version 2, including all changes.
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PERLDELTA |
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!!!PERLDELTA |
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NAME |
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DESCRIPTION |
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Summary of changes between 5.6.0 and 5.6.1 |
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Core Enhancements |
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Modules and Pragmata |
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Utility Changes |
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Improved Documentation |
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Performance enhancements |
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Installation and Configuration Improvements |
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Platform specific changes |
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Significant bug fixes |
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New or Changed Diagnostics |
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New tests |
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Incompatible Changes |
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Known Problems |
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Obsolete Diagnostics |
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Reporting Bugs |
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SEE ALSO |
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HISTORY |
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---- |
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!!NAME |
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perldelta - what's new for perl v5.6.x |
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!!DESCRIPTION |
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This document describes differences between the 5.005 |
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release and the 5.6.1 release. |
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!!Summary of changes between 5.6.0 and 5.6.1 |
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This section contains a summary of the changes between the |
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5.6.0 release and the 5.6.1 release. More details about the |
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changes mentioned here may be found in the ''Changes'' |
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files that accompany the Perl source distribution. See |
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perlhack for pointers to online resources where you can |
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inspect the individual patches described by these |
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changes. |
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__Security Issues__ |
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suidperl will not run /bin/mail anymore, because some |
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platforms have a /bin/mail that is vulnerable to buffer |
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overflow attacks. |
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Note that suidperl is neither built nor installed by default |
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in any recent version of perl. Use of suidperl is highly |
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discouraged. If you think you need it, try alternatives such |
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as sudo first. See |
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http://www.courtesan.com/sudo/. |
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__Core bug fixes__ |
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This is not an exhaustive list. It is intended to cover only |
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the significant user-visible changes. |
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UNIVERSAL::isa() |
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A bug in the caching mechanism used by |
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UNIVERSAL::isa() that affected base.pm has been |
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fixed. The bug has existed since the 5.005 releases, but |
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wasn't tickled by base.pm in those releases. |
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Memory leaks |
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Various cases of memory leaks and attempts to access |
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uninitialized memory have been cured. See ``Known Problems'' |
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below for further issues. |
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Numeric conversions |
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Numeric conversions did not recognize changes in the string |
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value properly in certain circumstances. |
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In other situations, large unsigned numbers (those above |
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2**31) could sometimes lose their unsignedness, causing |
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bogus results in arithmetic operations. |
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Integer modulus on large unsigned integers sometimes |
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returned incorrect values. |
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Perl 5.6.0 generated ``not a number'' warnings on certain |
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conversions where previous versions didn't. |
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These problems have all been rectified. |
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Infinity is now recognized as a number. |
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qw(a\b) |
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In Perl 5.6.0, qw(a\b) produced a string with two |
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backslashes instead of one, in a departure from the behavior |
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in previous versions. The older behavior has been |
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reinstated. |
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''caller()'' |
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''caller()'' could cause core dumps in certain |
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situations. Carp was sometimes affected by this |
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problem. |
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Bugs in regular expressions |
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Pattern matches on overloaded values are now handled |
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correctly. |
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Perl 5.6.0 parsed m/x{ab}/ incorrectly, leading to spurious |
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warnings. This has been corrected. |
