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PERLTOC !!!PERLTOC NAME DESCRIPTION BASIC DOCUMENTATION SYNOPSIS PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION MODULE DOCUMENTATION AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION AUTHOR ---- !!NAME perltoc - perl documentation table of contents !!DESCRIPTION This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped through to locate the proper section you're looking for. !!BASIC DOCUMENTATION __perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION AVAILABILITY ENVIRONMENT AUTHOR FILES SEE ALSO DIAGNOSTICS BUGS NOTES __perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 1999/05/23 20:38:02 $)__ DESCRIPTION perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ . perlfaq1: General Questions About Perl perlfaq2: Obtaining and Learning about Perl perlfaq3: Programming Tools perlfaq4: Data Manipulation perlfaq5: Files and Formats perlfaq6: Regexps perlfaq7: General Perl Language Issues perlfaq8: System Interaction perlfaq9: Networking About the perlfaq documents Where to get the perlfaq How to contribute to the perlfaq What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the authors Credits Author and Copyright Information Bundled Distributions Disclaimer Changes 1/November/2000, 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98, 24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version, Initial Release: 11/March/97 __perlbook - Perl book information__ DESCRIPTION __perlsyn - Perl syntax__ DESCRIPTION Declarations Simple statements Compound statements Loop Control For Loops Foreach Loops Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements Goto PODs: Embedded Documentation Plain Old Comments (Not!) __perldata - Perl data types__ DESCRIPTION Variable names Context Scalar values Scalar value constructors List value constructors Slices Typeglobs and Filehandles SEE ALSO __perlop - Perl operators and precedence__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Terms and List Operators (Leftward) The Arrow Operator Auto-increment and Auto-decrement Exponentiation Symbolic Unary Operators Binding Operators Multiplicative Operators Additive Operators Shift Operators Named Unary Operators Relational Operators Equality Operators Bitwise And Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or C-style Logical And C-style Logical Or Range Operators Conditional Operator Assignment Operators Comma Operator List Operators (Rightward) Logical Not Logical And Logical or and Exclusive Or C Operators Missing From Perl unary TYPE ) Quote and Quote-like Operators Regexp Quote-Like Operators ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, 'STRING', qq/STRING/, `` STRING '', qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/, s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds Gory details of parsing quoted constructs Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation, , m'', s''', tr///, y///, '', q//, , ``, qq//, qx//, , ?RE?, /RE/, m/RE/, s/RE/foo/,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of regular expressions I/O Operators Constant Folding Bitwise String Operators Integer Arithmetic Floating-point Arithmetic Bigger Numbers __perlsub - Perl subroutines__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Private Variables via ''my()'' Persistent Private Variables Temporary Values via ''local()'' Lvalue subroutines Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs) When to Still Use ''local()'' Pass by Reference Prototypes Constant Functions Overriding Built-in Functions Autoloading Subroutine Attributes SEE ALSO __perlfunc - Perl builtin functions__ DESCRIPTION Perl Functions by Category Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching, Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data, Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories, Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted in perl5 Portability Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions ''-X'' FILEHANDLE , ''-X'' EXPR , ''-X'', abs VALUE , abs, accept NEWSOCKET ,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS , alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET ,NAME, binmode FILEHANDLE , DISCIPLINE , binmode FILEHANDLE , bless REF ,CLASSNAME, bless REF , caller EXPR , caller, chdir EXPR , chmod LIST , chomp VARIABLE , chomp LIST , chomp, chop VARIABLE , chop LIST , chop, chown LIST , chr NUMBER , chr, chroot FILENAME , chroot, close FILEHANDLE , close, closedir DIRHANDLE , connect SOCKET ,NAME, continue BLOCK , cos EXPR , cos, crypt PLAINTEXT ,SALT, dbmclose HASH , dbmopen HASH ,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR , defined, delete EXPR , die LIST , do BLOCK , do SUBROUTINE ( LIST ), do EXPR , dump LABEL , dump, each HASH , eof FILEHANDLE , eof (), eof, eval EXPR , eval BLOCK , exec LIST , exec PROGRAM LIST , exists EXPR , exit EXPR , exp EXPR , exp, fcntl FILEHANDLE ,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE , flock FILEHANDLE ,OPERATION, fork, format, formline PICTURE ,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE , getc, getlogin, getpeername SOCKET , getpgrp PID , getppid, getpriority WHICH ,WHO, getpwnam NAME , getgrnam NAME , gethostbyname NAME , getnetbyname NAME , getprotobyname NAME , getpwuid UID , getgrgid GID , getservbyname NAME ,PROTO, gethostbyaddr ADDR ,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR ,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER , getservbyport PORT ,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN , setnetent STAYOPEN , setprotoent STAYOPEN , setservent STAYOPEN , endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET , getsockopt SOCKET ,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR , glob, gmtime EXPR , goto LABEL , goto EXPR , goto BLOCK LIST , grep EXPR ,LIST, hex EXPR , hex, import, index STR ,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR ,SUBSTR, int EXPR , int, ioctl FILEHANDLE ,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR ,LIST, keys HASH , kill SIGNAL , LIST , last LABEL , last, lc EXPR , lc, lcfirst EXPR , lcfirst, length EXPR , length, link OLDFILE ,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET ,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR , localtime EXPR , lock, log EXPR , log, lstat FILEHANDLE , lstat EXPR , lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST , map EXPR ,LIST, mkdir FILENAME ,MASK, mkdir FILENAME , msgctl ID ,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY ,FLAGS, msgrcv ID ,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID ,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR , my EXPR : ATTRIBUTES , next LABEL , next, no Module LIST , oct EXPR , oct, open FILEHANDLE ,MODE,LIST, open FILEHANDLE ,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE , opendir DIRHANDLE ,EXPR, ord EXPR , ord, our EXPR , pack TEMPLATE ,LIST, package NAMESPACE , package, pipe READHANDLE ,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY , pop, pos SCALAR , pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST , print LIST , print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT , LIST , printf FORMAT , LIST , prototype FUNCTION , push ARRAY ,LIST, q/STRING/, qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR , quotemeta, rand EXPR , rand, read FILEHANDLE ,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read FILEHANDLE ,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE , readline EXPR , readlink EXPR , readlink, readpipe EXPR , recv SOCKET ,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL , redo, ref EXPR , ref, rename OLDNAME ,NEWNAME, require VERSION , require EXPR , require, reset EXPR , reset, return EXPR , return, reverse LIST , rewinddir DIRHANDLE , rindex STR ,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR ,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME , rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR , seek FILEHANDLE ,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE ,POS, select FILEHANDLE , select, select RBITS ,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID ,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY ,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY ,OPSTRING, send SOCKET ,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET ,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID ,PGRP, setpriority WHICH ,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET ,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY , shift, shmctl ID ,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY ,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID ,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID ,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET ,HOW, sin EXPR , sin, sleep EXPR , sleep, socket SOCKET ,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair SOCKET1 ,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST , sort BLOCK LIST , sort LIST , splice ARRAY ,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY ,OFFSET,LENGTH, splice ARRAY ,OFFSET, splice ARRAY , split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT , LIST , sqrt EXPR , sqrt, srand EXPR , srand, stat FILEHANDLE , stat EXPR , stat, study SCALAR , study, sub BLOCK , sub NAME , sub NAME BLOCK , substr EXPR ,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR ,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr EXPR ,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE ,NEWFILE, syscall LIST , sysopen FILEHANDLE ,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE ,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread FILEHANDLE ,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE ,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek FILEHANDLE ,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST , system PROGRAM LIST , syswrite FILEHANDLE ,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE ,SCALAR,LENGTH, syswrite FILEHANDLE ,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE , tell, telldir DIRHANDLE , tie VARIABLE ,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE , time, times, tr///, truncate FILEHANDLE ,LENGTH, truncate EXPR ,LENGTH, uc EXPR , uc, ucfirst EXPR , ucfirst, umask EXPR , umask, undef EXPR , undef, unlink LIST , unlink, unpack TEMPLATE ,EXPR, untie VARIABLE , unshift ARRAY ,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST , use Module VERSION , use Module LIST , use Module, use VERSION , utime LIST , values HASH , vec EXPR ,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID ,FLAGS, wantarray, warn LIST , write FILEHANDLE , write EXPR , write, y/// __perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references__ DESCRIPTION Who Needs Complicated Data Structures? The Solution Syntax Making References Using References An Example Arrow Rule Solution The Rest Summary Credits Distribution Conditions __perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook__ DESCRIPTION arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes, more elaborate constructs REFERENCES COMMON MISTAKES CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS use strict DEBUGGING CODE EXAMPLES ARRAYS OF ARRAYS Declaration of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS Generation of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS HASHES OF ARRAYS Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS ARRAYS OF HASHES Declaration of a ARRAY OF HASHES Generation of a ARRAY OF HASHES Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF HASHES HASHES OF HASHES Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES Generation of a HASH OF HASHES Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES MORE ELABORATE RECORDS Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS Database Ties SEE ALSO AUTHOR __perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start__ DESCRIPTION The Guide Simple word matching Using character classes Matching this or that Grouping things and hierarchical matching Extracting matches Matching repetitions More matching Search and replace The split operator BUGS SEE ALSO AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT Acknowledgments __perlpod - plain old documentation__ DESCRIPTION Verbatim Paragraph Command Paragraph Ordinary Block of Text The Intent Embedding Pods in Perl Modules Common Pod Pitfalls SEE ALSO AUTHOR __perlstyle - Perl style guide__ DESCRIPTION __perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary__ DESCRIPTION Awk Traps C Traps Sed Traps Shell Traps Perl Traps Perl4 to Perl5 Traps Discontinuance, Deprecation, and !BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts, Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc, Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps Discontinuance, Deprecation, and !BugFix traps Discontinuance, Deprecation, !BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, !BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, !BugFix, Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance Parsing Traps Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing Numerical Traps Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops General data type traps (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String), (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide) Context Traps - scalar, list contexts (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin) Precedence Traps Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc. Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), ''warn()'' won't let you specify a filehandle OS Traps (SysV), (SysV) Interpolation Traps Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation DBM Traps DBM , DBM Unclassified Traps require/do trap using returned value, split on empty string with LIMIT specified __perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION #! and quoting on non-Unix systems OS/2 , MS-DOS , Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS Location of Perl Command Switches __-0__[[''digits''], __-a__, __-C__, __-c__, __-d__, __-d:__''foo[[=bar,baz]'', __-D__''letters'', __-D__''number'', __-e__ ''commandline'', __-F__''pattern'', __-h__, __-i__[[''extension''], __-I__''directory'', __-l__[[''octnum''], __-m__[[__-__]''module'', __-M__[[__-__]''module'', __-M__[[__-__]'''module ...''', __-[[mM]__[[__-__]''module=arg[[,arg]...'', __-n__, __-p__, __-P__, __-s__, __-S__, __-T__, __-u__, __-U__, __-v__, __-V__, __-V:__''name'', __-w__, __-W__, __-X__, __-x__ ''directory'' ENVIRONMENT HOME , LOGDIR , PATH , PERL5LIB , PERL5OPT , PERLLIB , PERL5DB , PERL5SHELL (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS , PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL , PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port) __perldiag - various Perl diagnostics__ DESCRIPTION __perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings__ DESCRIPTION Default Warnings and Optional Warnings What's wrong with __-w__ and $^W Controlling Warnings from the Command Line __-w__, __-W__, __-X__ Backward Compatibility Category Hierarchy Fatal Warnings Reporting Warnings from a Module TODO SEE ALSO AUTHOR __perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial__ DESCRIPTION use strict Looking at data and -w and w help Stepping through code Placeholder for a, w, t, T REGULAR EXPRESSIONS OUTPUT TIPS CGI GUIs SUMMARY SEE ALSO AUTHOR CONTRIBUTORS __perldebug - Perl debugging__ DESCRIPTION The Perl Debugger Debugger Commands h [[command], p expr, x expr, V [[pkg [[vars]], X [[vars], T, s [[expr], n [[expr], r, CR Configurable Options recallCommand, !ShellBang, pager, tkRunning, signalLevel, warnLevel, dieLevel, !AutoTrace, !LineInfo, inhibit_exit, !PrintRet, ornaments, frame, maxTraceLen, arrayDepth, hashDepth, compactDump, veryCompact, globPrint, DumpDBFiles, !DumpPackages, !DumpReused, quote, !HighBit, undefPrint, !UsageOnly, TTY, noTTY, !ReadLine, !NonStop Debugger input/output Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame listing Debugging compile-time statements Debugger Customization Readline Support Editor Support for Debugging The Perl Profiler Debugging regular expressions Debugging memory usage SEE ALSO BUGS __perlvar - Perl predefined variables__ DESCRIPTION Predefined Names $ARG, $_, $digits''''$MATCH, $$PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $', $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*, input_line_number HANDLE EXPR , $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $, input_record_separator HANDLE EXPR , $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/, autoflush HANDLE EXPR , $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $, output_field_separator HANDLE EXPR , $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,, output_record_separator HANDLE EXPR , $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $ $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#, format_page_number HANDLE EXPR , $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%, format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR , $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=, format_lines_left HANDLE EXPR , $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START, @-, $` is the same as substr($var, 0, $-[[0]), $ is the same as substr($var, $-[[0], $+[[0] - $-[[0]), $' is the same as substr($var, $+[[0]), $1 is the same as substr($var, $-[[1], $+[[1] - $-[[1]), $2 is the same as substr($var, $-[[2], $+[[2] - $-[[2]), $3 is the same as substr $var, $-[[3], $+[[3] - $-[[3]), format_name HANDLE EXPR , $FORMAT_NAME, $~, format_top_name HANDLE EXPR , $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^, format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR , $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, format_formfeed HANDLE EXPR , $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $$EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $ $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S, $BASETIME, $^T, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS}, ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, $ARGV, @ARGV, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr} Error Indicators Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names BUGS __perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl__ DESCRIPTION Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays Growing Your Own Access and Printing Slices SEE ALSO AUTHOR __perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl__ DESCRIPTION Openla shellA Simple Opens Pipe Opens The Minus File Mixing Reads and Writes Filters Open Ala C Permissionsla modeA Obscure Open Tricks Re-Opening Files (dups) Dispelling the Dweomer Paths as Opens Single Argument Open Playing with STDIN and STDOUT Other I/O Issues Opening Non-File Files Binary Files File Locking SEE ALSO AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT HISTORY __perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial__ DESCRIPTION Part 1: The basics Simple word matching Using character classes Matching this or that Grouping things and hierarchical matching Extracting matches Matching repetitions Building a regexp Using regular expressions in Perl Part 2: Power tools More on characters, strings, and character classes Compiling and saving regular expressions Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression Non-capturing groupings Looking ahead and looking behind Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking Conditional expressions A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression Pragmas and debugging BUGS SEE ALSO AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT Acknowledgments __perlre - Perl regular expressions__ DESCRIPTION i, m, s, x Regular Expressions cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit Extended Patterns (?#text), (?imsx-imsx), (?:pattern), (?imsx-imsx:pattern), (?=pattern), (?!pattern), (?, (?, (?{ code }), (??{ code }), (?, (?(condition)yes-patternno-pattern), (?(condition)yes-pattern) Backtracking Version 8 Regular Expressions Warning on 1 vs $1 Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring Combining pieces together ST, ST, S{REPEAT_COUNT}, S{min,max}, S{min,max}?, S?, S*, S+, S??, S*?, S+?, (?, (?=S), (?, (?!S), (?, (??{ EXPR }), (?