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PYTHON !!!PYTHON NAME SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION COMMAND LINE OPTIONS INTERPRETER INTERFACE FILES AND DIRECTORIES ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES SEE ALSO AUTHOR INTERNET RESOURCES COPYRIGHT ---- !!NAME python - an interpreted, interactive, object-oriented programming language !!SYNOPSIS __python__ [[ __-d__ ] [[ __-i__ ] [[ __-O__ ] [[ __-S__ ] [[ __-t__ ] [[ __-u__ ] [[ __-v__ ] [[ __-x__ ] [[ __-X__ ] [[ __-c__ ''command'' | ''script'' | - ] [[ ''arguments'' ] !!DESCRIPTION Python is an interpreted, interactive, object-oriented programming language that combines remarkable power with very clear syntax. For an introduction to programming in Python you are referred to the Python Tutorial. The Python Library Reference documents built-in and standard types, constants, functions and modules. Finally, the Python Reference Manual describes the syntax and semantics of the core language in (perhaps too) much detail. Python's basic power can be extended with your own modules written in C or C++. On most systems such modules may be dynamically loaded. Python is also adaptable as an extension language for existing applications. See the internal documentation for hints. !!COMMAND LINE OPTIONS __-d__ Turn on parser debugging output (for wizards only, depending on compilation options). __-i__ When a script is passed as first argument or the __-c__ option is used, enter interactive mode after executing the script or the command. It does not read the $PYTHONSTARTUP file. This can be useful to inspect global variables or a stack trace when a script raises an exception. __-O__ Turn on basic optimizations. This changes the filename extension for compiled (bytecode) files from ''.pyc'' to ''pyo.'' __-S__ Disable the import of the module ''site'' and the site-dependent manipulations of ''sys.path'' that it entails. __-t__ Issue a warning when a source file mixes tabs and spaces for indentation in a way that makes it depend on the worth of a tab expressed in spaces. Issue an error when the option is given twice. __-u__ Force stdin, stdout and stderr to be totally unbuffered. __-v__ Print a message each time a module is initialized, showing the place (filename or built-in module) from which it is loaded. __-x__ Skip the first line of the source. This is intended for a DOS specific hack only. Warning: the line numbers in error messages will be off by one! __-X__ Make the standard exceptions strings instead of classes. Use for backward compatibility with old code only. __-c__ ''command'' Specify the command to execute (see next section). This terminates the option list (following options are passed as arguments to the command). !!INTERPRETER INTERFACE The interpreter interface resembles that of the UNIX shell: when called with standard input connected to a tty device, it prompts for commands and executes them until an EOF is read; when called with a file name argument or with a file as standard input, it reads and executes a ''script'' from that file; when called with __-c__ ''command,'' it executes the Python statement(s) given as ''command.'' Here ''command'' may contain multiple statements separated by newlines. Leading whitespace is significant in Python statements! In non-interactive mode, the entire input is parsed befored it is executed. If available, the script name and additional arguments thereafter are passed to the script in the Python variable ''sys.argv ,'' which is a list of strings (you must first ''import sys'' to be able to access it). If no script name is given, ''sys.argv'' is empty; if __-c__ is used, ''sys.argv[[0]'' contains the string '''-c'.'' Note that options interpreted by the Python interpreter itself are not placed in ''sys.argv.'' In interactive mode, the primary prompt is ` sys.ps1'' or ''sys.ps2.'' The interpreter quits when it reads an EOF at a prompt. When an unhandled exception occurs, a stack trace is printed and control returns to the primary prompt; in non-interactive mode, the interpreter exits after printing the stack trace. The interrupt signal raises the ''!KeyboardInterrupt'' exception; other UNIX signals are not caught (except that SIGPIPE is sometimes ignored, in favor of the ''IOError'' exception). Error messages are written to stderr. !!FILES AND DIRECTORIES These are subject to difference depending on local installation conventions: /usr/local/bin/python Recommended location of the interpreter. /usr/local/lib/python Recommended location of the directory containing the standard modules. !!ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES PYTHONHOME Change the location of the standard Python libraries. By default, the libraries are searched in PYTHONPATH Augments the default search path for module files. The format is the same as the shell's $PATH: one or more directory pathnames separated by colons. Non-existant directories are silently ignored. The default search path is installation dependent, but generally begins with sys.path .'' PYTHONSTARTUP If this is the name of a readable file, the Python commands in that file are executed before the first prompt is displayed in interactive mode. The file is executed in the same name space where interactive commands are executed so that objects defined or imported in it can be used without qualification in the interactive session. You can also change the prompts ''sys.ps1'' and ''sys.ps2'' in this file. PYTHONDEBUG If this is set to a non-empty string it is equivalent to specifying the __-d__ option. PYTHONINSPECT If this is set to a non-empty string it is equivalent to specifying the __-i__ option. PYTHONUNBUFFERED If this is set to a non-empty string it is equivalent to specifying the __-u__ option. PYTHONVERBOSE If this is set to a non-empty string it is equivalent to specifying the __-v__ option. !!SEE ALSO Python Tutorial Python Library Reference Python Reference Manual !!AUTHOR Guido van Rossum CNRI 1895 Preston White Drive Reston, VA 20191 USA E-mail: guido@cnri.reston.va.us, guido@python.org And a cast of thousands. !!INTERNET RESOURCES Web site: http://www.python.org FTP site: ftp://ftp.python.org Newsgroup: comp.lang.python !!COPYRIGHT Copyright 1991-1995 by Stichting Mathematisch Centrum, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. All Rights Reserved Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in supporting documentation, and that the names of Stichting Mathematisch Centrum or CWI or Corporation for National Research Initiatives or CNRI not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the software without specific, written prior permission. While CWI is the initial source for this software, a modified version is made available by the Corporation for National Research Initiatives (CNRI) at the Internet address ftp://ftp.python.org. STICHTING MATHEMATISCH CENTRUM AND CNRI DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS, IN NO EVENT SHALL STICHTING MATHEMATISCH CENTRUM OR CNRI BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. ----
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