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The RE engine found in Perl 5.6.0 |
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accidentally pessimised certain kinds of simple pattern |
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matches. These are now handled better. |
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Regular expression debug output (whether through use re |
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'debug' or via -Dr) now looks |
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better. |
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Multi-line matches like |
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were flawed. The bug has been |
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fixed. |
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Use of $ |
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Match variables $1 et al., weren't being unset when |
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a pattern match was backtracking, and the anomaly showed up |
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inside /...(?{ ... }).../ etc. These variables are |
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now tracked correctly. |
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''pos()'' did not return the correct value within s///ge |
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in earlier versions. This is now handled |
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correctly. |
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``slurp'' mode |
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''readline()'' on files opened in ``slurp'' mode could |
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return an extra |
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'' |
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Autovivification of symbolic references to special |
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variables |
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Autovivification of symbolic references of special variables |
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described in perlvar (as in ${$num}) was |
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accidentally disabled. This works again now. |
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Lexical warnings |
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Lexical warnings now propagate correctly into eval |
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. |
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use warnings qw(FATAL all) did not work as |
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intended. This has been corrected. |
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Lexical warnings could leak into other scopes in some |
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situations. This is now fixed. |
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''warnings::enabled()'' now reports the state of $^W |
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correctly if the caller isn't using lexical |
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warnings. |
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Spurious warnings and errors |
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Perl 5.6.0 could emit spurious warnings about redefinition |
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of ''dl_error()'' when statically building extensions |
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into perl. This has been corrected. |
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``our'' variables could result in bogus ``Variable will not |
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stay shared'' warnings. This is now fixed. |
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``our'' variables of the same name declared in two sibling |
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blocks resulted in bogus warnings about ``redeclaration'' of |
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the variables. The problem has been corrected. |
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''glob()'' |
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Compatibility of the builtin ''glob()'' with old |
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csh-based glob has been improved with the addition of |
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GLOB_ALPHASORT option. See |
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File::Glob. |
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''File::Glob::glob()'' has been renamed to |
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''File::Glob::bsd_glob()'' because the name clashes with |
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the builtin ''glob()''. The older name is still available |
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for compatibility, but is deprecated. |
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Spurious syntax errors generated in certain situations, when |
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''glob()'' caused File::Glob to be loaded for the first |
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time, have been fixed. |
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Tainting |
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Some cases of inconsistent taint propagation (such as within |
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hash values) have been fixed. |
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The tainting behavior of ''sprintf()'' has been |
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rationalized. It does not taint the result of floating point |
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formats anymore, making the behavior consistent with that of |
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string interpolation. |
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''sort()'' |
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Arguments to ''sort()'' weren't being provided the right |
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''wantarray()'' context. The comparison block is now run |
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in scalar context, and the arguments to be sorted are always |
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provided list context. |
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''sort()'' is also fully reentrant, in the sense that the |
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sort function can itself call ''sort()''. This did not |
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work reliably in previous releases. |
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#line directives |
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#line directives now work correctly when they appear at the |
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very beginning of eval |
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. |
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Subroutine prototypes |
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The ( |
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''map()'' |
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''map()'' could get pathologically slow when the result |