(condition)yes-patternno-pattern) Creating custom RE engines BUGS SEE ALSO __perlref - Perl references and nested data structures__ NOTE DESCRIPTION Making References Using References Symbolic references Not-so-symbolic references Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash Function Templates WARNING SEE ALSO __perlform - Perl formats__ DESCRIPTION Format Variables NOTES Footers Accessing Formatting Internals WARNINGS __perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial__ DESCRIPTION If we could talk to the animals... Introducing the method invocation arrow Invoking a barnyard The extra parameter of method invocation Calling a second method to simplify things Inheriting the windpipes A few notes about @ISA Overriding the methods Starting the search from a different place The SUPER way of doing things Where we're at so far... A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it? Invoking an instance method Accessing the instance data How to build a horse Inheriting the constructor Making a method work with either classes or instances Adding parameters to a method More interesting instances A horse of a different color Summary SEE ALSO COPYRIGHT __perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl__ DESCRIPTION Creating a Class Object Representation Class Interface Constructors and Instance Methods Planning for the Future: Better Constructors Destructors Other Object Methods Class Data Accessing Class Data Debugging Methods Class Destructors Documenting the Interface Aggregation Inheritance Overridden Methods Multiple Inheritance UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects Alternate Object Representations Arrays as Objects Closures as Objects AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods Autoloaded Data Methods Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods Metaclassical Tools Class::Struct Data Members as Variables NOTES Object Terminology SEE ALSO AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT COPYRIGHT Acknowledgments __perltootc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl__ DESCRIPTION Class Data in a Can Class Data as Package Variables Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket Inheritance Concerns The Eponymous Meta-Object Indirect References to Class Data Monadic Classes Translucent Attributes Class Data as Lexical Variables Privacy and Responsibility File-Scoped Lexicals More Inheritance Concerns Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key Translucency Revisited NOTES SEE ALSO AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS HISTORY __perlobj - Perl objects__ DESCRIPTION An Object is Simply a Reference A Class is Simply a Package A Method is Simply a Subroutine Method Invocation WARNING Default UNIVERSAL methods isa( CLASS ), can( METHOD ), VERSION ( [[ NEED ] ) Destructors Summary Two-Phased Garbage Collection SEE ALSO __perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT )__ DESCRIPTION OO SCALING TIPS INSTANCE VARIABLES SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM THINKING OF CODE REUSE CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR DELEGATION __perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Tying Scalars TIESCALAR classname, LIST , FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this, DESTROY this Tying Arrays TIEARRAY classname, LIST , FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value, FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST , POP this, SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST , SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST , UNTIE this, DESTROY this Tying Hashes USER , HOME , CLOBBER , LIST , TIEHASH classname, LIST , FETCH this, key, STORE this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this Tying !FileHandles TIEHANDLE classname, LIST , WRITE this, LIST , PRINT this, LIST , PRINTF this, LIST , READ this, LIST , READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this, DESTROY this UNTIE this The untie Gotcha SEE ALSO BUGS AUTHOR __perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes, safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)__ DESCRIPTION Signals Named Pipes WARNING Using ''open()'' for IPC Filehandles Background Processes Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent Safe Pipe Opens Bidirectional Communication with Another Process Bidirectional Communication with Yourself Sockets: Client/Server Communication Internet Line Terminators Internet TCP Clients and Servers Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers TCP Clients with IO::Socket A Simple Client Proto, !PeerAddr, !PeerPort A Webget Client Interactive Client with IO::Socket TCP Servers with IO::Socket Proto, !LocalPort, Listen, Reuse UDP: Message Passing SysV IPC NOTES BUGS AUTHOR SEE ALSO __perlfork - Perl's__ ''fork()'' __emulation ( EXPERIMENTAL , subject to change)__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, ''chdir()'' and all other builtins that accept filenames, ''wait()'' and ''waitpid()'', ''kill()'', ''exec()'', ''exit()'', Open handles to files, directories and network sockets Resource limits Killing the parent process Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe ''open()'' not yet implemented, Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger application, Thread-safety of extensions BUGS AUTHOR SEE ALSO __perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Storing numbers Numeric operators and numeric conversions Flavors of Perl numeric operations Arithmetic operators except, no integer, Arithmetic operators except, use integer, Bitwise operators, no integer, Bitwise operators, use integer, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a string AUTHOR SEE ALSO __perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl__ DESCRIPTION What Is A Thread Anyway? Threaded Program Models Boss/Worker Work Crew Pipeline Native threads What kind of threads are perl threads? Threadsafe Modules Thread Basics Basic Thread Support Creating Threads Giving up control Waiting For A Thread To Exit Errors In Threads Ignoring A Thread Threads And Data Shared And Unshared Data Thread Pitfall: Races Controlling access: ''lock()'' Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks Queues: Passing Data Around Threads And Code Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines Subroutine Locks Methods Locking A Subroutine General Thread Utility Routines What Thread Am I In? Thread IDs Are These Threads The Same? What Threads Are Running? A Complete Example Conclusion Bibliography Introductory Texts OS-Related References Other References Acknowledgements AUTHOR Copyrights __perlport - Writing portable Perl__ DESCRIPTION Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already ''is'' portable ISSUES Newlines Numbers endianness and Width Files and Filesystems System Interaction Interprocess Communication ( IPC ) External Subroutines ( XS ) Standard Modules Time and Date Character sets and character encoding Internationalisation System Resources Security Style CPAN Testers Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results: http://testers.cpan.org/ PLATFORMS Unix DOS and Derivatives Mac OS VMS VOS EBCDIC Platforms Acorn RISC OS Other perls FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions -''X'' FILEHANDLE , -''X'' EXPR , -''X'', alarm SECONDS , alarm, binmode FILEHANDLE , chmod LIST , chown LIST , chroot FILENAME , chroot, crypt PLAINTEXT ,SALT, dbmclose HASH , dbmopen HASH ,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL , exec LIST , fcntl FILEHANDLE ,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock FILEHANDLE ,OPERATION, fork, getlogin, getpgrp PID , getppid, getpriority WHICH ,WHO, getpwnam NAME , getgrnam NAME , getnetbyname NAME , getpwuid UID , getgrgid GID , getnetbyaddr ADDR ,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER , getservbyport PORT ,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN , setnetent STAYOPEN , setprotoent STAYOPEN , setservent STAYOPEN , endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET ,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR , glob, ioctl FILEHANDLE ,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL , LIST , link OLDFILE ,NEWFILE, lstat FILEHANDLE , lstat EXPR , lstat, msgctl ID ,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY ,FLAGS, msgsnd ID ,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID ,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE ,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE , pipe READHANDLE ,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR , readlink, select RBITS ,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID ,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY ,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY ,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID ,PGRP, setpriority WHICH ,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt SOCKET ,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID ,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY ,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID ,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID ,STRING,POS,SIZE, socketpair SOCKET1 ,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE , stat EXPR , stat, symlink OLDFILE ,NEWFILE, syscall LIST , sysopen FILEHANDLE ,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST , times, truncate FILEHANDLE ,LENGTH, truncate EXPR ,LENGTH, umask EXPR , umask, utime LIST , wait, waitpid PID ,FLAGS CHANGES v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000, v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998, v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998 Supported Platforms SEE ALSO AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS VERSION __perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and localization)__ DESCRIPTION PREPARING TO USE LOCALES USING LOCALES The use locale pragma The setlocale function Finding locales LOCALE PROBLEMS Temporarily fixing locale problems Permanently fixing locale problems Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration Fixing system locale configuration The localeconv function LOCALE CATEGORIES Category LC_COLLATE: Collation Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts LC_TIME Other categories SECURITY ENVIRONMENT PERL_BADLANG , LC_ALL , LANGUAGE , LC_CTYPE , LC_COLLATE , LC_MONETARY , LC_NUMERIC , LC_TIME , LANG NOTES Backward compatibility I18N:Collate obsolete Sort speed and memory use impacts ''write()'' and LC_NUMERIC Freely available locale definitions I18n and l10n An imperfect standard BUGS Broken systems SEE ALSO HISTORY __perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl ( EXPERIMENTAL , subject to change)__ DESCRIPTION Important Caveat Input and Output Disciplines, Regular Expressions, use utf8 still needed to enable a few features Byte and Character semantics Effects of character semantics Character encodings for input and output CAVEATS SEE ALSO __perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms__ DESCRIPTION COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS ASCII ISO 8859 Latin 1 ( ISO 8859-1) EBCDIC 13 variant characters 0037 1047 POSIX-BC SINGLE OCTET TABLES recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4 IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS CONVERSIONS tr/// iconv C RTL OPERATOR DIFFERENCES FUNCTION DIFFERENCES ''chr()'', ''ord()'', ''pack()'', ''print()'', ''printf()'', ''sort()'', ''sprintf()'', ''unpack()'' REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES SOCKETS SORTING Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences. MONO CASE then sort data. Convert, sort data, then re convert. Perform sorting on one type of machine only. TRANFORMATION FORMATS URL decoding and encoding uu encoding and decoding Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding Caesarian cyphers Hashing order and checksums I18N AND L10N MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS OS ISSUES OS/400 IFS access OS/390 chcp, dataset access, OS/390 iconv, locales VM/ESA ? POSIX-BC ? BUGS SEE ALSO REFERENCES AUTHOR __perlsec - Perl security__ DESCRIPTION Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data Switches On the ``#!'' Line Cleaning Up Your Path Security Bugs Protecting Your Programs SEE ALSO __perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)__ DESCRIPTION Packages Symbol Tables Package Constructors and Destructors Perl Classes Perl Modules SEE ALSO __perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones__ DESCRIPTION THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY Pragmatic Modules attributes, attrs, autouse, base, blib, bytes, charnames, constant, diagnostics, fields, filetest, integer, less, lib, locale, open, ops, overload, re, sigtrap, strict, subs, utf8, vars, warnings, warnings::register Standard Modules AnyDBM_File, !AutoLoader, !AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, !ByteLoader, CGI , CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp, CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util, CPAN , CPAN::!FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::Struct, Cwd, DB , DB_File, Devel::!SelfStubber, !DirHandle, Dumpvalue, English, Env, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy, !ExtUtils::Command, !ExtUtils::Embed, !ExtUtils::Install, !ExtUtils::Installed, !ExtUtils::Liblist, !ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, !ExtUtils::MM_OS2, !ExtUtils::MM_Unix, !ExtUtils::MM_VMS, !ExtUtils::MM_Win32, !ExtUtils::!MakeMaker, !ExtUtils::Manifest, !ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, !ExtUtils::Mksymlists, !ExtUtils::Packlist, !ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename, File::!CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::!DosGlob, File::Find, File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Epoc, File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, !FileCache, !FileHandle, !FindBin, GDBM_File, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, I18N::Collate, IO , IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, Math::!BigFloat, Math::!BigInt, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Net::Ping, Net::hostent, Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, Opcode, POSIX , Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Html, Pod::!InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::!ParseUtils, Pod::Parser, Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Overstrike, Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, !SelectSaver, !SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Symbol, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, Term::Complete, Term::!ReadLine, Test, Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev, Text::!ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Thread, Thread::Queue, Thread::Semaphore, Thread::Signal, Thread::Specific, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::!RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::!SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL , User::grent, User::pwent, Win32 Extension Modules CPAN Africa Asia Central America Europe North America Oceania South America Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse Guidelines for Module Creation Adding a Copyright Notice Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules Guidelines for Reusing Application Code NOTE __perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules__ DESCRIPTION PREAMBLE __DECOMPRESS__ the file, __UNPACK__ the file into a directory, __BUILD__ the module (sometimes unnecessary), __INSTALL__ the module PORTABILITY HEY AUTHOR COPYRIGHT __perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution__ DESCRIPTION Warning What should I make into a module? Step-by-step: Preparing the ground Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again Step-by-step: Making the module Start with ''h2xs'', Use strict and warnings, Use Carp, Use Exporter - wisely!, Use plain old documentation, Write tests, Write the README Step-by-step: Distributing your module Get a CPAN user ID , perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist, Upload the tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs! AUTHOR SEE ALSO __perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.23 $,__ $Date: __1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)__ DESCRIPTION What is Perl? Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free? Which version of Perl should I use? What are perl4 and perl5? What is perl6? How stable is Perl? Is Perl difficult to learn? How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX , Scheme, or Tcl? Can I do [[task] in Perl? When shouldn't I program in Perl? What's the difference between ``perl'' and ``Perl''? Is it a Perl program or a Perl script? What is a JAPH ? Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms? How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version 5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language? AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT __perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.32 $,__ $Date: __1999/10/14 18:46:09 $)__ DESCRIPTION What machines support Perl? Where do I get it? How can I get a binary version of Perl? I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl? I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts don't work. I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work? What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN ? What does CPAN/src/... mean? Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl? Where can I get information on Perl? What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions? Where should I post source code? Perl Books References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics Perl in Magazines Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access What mailing lists are there for Perl? Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl? Where do I send bug reports? What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT __perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.38 $,__ $Date: __1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)__ DESCRIPTION How do I do (anything)? How can I use Perl interactively? Is there a Perl shell? How do I debug my Perl programs? How do I profile my Perl programs? How do I cross-reference my Perl programs? Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl? Is there a ctags for Perl? Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor? CodeMagicCD, Komodo, The Object System, !PerlBuilder, Perl code magic, visiPerl+, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright, !MultiEdit, !SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha Where can I get Perl macros for vi? Where can I get perl-mode for emacs? How can I use curses with Perl? How can I use X or Tk with Perl? How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk? What is undump? How can I make my Perl program run faster? How can I make my Perl program take less memory? Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data? How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks? How can I make my CGI script more efficient? How can I hide the source for my Perl program? How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C? How can I compile Perl into Java? How can I get #!perl to work on [[ MS-DOS ,NT,...]? Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line? Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system? Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl? Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming? Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [[h2xs, xsubpp] I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in my C program; what am I doing wrong? When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it mean? What's !MakeMaker? AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT __perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.49 $,__ $Date: __1999/05/23 20:37:49 $)__ DESCRIPTION Data: Numbers Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)? Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly? Does Perl have a ''round()'' function? What about ''ceil()'' and ''floor()''? Trig functions? How do I convert bits into ints? Why doesn't How do I multiply matrices? How do I perform an operation on a series of integers? How can I output Roman numerals? Why aren't my random numbers random? Data: Dates How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year? How do I find the current century or millennium? How can I compare two dates and find the difference? How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds? How can I find the Julian Day? How do I find yesterday's date? Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant? Data: Strings How do I validate input? How do I unescape a string? How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters? How do I expand function calls in a string? How do I find matching/nesting anything? How do I reverse a string? How do I expand tabs in a string? How do I reformat a paragraph? How can I access/change the first N letters of a string? How do I change the Nth occurrence of something? How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a string? How do I capitalize all the words on one line? How can I split a [[character] delimited string except when inside [[character]? (Comma-separated files) How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string? How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes? How do I extract selected columns from a string? How do I find the soundex value of a string? How can I expand variables in text strings? What's wrong with always quoting ``$vars''? Why don't my HERE documents work? 1. There must be no space after the Data: Arrays What is the difference between a list and an array? What is the difference between $array[[1] and @array[[1]? How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array? a), b), c), d), e) How can I tell whether a list or array contains a certain element? How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the intersection of two arrays? How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal? How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true? How do I handle linked lists? How do I handle circular lists? How do I shuffle an array randomly? How do I process/modify each element of an array? How do I select a random element from an array? How do I permute N elements of a list? How do I sort an array by (anything)? How do I manipulate arrays of bits? Why does ''defined()'' return true on empty arrays and hashes? Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays) How do I process an entire hash? What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over it? How do I look up a hash element by value? How can I know how many entries are in a hash? How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)? How can I always keep my hash sorted? What's the difference between ``delete'' and ``undef'' with hashes? Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction? How do I reset an ''each()'' operation part-way through? How can I get the unique keys from two hashes? How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file? How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it? Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create it? How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C ++ class/hash or array of hashes or arrays? How can I use a reference as a hash key? Data: Misc How do I handle binary data correctly? How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float? How do I keep persistent data across program calls? How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure? How do I define methods for every class/object? How do I verify a credit card checksum? How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code? AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT __perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.38 $,__ $Date: __1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)__ DESCRIPTION How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this? How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file? How do I count the number of lines in a file? How do I make a temporary file name? How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files? How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles? How can I use a filehandle indirectly? How can I set up a footer format to be used with ''write()''? How can I ''write()'' into a string? How can I output my numbers with commas added? How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename? How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out? Why do I sometimes get an ``Argument list too long'' when I use Is there a leak/bug in ''glob()''? How can I open a file with a leading `` How can I reliably rename a file? How can I lock a file? Why can't I just open( FH , `` I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in the file. How can I do this? How do I randomly update a binary file? How do I get a file's timestamp in perl? How do I set a file's timestamp in perl? How do I print to more than one file at once? How can I read in an entire file all at once? How can I read in a file by paragraphs? How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard? How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle? How do I do a tail -f in perl? How do I ''dup()'' a filehandle in Perl? How do I close a file descriptor by number? Why can't I use ``C:tempfoo'' in DOS paths? What doesn't `C:tempfoo.exe` work? Why doesn't glob(``*.*'') get all the files? Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does -i clobber protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl? How do I select a random line from a file? Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines? AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT __perlfaq6 - Regexes ($Revision: 1.27 $,__ $Date: __1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)__ DESCRIPTION How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible and unmaintainable code? Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong? How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on different lines? I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong? How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving case on the RHS ? How can I make w match national character sets? How can I match a locale-smart version of /[[a-zA-Z]/? How can I quote a variable to use in a regex? What is /o really for? How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a file? Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text? What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it? How do I process each word on each line? How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary? How can I do approximate matching? How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once? Why don't word-boundary searches with b work for me? Why does using $ What good is G in a regular expression? Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant? What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context? How can I match strings with multibyte characters? How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user? AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT __perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.28 $,__ $Date: __1999/05/23 20:36:18 $)__ DESCRIPTION Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language? What are all these $@% Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and commas? How do I skip some return values? How do I temporarily block warnings? What's an extension? Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators? How do I declare/create a structure? How do I create a module? How do I create a class? How can I tell if a variable is tainted? What's a closure? What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it? How can I pass/return a {Function, !FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method, Regex}? Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes, Passing Methods How do I create a static variable? What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping? Between ''local()'' and ''my()''? How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical is in scope? What's the difference between deep and shallow binding? Why doesn't ``my($foo) = FILE How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method? What's the difference between calling a function as foo()''? How do I create a switch or case statement? How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods? Why can't a method included in this same file be found? How can I find out my current package? How can I comment out a large block of perl code? How do I clear a package? How can I use a variable as a variable name? AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT __perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.39 $,__ $Date: __1999/05/23 18:37:57 $)__ DESCRIPTION How do I find out which operating system I'm running under? How come ''exec()'' doesn't return? How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse? Keyboard, Screen, Mouse How do I print something out in color? How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key? How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard? How do I clear the screen? How do I get the screen size? How do I ask the user for a password? How do I read and write the serial port? lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input How do I decode encrypted password files? How do I start a process in the background? STDIN , STDOUT , and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies How do I trap control characters/signals? How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system? How do I set the time and date? How can I ''sleep()'' or ''alarm()'' for under a second? How can I measure time under a second? How can I do an ''atexit()'' or ''setjmp()''/''longjmp()''? (Exception handling) Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What does the error message ``Protocol not supported'' mean? How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl? Where do I get the include files to do ''ioctl()'' or ''syscall()''? Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems? How can I open a pipe both to and from a command? Why can't I get the output of a command with ''system()''? How can I capture STDERR from an external command? Why doesn't ''open()'' return an error when a pipe open fails? What's wrong with using backticks in a void context? How can I call backticks without shell processing? Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix, ^Z on MS-DOS )? How can I convert my shell script to perl? Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session? How can I write expect in Perl? Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as ``ps''? I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my changes to be visible? Unix How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to complete? How do I fork a daemon process? How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not? How do I timeout a slow event? How do I set CPU limits? How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system? How do I use an SQL database? How do I make a ''system()'' exit on control-C? How do I open a file without blocking? How do I install a module from CPAN ? What's the difference between require and use? How do I keep my own module/library directory? How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library search path? How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime? What is socket.ph and where do I get it? AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT __perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.26 $,__ $Date: __1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)__ DESCRIPTION My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500 Server Error) How can I get better error messages from a CGI program? How do I remove HTML from a string? How do I extract URLs? How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a file on another machine? How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML ? How do I fetch an HTML file? How do I automate an HTML form submission? How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web? How do I redirect to another page? How do I put a password on my web pages? How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl? How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my CGI script to do bad things? How do I parse a mail header? How do I decode a CGI form? How do I check a valid mail address? How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string? How do I return the user's mail address? How do I send mail? How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message? How do I read mail? How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address? How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups? How do I fetch/put an FTP file? How can I do RPC in Perl? AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT __perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator__ DESCRIPTION Layout B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref Using The Back Ends The Cross Referencing Back End i, The Decompiling Back End The Lint Back End The Simple C Back End The Bytecode Back End The Optimized C Back End B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref KNOWN PROBLEMS AUTHOR __perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program__ DESCRIPTION PREAMBLE __Use C from Perl?__, __Use a Unix program from Perl?__, __Use Perl from Perl?__, __Use C from C?__, __Use Perl from C?__ ROADMAP Compiling your C program Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program Maintaining a persistent interpreter Maintaining multiple interpreter instances Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C program Embedding Perl under Win32 MORAL AUTHOR COPYRIGHT __perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging__ DESCRIPTION Debugger Internals Writing Your Own Debugger Frame Listing Output Examples Debugging regular expressions Compile-time output anchored ''STRING'' at ''POS'' , floating ''STRING'' at ''POS1 ..POS2'', matching floating/anchored, minlen, stclass ''TYPE'' , noscan, isall, GPOS, plus, implicit, with eval, anchored(TYPE) Types of nodes Run-time output Debugging Perl memory usage Using $ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS} buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX), Free/Used, Total sbrk(): SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS, pad: 0, heads: 2192, chain: 0, tail: 6144 Example of using __-DL__ switch 717, 002, 054, 602, 702, 704 __-DL__ details !!!, !!, ! Limitations of __-DL__ statistics SEE ALSO __perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs__ DESCRIPTION SPECIAL NOTES make Version caveat Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading TUTORIAL EXAMPLE 1 EXAMPLE 2 What has gone on? Writing good test scripts EXAMPLE 3 What's new here? Input and Output Parameters The XSUBPP Program The TYPEMAP file Warning about Output Arguments EXAMPLE 4 What has happened here? Anatomy of .xs file Getting the fat out of XSUBs More about XSUB arguments The Argument Stack Extending your Extension Documenting your Extension Installing your Extension EXAMPLE 5 New Things in this Example EXAMPLE 6 New Things in this Example EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon) EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon) EXAMPLE 9 (Coming Soon) Troubleshooting these Examples See also Author Last Changed __perlxs - XS language reference manual__ DESCRIPTION Introduction On The Road The Anatomy of an XSUB The Argument Stack The RETVAL Variable The MODULE Keyword The PACKAGE Keyword The PREFIX Keyword The OUTPUT: Keyword The NO_OUTPUT Keyword The CODE: Keyword The INIT: Keyword The NO_INIT Keyword Initializing Function Parameters Default Parameter Values The PREINIT: Keyword The SCOPE: Keyword The INPUT: Keyword The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords Variable-length Parameter Lists The C_ARGS: Keyword The PPCODE: Keyword Returning Undef And Empty Lists The REQUIRE: Keyword The CLEANUP: Keyword The POST_CALL: Keyword The BOOT: Keyword The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword The PROTOTYPES: Keyword The PROTOTYPE: Keyword The ALIAS: Keyword The INTERFACE: Keyword The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword The INCLUDE: Keyword The CASE: Keyword The Inserting POD , Comments and C Preprocessor Directives Using XS With C ++ Interface Strategy Perl Objects And C Structures The Typemap EXAMPLES XS VERSION AUTHOR __perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions__ DESCRIPTION Conventions t, p, n, s File Operations File Input and Output File Positioning Memory Management and String Handling Character Class Tests ''stdlib.h'' functions Miscellaneous functions SEE ALSO __perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API__ DESCRIPTION Variables Datatypes What is an `` IV ''? Working with SVs Offsets What's Really Stored in an SV ? Working with AVs Working with HVs Hash API Extensions References Blessed References and Class Objects Creating New Variables Reference Counts and Mortality Stashes and Globs Double-Typed SVs Magic Variables Assigning Magic Magic Virtual Tables Finding Magic Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays Localizing changes SAVEINT(int i), SAVEIV(IV i), SAVEI32(I32 i), SAVELONG(long i), SAVESPTR(s), SAVEPPTR(p), SAVEFREESV(SV *sv), SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV *sv), SAVEFREEOP(OP *op), SAVEFREEPV(p), SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv), SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length), SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p), SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p), SAVESTACK_POS(), SV* save_scalar(GV *gv), AV* save_ary(GV *gv), HV* save_hash(GV *gv), void save_item(SV *item), void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg), SV* save_svref(SV **sptr), void save_aptr(AV **aptr), void save_hptr(HV **hptr) Subroutines XSUBs and the Argument Stack Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs Memory Allocation PerlIO Putting a C value on Perl stack Scratchpads Scratchpads and recursion Compiled code Code tree Examining the tree Compile pass 1: check routines Compile pass 1a: constant folding Compile pass 2: context propagation Compile pass 3: peephole optimization Examining internal data structures with the dump functions How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT So what happened to dTHR? How do I use all this in extensions? Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads? Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS Internal Functions A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, j, x Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer Source Documentation Unicode Support What __is__ Unicode, anyway? How can I recognise a UTF8 string? How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters? How does Perl store UTF8 strings? How do I convert a string to UTF8 ? Is there anything else I need to know? AUTHORS SEE ALSO __perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C__ DESCRIPTION An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv FLAG VALUES G_VOID G_SCALAR G_ARRAY G_DISCARD G_NOARGS G_EVAL G_KEEPERR Determining the Context KNOWN PROBLEMS EXAMPLES No Parameters, Nothing returned Passing Parameters Returning a Scalar Returning a list of values Returning a list in a scalar context Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list Using G_EVAL Using G_KEEPERR Using call_sv Using call_argv Using call_method Using GIMME_V Using Perl to dispose of temporaries Strategies for storing Callback Context Information 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl callback Alternate Stack Manipulation Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C SEE ALSO AUTHOR DATE __perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution__ DESCRIPTION DOCUMENTATION perldoc, pod2man and pod2text, pod2html and pod2latex, pod2usage, podselect, podchecker, splain, roffitall CONVERTORS a2p, s2p, find2perl Development perlbug, h2ph, c2ph and pstruct, h2xs, dprofpp, perlcc SEE ALSO __perlfilter - Source Filters__ DESCRIPTION CONCEPTS USING FILTERS WRITING A SOURCE FILTER WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C __Decryption Filters__ CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER CONCLUSION REQUIREMENTS AUTHOR Copyrights __perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION __filter_store_key__, __filter_store_value__, __filter_fetch_key__, __filter_fetch_value__ The Filter An Example -- the NULL termination problem. Another Example -- Key is a C int. SEE ALSO AUTHOR __perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API__ DESCRIPTION AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill, av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift, bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, call_argv, call_method, call_pv, call_sv, CLASS , Copy, croak, CvSTASH, dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, dXSARGS, dXSI32, ENTER , eval_pv, eval_sv, EXTEND , fbm_compile, fbm_instr, FREETMPS , get_av, get_cv, get_hv, get_sv, GIMME , GIMME_V , GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string, items, ix, LEAVE , looks_like_number, MARK , mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set, Move, New, newAV, Newc, newCONSTSUB, newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, NEWSV , newSViv, newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVrv, newSVsv, newSVuv, newXS, newXSproto, Newz, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv, ORIGMARK , perl_alloc, perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run, PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK , PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu, PUTBACK , Renew, Renewc, require_pv, RETVAL , Safefree, savepv, savepvn, SAVETMPS , SP , SPAGAIN , ST , strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, !StructCopy, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGETMAGIC, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV, SvIOK_UV, SvIV, SvIVX, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVX, SvPV_force, SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSTASH, SvTAINT, SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, svtype, SvTYPE, SVt_IV, SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SvUPGRADE, SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVX, sv_2mortal, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear, sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_dec, sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_free, sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert, sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_len, sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_reftype, sv_replace, sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn, sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, sv_true, sv_unmagic, sv_unref, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg, sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode, sv_utf8_upgrade, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn, THIS , toLOWER, toUPPER, utf8_distance, utf8_hop, utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes, utf8_to_uv, utf8_to_uv_simple, uv_to_utf8, warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XS , XSRETURN , XSRETURN_EMPTY , XSRETURN_IV , XSRETURN_NO , XSRETURN_NV , XSRETURN_PV , XSRETURN_UNDEF , XSRETURN_YES , XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION , XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK , Zero AUTHORS SEE ALSO __perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely internal Perl functions__ DESCRIPTION is_gv_magical, LVRET , PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn, PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv, PL_rs AUTHORS SEE ALSO __perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION __PerlIO *__, ''PerlIO_stdin()'', ''PerlIO_stdout()'', ''PerlIO_stderr()'', __PerlIO_open(path, mode)__, __PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)__, __PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)__, __PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)__, __PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)__, __PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)__, __PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)__, __PerlIO_close(f)__, __PerlIO_puts(f,s)__, __PerlIO_putc(f,c)__, __PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)__, __PerlIO_getc(f)__, __PerlIO_eof(f)__, __PerlIO_error(f)__, __PerlIO_fileno(f)__, __PerlIO_clearerr(f)__, __PerlIO_flush(f)__, __PerlIO_tell(f)__, __PerlIO_seek(f,o,w)__, __PerlIO_getpos(f,p)__, __PerlIO_setpos(f,p)__, __PerlIO_rewind(f)__, ''PerlIO_tmpfile()'' Co-existence