
|
|
914 |
|
|
|
915 |
|
|
|
916 |
Prints the line number of the addressed line. |
|
|
917 |
|
|
|
918 |
|
|
|
919 |
(.+1)newline |
|
|
920 |
|
|
|
921 |
|
|
|
922 |
Prints the addressed line, and sets the current address to |
|
|
923 |
that line. |
|
|
924 |
!!FILES |
|
|
925 |
|
|
|
926 |
|
|
|
927 |
/tmp/ed.* Buffer file |
|
|
928 |
|
|
|
929 |
|
|
|
930 |
ed.hup The file to which __ed__ attempts to write the |
|
|
931 |
buffer if the terminal hangs up. |
|
|
932 |
!!SEE ALSO |
|
|
933 |
|
|
|
934 |
|
|
|
935 |
vi(1), sed(1), regex(3), |
|
|
936 |
sh(1). |
|
|
937 |
|
|
|
938 |
|
|
|
939 |
USD:12-13 |
|
|
940 |
|
|
|
941 |
|
|
|
942 |
B. W. Kernighan and P. J. Plauger, ''Software Tools in |
|
|
943 |
Pascal ,'' Addison-Wesley, 1981. |
|
|
944 |
!!LIMITATIONS |
|
|
945 |
|
|
|
946 |
|
|
|
947 |
__ed__ processes ''file'' arguments for backslash |
|
|
948 |
escapes, i.e., in a filename, any characters preceded by a |
|
|
949 |
backslash () are interpreted literally. |
|
|
950 |
|
|
|
951 |
|
|
|
952 |
If a text (non-binary) file is not terminated by a newline |
|
|
953 |
character, then __ed__ appends one on reading/writing it. |
|
|
954 |
In the case of a binary file, __ed__ does not append a |
|
|
955 |
newline on reading/writing. |
|
|
956 |
|
|
|
957 |
|
|
|
958 |
per line overhead: 4 ints |
|
|
959 |
!!DIAGNOSTICS |
|
|
960 |
|
|
|
961 |
|
|
|
962 |
When an error occurs, if __ed__'s input is from a regular |
|
|
963 |
file or here document, then it exits, otherwise it prints a |
|
|
964 |
`?' and returns to command mode. An explanation of the last |
|
|
965 |
error can be printed with the ''`h''' (help) |
|
|
966 |
command. |
|
|
967 |
|
|
|
968 |
|
|
|
969 |
Attempting to quit __ed__ or edit another file before |
|
|
970 |
writing a modified buffer results in an error. If the |
|
|
971 |
command is entered a second time, it succeeds, but any |
|
|
972 |
changes to the buffer are lost. |
|
|
973 |
|
|
|
974 |
|
|
|
975 |
__ed__ exits with 0 if no errors occurred; otherwise |
|
|
976 |
__ |
|
|
977 |
---- |