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list it generates is larger than the source list. The |
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performance has been improved for common |
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scenarios. |
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Debugger |
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Debugger exit code now reflects the script exit |
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code. |
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Condition in breakpoints is now |
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treated correctly. |
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The d command now checks the line |
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number. |
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$. is no longer corrupted by the |
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debugger. |
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All debugger output now correctly goes to the socket if |
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!RemotePort is set. |
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PERL5OPT |
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PERL5OPT can be set to more than one switch |
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group. Previously, it used to be limited to one group of |
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options only. |
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''chop()'' |
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chop(@list) in list context returned the characters chopped |
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in reverse order. This has been reversed to be in the right |
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order. |
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Unicode support |
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Unicode support has seen a large number of incremental |
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improvements, but continues to be highly experimental. It is |
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not expected to be fully supported in the 5.6.x maintenance |
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releases. |
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''substr()'', ''join()'', ''repeat()'', |
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''reverse()'', ''quotemeta()'' and string |
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concatenation were all handling Unicode strings incorrectly |
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in Perl 5.6.0. This has been corrected. |
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Support for tr///CU and tr///UC etc., have |
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been removed since we realized the interface is broken. For |
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similar functionality, see ``pack'' in |
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perlfunc. |
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The Unicode Character Database has been updated to version |
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3.0.1 with additions made available to the public as of |
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August 30, 2000. |
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|
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The Unicode character classes p{Blank} and p{!SpacePerl} have |
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been added. ``Blank'' is like C ''isblank()'', that is, |
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it contains only ``horizontal whitespace'' (the space |
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character is, the newline isn't), and the ``!SpacePerl'' is |
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the Unicode equivalent of s (p{Space} isn't, since |
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that includes the vertical tabulator character, whereas |
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s doesn't.) |
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If you are experimenting with Unicode support in perl, the |
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development versions of Perl may have more to offer. In |
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particular, I/O layers are now available in the development |
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track, but not in the maintenance track, primarily to do |
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backward compatibility issues. Unicode support is also |
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evolving rapidly on a daily basis in the development |
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track--the maintenance track only reflects the most |
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conservative of these changes. |
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64-bit support |
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Support for 64-bit platforms has been improved, but |
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continues to be experimental. The level of support varies |
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greatly among platforms. |
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Compiler |
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The B Compiler and its various backends have had many |
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incremental improvements, but they continue to remain highly |
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experimental. Use in production environments is |
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discouraged. |
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The perlcc tool has been rewritten so that the user |
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interface is much more like that of a C |
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compiler. |
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The perlbc tools has been removed. Use perlcc -B |
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instead. |
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Lvalue subroutines |
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There have been various bugfixes to support lvalue |
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subroutines better. However, the feature still remains |
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experimental. |
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IO::Socket |
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IO::Socket::INET failed to open the specified port if the |
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service name was not known. It now correctly uses the |
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supplied port number as is. |
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File::Find |
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File::Find now ''chdir()''s correctly when chasing |
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symbolic links. |
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xsubpp |