with stdio __PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags)__, __PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags)__, __PerlIO_findFILE(f)__, __PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)__, __PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)__, __PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)__, __PerlIO_get_ptr(f)__, __PerlIO_get_cnt(f)__, __PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)__, __PerlIO_fast_gets(f)__, __PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)__, __PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)__, __PerlIO_has_base(f)__, __PerlIO_get_base(f)__, __PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)__ __perltodo - Perl TO-DO List__ DESCRIPTION Infrastructure Mailing list archives Bug tracking system Regression Tests Coverage, Regression, __DIE__, suidperl, The 25% slowdown from perl4 to perl5 Configure Install HTML Perl Language 64-bit Perl Prototypes Named prototypes, Indirect objects, Method calls, Context, Scoped subs Perl Internals magic_setisa Garbage Collection Reliable signals Alternate ''runops()'' for signal despatch, Figure out how to ''die()'' in delayed sighandler, Add tests for Thread::Signal, Automatic tests against CPAN Interpolated regex performance bugs Memory leaks from failed eval/regcomp Make XS easier to use Make embedded Perl easier to use Namespace cleanup MULTIPLICITY !MacPerl Documentation A clear division into tutorial and reference Remove the artificial distinction between operators and functions More tutorials Regular expressions, I/O, pack/unpack, Debugging Include a search tool Include a locate tool Separate function manpages by default Users can't find the manpages Install ALL Documentation Outstanding issues to be documented Adapt www.linuxhq.com for Perl Replace man with a perl program Unicode tutorial Modules Update the POSIX extension to conform with the POSIX 1003.1 Edition 2 Module versions New modules Profiler Tie Modules !VecArray, !SubstrArray, !VirtualArray, !ShiftSplice Procedural options RPC y2k localtime/gmtime Export File::Find variables Ioctl Debugger attach/detach Regular Expression debugger Alternative RE Syntax Bundled modules Expect GUI::Native Update semibroken auxiliary tools; h2ph, a2p, etc. pod2html Podchecker Tom's Wishes Webperl Mobile agents POSIX on non-POSIX Portable installations Win32 Stuff Rename new headers to be consistent with the rest Sort out the ''spawnvp()'' mess Work out DLL versioning Style-check Would be nice to have pack , Contiguous bitfields in pack/unpack, lexperl, Bundled perl preprocessor, Use posix calls internally where possible, format BOTTOM , -i rename file only when successfully changed, All ARGV input should act like HANDLE [[formats], support in perlmain to rerun debugger, lvalue functions Possible pragmas 'less' Optimizations constant function cache foreach(reverse...) Cache eval tree rcatmaybe Shrink opcode tables Cache hash value Optimize away @_ where possible Optimize sort by { $a $b } Rewrite regexp parser for better integrated optimization Vague possibilities ref function in list context, make tr/// return histogram in list context?, Loop control on do{} et al, Explicit switch statements, compile to real threaded code, structured types, Modifiable $1 et al To Do Or Not To Do Making ''my()'' work on ``package'' variables ``or'' testing defined not truth ``dynamic'' lexicals ``class''-based, rather than package-based ``lexicals'' Threading Modules Testing $AUTOLOAD exit/die External threads Thread::Pool thread-safety Per-thread GVs Compiler Optimization Byteperl Precompiled modules Executables Typed lexicals Win32 END blocks _AUTOLOAD comppadlist Cached compilation Recently Finished Tasks Figure a way out of $^(capital letter) Filenames Foreign lines Namespace cleanup ISA .pm gettimeofday autocroak? __perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals__ DESCRIPTION Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is there enough documentation?, Is there another way to do it?, Does it create too much work?, Patches speak louder than words Keeping in sync rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN , Using pushing over the NFS , rsync'ing the patches Why rsync the source tree It's easier, It's more recent, It's more reliable Why rsync the patches It's easier, It's a good reference, Finding a start point, Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour Submitting patches perlguts, perlxstut and perlxs, perlapi, ''Porting/pumpkin.pod'', The perl5-porters FAQ Finding Your Way Around Core modules, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter Elements of the interpreter Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running Internal Variable Types Op Trees Stacks Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack Millions of Macros Poking at Perl Using a source-level debugger run [[args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue, finish, 'enter', print Dumping Perl Data Structures Patching EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL Rational Software's Purify Purify on Unix -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity Purify on NT DEFINES , USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug CONCLUSION ''The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.'' AUTHOR __perlhist - the Perl history records__ DESCRIPTION INTRODUCTION THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN PUMPKIN ? THE RECORDS SELECTED RELEASE SIZES SELECTED PATCH SIZES THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS __perldelta - what's new for perl v5.6__ DESCRIPTION Summary of changes between 5.6.0 and 5.6.1 Security Issues Core bug fixes UNIVERSAL::isa(), Memory leaks, Numeric conversions, qw(a\b), ''caller()'', Bugs in regular expressions, ``slurp'' mode, Autovivification of symbolic references to special variables, Lexical warnings, Spurious warnings and errors, ''glob()'', Tainting, ''sort()'', #line directives, Subroutine prototypes, ''map()'', Debugger, Locales, PERL5OPT , ''chop()'', Unicode support, 64-bit support, Compiler, Lvalue subroutines, IO::Socket, File::Find, xsubpp, no Module;, Tests Core features Configuration issues Documentation Bundled modules B::Concise, File::Temp, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Text::Overstrike, CGI , CPAN , Class::Struct, DB_File, Devel::Peek, File::Find, Getopt::Long, IO::Poll, IPC::Open3, Math::!BigFloat, Math::Complex, Net::Ping, Opcode, Pod::Parser, Pod::Text, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Tie::!RefHash, Tie::!SubstrHash Platform-specific improvements NCR MP-RAS , !NonStop-UX Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency Lexically scoped warning categories Unicode and UTF-8 support Support for interpolating named characters ``our'' declarations Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals Improved Perl version numbering system New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes File and directory handles can be autovivified ''open()'' with more than two arguments 64-bit support Large file support Long doubles ``more bits'' Enhanced support for ''sort()'' subroutines sort $coderef @foo allowed File globbing implemented internally Support for CHECK blocks POSIX character class syntax [[: :] supported Better pseudo-random number generator Improved qw// operator Better worst-case behavior of hashes ''pack()'' format 'Z' supported ''pack()'' format modifier '!' supported ''pack()'' and ''unpack()'' support counted strings Comments in ''pack()'' templates Weak references Binary numbers supported Lvalue subroutines Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues ''exists()'' is supported on subroutine names ''exists()'' and ''delete()'' are supported on array elements Pseudo-hashes work better Automatic flushing of output buffers Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle ''eof()'' has the same old magic as '' ''binmode()'' can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes -T filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as ``text'' ''system()'', backticks and pipe open now reflect ''exec()'' failure Improved diagnostics Diagnostics follow STDERR More consistent close-on-exec behavior ''syswrite()'' ease-of-use Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators Bit operators support full native integer width Improved security features More functional bareword prototype (*) require and do may be overridden $^X variables may now have names longer than one character New variable $^C reflects -c switch New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string Optional Y2K warnings Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings Modules and Pragmata Modules attributes, B, Benchmark, !ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper, DB , DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, !DynaLoader, English, Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec, File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO , JPL , lib, Math::!BigInt, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::!InputObjects, Pod::Checker, podchecker, Pod::!ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage, pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname, Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters Pragmata Utility Changes dprofpp find2perl h2xs perlcc perldoc The Perl Debugger Improved Documentation perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod, perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod, perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod, perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod Performance enhancements Simple ''sort()'' using { $a $b } and the like are optimized Optimized assignments to lexical variables Faster subroutine calls ''delete()'', ''each()'', ''values()'' and hash iteration are faster Installation and Configuration Improvements -Dusethreads means something different New Configure flags Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring Long Doubles -Dusemorebits -Duselargefiles installusrbinperl SOCKS support -A flag Enhanced Installation Directories gcc automatically tried if 'cc' does not seem to be working Platform specific changes Supported platforms DOS OS390 (!OpenEdition MVS ) VMS Win32 Significant bug fixes HANDLE eval '...' improvements All compilation errors are true errors Implicitly closed filehandles are safer Behavior of list slices is more consistent ($) prototype and $foo{a} goto and AUTOLOAD -bareword allowed under use integer Failures in ''DESTROY ()'' Locale bugs fixed Memory leaks Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls Taint failures under -U END blocks and the -c switch Potential to leak DATA filehandles New or Changed Diagnostics ``%s'' variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, ``my sub'' not yet implemented, ``our'' variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s, / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \%c in character class passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as ``%s'', %s() called too early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word: %s, (in cleanup) %s, realloc()'' ignored, Bareword found in conditional, Binary number ''%s, Can't check filesystem of script ``%s'', Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in ``%s'', Can't declare %s in ``%s'', Can't ignore signal CHLD , forcing to default, Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't weaken a nonreference, Character class [[:%s:] unknown, Character class syntax [[%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference, constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated, defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean ``local'' instead of ``our''?), Document contains no data, entering effective %s failed, false [[] range ``%s'' in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for output, ''flock()'' on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol ``%s'' requires explicit package name, Hexadecimal number CRTL environ value ``%s'', Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter: %s, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute: %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [[] range ``%s'' in regexp, Invalid separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing %sbrace%s on N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in ``my sub'', No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in ``our'', No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time is UTC , Octal number %s in string, Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma ``attrs'' is deprecated, use ``sub NAME : ATTRS '' instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows, Repeat count in unpack overflows, ''realloc()'' of freed memory ignored, Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown ''open()'' mode '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized escape \%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of CLI symbol ``%s'' too long, Version number must be a constant number New tests Incompatible Changes Perl Source Incompatibilities CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed, Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form 1.2.3 parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, undef fails on read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles, Writing to mean is unsupported, ''delete()'', ''each()'', ''values()'' and , vec( EXPR ,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS , Text of some diagnostic output has changed, %@ has been removed, Parenthesized ''not()'' behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword prototype (*) have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results C Source Incompatibilities PERL_POLLUTE, PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT, PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC Compatible C Source API Changes PATCHLEVEL is now PERL_VERSION Binary Incompatibilities Known Problems Localizing a tied hash element may leak memory Known test failures 64-bit builds, Failure of Thread tests, NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure, Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX , aka DEC OSF/1 ) lib/sdbm test failure with gcc EBCDIC platforms not fully supported UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run Arrow operator and arrays Experimental features Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs: Obsolete Diagnostics Character class syntax [[: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed logical name %s in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as @%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of ``$$ Reporting Bugs SEE ALSO HISTORY __perl5005delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.005__ DESCRIPTION About the new versioning system Incompatible Changes WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004. Default installation structure has changed Perl Source Compatibility C Source Compatibility Binary Compatibility Security fixes may affect compatibility Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004 Licensing Core Changes Threads Compiler Regular Expressions Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other improvements, Incompatible changes Improved ''malloc()'' Quicksort is internally implemented Reliable signals Reliable stack pointers More generous treatment of carriage returns Memory leaks Better support for multiple interpreters Behavior of ''local()'' on array and hash elements is now well-defined %! is transparently tied to the Errno module Pseudo-hashes are supported EXPR foreach EXPR is supported Keywords can be globally overridden $^E is meaningful on Win32 foreach (1..1000000) optimized Foo:: can be used as implicitly quoted package name exists $Foo::{Bar::} tests existence of a package Better locale support Experimental support for 64-bit platforms ''prototype()'' returns useful results on builtins Extended support for exception handling Re-blessing in ''DESTROY ()'' supported for chaining ''DESTROY ()'' methods All printf format conversions are handled internally New INIT keyword New lock keyword New qr// operator our is now a reserved word Tied arrays are now fully supported Tied handles support is better 4th argument to substr Negative LENGTH argument to splice Magic lvalues are now more magical Supported Platforms New Platforms Changes in existing support Modules and Pragmata New Modules B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, !ExtUtils::Installed, !ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle, Thread, attrs, fields, re Changes in existing modules Benchmark, Carp, CGI , Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX , DB_File, !MakeMaker, CPAN , Cwd Utility Changes Documentation Changes New Diagnostics Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use %s: Eval-group in insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s: Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such field ``%s'' in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word ``%s'' is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed Obsolete Diagnostics Can't ''mktemp()'', Can't write to temp file for __-e__: %s, Cannot open temporary file, regexp too big Configuration Changes BUGS SEE ALSO HISTORY __perl5004delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.004__ DESCRIPTION Supported Environments Core Changes List assignment to %ENV works Change to ``Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC'' error Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003 $PERL5OPT environment variable Limitations on __-M__, __-m__, and __-T__ options More precise warnings Deprecated: Inherited AUTOLOAD for non-methods Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified Group vector changeable with $) Fixed parsing of $$ Fixed localization of $ No resetting of $. on implicit close wantarray may return undef eval EXPR determines value of EXPR in scalar context Changes to tainting checks No ''glob()'' or ''$CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name New Opcode module and revised Safe module Embedding improvements Internal change: !FileHandle class based on IO::* classes Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface New and changed syntax $coderef-PARAMS ) New and changed builtin constants __PACKAGE__ New and changed builtin variables $^E, $^H, $^M New and changed builtin functions delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, ''my()'' in Control Structures, ''pack()'' and ''unpack()'', ''sysseek()'', use VERSION , use Module VERSION LIST , prototype( FUNCTION ), srand, $_ as Default, m//gc does not reset search position on failure, m//x ignores whitespace before ?*+{}, nested sub{} closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals New builtin methods isa( CLASS ), can( METHOD ), VERSION ( [[ NEED ] ) TIEHANDLE now supported TIEHANDLE classname, LIST , PRINT this, LIST , PRINTF this, LIST , READ this LIST , READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this Malloc enhancements -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements Support for More Operating Systems Win32 Plan 9 QNX AmigaOS Pragmata use autouse MODULE = NAME =VALUE , use locale, use ops, use vmsish Modules Required Updates Installation directories Module information summary Fcntl IO Math::Complex Math::Trig DB_File Net::Ping Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators Utility Changes pod2html Sends converted HTML to standard output xsubpp void XSUBs now default to returning nothing C Language API Changes gv_fetchmethod and perl_call_sv, perl_eval_pv, Extended API for manipulating hashes Documentation Changes perldelta, perlfaq, perllocale, perltoot, perlapio, perlmodlib, perldebug, perlsec New Diagnostics ``my'' variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr, Bareword ``%s'' refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort subroutine %s, Can't use bareword (``%s'') as %s ref while ``strict refs'' in use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT: %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number, internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: ``%s'', Invalid type in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name ``%s::%s'' used only once: possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible attempt to put comments in ''qw()'' list, Possible attempt to separate words with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for -T__`` option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of ''$$ %s can be ''0``; test with ''defined()'', Variable ''%s`` may be unavailable, Variable ''%s ''PERLLIB_PREFIX , PERL_SH_DIR too long, Process terminated by SIG%s BUGS SEE ALSO HISTORY __perlaix, README .aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix ( AIX ) systems__ DESCRIPTION Compiling Perl 5 on AIX OS level Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX The IBM ANSI C Compiler Using GNU 's gcc for building perl Using Large Files with Perl Threaded Perl 64-bit Perl GDBM and Threads NFS filesystems and utime(2) AUTHOR DATE __perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Prerequisites __Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library__, __Version of Amiga OS__ Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS INSTALLATION Accessing documentation Manpages __HTML__ __GNU__ info files LaTeX docs BUILD Prerequisites Getting the perl source Making sh Configure -Dprefix=/ade -Dloclibpth=/ade/lib Testing Installing the built perl AUTHORS SEE ALSO __perlbs2000, README .BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000 .