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xsubpp now tolerates embedded POD |
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sections. |
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no Module; |
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432 |
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433 |
no Module; does not produce an error even if Module |
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|
434 |
does not have an ''unimport()'' method. This parallels |
| |
|
435 |
the behavior of use vis-a-vis |
| |
|
436 |
import. |
| |
|
437 |
|
| |
|
438 |
|
| |
|
439 |
Tests |
| |
|
440 |
|
| |
|
441 |
|
| |
|
442 |
A large number of tests have been added. |
| |
|
443 |
|
| |
|
444 |
|
| |
|
445 |
__Core features__ |
| |
|
446 |
|
| |
|
447 |
|
| |
|
448 |
''untie()'' will now call an ''UNTIE |
| |
|
449 |
()'' hook if it exists. See perltie for |
| |
|
450 |
details. |
| |
|
451 |
|
| |
|
452 |
|
| |
|
453 |
The -DT command line switch outputs copious |
| |
|
454 |
tokenizing information. See perlrun. |
| |
|
455 |
|
| |
|
456 |
|
| |
|
457 |
Arrays are now always interpolated in double-quotish |
| |
|
458 |
strings. Previously, used |
| |
|
459 |
to be a fatal error at compile time, if an array |
| |
|
460 |
@bar was not used or declared. This transitional |
| |
|
461 |
behavior was intended to help migrate perl4 code, and is |
| |
|
462 |
deemed to be no longer useful. See ``Arrays now always |
| |
|
463 |
interpolate into double-quoted strings''. |
| |
|
464 |
|
| |
|
465 |
|
| |
|
466 |
''keys()'', ''each()'', ''pop()'', ''push()'', |
| |
|
467 |
''shift()'', ''splice()'' and ''unshift()'' can all |
| |
|
468 |
be overridden now. |
| |
|
469 |
|
| |
|
470 |
|
| |
|
471 |
my __PACKAGE__ $obj now does the expected |
| |
|
472 |
thing. |
| |
|
473 |
|
| |
|
474 |
|
| |
|
475 |
__Configuration issues__ |
| |
|
476 |
|
| |
|
477 |
|
| |
|
478 |
On some systems ( IRIX and Solaris among |
| |
|
479 |
them) the system malloc is demonstrably better. While the |
| |
|
480 |
defaults haven't been changed in order to retain binary |
| |
|
481 |
compatibility with earlier releases, you may be better off |
| |
|
482 |
building perl with Configure -Uusemymalloc ... as |
| |
|
483 |
discussed in the ''INSTALL'' |
| |
|
484 |
file. |
| |
|
485 |
|
| |
|
486 |
|
| |
|
487 |
Configure has been enhanced in various |
| |
|
488 |
ways: |
| |
|
489 |
|
| |
|
490 |
|
| |
|
491 |
Minimizes use of temporary files. |
| |
|
492 |
|
| |
|
493 |
|
| |
|
494 |
By default, does not link perl with libraries not used by |
| |
|
495 |
it, such as the various dbm libraries. SunOS 4.x hints |
| |
|
496 |
preserve behavior on that platform. |
| |
|
497 |
|
| |
|
498 |
|
| |
|
499 |
Support for pdp11-style memory models has been removed due |
| |
|
500 |
to obsolescence. |
| |
|
501 |
|
| |
|
502 |
|
| |
|
503 |
Building outside the source tree is supported on systems |
| |
|
504 |
that have symbolic links. This is done by |
| |
|
505 |
running |
| |
|
506 |
|
| |
|
507 |
|
| |
|
508 |
sh /path/to/source/Configure -Dmksymlinks ... |
| |
|
509 |
make all test install |
| |
|
510 |
in a directory other than the perl source directory. See ''INSTALL'' . |
| |
|
511 |
|
| |
|
512 |
|
| |
|
513 |
Configure -S can be run |
| |
|
514 |
non-interactively. |
| |
|
515 |
|
| |
|
516 |
|
| |
|
517 |
__Documentation__ |
| |
|
518 |
|
| |
|
519 |
|
| |
|
520 |
README .aix, README .solaris |
| |
|
521 |
and README .macos have been added. |
| |
|
522 |
README .posix-bc has been renamed to |
| |
|
523 |
README .bs2000. These are installed as |
| |
|
524 |
perlaix, perlsolaris, perlmacos, and perlbs2000 |
| |
|
525 |
respectively. |
| |
|
526 |
|
| |
|
527 |
|
| |
|
528 |
The following pod documents are brand new: |
| |
|
529 |
|
| |
|
530 |
|
| |
|
531 |
perlclib Internal replacements for standard C library functions |
| |
|
532 |
perldebtut Perl debugging tutorial |
| |
|
533 |
perlebcdic Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms |
| |
|
534 |
perlnewmod Perl modules: preparing a new module for distribution |
| |
|
535 |
perlrequick Perl regular expressions quick start |
| |
|
536 |
perlretut Perl regular expressions tutorial |
| |
|
537 |
perlutil utilities packaged with the Perl distribution |
| |
|
538 |
The ''INSTALL'' file has been expanded to cover various issues, such as 64-bit support. |
| |
|
539 |
|
| |
|
540 |
|
| |
|
541 |
A longer list of contributors has been added to the source |
| |
|
542 |
distribution. See the file AUTHORS. |
| |
|
543 |
|
| |
|
544 |
|
| |
|
545 |
Numerous other changes have been made to the included |
| |
|
546 |
documentation and FAQs. |
| |
|
547 |
|
| |
|
548 |
|
| |
|
549 |
__Bundled modules__ |
| |
|
550 |
|
| |
|
551 |
|
| |
|
552 |
The following modules have been added. |
| |
|
553 |
|
| |
|
554 |
|
| |
|
555 |
B::Concise |
| |
|
556 |
|
| |
|
557 |
|
| |
|
558 |
Walks Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops. See |
| |
|
559 |
B::Concise. |
| |
|
560 |
|
| |
|
561 |
|
| |
|
562 |
File::Temp |
| |
|
563 |
|
| |
|
564 |
|
| |
|
565 |
Returns name and handle of a temporary file safely. See |
| |
|
566 |
File::Temp. |
| |
|
567 |
|
| |
|
568 |
|
| |
|
569 |
Pod::LaTeX |
| |
|
570 |
|
| |
|
571 |
|
| |
|
572 |
Converts Pod data to formatted LaTeX. See |
| |
|
573 |
Pod::LaTeX. |
| |
|
574 |
|
| |
|
575 |
|
| |
|
576 |
Pod::Text::Overstrike |
| |
|
577 |
|
| |
|
578 |
|
| |
|
579 |
Converts POD data to formatted overstrike |
| |
|
580 |
text. See Pod::Text::Overstrike. |
| |
|
581 |
|
| |
|
582 |
|
| |
|
583 |
The following modules have been upgraded. |
| |
|
584 |
|
| |
|
585 |
|
| |
|
586 |
CGI |
| |
|
587 |
|
| |
|
588 |
|
| |
|
589 |
CGI v2.752 is now included. |
| |
|
590 |
|
| |
|
591 |
|
| |
|
592 |
CPAN |
| |
|
593 |
|
| |
|
594 |
|
| |
|
595 |
CPAN v1.59_54 is now included. |
| |
|
596 |
|
| |
|
597 |
|
| |
|
598 |
Class::Struct |
| |
|
599 |
|
| |
|
600 |
|
| |
|
601 |
Various bugfixes have been added. |
| |
|
602 |
|
| |
|
603 |
|
| |
|
604 |
DB_File |
| |
|
605 |
|
| |
|
606 |
|
| |
|
607 |
DB_File v1.75 supports newer Berkeley DB |
| |
|
608 |
versions, among other improvements. |
| |
|
609 |
|
| |
|
610 |
|
| |
|
611 |
Devel::Peek |
| |
|
612 |
|
| |
|
613 |
|
| |
|
614 |
Devel::Peek has been enhanced to support dumping of memory |
| |
|
615 |
statistics, when perl is built with the included |
| |
|
616 |
''malloc()''. |
| |
|
617 |
|
| |
|
618 |
|
| |
|
619 |
File::Find |
| |
|
620 |
|
| |
|
621 |
|
| |
|
622 |
File::Find now supports pre and post-processing of the files |
| |
|
623 |
in order to ''sort()'' them, etc. |
| |
|
624 |
|
| |
|
625 |
|
| |
|
626 |
Getopt::Long |
| |
|
627 |
|
| |
|
628 |
|
| |
|
629 |
Getopt::Long v2.25 is included. |
| |
|
630 |
|
| |
|
631 |
|
| |
|
632 |
IO::Poll |
| |
|
633 |
|
| |
|
634 |
|
| |
|
635 |
Various bug fixes have been included. |
| |
|
636 |
|
| |
|
637 |
|
| |
|
638 |
IPC::Open3 |
| |
|
639 |
|
| |
|
640 |
|
| |
|
641 |
IPC::Open3 allows use of numeric file |
| |
|
642 |
descriptors. |
| |
|
643 |
|
| |
|
644 |
|
| 2 |
perry |
645 |
Math::!BigFloat |
| 1 |
perry |
646 |
|
| |
|
647 |
|
| |
|
648 |
The ''fmod()'' function supports modulus operations. |
| |
|
649 |
Various bug fixes have also been included. |
| |
|
650 |
|
| |
|
651 |
|
| |
|
652 |
Math::Complex |
| |
|
653 |
|
| |
|
654 |
|
| |
|
655 |
Math::Complex handles inf, NaN etc., better. |
| |
|
656 |
|
| |
|
657 |
|
| |
|
658 |
Net::Ping |
| |
|
659 |
|
| |
|
660 |
|
| |
|
661 |
''ping()'' could fail on odd number of data bytes, and |
| |
|
662 |
when the echo service isn't running. This has been |
| |
|
663 |
corrected. |
| |
|
664 |
|
| |
|
665 |
|
| |
|
666 |
Opcode |
| |
|
667 |
|
| |
|
668 |
|
| |
|
669 |
A memory leak has been fixed. |
| |
|
670 |
|
| |
|
671 |
|
| |
|
672 |
Pod::Parser |
| |
|
673 |
|
| |
|
674 |
|
| |
|
675 |
Version 1.13 of the Pod::Parser suite is |
| |
|
676 |
included. |
| |
|
677 |
|
| |
|
678 |
|
| |
|
679 |
Pod::Text |
| |
|
680 |
|
| |
|
681 |
|
| |
|
682 |
Pod::Text and related modules have been upgraded to the |
| |
|
683 |
versions in podlators suite v2.08. |
| |
|
684 |
|
| |
|
685 |
|
| |
|
686 |
SDBM_File |
| |
|
687 |
|
| |
|
688 |
|
| |
|
689 |
On dosish platforms, some keys went missing because of lack |
| |
|
690 |
of support for files with ``holes''. A workaround for the |
| |
|
691 |
problem has been added. |
| |
|
692 |
|
| |
|
693 |
|
| |
|
694 |
Sys::Syslog |
| |
|
695 |
|
| |
|
696 |
|
| |
|
697 |
Various bug fixes have been included. |
| |
|
698 |
|
| |
|
699 |
|
| 2 |
perry |
700 |
Tie::!RefHash |
| 1 |
perry |
701 |
|
| |
|
702 |
|
| 2 |
perry |
703 |
Now supports Tie::!RefHash::Nestable to automagically tie |
| 1 |
perry |
704 |
hashref values. |
| |
|
705 |
|
| |
|
706 |
|
| 2 |
perry |
707 |
Tie::!SubstrHash |
| 1 |
perry |
708 |
|
| |
|
709 |
|
| |
|
710 |
Various bug fixes have been included. |
| |
|
711 |
|
| |
|
712 |
|
| |
|
713 |
__Platform-specific improvements__ |
| |
|
714 |
|
| |
|
715 |
|
| |
|
716 |
The following new ports are now available. |
| |
|
717 |
|
| |
|
718 |
|
| |
|
719 |
NCR MP-RAS |
| |
|
720 |
|
| |
|
721 |
|
| 2 |
perry |
722 |
!NonStop-UX |
| 1 |
perry |
723 |
|
| |
|
724 |
|
| |
|
725 |
Perl now builds under Amdahl UTS |
| |
|
726 |
. |
| |
|
727 |
|
| |
|
728 |
|
| |
|
729 |
Perl has also been verified to build under Amiga |
| |
|
730 |
OS . |
| |
|
731 |
|
| |
|
732 |
|
| |
|
733 |
Support for EPOC has been much improved. See |
| |
|
734 |
README .epoc. |
| |
|
735 |
|
| |
|
736 |
|
| |
|
737 |
Building perl with -Duseithreads or -Duse5005threads now |
| |
|
738 |
works under HP-UX 10.20 (previously it only worked under |
| |
|
739 |
10.30 or later). You will need a thread library package |
| |
|
740 |
installed. See README .hpux. |
| |
|
741 |
|
| |
|
742 |
|
| |
|
743 |
Long doubles should now work under Linux. |
| |
|
744 |
|
| |
|
745 |
|
| |
|
746 |
MacOS Classic is now supported in the mainstream source |
| |
|
747 |
package. See README .macos. |
| |
|
748 |
|
| |
|
749 |
|
| |
|
750 |
Support for MPE/iX has been updated. See |
| |
|
751 |
README .mpeix. |
| |
|
752 |
|
| |
|
753 |
|
| |
|
754 |
Support for OS/2 has been improved. See |
| |
|
755 |
os2/Changes and README |
| |
|
756 |
.os2. |
| |
|
757 |
|
| |
|
758 |
|
| |
|
759 |
Dynamic loading on z/OS (formerly OS/390 ) |
| |
|
760 |
has been improved. See README |
| |
|
761 |
.os390. |
| |
|
762 |
|
| |
|
763 |
|
| |
|
764 |
Support for VMS has seen many incremental |
| |
|
765 |
improvements, including better support for operators like |
| |
|
766 |
backticks and ''system()'', and better %ENV |
| |
|
767 |
handling. See README.vms and perlvms. |
| |
|
768 |
|
| |
|
769 |
|
| |
|
770 |
Support for Stratus VOS has been improved. |
| |
|
771 |
See vos/Changes and README |
| |
|
772 |
.vos. |
| |
|
773 |
|
| |
|
774 |
|
| |
|
775 |
Support for Windows has been improved. |
| |
|
776 |
|
| |
|
777 |
|
| |
|
778 |
''fork()'' emulation has been improved in various ways, |
| |
|
779 |
but still continues to be experimental. See perlfork for |
| |
|
780 |
known bugs and caveats. |
| |
|
781 |
|
| |
|
782 |
|
| |
|
783 |
%SIG has been enabled under USE_ITHREADS , |
| |
|
784 |
but its use is completely unsupported under all |
| |
|
785 |
configurations. |
| |
|
786 |
|
| |
|
787 |
|
| |
|
788 |
Borland C ++ v5.5 is now a supported compiler |
| |
|
789 |
that can build Perl. However, the generated binaries |
| |
|
790 |
continue to be incompatible with those generated by the |
| |
|
791 |
other supported compilers ( GCC and Visual C |
| |
|
792 |
++ ). |
| |
|
793 |
|
| |
|
794 |
|
| |
|
795 |
Non-blocking waits for child processes (or pseudo-processes) |
| |
|
796 |
are supported via waitpid($pid, |
| |
|
797 |
. |
| |
|
798 |
|
| |
|
799 |
|
| |
|
800 |
A memory leak in ''accept()'' has been |
| |
|
801 |
fixed. |
| |
|
802 |
|
| |
|
803 |
|
| |
|
804 |
''wait()'', ''waitpid()'' and backticks now return the |
| |
|
805 |
correct exit status under Windows 9x. |
| |
|
806 |
|
| |
|
807 |
|
| |
|
808 |
Trailing new %ENV entries weren't propagated to |
| |
|
809 |
child processes. This is now fixed. |
| |
|
810 |
|
| |
|
811 |
|
| |
|
812 |
Current directory entries in %ENV are now correctly |
| |
|
813 |
propagated to child processes. |
| |
|
814 |
|
| |
|
815 |
|
| |
|
816 |
Duping socket handles with open(F, `` |
| |
|
817 |
|
| |
|
818 |
|
| |
|
819 |
The makefiles now provide a single switch to bulk-enable all |
| 2 |
perry |
820 |
the features enabled in !ActiveState !ActivePerl (a popular |
| 1 |
perry |
821 |
binary distribution). |
| |
|
822 |
|
| |
|
823 |
|
| 2 |
perry |
824 |
''Win32::!GetCwd()'' correctly returns C:\ instead of C: |
| 1 |
perry |
825 |
when at the drive root. Other bugs in ''chdir()'' and |
| |
|
826 |
''Cwd::cwd()'' have also been fixed. |
| |
|
827 |
|
| |
|
828 |
|
| |
|
829 |
''fork()'' correctly returns undef and sets |
| |
|
830 |
EAGAIN when it runs out of pseudo-process |
| |
|
831 |
handles. |
| |
|
832 |
|
| |
|
833 |
|
| 2 |
perry |
834 |
!ExtUtils::!MakeMaker now uses $ENV{ |
| 1 |
perry |
835 |
LIB } to search for libraries. |
| |
|
836 |
|
| |
|
837 |
|
| |
|
838 |
UNC path handling is better when perl is |
| |
|
839 |
built to support ''fork()''. |
| |
|
840 |
|
| |
|
841 |
|
| |
|
842 |
A handle leak in socket handling has been |
| |
|
843 |
fixed. |
| |
|
844 |
|
| |
|
845 |
|
| |
|
846 |
''send()'' works from within a |
| |
|
847 |
pseudo-process. |
| |
|
848 |
|
| |
|
849 |
|
| |
|
850 |
Unless specifically qualified otherwise, the remainder of |
| |
|
851 |
this document covers changes between the 5.005 and 5.6.0 |
| |
|
852 |
releases. |
| |
|
853 |
!!Core Enhancements |
| |
|
854 |
|
| |
|
855 |
|
| |
|
856 |
__Interpreter cloning, threads, and |
| |
|
857 |
concurrency__ |
| |
|
858 |
|
| |
|
859 |
|
| |
|
860 |
Perl 5.6.0 introduces the beginnings of support for running |
| |
|
861 |
multiple interpreters concurrently in different threads. In |
| |
|
862 |
conjunction with the ''perl_clone()'' API |
| |
|
863 |
call, which can be used to selectively duplicate the state |
| |
|
864 |
of any given interpreter, it is possible to compile a piece |
| |
|
865 |
of code once in an interpreter, clone that interpreter one |
| |
|
866 |
or more times, and run all the resulting interpreters in |
| |
|
867 |
distinct threads. |
| |
|
868 |
|
| |
|
869 |
|
| |
|
870 |
On the Windows platform, this feature is used to emulate |
| |
|
871 |
''fork()'' at the interpreter level. See perlfork for |
| |
|
872 |
details about that. |
| |
|
873 |
|
| |
|
874 |
|
| |
|
875 |
This feature is still in evolution. It is eventually meant |
| |
|
876 |
to be used to selectively clone a subroutine and data |
| |
|
877 |
reachable from that subroutine in a separate interpreter and |