__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION gzip bison Unpacking Compiling Testing Install Using Perl in the Posix-Shell Using Perl in ``native'' BS2000 Floating point anomalies AUTHORS SEE ALSO Mailing list HISTORY __perlcygwin, README .cygwin - Perl for Cygwin__ SYNOPSIS PREREQUISITES Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it) Cygwin Configuration PATH, ''nroff'', Permissions CONFIGURE Strip Binaries Optional Libraries -lcrypt, -lgdbm (use GDBM_File), -ldb (use DB_File), -lcygipc (use IPC::SysV) Configure-time Options -Uusedl, -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity, -Duseperlio, -Duse64bitint, -Duselongdouble, -Dusethreads, -Duselargefiles Suspicious Warnings ''dlsym()'', Win9x and d_eofnblk, Compiler/Preprocessor defines MAKE Warnings ld2 TEST File Permissions Hard Links Filetime Granularity Tainting Checks /etc/group Script Portability Pathnames, Text/Binary, ''.exe'', ''chown()'', Miscellaneous INSTALL MANIFEST Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts BUGS AUTHORS HISTORY __perldos - Perl under DOS , W31, W95.__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Prerequisites DJGPP , Pthreads Shortcomings of Perl under DOS Building Testing Installation BUILDING AND INSTALLING MODULES Prerequisites Unpacking CPAN Modules Building Non-XS Modules Building XS Modules AUTHOR SEE ALSO __perlepoc, README .epoc - Perl for EPOC__ SYNOPSIS INTRODUCTION INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC STARTING PERL ON EPOC STOPPING PERL ON EPOC USING PERL ON EPOC I/O Redirection PATH Names Editors Features Restrictions Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment SUPPORT STATUS AUTHOR LAST UPDATE __perlhpux, README .hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix ( HP-UX ) systems__ DESCRIPTION Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX PA-RISC PA-RISC 1.0 PA-RISC 1.1 PA-RISC 2.0 Portability Between PA-RISC Versions Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX The HP ANSI C Compiler Using Large Files with Perl Threaded Perl 64-bit Perl GDBM and Threads NFS filesystems and utime(2) perl -P and // AUTHOR DATE __perlmachten, README .machten - Perl version 5 on Power !MachTen systems__ DESCRIPTION Compiling Perl 5 on !MachTen Failures during make test op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t Building external modules AUTHOR DATE __perlmacos, README .macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic)__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION AUTHOR DATE __perlmpeix, README .mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE__ !!SYNOPSIS What's New System Requirements How to Obtain Perl/iX Distribution Contents Highlights README , public_html/feedback.cgi, 4, 6 Getting Started with Perl/iX MPE/iX Implementation Considerations Change History __perlos2 - Perl under OS/2 , DOS , Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Target Other OSes Prerequisites EMX , RSX , HPFS , pdksh Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...) Starting OS/2 (and DOS ) programs under Perl Frequently asked questions ``It does not work'' I cannot run external programs I cannot embed perl into my program, or use ''perl.dll'' from my program. Is your program EMX-compiled with -Zmt -Zcrtdll?, Did you use !ExtUtils::Embed? `` and pipe-open do not work under DOS . Cannot start find.exe ``pattern'' file INSTALLATION Automatic binary installation PERL_BADLANG, PERL_BADFREE, ''Config.pm'' Manual binary installation Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library, Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation, Perl manual in ''.INF'' format, Pdksh __Warning__ Accessing documentation OS/2 ''.INF'' file Plain text Manpages HTML GNU info files ''.PDF'' files LaTeX docs BUILD The short story Prerequisites Getting perl source Application of the patches Hand-editing Making Testing A lot of bad free, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT , ''op/fs.t'', ''op/stat.t'' Installing the built perl a.out-style build Build FAQ Some / became \ in pdksh. 'errno' - unresolved external Problems with tr or sed Some problem (forget which ;-) Library ... not found Segfault in make op/sprintf test failure Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port setpriority, getpriority system() extproc on the first line Additional modules: Prebuilt methods: File::Copy::syscopy, !DynaLoader::mod2fname, Cwd::current_drive(), Cwd::sys_chdir(name), Cwd::change_drive(name), Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name), Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name), Cwd::sys_is_relative(name), Cwd::sys_cwd(name), Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir), Cwd::extLibpath([[type]), Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [[, type ] ), OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception), OS2::Errors2Drive(drive), ''OS2::!SysInfo()'', ''OS2::!BootDrive()'', OS2::MorphPM(serve), OS2::UnMorphPM(serve), OS2::Serve_Messages(force), OS2::Process_Messages(force [[, cnt]), OS2::_control87(new,mask), ''OS2::get_control87()'', OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM) Prebuilt variables: $OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver Misfeatures Modifications popen, tmpnam, tmpfile, ctermid, stat, mkdir, rmdir, flock Identifying DLLs Centralized management of resources HAB, HMQ Perl flavors ''perl.exe'' ''perl_.exe'' ''perl__.exe'' ''perl___.exe'' Why strange names? Why dynamic linking? Why chimera build? ENVIRONMENT PERLLIB_PREFIX PERL_BADLANG PERL_BADFREE PERL_SH_DIR USE_PERL_FLOCK TMP or TEMP Evolution Priorities DLL name mangling Threading Calls to external programs Memory allocation Threads COND_WAIT, ''os2.c'' AUTHOR SEE ALSO __perlos390, README .os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390 .__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Unpacking Setup and utilities Configure Build, test, install build anomalies testing anomalies installation anomalies Usage Hints Floating point anomalies Modules and Extensions AUTHORS SEE ALSO Mailing list HISTORY __perlsolaris, README .solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems__ DESCRIPTION Solaris Version Numbers. RESOURCES Solaris FAQ , Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation SETTING UP File Extraction Problems. Compiler and Related Tools. Environment RUN CONFIGURE . 64-bit Issues. Threads. Malloc Issues. MAKE PROBLEMS . Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal: relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error ``No DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified'', sh: ar: not found MAKE TEST op/stat.t test 4 PREBUILT BINARIES . RUNTIME ISSUES . Limits on Numbers of Open Files. SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES . SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES . Proc::!ProcessTable BSD::Resource Net::SSLeay AUTHOR LAST MODIFIED __perlvmesa, README .vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA .__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Unpacking Setup and utilities Configure Don't turn on the compiler optimization flag ``-O''. There's a bug in the compiler ( APAR PQ18812 ) that generates some bad code the optimizer is on, As VM/ESA doesn't fully support the ''fork()'' API programs relying on this call will not work. I've replaced ''fork()''/''exec()'' with ''spawn()'' and the standalone ''exec()'' with ''spawn()''. This has a side effect when opening unnamed pipes in a shell script: there is no child process generated under testing anomalies Usage Hints When using perl on VM/ESA please keep in mind that the EBCDIC and ASCII character sets are different. Perl builtin functions that may behave differently under EBCDIC are mentioned in the perlport.pod document. AUTHORS SEE ALSO Mailing list __perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl__ DESCRIPTION Installation Organization of Perl Images Core Images Perl Extensions Installing static extensions Installing dynamic extensions File specifications Syntax Wildcard expansion Pipes PERL5LIB and PERLLIB Command line I/O redirection and backgrounding Command line switches -i, -S, -u Perl functions File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE , crypt PLAINTEXT , USER , dump, exec LIST , fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select (system call), stat EXPR , system LIST , time, times, unlink LIST , utime LIST , waitpid PID ,FLAGS Perl variables %ENV, CRTL_ENV , CLISYM_[[ LOCAL ], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $^S, $ Standard modules with VMS-specific differences SDBM_File Revision date AUTHOR __perlvos, README .vos - Perl for Stratus VOS__ SYNOPSIS Stratus POSIX Support INSTALLING PERL IN VOS Compiling Perl 5 on VOS Installing Perl 5 on VOS USING PERL IN VOS Unimplemented Features Restrictions SUPPORT STATUS AUTHOR LAST UPDATE __perlwin32 - Perl under Win32__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Setting Up Make, Command Shell, Borland C ++ , Microsoft Visual C ++ , Mingw32 with GCC Building Testing Installation Usage Hints Environment Variables, File Globbing, Using perl from the command line, Building Extensions, Command-line Wildcard Expansion, Win32 Specific Extensions, Running Perl Scripts, Miscellaneous Things BUGS AND CAVEATS AUTHORS Gary Ng SEE ALSO HISTORY !!PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION __attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION method, locked __re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION __attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Built-in Attributes locked, method, lvalue Available Subroutines get, reftype Package-specific Attribute Handling FETCH_ ''type''_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_ ''type''_ATTRIBUTES Syntax of Attribute Lists EXPORTS Default exports Available exports Export tags defined EXAMPLES SEE ALSO __attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION method, locked __autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION WARNING AUTHOR SEE ALSO __base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION HISTORY SEE ALSO __blib - Use !MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION BUGS AUTHOR __bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character semantics__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION SEE ALSO __charnames - define character names for__ N{named} __string literal escape.__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CUSTOM TRANSLATORS BUGS __constant - Perl pragma to declare constants__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION NOTES TECHNICAL NOTE BUGS AUTHOR COPYRIGHT __diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning diagnostics__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION The diagnostics Pragma The ''splain'' Program EXAMPLES INTERNALS BUGS AUTHOR __fields - compile-time class fields__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION new, phash SEE ALSO __filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION subpragma access __integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating point__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION __less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION __lib - manipulate__ @INC __at compile time__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Adding directories to @INC Deleting directories from @INC Restoring original @INC SEE ALSO AUTHOR __locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in operations__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION __open - perl pragma to set default disciplines for input and output__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION UNIMPLEMENTED FUNCTIONALITY SEE ALSO __ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION SEE ALSO __overload - Package for overloading perl operations__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Declaration of overloaded functions Calling Conventions for Binary Operations FALSE , TRUE , undef Calling Conventions for Unary Operations Calling Conventions for Mutators ++ and --, x= and other assignment versions Overloadable Operations ''Arithmetic operations'', ''Comparison operations'', ''Bit operations'', ''Increment and decrement'', ''Transcendental functions'', ''Boolean, string and numeric conversion'', ''Iteration'', ''Dereferencing'', ''Special'' Inheritance and overloading Strings as values of use overload directive, Overloading of an operation is inherited by derived classes SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR use overload Last Resort Fallback undef, TRUE , defined, but FALSE Copy Constructor __Example__ MAGIC AUTOGENERATION ''Assignment forms of arithmetic operations'', ''Conversion operations'', ''Increment and decrement'', abs($a), ''Unary minus'', ''Negation'', ''Concatenation'', ''Comparison operations'', ''Iterator'', ''Dereferencing'', ''Copy operator'' Losing overloading Run-time Overloading Public functions overload::!StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op) Overloading constants integer, float, binary, q, qr IMPLEMENTATION Metaphor clash Cookbook Two-face scalars Two-face references Symbolic calculator ''Really'' symbolic calculator AUTHOR DIAGNOSTICS Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable type, `%s' is not a code reference BUGS __re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION __sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION OPTIONS SIGNAL HANDLERS __stack-trace__, __die__, __handler__ ''your-handler'' SIGNAL LISTS __normal-signals__, __error-signals__, __old-interface-signals__ OTHER __untrapped__, __any__, ''signal'', ''number'' EXAMPLES __strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION strict refs, strict vars, strict subs __subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION __utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 in source code__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION SEE ALSO __vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION __warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION use warnings::register, ''warnings::enabled()'', warnings::enabled($category), warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message), warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message), warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message), warnings::warnif($object, $message) __warnings::register - warnings import function__ !!MODULE DOCUMENTATION __AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION DBM Comparisons [[0], [[1], [[2], [[3] SEE ALSO __!AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Subroutine Stubs Using __!AutoLoader__'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine Overriding __!AutoLoader__'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine Package Lexicals Not Using !AutoLoader __!AutoLoader__ vs. __!SelfLoader__ CAVEATS SEE ALSO __!AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION $keep, $check, $modtime Multiple packages DIAGNOSTICS __B - The Perl Compiler__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION OVERVIEW OF CLASSES SV-RELATED CLASSES B::SV METHODS REFCNT , FLAGS B::IV METHODS IV , IVX , UVX , int_value, needs64bits, packiv B::NV METHODS NV , NVX B::RV METHODS RV B::PV METHODS PV , PVX B::PVMG METHODS MAGIC , SvSTASH B::MAGIC METHODS MOREMAGIC , PRIVATE , TYPE , FLAGS , OBJ , PTR B::PVLV METHODS TARGOFF , TARGLEN , TYPE , TARG B::BM METHODS USEFUL , PREVIOUS , RARE , TABLE B::GV METHODS is_empty, NAME , SAFENAME , STASH , SV , IO , FORM , AV , HV , EGV , CV , CVGEN , LINE , FILE , FILEGV , GvREFCNT, FLAGS B::IO METHODS LINES , PAGE , PAGE_LEN , LINES_LEFT , TOP_NAME , TOP_GV , FMT_NAME , FMT_GV , BOTTOM_NAME , BOTTOM_GV , SUBPROCESS , IoTYPE, IoFLAGS B::AV METHODS FILL , MAX , OFF , ARRAY , AvFLAGS B::CV METHODS STASH , START , ROOT , GV , FILE , DEPTH , PADLIST , OUTSIDE , XSUB , XSUBANY , CvFLAGS B::HV METHODS FILL , MAX , KEYS , RITER , NAME , PMROOT , ARRAY OP-RELATED CLASSES B::OP METHODS next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private B::UNOP METHOD first B::BINOP METHOD last B::LOGOP METHOD other B::LISTOP METHOD children B::PMOP METHODS pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmpermflags, precomp B::SVOP METHOD sv, gv B::PADOP METHOD padix B::PVOP METHOD pv B::LOOP METHODS redoop, nextop, lastop B::COP METHODS label, stash, file, cop_seq, arybase, line FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY B main_cv, init_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist, sv_undef, sv_yes, sv_no, amagic_generation, walkoptree( OP , METHOD ), walkoptree_debug( DEBUG ), walksymtable( SYMREF , METHOD , RECURSE ), svref_2object( SV ), ppname( OPNUM ), hash( STR ), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring( STR ), class( OBJ ), threadsv_names AUTHOR __B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate bytecode__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION AUTHOR __B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION AUTHORS __B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION AUTHOR __B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION OPTIONS __-ofilename__, __-afilename__, __--__, __-f__, __-fcompress-nullops__, __-fomit-sequence-numbers__, __-fbypass-nullops__, __-On__, __-D__, __-Do__, __-Db__, __-Da__, __-DC__, __-S__, __-upackage__ Stores package in the output. =back EXAMPLES BUGS AUTHORS __B::C - Perl compiler's C backend__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION OPTIONS __-ofilename__, __-v__, __--__, __-uPackname__, __-D__, __-Do__, __-Dc__, __-DA__, __-DC__, __-DM__, __-f__, __-fcog__, __-fno-cog__, __-On__, __-llimit__ EXAMPLES BUGS AUTHOR __B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION OPTIONS __-ofilename__, __-v__, __--__, __-uPackname__, __-mModulename__, __-D__, __-Dr__, __-DO__, __-Ds__, __-Dp__, __-Dq__, __-Dl__, __-Dt__, __-f__, __-ffreetmps-each-bblock__, __-ffreetmps-each-loop__, __-fomit-taint__, __-On__ EXAMPLES BUGS DIFFERENCES Loops Context of ``..'' Arithmetic Deprecated features AUTHOR __B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION OPTIONS __-basic__, __-exec__, __-tree__, __-compact__, __-loose__, __-vt__, __-ascii__, __-main__, __-base__''n'', __-bigendian__, __-littleendian__, __-concise__, __-terse__, __-linenoise__, __-debug__, __-env__ FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS __(x(__''exec_text''__;__''basic_text''__)x)__, __(*(__''text''__)*)__, __(*(__''text1''__;__''text2''__)*)__, __(?(__''text1''__#__''varText2''__)?)__, __#__''var'', __#__''varN'', __~__, __#addr__, __#arg__, __#class__, __#classym__, __#coplabel__, __#exname__, __#extarg__, __#firstaddr__, __#flags__, __#flagval__, __#hyphenseq__, __#label__, __#lastaddr__, __#name__, __#NAME__, __#next__, __#nextaddr__, __#noise__, __#private__, __#privval__, __#seq__, __#seqnum__, __#sibaddr__, __#svaddr__, __#svclass__, __#svval__, __#targ__, __#targarg__, __#targarglife__, __#typenum__ ABBREVIATIONS OP flags abbreviations OP class abbreviations AUTHOR __B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION AUTHOR __B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION OPTIONS __-l__, __-p__, __-q__, __-u__ ''PACKAGE'' , __-s__ ''LETTERS'' , __C__, __i__ ''NUMBER'' , __T__, __v__ ''STRING'' __.__, __-x__ ''LEVEL'' USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE Synopsis Description new coderef2text BUGS AUTHOR __B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION AUTHOR __B::Lint - Perl lint__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS __context__, __implicit-read__ and __implicit-write__, __dollar-underscore__, __private-names__, __undefined-subs__, __regexp-variables__, __all__, __none__ NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS __-u Package__ BUGS AUTHOR __B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CONVENTIONS IMPLEMENTATION AUTHOR __B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION AUTHOR __B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION AUTHOR __B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded__ __B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION AUTHOR __B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION OPTIONS -oFILENAME, -r, -D[[tO] BUGS AUTHOR __Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION AUTHOR __Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Methods new, debug, iters Standard Exports timeit( COUNT , CODE ), timethis ( COUNT , CODE , [[ TITLE , [[ STYLE ]] ), timethese ( COUNT , CODEHASHREF , [[ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr ( TIMEDIFF , [[ STYLE , [[ FORMAT ] ] ) Optional Exports clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUT , CODEHASHREF , [[ STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF ), countit( TIME , CODE ), disablecache ( ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 ) NOTES EXAMPLES INHERITANCE CAVEATS SEE ALSO AUTHORS MODIFICATION HISTORY __!ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION AUTHOR SEE ALSO __Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION OPTIONS __-ofilename__, __-afilename__, __--__, __-f__, __-fcompress-nullops__, __-fomit-sequence-numbers__, __-fbypass-nullops__, __-On__, __-D__, __-Do__, __-Db__, __-Da__, __-DC__, __-S__, __-upackage__ Stores package in the output. =back EXAMPLES BUGS AUTHORS __CGI__ __- Simple Common Gateway Interface Class__ SYNOPSIS ABSTRACT DESCRIPTION PROGRAMMING STYLE CALLING CGI .PM ROUTINES CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT ( OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE ): CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY: FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT: FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER: SETTING THE VALUE (S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER: APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER: IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE: DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY: DELETING ALL PARAMETERS: DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST: FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH: SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE: RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE __:cgi__, __:form__, __:html2__, __:html3__, __:netscape__, __:html__, __:standard__, __:all__ PRAGMAS -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_xhtml, -nph, -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug, -private_tempfiles SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS 1. ''start_table()'' (generates a ''TABLE end_table()'' (generates a ''start_ul()'' (generates a ''UL end_ul()'' (generates a '' GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER: GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER __Parameters:__, 4, 5, 6.. ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT: CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION: OBTAINING THE SCRIPT 'S URL __-absolute__, __-relative__, __-full__, __-path__ (__-path_info__), __-query__ (__-query_string__), __-base__ MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS: PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS AUTOESCAPING HTML $escaped_string = escapeHTML(``unescaped string'');, $charset = charset([[$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([[$flag]); PRETTY-PRINTING HTML CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS: CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG STARTING AND ENDING A FORM __application/x-www-form-urlencoded__, __multipart/form-data__ CREATING A TEXT FIELD __Parameters__ CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD __Parameters__ CREATING A POPUP MENU CREATING A SCROLLING LIST __Parameters:__ CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES __Parameters:__ CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX __Parameters:__ CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP __Parameters:__ CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON __Parameters:__ CREATING A RESET BUTTON CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD __Parameters:__ CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON __Parameters:__ CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON HTTP COOKIES 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a ``secure'' flag, __-name__, __-value__, __-path__, __-domain__, __-expires__, __-secure__ WORKING WITH FRAMES 1. Create a HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in the FORM LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS DEBUGGING DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES ''Accept()'', ''raw_cookie()'', ''user_agent()'', ''path_info()'', ''path_translated()'', ''remote_host()'', ''script_name()'', ''referer()'', __auth_type ()__, __server_name ()__, __virtual_host ()__, __server_port ()__, __server_software ()__, __remote_user ()__, __user_name ()__, ''request_method()'', ''content_type()'', ''http()'', ''https()'' USING NPH SCRIPTS In the __use__ statement, By calling the ''nph()'' method:, By using __-nph__ parameters Server Push ''multipart_init()'', ''multipart_start()'', ''multipart_end()'', ''multipart_final()'' Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks __$CGI::POST_MAX__, __$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS__, __1. On a script-by-script basis__, __2. Globally for all scripts__ COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB .PL AUTHOR INFORMATION CREDITS Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT BUGS SEE ALSO __CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI .pm__ SYNOPSIS ABSTRACT DESCRIPTION AUTHOR INFORMATION BUGS SEE ALSO __CGI::Carp, CGI::Carp - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or other) error log__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW Changing the default message MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS CHANGE LOG AUTHORS SEE ALSO __CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION USING CGI::Cookie __1. expiration date__, __2. domain__, __3. path__, __4. secure flag__ Creating New Cookies Sending the Cookie to the Browser Recovering Previous Cookies Manipulating Cookies ''name()'', ''value()'', ''domain()'', ''path()'', ''expires()'' AUTHOR INFORMATION BUGS SEE ALSO __CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS CAVEATS AUTHOR INFORMATION BUGS SEE ALSO __CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Tags that won't be formatted Customizing the Indenting BUGS AUTHOR SEE ALSO __CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION USING CGI::Push -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph Heterogeneous Pages Changing the Page Delay on the Fly INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS AUTHOR INFORMATION BUGS SEE ALSO __CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch__ SYNOPSIS ABSTRACT DESCRIPTION AUTHOR INFORMATION BUGS SEE ALSO __CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION AUTHOR INFORMATION SEE ALSO __CPAN__ __- query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Interactive Mode Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test, install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or distribution, ls author, Signals CPAN::Shell autobundle recompile The four CPAN::* Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution Programmer's interface expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples Methods in the other Classes ''CPAN::Author::as_glimpse()'', ''CPAN::Author::as_string()'', ''CPAN::Author::email()'', ''CPAN::Author::fullname()'', ''CPAN::Author::name()'', ''CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse()'', ''CPAN::Bundle::as_string()'', ''CPAN::Bundle::clean()'', ''CPAN::Bundle::contains()'', CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), ''CPAN::Bundle::get()'', ''CPAN::Bundle::inst_file()'', ''CPAN::Bundle::inst_version()'', ''CPAN::Bundle::uptodate()'', ''CPAN::Bundle::install()'', ''CPAN::Bundle::make()'', ''CPAN::Bundle::readme()'', ''CPAN::Bundle::test()'', ''CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse()'', ''CPAN::Distribution::as_string()'', ''CPAN::Distribution::clean()'', ''CPAN::Distribution::containsmods()'', ''CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import()'', ''CPAN::Distribution::dir()'', CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), ''CPAN::Distribution::get()'', ''CPAN::Distribution::install()'', ''CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl()'', ''CPAN::Distribution::look()'', ''CPAN::Distribution::make()'', ''CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm()'', ''CPAN::Distribution::readme()'', ''CPAN::Distribution::test()'', ''CPAN::Distribution::uptodate()'', ''CPAN::Index::force_reload()'', ''CPAN::Index::reload()'', ''CPAN::!InfoObj::dump()'', ''CPAN::Module::as_glimpse()'', ''CPAN::Module::as_string()'', ''CPAN::Module::clean()'', ''CPAN::Module::cpan_file()'', ''CPAN::Module::cpan_version()'', ''CPAN::Module::cvs_import()'', ''CPAN::Module::description()'', CPAN::Module::force($method,@args), ''CPAN::Module::get()'', ''CPAN::Module::inst_file()'', ''CPAN::Module::inst_version()'', ''CPAN::Module::install()'', ''CPAN::Module::look()'', ''CPAN::Module::make()'', ''CPAN::Module::manpage_headline()'', ''CPAN::Module::readme()'', ''CPAN::Module::test()'', ''CPAN::Module::uptodate()'', ''CPAN::Module::userid()'' Cache Manager Bundles Prerequisites Finding packages and VERSION Debugging Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode CONFIGURATION o conf , o conf , o conf , o conf , o conf Note on urllist parameter's format urllist parameter has CD-ROM support SECURITY EXPORT POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES WORKING WITH CPAN .pm BEHIND FIREWALLS Three basic types of firewalls http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS , IP Masquerade Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall FAQ 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10) BUGS AUTHOR TRANSLATIONS SEE ALSO __CPAN::!FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION __CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN .pm without using any XS module__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION SEE ALSO __Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Forcing a Stack Trace BUGS __Carp::Heavy - Carp guts__ SYNOPIS DESCRIPTION __Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION The struct() function Class Creation at Compile Time Element Types and Accessor Methods Scalar ('$' or '*$'), Array ('@' or '*@'), Hash ('%' or '*%'), Class ('Class_Name' or '*Class_Name') Initializing with new EXAMPLES Example 1, Example 2, Example 3 Author and Modification History __Config - access Perl configuration information__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION ''myconfig()'', ''config_sh()'', config_vars(@names) EXAMPLE WARNING GLOSSARY _ _a, _exe, _o a afs, alignbytes, ansi2knr, aphostname, api_revision, api_subversion, api_version, api_versionstring, ar, archlib, archlibexp, archname64, archname, archobjs, awk b baserev, bash, bin, bincompat5005, binexp, bison, byacc, byteorder c c, castflags, cat, cc, cccdlflags, ccdlflags, ccflags, ccflags_uselargefiles, ccname, ccsymbols, ccversion, cf_by, cf_email, cf_time, charsize, chgrp, chmod, chown, clocktype, comm, compress C CONFIGDOTSH, contains, cp, cpio, cpp, cpp_stuff, cppccsymbols, cppflags, cpplast, cppminus, cpprun, cppstdin, cppsymbols, crosscompile, cryptlib, csh d d__fwalk, d_access, d_accessx, d_alarm, d_archlib, d_atolf, d_atoll, d_attribut, d_bcmp, d_bcopy, d_bincompat5005, d_bsd, d_bsdgetpgrp, d_bsdsetpgrp, d_bzero, d_casti32, d_castneg, d_charvspr, d_chown, d_chroot, d_chsize, d_closedir, d_const, d_crypt, d_csh, d_cuserid, d_dbl_dig, d_difftime, d_dirnamlen, d_dlerror, d_dlopen, d_dlsymun, d_dosuid, d_drand48proto, d_dup2, d_eaccess, d_endgrent, d_endhent, d_endnent, d_endpent, d_endpwent, d_endsent, d_eofnblk, d_eunice, d_fchmod, d_fchown, d_fcntl, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fd_macros, d_fd_set, d_fds_bits, d_fgetpos, d_flexfnam, d_flock, d_fork, d_fpathconf, d_fpos64_t, d_frexpl, d_fs_data_s, d_fseeko, d_fsetpos, d_fstatfs, d_fstatvfs, d_fsync, d_ftello, d_ftime, d_Gconvert, d_getcwd, d_getespwnam, d_getfsstat, d_getgrent, d_getgrps, d_gethbyaddr, d_gethbyname, d_gethent, d_gethname, d_gethostprotos, d_getlogin, d_getmnt, d_getmntent, d_getnbyaddr, d_getnbyname, d_getnent, d_getnetprotos, d_getpagsz, d_getpbyname, d_getpbynumber, d_getpent, d_getpgid, d_getpgrp2, d_getpgrp, d_getppid, d_getprior, d_getprotoprotos, d_getprpwnam, d_getpwent, d_getsbyname, d_getsbyport, d_getsent, d_getservprotos, d_getspnam, d_gettimeod, d_gnulibc, d_grpasswd, d_hasmntopt, d_htonl, d_iconv, d_index, d_inetaton, d_int64_t, d_isascii, d_isnan, d_isnanl, d_killpg, d_lchown, d_ldbl_dig, d_link, d_locconv, d_lockf, d_longdbl, d_longlong, d_lseekproto, d_lstat, d_madvise, d_mblen, d_mbstowcs, d_mbtowc, d_memchr, d_memcmp, d_memcpy, d_memmove, d_memset, d_mkdir, d_mkdtemp, d_mkfifo, d_mkstemp, d_mkstemps, d_mktime, d_mmap, d_modfl, d_mprotect, d_msg, d_msg_ctrunc, d_msg_dontroute, d_msg_oob, d_msg_peek, d_msg_proxy, d_msgctl, d_msgget, d_msgrcv, d_msgsnd, d_msync, d_munmap, d_mymalloc, d_nice, d_nv_preserves_uv, d_nv_preserves_uv_bits, d_off64_t, d_old_pthread_create_joinable, d_oldpthreads, d_oldsock, d_open3, d_pathconf, d_pause, d_perl_otherlibdirs, d_phostname, d_pipe, d_poll, d_portable, d_PRId64, d_PRIeldbl, d_PRIEUldbl, d_PRIfldbl, d_PRIFUldbl, d_PRIgldbl, d_PRIGUldbl, d_PRIi64, d_PRIo64, d_PRIu64, d_PRIx64, d_PRIXU64, d_pthread_yield, d_pwage, d_pwchange, d_pwclass, d_pwcomment, d_pwexpire, d_pwgecos, d_pwpasswd, d_pwquota, d_qgcvt, d_quad, d_readdir, d_readlink, d_rename, d_rewinddir, d_rmdir, d_safebcpy, d_safemcpy, d_sanemcmp, d_sbrkproto, d_sched_yield, d_scm_rights, d_SCNfldbl, d_seekdir, d_select, d_sem, d_semctl, d_semctl_semid_ds, d_semctl_semun, d_semget, d_semop, d_setegid, d_seteuid, d_setgrent, d_setgrps, d_sethent, d_setlinebuf, d_setlocale, d_setnent, d_setpent, d_setpgid, d_setpgrp2, d_setpgrp, d_setprior, d_setproctitle, d_setpwent, d_setregid, d_setresgid, d_setresuid, d_setreuid, d_setrgid, d_setruid, d_setsent, d_setsid, d_setvbuf, d_sfio, d_shm, d_shmat, d_shmatprototype, d_shmctl, d_shmdt, d_shmget, d_sigaction, d_sigprocmask, d_sigsetjmp, d_socket, d_socklen_t, d_sockpair, d_socks5_init, d_sqrtl, d_statblks, d_statfs_f_flags, d_statfs_s, d_statvfs, d_stdio_cnt_lval, d_stdio_ptr_lval, d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt, d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt, d_stdio_stream_array, d_stdiobase, d_stdstdio, d_strchr, d_strcoll, d_strctcpy, d_strerrm, d_strerror, d_strtod, d_strtol, d_strtold, d_strtoll, d_strtoq, d_strtoul, d_strtoull, d_strtouq, d_strxfrm, d_suidsafe, d_symlink, d_syscall, d_sysconf, d_sysernlst, d_syserrlst, d_system, d_tcgetpgrp, d_tcsetpgrp, d_telldir, d_telldirproto, d_time, d_times, d_truncate, d_tzname, d_umask, d_uname, d_union_semun, d_ustat, d_vendorarch, d_vendorbin, d_vendorlib, d_vfork, d_void_closedir, d_voidsig, d_voidtty, d_volatile, d_vprintf, d_wait4, d_waitpid, d_wcstombs, d_wctomb, d_xenix, date, db_hashtype, db_prefixtype, defvoidused, direntrytype, dlext, dlsrc, doublesize, drand01, dynamic_ext e eagain, ebcdic, echo, egrep, emacs, eunicefix, exe_ext, expr, extensions f fflushall, fflushNULL, find, firstmakefile, flex, fpossize, fpostype, freetype, full_ar, full_csh, full_sed g gccosandvers, gccversion, gidformat, gidsign, gidsize, gidtype, glibpth, grep, groupcat, groupstype, gzip h h_fcntl, h_sysfile, hint, hostcat i i16size, i16type, i32size, i32type, i64size, i64type, i8size, i8type, i_arpainet, i_bsdioctl, i_db, i_dbm, i_dirent, i_dld, i_dlfcn, i_fcntl, i_float, i_gdbm, i_grp, i_iconv, i_ieeefp, i_inttypes, i_libutil, i_limits, i_locale, i_machcthr, i_malloc, i_math, i_memory, i_mntent, i_ndbm, i_netdb, i_neterrno, i_netinettcp, i_niin, i_poll, i_prot, i_pthread, i_pwd, i_rpcsvcdbm, i_sfio, i_sgtty, i_shadow, i_socks, i_stdarg, i_stddef, i_stdlib, i_string, i_sunmath, i_sysaccess, i_sysdir, i_sysfile, i_sysfilio, i_sysin, i_sysioctl, i_syslog, i_sysmman, i_sysmode, i_sysmount, i_sysndir, i_sysparam, i_sysresrc, i_syssecrt, i_sysselct, i_syssockio, i_sysstat, i_sysstatfs, i_sysstatvfs, i_systime, i_systimek, i_systimes, i_systypes, i_sysuio, i_sysun, i_sysutsname, i_sysvfs, i_syswait, i_termio, i_termios, i_time, i_unistd, i_ustat, i_utime, i_values, i_varargs, i_varhdr, i_vfork, ignore_versioned_solibs, inc_version_list, inc_version_list_init, incpath, inews, installarchlib, installbin, installman1dir, installman3dir, installprefix, installprefixexp, installprivlib, installscript, installsitearch, installsitebin, installsitelib, installstyle, installusrbinperl, installvendorarch, installvendorbin, installvendorlib, intsize, issymlink, ivdformat, ivsize, ivtype k known_extensions, ksh l ld, lddlflags, ldflags, ldflags_uselargefiles, ldlibpthname, less, lib_ext, libc, libperl, libpth, libs, libsdirs, libsfiles, libsfound, libspath, libswanted, libswanted_uselargefiles, line, lint, lkflags, ln, lns, locincpth, loclibpth, longdblsize, longlongsize, longsize, lp, lpr, ls, lseeksize, lseektype m mail, mailx, make, make_set_make, mallocobj, mallocsrc, malloctype, man1dir, man1direxp, man1ext, man3dir, man3direxp, man3ext M Mcc, mips_type, mkdir, mmaptype, modetype, more, multiarch, mv, myarchname, mydomain, myhostname, myuname n n, need_va_copy, netdb_hlen_type, netdb_host_type, netdb_name_type, netdb_net_type, nm, nm_opt, nm_so_opt, nonxs_ext, nroff, nveformat, nvEUformat, nvfformat, nvFUformat, nvgformat, nvGUformat, nvsize, nvtype o o_nonblock, obj_ext, old_pthread_create_joinable, optimize, orderlib, osname, osvers, otherlibdirs p package, pager, passcat, patchlevel, path_sep, perl5, perl P PERL_REVISION, PERL_SUBVERSION, PERL_VERSION, perladmin, perllibs, perlpath, pg, phostname, pidtype, plibpth, pm_apiversion, pmake, pr, prefix, prefixexp, privlib, privlibexp, prototype, ptrsize q quadkind, quadtype r randbits, randfunc, randseedtype, ranlib, rd_nodata, revision, rm, rmail, runnm s sched_yield, scriptdir, scriptdirexp, sed, seedfunc, selectminbits, selecttype, sendmail, sh, shar, sharpbang, shmattype, shortsize, shrpenv, shsharp, sig_count, sig_name, sig_name_init, sig_num, sig_num_init, sig_size, signal_t, sitearch, sitearchexp, sitebin, sitebinexp, sitelib, sitelib_stem, sitelibexp, siteprefix, siteprefixexp, sizesize, sizetype, sleep, smail, so, sockethdr, socketlib, socksizetype, sort, spackage, spitshell, sPRId64, sPRIeldbl, sPRIEUldbl, sPRIfldbl, sPRIFUldbl, sPRIgldbl, sPRIGUldbl, sPRIi64, sPRIo64, sPRIu64, sPRIx64, sPRIXU64, src, sSCNfldbl, ssizetype, startperl, startsh, static_ext, stdchar, stdio_base, stdio_bufsiz, stdio_cnt, stdio_filbuf, stdio_ptr, stdio_stream_array, strings, submit, subversion, sysman t tail, tar, tbl, tee, test, timeincl, timetype, touch, tr, trnl, troff u u16size, u16type, u32size, u32type, u64size, u64type, u8size, u8type, uidformat, uidsign, uidsize, uidtype, uname, uniq, uquadtype, use5005threads, use64bitall, use64bitint, usedl, useithreads, uselargefiles, uselongdouble, usemorebits, usemultiplicity, usemymalloc, usenm, useopcode, useperlio, useposix, usesfio, useshrplib, usesocks, usethreads, usevendorprefix, usevfork, usrinc, uuname, uvoformat, uvsize, uvtype, uvuformat, uvxformat, uvXUformat v vendorarch, vendorarchexp, vendorbin, vendorbinexp, vendorlib, vendorlib_stem, vendorlibexp, vendorprefix, vendorprefixexp, version, versiononly, vi, voidflags x xlibpth, xs_apiversion z zcat, zip NOTE __Cwd - get pathname of current working directory__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION __DB__ __- programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft, subject to change)__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Global Variables $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args, @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname, $DB::lineno API Methods CLIENT- register()'', CLIENT- STRING ), CLIENT- CLIENT- run()'', CLIENT- step()'', CLIENT- next()'', CLIENT- done()'' Client Callback Methods CLIENT- init()'', CLIENT- STRING ]), CLIENT- stop()'', CLIENT- idle()'', CLIENT- STRING ]), CLIENT- STRING ), CLIENT- cleanup()'', CLIENT- LIST ) BUGS AUTHOR __DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION __DB_HASH__ , __DB_BTREE__ , __DB_RECNO__ Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or 3 Interface to Berkeley DB Opening a Berkeley DB Database File Default Parameters In Memory Databases DB_HASH A Simple Example DB_BTREE Changing the BTREE sort order Handling Duplicate Keys The ''get_dup()'' Method The ''find_dup()'' Method The ''del_dup()'' Method Matching Partial Keys DB_RECNO The 'bval' Option A Simple Example Extra RECNO Methods __$X-__, __$value = $X-__, __$X-__, __$X-__, __$X-__ Another Example THE API INTERFACE __$status = $X-__, __$status = $X-__, __$status = $X-__, __$status = $X-__, __$status = $X- __, __$status = $X- __ DBM FILTERS __filter_store_key__, __filter_store_value__, __filter_fetch_key__, __filter_fetch_value__ The Filter An Example -- the NULL termination problem. Another Example -- Key is a C int. HINTS AND TIPS Locking: The Trouble with fd Safe ways to lock a database __Tie::DB_Lock__, __Tie::DB_!LockFile__, __DB_File::Lock__ Sharing Databases With C Applications The ''untie()'' Gotcha COMMON QUESTIONS Why is there Perl source in my database? How do I store complex data structures with DB_File? What does ``Invalid Argument'' mean? What does ``Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed'' mean? REFERENCES HISTORY BUGS AVAILABILITY COPYRIGHT SEE ALSO AUTHOR __Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both printing and__ eval SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Methods ''PACKAGE'' - ''ARRAYREF [['', ''ARRAYREF ]''), ''$OBJ''-''or PACKAGE'' - ''ARRAYREF [['', ''ARRAYREF ]''), ''$OBJ''-''[[ HASHREF ]''), ''$OBJ''-''[[ ARRAYREF ]''), ''$OBJ''-''[[ ARRAYREF ]''), ''$OBJ''-'' Functions Dumper( ''LIST'' ) Configuration Variables or Methods $Data::Dumper::Indent ''or $OBJ''-''[[ NEWVAL ]''), $Data::Dumper::Purity ''or $OBJ''-''[[ NEWVAL ]''), $Data::Dumper::Pad ''or $OBJ''-''[[ NEWVAL ]''), $Data::Dumper::Varname ''or $OBJ''-''[[ NEWVAL ]''), $Data::Dumper::Useqq ''or $OBJ''-''[[ NEWVAL ]''), $Data::Dumper::Terse ''or $OBJ''-''[[ NEWVAL ]''), $Data::Dumper::Freezer ''or'' $ ''OBJ'' -''[[ NEWVAL ]''), $Data::Dumper::Toaster ''or'' $ ''OBJ'' -''[[ NEWVAL ]''), $Data::Dumper::Deepcopy ''or'' $ ''OBJ'' -''[[ NEWVAL ]''), $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys ''or'' $ ''OBJ'' -''[[ NEWVAL ]''), $Data::Dumper::Bless ''or'' $ ''OBJ'' -''[[ NEWVAL ]''), $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth ''or'' $ ''OBJ'' -''[[ NEWVAL ]'') Exports Dumper EXAMPLES BUGS AUTHOR VERSION SEE ALSO __Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION PROFILE FORMAT AUTOLOAD ENVIRONMENT BUGS SEE ALSO __Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Memory footprint debugging EXAMPLES A simple scalar string A simple scalar number A simple scalar with an extra reference A reference to a simple scalar A reference to an array A reference to a hash Dumping a large array or hash A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer A reference to a subroutine EXPORTS BUGS AUTHOR SEE ALSO __Devel::!SelfStubber - generate stubs for a !SelfLoading module__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION __!DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION __Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Creation arrayDepth, hashDepth, compactDump, veryCompact, globPrint, DumpDBFiles, !DumpPackages, !DumpReused, tick, !HighBit, printUndef, !UsageOnly, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit, stopDbSignal Methods dumpValue, dumpValues, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl, compactDump, veryCompact, set, get __!DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs, @dl_modules, ''dl_error()'', $dl_debug, ''dl_findfile()'', ''dl_expandspec()'', ''dl_load_file()'', ''dl_unload_file()'', ''dl_loadflags()'', ''dl_find_symbol()'', ''dl_find_symbol_anywhere()'', ''dl_undef_symbols()'', ''dl_install_xsub()'', ''bootstrap()'' AUTHOR __!DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION AUTHOR __English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation variables__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION BUGS __Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or arrays__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION LIMITATIONS AUTHOR __Errno - System errno constants__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CAVEATS AUTHOR COPYRIGHT __Exporter - Implements default import method for modules__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION How to Export Selecting What To Export Specialised Import Lists Exporting without using Export's import method Module Version Checking Managing Unknown Symbols Tag Handling Utility Functions __Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts__ SYNOPIS DESCRIPTION __!ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in Makefiles etc.__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION cat eqtime src dst rm_f files... rm_f files... touch files .. mv source... destination cp source... destination chmod mode files.. mkpath directory.. test_f file BUGS SEE ALSO AUTHOR __!ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C ++ applications__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION @EXPORT FUNCTIONS ''xsinit()'', Examples, ''ldopts()'', Examples, ''perl_inc()'', ''ccflags()'', ''ccdlflags()'', ''ccopts()'', ''xsi_header()'', xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules) EXAMPLES SEE ALSO AUTHOR __!ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION __!ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION USAGE FUNCTIONS ''new()'', ''modules()'', ''files()'', ''directories()'', ''directory_tree()'', ''validate()'', ''packlist()'', ''version()'' EXAMPLE AUTHOR __!ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions EXTRALIBS LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH BSLOADLIBS PORTABILITY VMS implementation Win32 implementation SEE ALSO __!ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in !ExtUtils::!MakeMaker__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive perl_archive_after __!ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in !ExtUtils::!MakeMaker__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION __!ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by !ExtUtils::!MakeMaker__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION METHODS Preloaded methods canonpath catdir catfile curdir rootdir updir !SelfLoaded methods c_o (o) cflags (o) clean (o) const_cccmd (o) const_config (o) const_loadlibs (o) constants (o) depend (o) dir_target (o) dist (o) dist_basics (o) dist_ci (o) dist_core (o) dist_dir (o) dist_test (o) dlsyms (o) dynamic (o) dynamic_bs (o) dynamic_lib (o) exescan extliblist file_name_is_absolute find_perl Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile fixin force (o) guess_name has_link_code htmlifypods (o) init_dirscan init_main init_others install (o) installbin (o) libscan (o) linkext (o) lsdir macro (o) makeaperl (o) makefile (o) manifypods (o) maybe_command maybe_command_in_dirs needs_linking (o) nicetext parse_version parse_abstract pasthru (o) path perl_script perldepend (o) ppd perm_rw (o) perm_rwx (o) pm_to_blib post_constants (o) post_initialize (o) postamble (o) prefixify processPL (o) realclean (o) replace_manpage_separator static (o) static_lib (o) staticmake (o) subdir_x (o) subdirs (o) test (o) test_via_harness (o) test_via_script (o) tool_autosplit (o) tools_other (o) tool_xsubpp (o) top_targets (o) writedoc xs_c (o) xs_cpp (o) xs_o (o) perl_archive perl_archive_after export_list SEE ALSO __!ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in !ExtUtils::!MakeMaker__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Methods always loaded wraplist rootdir (override) !SelfLoaded methods guess_name (override) find_perl (override) path (override) maybe_command (override) maybe_command_in_dirs (override) perl_script (override) file_name_is_absolute (override) replace_manpage_separator init_others (override) constants (override) cflags (override) const_cccmd (override) pm_to_blib (override) tool_autosplit (override) tool_sxubpp (override) xsubpp_version (override) tools_other (override) dist (override) c_o (override) xs_c (override) xs_o (override) top_targets (override) dlsyms (override) dynamic_lib (override) dynamic_bs (override) static_lib (override) manifypods (override) processPL (override) installbin (override) subdir_x (override) clean (override) realclean (override) dist_basics (override) dist_core (override) dist_dir (override) dist_test (override) install (override) perldepend (override) makefile (override) test (override) test_via_harness (override) test_via_script (override) makeaperl (override) nicetext (override) __!ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in !ExtUtils::!MakeMaker__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION catfile constants (o) static_lib (o) dynamic_bs (o) dynamic_lib (o) canonpath perl_script pm_to_blib test_via_harness (o) tool_autosplit (override) tools_other (o) xs_o (o) top_targets (o) htmlifypods (o) manifypods (o) dist_ci (o) dist_core (o) pasthru (o) __!ExtUtils::!MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION How To Write A Makefile.PL Default Makefile Behaviour make test make testdb make install PREFIX and LIB attribute AFS users Static Linking of a new Perl Binary Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations Which architecture dependent directory? Using Attributes and Parameters ABSTRACT , ABSTRACT_FROM , AUTHOR , BINARY_LOCATION , C, CAPI , CCFLAGS , CONFIG , CONFIGURE , DEFINE , DIR , DISTNAME , DL_FUNCS , DL_VARS , EXCLUDE_EXT , EXE_FILES , FIRST_MAKEFILE , FULLPERL , FUNCLIST , H, HTMLLIBPODS , HTMLSCRIPTPODS , IMPORTS , INC , INCLUDE_EXT , INSTALLARCHLIB , INSTALLBIN , INSTALLDIRS , INSTALLHTMLPRIVLIBDIR , INSTALLHTMLSCRIPTDIR , INSTALLHTMLSITELIBDIR , INSTALLMAN1DIR , INSTALLMAN3DIR , INSTALLPRIVLIB , INSTALLSCRIPT , INSTALLSITEARCH , INSTALLSITELIB , INST_ARCHLIB , INST_BIN , INST_EXE , INST_HTMLLIBDIR , INST_HTMLSCRIPTDIR , INST_LIB , INST_MAN1DIR , INST_MAN3DIR , INST_SCRIPT , LDFROM , LIB , LIBPERL_A , LIBS , LINKTYPE , MAKEAPERL , MAKEFILE , MAN1PODS , MAN3PODS , MAP_TARGET , MYEXTLIB , NAME , NEEDS_LINKING , NOECHO , NORECURS , NO_VC , OBJECT , OPTIMIZE , PERL , PERLMAINCC , PERL_ARCHLIB , PERL_LIB , PERL_MALLOC_OK , PERL_SRC , PERM_RW , PERM_RWX , PL_FILES , PM , PMLIBDIRS , PM_FILTER , POLLUTE , PPM_INSTALL_EXEC , PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT , PREFIX , PREREQ_PM , SKIP , TYPEMAPS , VERSION , VERSION_FROM , XS , XSOPT , XSPROTOARG , XS_VERSION Additional lowercase attributes clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, realclean, test, tool_autosplit Overriding !MakeMaker Methods Hintsfile support Distribution Support make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest, make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make shdist, make zipdist, make ci Disabling an extension ENVIRONMENT PERL_MM_OPT SEE ALSO AUTHORS __!ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION MANIFEST .SKIP EXPORT_OK GLOBAL VARIABLES DIAGNOSTICS Not in MANIFEST: ''file'', No such file: ''file'', MANIFEST: ''$!'', Added to MANIFEST: ''file'' SEE ALSO AUTHOR __!ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION SEE ALSO __!ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by !DynaLoader__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION __!ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic extension__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION DLBASE , DL_FUNCS , DL_VARS , FILE , FUNCLIST , IMPORTS , NAME AUTHOR REVISION __!ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION USAGE FUNCTIONS ''new()'', ''read()'', ''write()'', ''validate()'', ''packlist_file()'' EXAMPLE AUTHOR __!ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to__ @INC SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION __Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION AUTHOR __Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION NOTE EXPORTED SYMBOLS __File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse EXAMPLES basename, dirname __File::!CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION __File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION RETURN AUTHOR __File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Special behaviour if syscopy is defined ( OS/2 , VMS and Win32) rmscopy($from,$to[[,$date_flag]) RETURN AUTHOR __File::!DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION EXPORTS (by request only) BUGS AUTHOR HISTORY SEE ALSO __File::Find, find - traverse a file tree__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION wanted, bydepth, preprocess, postprocess, follow, follow_fast, follow_skip, no_chdir, untaint, untaint_pattern, untaint_skip CAVEAT __File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION GLOB_ERR, GLOB_MARK, GLOB_NOCASE, GLOB_NOCHECK, GLOB_NOSORT, GLOB_BRACE, GLOB_NOMAGIC, GLOB_QUOTE, GLOB_TILDE, GLOB_CSH, GLOB_ALPHASORT DIAGNOSTICS GLOB_NOSPACE, GLOB_ABEND NOTES AUTHOR __File::Path - create or remove directory trees__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION AUTHORS __File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION SEE ALSO AUTHORS __File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION devnull tmpdir path canonpath splitpath splitdir catpath abs2rel rel2abs SEE ALSO __File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Exports SEE ALSO __File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for MacOS__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION METHODS canonpath catdir catfile curdir devnull rootdir tmpdir updir file_name_is_absolute path splitpath splitdir catpath abs2rel rel2abs SEE ALSO __File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION __File::Spec::Unix - methods used by File::Spec__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION METHODS canonpath catdir catfile curdir devnull rootdir tmpdir updir no_upwards case_tolerant file_name_is_absolute path join splitpath splitdir catpath abs2rel rel2abs SEE ALSO __File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION eliminate_macros fixpath Methods always loaded canonpath (override) catdir catfile curdir (override) devnull (override) rootdir (override) tmpdir (override) updir (override) case_tolerant (override) path (override) file_name_is_absolute (override) splitpath (override) splitdir (override) catpath (override) abs2rel (override) rel2abs (override) SEE ALSO __File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION devnull tmpdir catfile canonpath splitpath splitdir catpath SEE ALSO __File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely__ PORTABILITY SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION FUNCTIONS __tempfile__ __tempdir__ MKTEMP FUNCTIONS __mkstemp__ __mkstemps__ __mkdtemp__ __mktemp__ POSIX FUNCTIONS __tmpnam__ __tmpfile__ ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS __tempnam__ UTILITY FUNCTIONS __unlink0__ PACKAGE VARIABLES __safe_level__, STANDARD , MEDIUM , HIGH TopSystemUID WARNING Temporary files and NFS HISTORY SEE ALSO AUTHOR __File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in__ ''stat()'' __functions__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION NOTE AUTHOR __!FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION BUGS __!FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION $fh-$fh- $fh- $fh- SEE ALSO __!FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION EXPORTABLE VARIABLES KNOWN BUGS AUTHORS COPYRIGHT __GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION AVAILABILITY BUGS SEE ALSO __Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Command Line Options, an Introduction Getting Started with Getopt::Long Simple options A little bit less simple options Mixing command line option with other arguments Options with values Options with multiple values Options with hash values User-defined subroutines to handle options Options with multiple names Case and abbreviations Summary of Option Specifications !, +, s, i, f, : ''type'' [[ ''desttype'' ] Advanced Possibilities Object oriented interface Documentation and help texts Storing options in a hash Bundling The lonesome dash Argument call-back Configuring Getopt::Long default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt, require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always (default: disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix, prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled) Return values and Errors Legacy Default destinations Alternative option starters Configuration variables Trouble Shooting Warning: Ignoring '!' modifier for short option !GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not supplied AUTHOR COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER __Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch clustering__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION __I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current locale__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION __IO__ __- load various IO modules__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION __IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION new ( [[ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (), rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [[, OPTIONS ] SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT __IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CONSTRUCTOR new ( FILENAME [[,MODE [[,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile METHODS open( FILENAME [[,MODE [[,PERMS]] ) SEE ALSO HISTORY __IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CONSTRUCTOR new (), new_from_fd ( FD , MODE ) METHODS $io-FD , MODE ), $io-$io- $io-$io- ORD ), $io- BUF , LEN [[, OFFSET ] ), $io- $io-$io- $io-$io- ARGS ), $io- BOOL ] ), $io- NOTE SEE ALSO BUGS HISTORY __IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CONSTRUCTOR new ( [[ READER , WRITER ] ) METHODS reader ([[ ARGS ]), writer ([[ ARGS ]), handles () SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT __IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION METHODS mask ( IO [[, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [[ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove ( IO ), handles( [[ EVENT_MASK ] ) SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT __IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION $io-$io- $io-POS , WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 ( SEEK_SET ), WHENCE=1 ( SEEK_CUR ), WHENCE=1 ( SEEK_END ), $io- POS , WHENCE ), $io- HISTORY __IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CONSTRUCTOR new ( [[ HANDLES ] ) METHODS add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read ( [[ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [[ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [[ TIMEOUT ] ), count (), ''bits()'', select ( READ , WRITE , ERROR [[, TIMEOUT ] ) EXAMPLE AUTHOR COPYRIGHT __IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CONSTRUCTOR new ( [[ ARGS ] ) METHODS accept([[ PKG ]), socketpair( DOMAIN , TYPE , PROTOCOL ), timeout([[ VAL ]), sockopt( OPT [[, VAL ]), sockdomain, socktype, protocol, connected SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT __IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CONSTRUCTOR new ( [[ ARGS ] ) METHODS sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost () SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT __IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CONSTRUCTOR new ( [[ ARGS ] ) METHODS ''hostpath()'', ''peerpath()'' SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT __IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION new ( [[ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (), rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [[, OPTIONS ] SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT __IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CONSTRUCTOR new ( FILENAME [[,MODE [[,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile METHODS open( FILENAME [[,MODE [[,PERMS]] ) SEE ALSO HISTORY __IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CONSTRUCTOR new (), new_from_fd ( FD , MODE ) METHODS $io-FD , MODE ), $io-$io- $io-$io- ORD ), $io- BUF , LEN [[, OFFSET ] ), $io- $io-$io- $io-$io- ARGS ), $io- BOOL ] ), $io- NOTE SEE ALSO BUGS HISTORY __IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CONSTRUCTOR new ( [[ READER , WRITER ] ) METHODS reader ([[ ARGS ]), writer ([[ ARGS ]), handles () SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT __IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION METHODS mask ( IO [[, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [[ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove ( IO ), handles( [[ EVENT_MASK ] ) SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT __IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION $io-$io- $io-POS , WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 ( SEEK_SET ), WHENCE=1 ( SEEK_CUR ), WHENCE=1 ( SEEK_END ), $io- POS , WHENCE ), $io- HISTORY __IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CONSTRUCTOR new ( [[ HANDLES ] ) METHODS add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read ( [[ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [[ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [[ TIMEOUT ] ), count (), ''bits()'', select ( READ , WRITE , ERROR [[, TIMEOUT ] ) EXAMPLE AUTHOR COPYRIGHT __IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CONSTRUCTOR new ( [[ ARGS ] ) METHODS accept([[ PKG ]), socketpair( DOMAIN , TYPE , PROTOCOL ), timeout([[ VAL ]), sockopt( OPT [[, VAL ]), sockdomain, socktype, protocol, connected SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT __IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CONSTRUCTOR new ( [[ ARGS ] ) METHODS sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost () SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT __IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CONSTRUCTOR new ( [[ ARGS ] ) METHODS ''hostpath()'', ''peerpath()'' SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT __IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION METHODS new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF , LEN [[, TYPE [[, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set ( STAT ), set ( NAME = VALUE [[, NAME = VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE , MSG [[, FLAGS ] ), stat SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT __IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION WARNING SEE ALSO __IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error handling__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION WARNING __IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION METHODS new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ), getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ), set ( NAME =VALUE [[, NAME =VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N , VALUE ), stat SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT __IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION ftok( PATH , ID ) SEE ALSO AUTHORS COPYRIGHT __IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION METHODS new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF , LEN [[, TYPE [[, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set ( STAT ), set ( NAME = VALUE [[, NAME = VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE , MSG [[, FLAGS ] ), stat SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT __IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION METHODS new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ), getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ), set ( NAME =VALUE [[, NAME =VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N , VALUE ), stat SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT __Math::!BigFloat - Arbitrary length float math package__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION number format, Error returns 'NaN', Division is computed to, Rounding is performed BUGS AUTHOR __Math::!BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Canonical notation, Input, Output EXAMPLES Autocreating constants BUGS AUTHOR __Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical functions__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION OPERATIONS CREATION STRINGIFICATION CHANGED IN PERL 5.6 USAGE ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS BUGS AUTHORS __Math::Trig - trigonometric functions__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS __tan__ ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO SIMPLE ( REAL ) ARGUMENTS , COMPLEX RESULTS PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS COORDINATE SYSTEMS 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian, cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES EXAMPLES BUGS AUTHORS __NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files__ SYNOPSIS O_RDONLY, O_WRONLY, O_RDWR DIAGNOSTICS ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key ``...'' at ... BUGS AND WARNINGS __Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Functions Net::Ping-$def_timeout [[, $bytes]]]);, $p- $timeout]);, $p-close()'';, pingecho($host [[, $timeout]); WARNING NOTES __Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*() functions__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION EXAMPLES NOTE AUTHOR __Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*() functions__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION EXAMPLES NOTE AUTHOR __Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*() functions__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION NOTE AUTHOR __Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*() functions__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION EXAMPLES NOTE AUTHOR __O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CONVENTIONS IMPLEMENTATION AUTHOR __ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files__ SYNOPSIS O_RDONLY, O_WRONLY, O_RDWR DIAGNOSTICS odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key ``...'' at ... BUGS AND WARNINGS __Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION NOTE WARNING Operator Names and Operator Lists an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname or optag, an operator set (opset) Opcode Functions opcodes, opset ( OP , ...), opset_to_ops ( OPSET ), opset_to_hex ( OPSET ), full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset ( OPSET ), verify_opset ( OPSET , ...), define_optag ( OPTAG , OPSET ), opmask_add ( OPSET ), opmask, opdesc ( OP , ...), opdump ( PAT ) Manipulating Opsets TO DO (maybe) Predefined Opcode Tags :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math, :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open, :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided, :dangerous SEE ALSO AUTHORS __Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION a new namespace, an operator mask WARNING RECENT CHANGES Methods in class Safe permit ( OP , ...), permit_only ( OP , ...), deny ( OP , ...), deny_only ( OP , ...), trap ( OP , ...), untrap ( OP , ...), share ( NAME , ...), share_from ( PACKAGE , ARRAYREF ), varglob ( VARNAME ), reval ( STRING ), rdo ( FILENAME ), root ( NAMESPACE ), mask ( MASK ) Some Safety Issues Memory, CPU , Snooping, Signals, State Changes AUTHOR __Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION SEE ALSO __POSIX__ __- Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION NOTE CAVEATS FUNCTIONS _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2, atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown, clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime, cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv, execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror, fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf, fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos, fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid, getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid, getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty, iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper, isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10, longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy, memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open, opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts, qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind, rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid, setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp, sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat, strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen, strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod, strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain, tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile, tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc, unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs, wctomb, write CLASSES POSIX::!SigAction new POSIX::!SigSet new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember POSIX::Termios new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag, getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag, setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field values, c_oflag field values PATHNAME CONSTANTS Constants POSIX CONSTANTS Constants SYSTEM CONFIGURATION Constants ERRNO Constants FCNTL Constants FLOAT Constants LIMITS Constants LOCALE Constants MATH Constants SIGNAL Constants STAT Constants, Macros STDLIB Constants STDIO Constants TIME Constants UNISTD Constants WAIT Constants, Macros __Pod::Checker,__ ''podchecker()'' __- check pod documents for syntax errors__ SYNOPSIS OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS ''podchecker()'' __-warnings__ =__val'' DESCRIPTION DIAGNOSTICS Errors empty =headn, =over on line ''N'' without closing =back, =item without previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification, unresolved internal link ''NAME'' , Unknown command ''CMD'' ``, Unknown interior-sequence '' ''SEQ'' ''CMD'' ''CMD'' ''STRING'' , Entity number out of range, malformed link L '' Warnings multiple occurence of link target ''name'', line containing nothing but whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (''one'' vs. ''two''), ''N'' unescaped in paragraph, Unknown entity, No items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph, Verbatim paragraph in NAME section Hyperlinks ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page' deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped or / RETURN VALUE EXAMPLES INTERFACE Pod::Checker- $checker-, $checker- $checker- $checker- $checker- $checker- $checker- AUTHOR __Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION pod_find( { %opts } , @directories ) -verbose =, -perl =, -script =, -inc = simplify_name( $str ) pod_where( { %opts }, $pod ) -inc =, -dirs = , -verbose = contains_pod( $file , $verbose ) AUTHOR SEE ALSO __Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION ARGUMENTS backlink, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index, infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse, title, verbose EXAMPLE ENVIRONMENT AUTHOR SEE ALSO COPYRIGHT __Pod::!InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs, commands, etc.__ SYNOPSIS REQUIRES EXPORTS DESCRIPTION package __Pod::!InputSource__, package __Pod::Paragraph__, package __Pod::!InteriorSequence__, package __Pod::!ParseTree__ __Pod::!InputSource__ ''new()'' ''name()'' ''handle()'' ''was_cutting()'' __Pod::Paragraph__ Pod::Paragraph-new()'' $pod_para-cmd_name()'' $pod_para-text()'' $pod_para-raw_text()'' $pod_para-cmd_prefix()'' $pod_para-cmd_separator()'' $pod_para-parse_tree()'' $pod_para-file_line()'' __Pod::!InteriorSequence__ Pod::!InteriorSequence-new()'' $pod_seq-cmd_name()'' $pod_seq-prepend()'' $pod_seq-append()'' $pod_seq-nested()'' $pod_seq-raw_text()'' $pod_seq-left_delimiter()'' $pod_seq-right_delimiter()'' $pod_seq-parse_tree()'' $pod_seq-file_line()'' Pod::!InteriorSequence:: ''DESTROY ()'' __Pod::!ParseTree__ Pod::!ParseTree-new()'' $ptree-top()'' $ptree-children()'' $ptree-prepend()'' $ptree-append()'' $ptree-raw_text()'' Pod::!ParseTree:: ''DESTROY ()'' SEE ALSO AUTHOR __Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION OBJECT METHODS initialize Data Accessors __!AddPreamble__ __!AddPostamble__ __Head1Level__ __Label__ __!LevelNoNum__ __!MakeIndex__ __ReplaceNAMEwithSection__ __!StartWithNewPage__ __!TableOfContents__ __!UniqueLabels__ __!UserPreamble__ __!UserPostamble__ __Lists__ Subclassed methods __begin_pod__ __end_pod__ __command__ __verbatim__ __textblock__ __interior_sequence__ List Methods __begin_list__ __end_list__ __add_item__ Methods for headings __head__ Internal methods ___output__ ___replace_special_chars__ ___create_label__ ___create_index__ ___clean_latex_commands__ NOTES SEE ALSO AUTHORS COPYRIGHT REVISION __Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, quotes, release, section DIAGNOSTICS roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not ``%s'', Invalid link %s, Invalid quote specification ``%s'', %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph ``%s'', Unknown escape E%s, %s: Unknown command paragraph ``%s'' on line %d, Unmatched =back BUGS SEE ALSO AUTHOR __Pod::!ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Pod::List Pod::List-new()'' $list-file()'' $list-start()'' $list-indent()'' $list-type()'' $list-rx()'' $list-item()'' $list-parent()'' $list-tag()'' Pod::Hyperlink Pod::Hyperlink-new()'' $link- $link- $link-text()'' $link-warning()'' $link-file()'', $link-line()'' $link-page()'' $link-node()'' $link-alttext()'' $link-type()'' $link-link()'' Pod::Cache Pod::Cache-new()'' $cache-item()'' $cache- Pod::Cache::Item Pod::Cache::Item-new()'' $cacheitem-page()'' $cacheitem-description()'' $cacheitem-path()'' $cacheitem-file()'' $cacheitem-nodes()'' $cacheitem- $cacheitem-idx()'' AUTHOR SEE ALSO __Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators__ SYNOPSIS REQUIRES EXPORTS DESCRIPTION QUICK OVERVIEW PARSING OPTIONS __-want_nonPODs__ (default: unset), __-process_cut_cmd__ (default: unset), __-warnings__ (default: unset) RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES ''command()'' $cmd, $text, $line_num, $pod_para ''verbatim()'' $text, $line_num, $pod_para ''textblock()'' $text, $line_num, $pod_para ''interior_sequence()'' OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES ''new()'' ''initialize()'' ''begin_pod()'' ''begin_input()'' ''end_input()'' ''end_pod()'' ''preprocess_line()'' ''preprocess_paragraph()'' METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING ''parse_text()'' __-expand_seq__ =__code-refmethod-name'', __-expand_text__ =__code-refmethod-name'', __-expand_ptree__ = __code-refmethod-name'' ''interpolate()'' ''parse_paragraph()'' ''parse_from_filehandle()'' ''parse_from_file()'' ACCESSOR METHODS ''errorsub()'' ''cutting()'' ''parseopts()'' ''output_file()'' ''output_handle()'' ''input_file()'' ''input_handle()'' ''input_streams()'' ''top_stream()'' PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA ''_push_input_stream()'' ''_pop_input_stream()'' TREE-BASED PARSING SEE ALSO AUTHOR __Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION EXPORT AUTHOR SEE ALSO __Pod::Select,__ ''podselect()'' __- extract selected sections of POD from input__ SYNOPSIS REQUIRES EXPORTS DESCRIPTION SECTION SPECIFICATIONS RANGE SPECIFICATIONS OBJECT METHODS ''curr_headings()'' ''select()'' ''add_selection()'' ''clear_selections()'' ''match_section()'' ''is_selected()'' EXPORTED FUNCTIONS ''podselect()'' __-output__, __-sections__, __-ranges__ PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA ''_compile_section_spec()'' $self- $self- SEE ALSO AUTHOR __Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION alt, indent, loose, quotes, sentence, width DIAGNOSTICS Bizarre space in item, Can't open %s for reading: %s, Invalid quote specification ``%s'', %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph ``%s'', Unknown escape: %s, Unknown sequence: %s, Unmatched =back RESTRICTIONS NOTES SEE ALSO AUTHOR __Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION BUGS SEE ALSO AUTHOR __Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike text__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION BUGS SEE ALSO AUTHOR __Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to ASCII text with format escapes__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION SEE ALSO AUTHOR __Pod::Usage,__ ''pod2usage()'' __- print a usage message from embedded pod documentation__ SYNOPSIS ARGUMENTS -message, -msg, -exitval, -verbose, -output, -input, -pathlist DESCRIPTION EXAMPLES Recommended Use CAVEATS AUTHOR ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS __SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION O_RDONLY, O_WRONLY, O_RDWR DIAGNOSTICS sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key ``...'' at ... BUGS AND WARNINGS __Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION a new namespace, an operator mask WARNING RECENT CHANGES Methods in class Safe permit ( OP , ...), permit_only ( OP , ...), deny ( OP , ...), deny_only ( OP , ...), trap ( OP , ...), untrap ( OP , ...), share ( NAME , ...), share_from ( PACKAGE , ARRAYREF ), varglob ( VARNAME ), reval ( STRING ), rdo ( FILENAME ), root ( NAMESPACE ), mask ( MASK ) Some Safety Issues Memory, CPU , Snooping, Signals, State Changes AUTHOR __Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION __!SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION __!SelfLoader - load functions only on demand__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION The __DATA__ token !SelfLoader autoloading Autoloading and package lexicals !SelfLoader and !AutoLoader __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle. Classes and inherited methods. Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names __Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX AUTHOR __Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C socket.h defines and structure manipulators__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION inet_aton HOSTNAME , inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS , INADDR_ANY , INADDR_BROADCAST , INADDR_LOOPBACK , INADDR_NONE , sockaddr_in PORT , ADDRESS , sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN , pack_sockaddr_in PORT , IP_ADDRESS , unpack_sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN , sockaddr_un PATHNAME , sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN , pack_sockaddr_un PATH , unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN __Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION __Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION AUTHOR __Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl interface to the UNIX__ ''syslog''__(3) calls__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args, setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02), closelog EXAMPLES SEE ALSO AUTHOR __Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl interface to the UNIX__ ''syslog''__(3) calls__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args, setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02), closelog EXAMPLES SEE ALSO AUTHOR __Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION DIAGNOSTICS Invalid attribute name %s, Name ``%s'' used only once: possible typo, No comma allowed after filehandle, Bareword ``%s'' not allowed while ``strict subs'' in use RESTRICTIONS NOTES AUTHORS __Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION EXAMPLES __Term::Complete - Perl word completion module__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION DIAGNOSTICS BUGS AUTHOR __Term::!ReadLine - Perl interface to various__ readline __packages. If no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Minimal set of supported functions !ReadLine, new, readline, addhistory, IN, $OUT, !MinLine, findConsole, Attribs, Features Additional supported functions tkRunning, ornaments, newTTY EXPORTS ENVIRONMENT __Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION TEST TYPES NORMAL TESTS , SKIPPED TESTS , TODO TESTS RETURN VALUE ONFAIL SEE ALSO AUTHOR __Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION The test script output EXPORT DIAGNOSTICS All tests successful.nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s, FAILED tests %sntFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay., Test returned status %d (wstat %d), Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s, Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay. %s ENVIRONMENT SEE ALSO AUTHORS BUGS __Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE __Text::!ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of arrays__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION EXAMPLES AUTHORS __Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described by Knuth__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION EXAMPLES LIMITATIONS AUTHOR __Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix__ ''expand''__(1) and__ ''unexpand''__(1)__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION BUGS AUTHOR __Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE AUTHOR __Thread - manipulate threads in Perl ( EXPERIMENTAL , subject to change)__ CAVEAT SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION FUNCTIONS new LIST , lock VARIABLE , async BLOCK ;, Thread- VARIABLE , cond_signal VARIABLE , cond_broadcast VARIABLE , yield METHODS join, eval, detach, equal, tid LIMITATIONS SEE ALSO __Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION FUNCTIONS AND METHODS new, enqueue LIST , dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending SEE ALSO __Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION FUNCTIONS AND METHODS new, new NUMBER , down, down NUMBER , up, up NUMBER __Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION BUGS __Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION __Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION TIEARRAY classname, LIST , STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index, FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST , POP this, SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST , SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST CAVEATS AUTHOR __Tie::Handle, Tie::!StdHandle - base class definitions for tied handles__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION TIEHANDLE classname, LIST , WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this, LIST , PRINTF this, format, LIST , READ this, scalar, length, offset, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this, EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this MORE INFORMATION COMPATIBILITY __Tie::Hash, Tie::!StdHash - base class definitions for tied hashes__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION TIEHASH classname, LIST , STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this CAVEATS MORE INFORMATION __Tie::!RefHash - use references as hash keys__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE AUTHOR VERSION SEE ALSO __Tie::Scalar, Tie::!StdScalar - base class definitions for tied scalars__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION TIESCALAR classname, LIST , FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this MORE INFORMATION __Tie::!SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CAVEATS __Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION IMPLEMENTATION BUGS __Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in__ ''gmtime()'' __function__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION NOTE AUTHOR __Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in__ ''localtime()'' __function__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION NOTE AUTHOR __Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION AUTHOR __UNIVERSAL__ __- base class for ALL classes (blessed references)__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION isa ( TYPE ), can ( METHOD ), VERSION ( [[ REQUIRE ] ), UNIVERSAL::isa ( VAL , TYPE ), UNIVERSAL::can ( VAL , METHOD ) __User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*() functions__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION NOTE AUTHOR __User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*() functions__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION System Specifics NOTE AUTHOR HISTORY March 18th, 2000 __Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions__ DESCRIPTION Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions Win32::!AbortSystemShutdown( MACHINE ), ''Win32::!BuildNumber()'', Win32::!CopyFile( FROM , TO , OVERWRITE ), ''Win32::!DomainName()'', Win32::!ExpandEnvironmentStrings( STRING ), Win32::!FormatMessage( ERRORCODE ), ''Win32::!FsType()'', Win32::!FreeLibrary( HANDLE ), ''Win32::!GetArchName()'', ''Win32::!GetChipName()'', ''Win32::!GetCwd()'', Win32::!GetFullPathName( FILENAME ), ''Win32::!GetLastError()'', Win32::!GetLongPathName( PATHNAME ), ''Win32::!GetNextAvailDrive()'', ''Win32::GetOSVersion()'', Win32::!GetShortPathName( PATHNAME ), Win32::!GetProcAddress( INSTANCE , PROCNAME ), ''Win32::!GetTickCount()'', Win32::!InitiateSystemShutdown, ''Win32::IsWinNT()'', ''Win32::IsWin95()'', Win32::!LoadLibrary( LIBNAME ), ''Win32::!LoginName()'', Win32::!LookupAccountName( SYSTEM , ACCOUNT , DOMAIN , SID , SIDTYPE ), Win32::LookupAccountSID( SYSTEM , SID , ACCOUNT , DOMAIN , SIDTYPE ), Win32::!MsgBox( MESSAGE [[, FLAGS [[, TITLE ]]), ''Win32::!NodeName()'', Win32::!RegisterServer( LIBRARYNAME ), Win32::!SetCwd( NEWDIRECTORY ), Win32::!SetLastError( ERROR ), Win32::Sleep( TIME ), Win32::Spawn( COMMAND , ARGS , PID ), Win32::!UnregisterServer( LIBRARYNAME ) __XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code__ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION AUTHOR !!AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they don't all have manual pages yet: a2p s2p find2perl h2ph c2ph h2xs xsubpp pod2man wrapsuid !!AUTHOR Larry Wall larry@wall.org'' '' ----
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