| |
|
878 |
run the cloned subroutine in a separate thread. Since there |
| |
|
879 |
is no shared data between the interpreters, little or no |
| |
|
880 |
locking will be needed (unless parts of the symbol table are |
| |
|
881 |
explicitly shared). This is obviously intended to be an |
| |
|
882 |
easy-to-use replacement for the existing threads |
| |
|
883 |
support. |
| |
|
884 |
|
| |
|
885 |
|
| |
|
886 |
Support for cloning interpreters and interpreter concurrency |
| |
|
887 |
can be enabled using the -Dusethreads Configure option (see |
| |
|
888 |
win32/Makefile for how to enable it on Windows.) The |
| |
|
889 |
resulting perl executable will be functionally identical to |
| |
|
890 |
one that was built with -Dmultiplicity, but the |
| |
|
891 |
''perl_clone()'' API call will only be |
| |
|
892 |
available in the former. |
| |
|
893 |
|
| |
|
894 |
|
| |
|
895 |
-Dusethreads enables the cpp macro |
| |
|
896 |
USE_ITHREADS by default, which in turn |
| |
|
897 |
enables Perl source code changes that provide a clear |
| |
|
898 |
separation between the op tree and the data it operates |
| |
|
899 |
with. The former is immutable, and can therefore be shared |
| |
|
900 |
between an interpreter and all of its clones, while the |
| |
|
901 |
latter is considered local to each interpreter, and is |
| |
|
902 |
therefore copied for each clone. |
| |
|
903 |
|
| |
|
904 |
|
| |
|
905 |
Note that building Perl with the -Dusemultiplicity Configure |
| |
|
906 |
option is adequate if you wish to run multiple |
| |
|
907 |
__independent__ interpreters concurrently in different |
| |
|
908 |
threads. -Dusethreads only provides the additional |
| |
|
909 |
functionality of the ''perl_clone()'' API |
| |
|
910 |
call and other support for running __cloned__ |
| |
|
911 |
interpreters concurrently. |
| |
|
912 |
|
| |
|
913 |
|
| |
|
914 |
NOTE: This is an experimental feature. Implementation details are |
| |
|
915 |
subject to change. |
| |
|
916 |
|
| |
|
917 |
|
| |
|
918 |
__Lexically scoped warning categories__ |
| |
|
919 |
|
| |
|
920 |
|
| |
|
921 |
You can now control the granularity of warnings emitted by |
| |
|
922 |
perl at a finer level using the use warnings |
| |
|
923 |
pragma. warnings and perllexwarn have copious documentation |
| |
|
924 |
on this feature. |
| |
|
925 |
|
| |
|
926 |
|
| |
|
927 |
__Unicode and UTF-8 support__ |
| |
|
928 |
|
| |
|
929 |
|
| |
|
930 |
Perl now uses UTF-8 as its internal |
| |
|
931 |
representation for character strings. The utf8 and |
| |
|
932 |
bytes pragmas are used to control this support in |
| |
|
933 |
the current lexical scope. See perlunicode, utf8 and bytes |
| |
|
934 |
for more information. |
| |
|
935 |
|
| |
|
936 |
|
| |
|
937 |
This feature is expected to evolve quickly to support some |
| |
|
938 |
form of I/O disciplines that can be used to specify the kind |
| |
|
939 |
of input and output data (bytes or characters). Until that |
| |
|
940 |
happens, additional modules from CPAN will be |
| |
|
941 |
needed to complete the toolkit for dealing with |
| |
|
942 |
Unicode. |
| |
|
943 |
|
| |
|
944 |
|
| |
|
945 |
NOTE: This should be considered an experimental feature. Implementation |
| |
|
946 |
details are subject to change. |
| |
|
947 |
|
| |
|
948 |
|
| |
|
949 |
__Support for interpolating named |
| |
|
950 |
characters__ |
| |
|
951 |
|
| |
|
952 |
|
| |
|
953 |
The new N escape interpolates named characters |
| |
|
954 |
within strings. For example, |
| |
|
955 |
evaluates to a string with a Unicode smiley |
| |
|
956 |
face at the end. |
| |
|
957 |
|
| |
|
958 |
|
| |
|
959 |
__``our'' declarations__ |
| |
|
960 |
|
| |
|
961 |
|
| |
|
962 |
An ``our'' declaration introduces a value that can be best |
| |
|
963 |
understood as a lexically scoped symbolic alias to a global |
| |
|
964 |
variable in the package that was current where the variable |
| |
|
965 |
was declared. This is mostly useful as an alternative to the |
| |
|
966 |
vars pragma, but also provides the opportunity to |
| |
|
967 |
introduce typing and other attributes for such variables. |
| |
|
968 |
See ``our'' in perlfunc. |
| |
|
969 |
|
| |
|
970 |
|
| |
|
971 |
__Support for strings represented as a vector of |
| |
|
972 |
ordinals__ |
| |
|
973 |
|
| |
|
974 |
|
| |
|
975 |
Literals of the form v1.2.3.4 are now parsed as a |
| |
|
976 |
string composed of characters with the specified ordinals. |
| |
|
977 |
This is an alternative, more readable way to construct |
| |
|
978 |
(possibly Unicode) strings instead of interpolating |
| |
|
979 |
characters, as in . The |
| |
|
980 |
leading v may be omitted if there are more than two |
| |
|
981 |
ordinals, so 1.2.3 is parsed the same as |
| |
|
982 |
v1.2.3. |
| |
|
983 |
|
| |
|
984 |
|
| |
|
985 |
Strings written in this form are also useful to represent |
| |
|
986 |
version ``numbers''. It is easy to compare such version |
| |
|
987 |
``numbers'' (which are really just plain strings) using any |
| |
|
988 |
of the usual string comparison operators eq, |
| |
|
989 |
ne, lt, gt, etc., or perform |
| |
|
990 |
bitwise string operations on them using , , |
| |
|
991 |
etc. |
| |
|
992 |
|
| |
|
993 |
|
| |
|
994 |
In conjunction with the new $^V magic variable |
| |
|
995 |
(which contains the perl version as a string), such literals |
| |
|
996 |
can be used as a readable way to check if you're running a |
| |
|
997 |
particular version of Perl: |
| |
|
998 |
|
| |
|
999 |
|
| |
|
1000 |
# this will parse in older versions of Perl also |
| |
|
1001 |
if ($^V and $^V gt v5.6.0) { |
| |
|
1002 |
# new features supported |
| |
|
1003 |
} |
| |
|
1004 |
require and use also have some special magic to support such literals. They will be interpreted as a version rather than as a module name: |
| |
|
1005 |
|
| |
|
1006 |
|
| |
|
1007 |
require v5.6.0; # croak if $^V lt v5.6.0 |
| |
|
1008 |
use v5.6.0; # same, but croaks at compile-time |
| |
|
1009 |
Alternatively, the v may be omitted if there is more than one dot: |
| |
|
1010 |
|
| |
|
1011 |
|
| |
|
1012 |
require 5.6.0; |
| |
|
1013 |
use 5.6.0; |
| |
|
1014 |
Also, sprintf and printf support the Perl-specific format flag %v to print ordinals of characters in arbitrary strings: |
| |
|
1015 |
|
| |
|
1016 |
|
| |
|
1017 |
printf |
| |
|
1018 |
See ``Scalar value constructors'' in perldata for additional information. |
| |
|
1019 |
|
| |
|
1020 |
|
| |
|
1021 |
__Improved Perl version numbering system__ |
| |
|
1022 |
|
| |
|
1023 |
|
| |
|
1024 |
Beginning with Perl version 5.6.0, the version number |
| |
|
1025 |
convention has been changed to a ``dotted integer'' scheme |
| |
|
1026 |
that is more commonly found in open source |
| |
|
1027 |
projects. |
| |
|
1028 |
|
| |
|
1029 |
|
| |
|
1030 |
Maintenance versions of v5.6.0 will be released as v5.6.1, |
| |
|
1031 |
v5.6.2 etc. The next development series following v5.6.0 |
| |
|
1032 |
will be numbered v5.7.x, beginning with v5.7.0, and the next |
| |
|
1033 |
major production release following v5.6.0 will be |
| |
|
1034 |
v5.8.0. |
| |
|
1035 |
|
| |
|
1036 |
|
| |
|
1037 |
The English module now sets $PERL_VERSION to $^V (a |
| |
|
1038 |
string value) rather than $] (a numeric value). |
| |
|
1039 |
(This is a potential incompatibility. Send us a report via |
| |
|
1040 |
perlbug if you are affected by this.) |
| |
|
1041 |
|
| |
|
1042 |
|
| |
|
1043 |
The v1.2.3 syntax is also now legal in Perl. See ``Support |
| |
|
1044 |
for strings represented as a vector of ordinals'' for more |
| |
|
1045 |
on that. |
| |
|
1046 |
|
| |
|
1047 |
|
| |
|
1048 |
To cope with the new versioning system's use of at least |
| |
|
1049 |
three significant digits for each version component, the |
| |
|
1050 |
method used for incrementing the subversion number has also |
| |
|
1051 |
changed slightly. We assume that versions older than v5.6.0 |
| |
|
1052 |
have been incrementing the subversion component in multiples |
| |
|
1053 |
of 10. Versions after v5.6.0 will increment them by 1. Thus, |
| |
|
1054 |
using the new notation, 5.005_03 is the ``same'' as v5.5.30, |
| |
|
1055 |
and the first maintenance version following v5.6.0 will be |
| |
|
1056 |
v5.6.1 (which should be read as being equivalent to a |
| |
|
1057 |
floating point value of 5.006_001 in the older format, |
| |
|
1058 |
stored in $]). |
| |
|
1059 |
|
| |
|
1060 |
|
| |
|
1061 |
__New syntax for declaring subroutine |
| |
|
1062 |
attributes__ |
| |
|
1063 |
|
| |
|
1064 |
|
| |
|
1065 |
Formerly, if you wanted to mark a subroutine as being a |
| |
|
1066 |
method call or as requiring an automatic ''lock()'' when |
| |
|
1067 |
it is entered, you had to declare that with a use |
| |
|
1068 |
attrs pragma in the body of the subroutine. That can |
| |
|
1069 |
now be accomplished with declaration syntax, like |
| |
|
1070 |
this: |
| |
|
1071 |
|
| |
|
1072 |
|
| |
|
1073 |
sub mymethod : locked method ; |
| |
|
1074 |
... |
| |
|
1075 |
sub mymethod : locked method { |
| |
|
1076 |
... |
| |
|
1077 |
} |
| |
|
1078 |
sub othermethod :locked :method ; |
| |
|
1079 |
... |
| |
|
1080 |
sub othermethod :locked :method { |
| |
|
1081 |
... |
| |
|
1082 |
} |
| |
|
1083 |
(Note how only the first : is mandatory, and whitespace surrounding the : is optional.) |
| |
|
1084 |
|
| |
|
1085 |
|
| 2 |
perry |
1086 |
''!AutoSplit.pm'' and ''!SelfLoader.pm'' have been |
| 1 |
perry |
1087 |
updated to keep the attributes with the stubs they provide. |
| |
|
1088 |
See attributes. |
| |
|
1089 |
|
| |
|
1090 |
|
| |
|
1091 |
__File and directory handles can be |
| |
|
1092 |
autovivified__ |
| |
|
1093 |
|
| |
|
1094 |
|
| |
|
1095 |
Similar to how constructs such as $x- |
| |
|
1096 |
autovivify a reference, handle constructors (''open()'', |
| |
|
1097 |
''opendir()'', ''pipe()'', ''socketpair()'', |
| |
|
1098 |
''sysopen()'', ''socket()'', and ''accept()'') now |
| |
|
1099 |
autovivify a file or directory handle if the handle passed |
| |
|
1100 |
to them is an uninitialized scalar variable. This allows the |
| |
|
1101 |
constructs such as open(my $fh, ...) and |
| |
|
1102 |
open(local $fh,...) to be used to create |
| |
|
1103 |
filehandles that will conveniently be closed automatically |
| |
|
1104 |
when the scope ends, provided there are no other references |
| |
|
1105 |
to them. This largely eliminates the need for typeglobs when |
| |
|
1106 |
opening filehandles that must be passed around, as in the |
| |
|
1107 |
following example: |
| |
|
1108 |
|
| |
|
1109 |
|
| |
|
1110 |
sub myopen { |
| |
|
1111 |
open my $fh, |
| |
|
1112 |
{ |
| |
|
1113 |
my $f = myopen( |
| |
|
1114 |
|
| |
|
1115 |
|
| |
|
1116 |
''open()'' __with more than two |
| |
|
1117 |
arguments__ |
| |
|
1118 |
|
| |
|
1119 |
|
| |
|
1120 |
If ''open()'' is passed three arguments instead of two, |
| |
|
1121 |
the second argument is used as the mode and the third |
| |
|
1122 |
argument is taken to be the file name. This is primarily |
| |
|
1123 |
useful for protecting against unintended magic behavior of |
| |
|
1124 |
the traditional two-argument form. See ``open'' in |
| |
|
1125 |
perlfunc. |
| |
|
1126 |
|
| |
|
1127 |
|
| |
|
1128 |
__64-bit support__ |
| |
|
1129 |
|
| |
|
1130 |
|
| |
|
1131 |
Any platform that has 64-bit integers either |
| |
|
1132 |
|
| |
|
1133 |
|
| |
|
1134 |
(1) natively as longs or ints |
| |
|
1135 |
(2) via special compiler flags |
| |
|
1136 |
(3) using long long or int64_t |
| |
|
1137 |
is able to use ``quads'' (64-bit integers) as follows: |
| |
|
1138 |
|
| |
|
1139 |
|
| |
|
1140 |
constants (decimal, hexadecimal, octal, binary) in the |
| |
|
1141 |
code |
| |
|
1142 |
|
| |
|
1143 |
|
| |
|
1144 |
arguments to ''oct()'' and ''hex()'' |
| |
|
1145 |
|
| |
|
1146 |
|
| |
|
1147 |
arguments to ''print()'', ''printf()'' and |
| |
|
1148 |
''sprintf()'' (flag prefixes ll, L, q) |
| |
|
1149 |
|
| |
|
1150 |
|
| |
|
1151 |
printed as such |
| |
|
1152 |
|
| |
|
1153 |
|
| |
|
1154 |
''pack()'' and ''unpack()'' ``q'' and ``Q'' |
| |
|
1155 |
formats |
| |
|
1156 |
|
| |
|
1157 |
|
| |
|
1158 |
in basic arithmetics: + - * / % ( NOTE: |
| |
|
1159 |
operating close to the limits of the integer values may |
| |
|
1160 |
produce surprising results) |
| |
|
1161 |
|
| |
|
1162 |
|
| |
|
1163 |
in bit arithmetics: |
| |
|
1164 |
NOTE: these used to be forced to be 32 bits |
| |
|
1165 |
wide but now operate on the full native width.) |
| |
|
1166 |
|
| |
|
1167 |
|
| |
|
1168 |
''vec()'' |
| |
|
1169 |
|
| |
|
1170 |
|
| |
|
1171 |
Note that unless you have the case (a) you will have to |
| |
|
1172 |
configure and compile Perl using the -Duse64bitint Configure |
| |
|
1173 |
flag. |
| |
|
1174 |
|
| |
|
1175 |
|
| |
|
1176 |
NOTE: The Configure flags -Duselonglong and -Duse64bits have been |
| |
|
1177 |
deprecated. Use -Duse64bitint instead. |
| |
|
1178 |
There are actually two modes of 64-bitness: the first one is achieved using Configure -Duse64bitint and the second one using Configure -Duse64bitall. The difference is that the first one is minimal and the second one maximal. The first works in more places than the second. |
| |
|
1179 |
|
| |
|
1180 |
|
| |
|
1181 |
The use64bitint does only as much as is required to |
| |
|
1182 |
get 64-bit integers into Perl (this may mean, for example, |
| |
|
1183 |
using ``long longs'') while your memory may still be limited |
| |
|
1184 |
to 2 gigabytes (because your pointers could still be |
| |
|
1185 |
32-bit). Note that the name 64bitint does not imply |
| |
|
1186 |
that your C compiler will be using 64-bit ints (it |
| |
|
1187 |
might, but it doesn't have to): the use64bitint |
| |
|
1188 |
means that you will be able to have 64 bits wide scalar |
| |
|
1189 |
values. |
| |
|
1190 |
|
| |
|
1191 |
|
| |
|
1192 |
The use64bitall goes all the way by attempting to |
| |
|
1193 |
switch also integers (if it can), longs (and pointers) to |
| |
|
1194 |
being 64-bit. This may create an even more binary |
| |
|
1195 |
incompatible Perl than -Duse64bitint: the resulting |
| |
|
1196 |
executable may not run at all in a 32-bit box, or you may |
| |
|
1197 |
have to reboot/reconfigure/rebuild your operating system to |
| |
|
1198 |
be 64-bit aware. |
| |
|
1199 |
|
| |
|
1200 |
|
| |
|
1201 |
Natively 64-bit systems like Alpha and Cray need neither |
| |
|
1202 |
-Duse64bitint nor -Duse64bitall. |
| |
|
1203 |
|
| |
|
1204 |
|
| |
|
1205 |
Last but not least: note that due to Perl's habit of always |
| |
|
1206 |
using floating point numbers, the quads are still not true |
| |
|
1207 |
integers. When quads overflow their limits |
| |
|
1208 |
(0...18_446_744_073_709_551_615 unsigned, |
| |
|
1209 |
-9_223_372_036_854_775_808...9_223_372_036_854_775_807 |
| |
|
1210 |
signed), they are silently promoted to floating point |
| |
|
1211 |
numbers, after which they will start losing precision (in |
| |
|
1212 |
their lower digits). |
| |
|
1213 |
|
| |
|
1214 |
|
| |
|
1215 |
NOTE: 64-bit support is still experimental on most platforms. |
| |
|
1216 |
Existing support only covers the LP64 data model. In particular, the |
| |
|
1217 |
LLP64 data model is not yet supported. 64-bit libraries and system |
| |
|
1218 |
APIs on many platforms have not stabilized--your mileage may vary. |
| |
|
1219 |
|
| |
|
1220 |
|
| |
|
1221 |
__Large file support__ |
| |
|
1222 |
|
| |
|
1223 |
|
| |
|
1224 |
If you have filesystems that support ``large files'' (files |
| |
|
1225 |
larger than 2 gigabytes), you may now also be able to create |
| |
|
1226 |
and access them from Perl. |
| |
|
1227 |
|
| |
|
1228 |
|
| |
|
1229 |
NOTE: The default action is to enable large file support, if |
| |
|
1230 |
available on the platform. |
| |
|
1231 |
If the large file support is on, and you have a Fcntl constant O_LARGEFILE, the O_LARGEFILE is automatically added to the flags of ''sysopen()''. |
| |
|
1232 |
|
| |
|
1233 |
|
| |
|
1234 |
Beware that unless your filesystem also supports ``sparse |
| |
|
1235 |
files'' seeking to umpteen petabytes may be |
| |
|
1236 |
inadvisable. |
| |
|
1237 |
|
| |
|
1238 |
|
| |
|
1239 |
Note that in addition to requiring a proper file system to |
| |
|
1240 |
do large files you may also need to adjust your per-process |
| |
|
1241 |
(or your per-system, or per-process-group, or |
| |
|
1242 |
per-user-group) maximum filesize limits before running Perl |
| |
|
1243 |
scripts that try to handle large files, especially if you |
| |
|
1244 |
intend to write such files. |
| |
|
1245 |
|
| |
|
1246 |
|
| |
|
1247 |
Finally, in addition to your process/process group maximum |
| |
|
1248 |
filesize limits, you may have quota limits on your |
| |
|
1249 |
filesystems that stop you (your user id or your user group |
| |
|
1250 |
id) from using large files. |
| |
|
1251 |
|
| |
|
1252 |
|
| |
|
1253 |
Adjusting your process/user/group/file system/operating |
| |
|
1254 |
system limits is outside the scope of Perl core language. |
| |
|
1255 |
For process limits, you may try increasing the limits using |
| |
|
1256 |
your shell's limits/limit/ulimit command before running |
| |
|
1257 |
Perl. The BSD::Resource extension (not included with the |
| |
|
1258 |
standard Perl distribution) may also be of use, it offers |
| |
|
1259 |
the getrlimit/setrlimit interface that can be used to adjust |
| |
|
1260 |
process resource usage limits, including the maximum |
| |
|
1261 |
filesize limit. |
| |
|
1262 |
|
| |
|
1263 |
|
| |
|
1264 |
__Long doubles__ |
| |
|
1265 |
|
| |
|
1266 |
|
| |
|
1267 |
In some systems you may be able to use long doubles to |
| |
|
1268 |
enhance the range and precision of your double precision |
| |
|
1269 |
floating point numbers (that is, Perl's numbers). Use |
| |
|
1270 |
Configure -Duselongdouble to enable this support (if it is |
| |
|
1271 |
available). |
| |
|
1272 |
|
| |
|
1273 |
|
| |
|
1274 |
__``more bits''__ |
| |
|
1275 |
|
| |
|
1276 |
|
| |
|
1277 |
You can ``Configure -Dusemorebits'' to turn on both the |
| |
|
1278 |
64-bit support and the long double support. |
| |
|
1279 |
|
| |
|
1280 |
|
| |
|
1281 |
__Enhanced support for__ ''sort()'' |
| |
|
1282 |
__subroutines__ |
| |
|
1283 |
|
| |
|
1284 |
|
| |
|
1285 |
Perl subroutines with a prototype of ($$), and |
| |
|
1286 |
XSUBs in general, can now be used as sort subroutines. In |
| |
|
1287 |
either case, the two elements to be compared are passed as |
| |
|
1288 |
normal parameters in @_. See ``sort'' in |
| |
|
1289 |
perlfunc. |
| |
|
1290 |
|
| |
|
1291 |
|
| |
|
1292 |
For unprototyped sort subroutines, the historical behavior |
| |
|
1293 |
of passing the elements to be compared as the global |
| |
|
1294 |
variables $a and $b remains |
| |
|
1295 |
unchanged. |
| |
|
1296 |
|
| |
|
1297 |
|
| |
|
1298 |
sort $coderef @foo __allowed__ |
| |
|
1299 |
|
| |
|
1300 |
|
| |
|
1301 |
''sort()'' did not accept a subroutine reference as the |
| |
|
1302 |
comparison function in earlier versions. This is now |
| |
|
1303 |
permitted. |
| |
|
1304 |
|
| |
|
1305 |
|
| |
|
1306 |
__File globbing implemented internally__ |
| |
|
1307 |
|
| |
|
1308 |
|
| |
|
1309 |
Perl now uses the File::Glob implementation of the |
| |
|
1310 |
''glob()'' operator automatically. This avoids using an |
| |
|
1311 |
external csh process and the problems associated with |
| |
|
1312 |
it. |
| |
|
1313 |
|
| |
|
1314 |
|
| |
|
1315 |
NOTE: This is currently an experimental feature. Interfaces and |
| |
|
1316 |
implementation are subject to change. |
| |
|
1317 |
|
| |
|
1318 |
|
| |
|
1319 |
__Support for CHECK blocks__ |
| |
|
1320 |
|
| |
|
1321 |
|
| |
|
1322 |
In addition to BEGIN, INIT, END, |
| |
|
1323 |
DESTROY and AUTOLOAD, subroutines named |
| |
|
1324 |
CHECK are now special. These are queued up during |
| |
|
1325 |
compilation and behave similar to END blocks, |
| |
|
1326 |
except they are called at the end of compilation rather than |
| |
|
1327 |
at the end of execution. They cannot be called |
| |
|
1328 |
directly. |
| |
|
1329 |
|
| |
|
1330 |
|
| |
|
1331 |
__POSIX character class syntax [[: :] |
| |
|
1332 |
supported__ |
| |
|
1333 |
|
| |
|
1334 |
|
| |
|
1335 |
For example to match alphabetic characters use |
| |
|
1336 |
/[[[[:alpha:]]/. See perlre for details. |
| |
|
1337 |
|
| |
|
1338 |
|
| |
|
1339 |
__Better pseudo-random number generator__ |
| |
|
1340 |
|
| |
|
1341 |
|
| |
|
1342 |
In 5.005_0x and earlier, perl's ''rand()'' function used |
| |
|
1343 |
the C library rand(3) function. As of 5.005_52, |
| |
|
1344 |
Configure tests for ''drand48()'', ''random()'', and |
| |
|
1345 |
''rand()'' (in that order) and picks the first one it |
| |
|
1346 |
finds. |
| |
|
1347 |
|
| |
|
1348 |
|
| |
|
1349 |
These changes should result in better random numbers from |
| |
|
1350 |
''rand()''. |
| |
|
1351 |
|
| |
|
1352 |
|
| |
|
1353 |
__Improved__ qw// __operator__ |
| |
|
1354 |
|
| |
|
1355 |
|
| |
|
1356 |
The qw// operator is now evaluated at compile time |
| |
|
1357 |
into a true list instead of being replaced with a run time |
| |
|
1358 |
call to split(). This removes the confusing |
| |
|
1359 |
misbehaviour of qw// in scalar context, which had |
| |
|
1360 |
inherited that behaviour from ''split()''. |
| |
|
1361 |
|
| |
|
1362 |
|
| |
|
1363 |
Thus: |
| |
|
1364 |
|
| |
|
1365 |
|
| |
|
1366 |
$foo = ($bar) = qw(a b c); print |
| |
|
1367 |
now correctly prints ``3a'', instead of ``2a''. |
| |
|
1368 |
|
| |
|
1369 |
|
| |
|
1370 |
__Better worst-case behavior of hashes__ |
| |
|
1371 |
|
| |
|
1372 |
|
| |
|
1373 |
Small changes in the hashing algorithm have been implemented |
| |
|
1374 |
in order to improve the distribution of lower order bits in |
| |
|
1375 |
the hashed value. This is expected to yield better |
| |
|
1376 |
performance on keys that are repeated |
| |
|
1377 |
sequences. |
| |
|
1378 |
|
| |
|
1379 |
|
| |
|
1380 |
''pack()'' __format 'Z' supported__ |
| |
|
1381 |
|
| |
|
1382 |
|
| |
|
1383 |
The new format type 'Z' is useful for packing and unpacking |
| |
|
1384 |
null-terminated strings. See ``pack'' in |
| |
|
1385 |
perlfunc. |
| |
|
1386 |
|
| |
|
1387 |
|
| |
|
1388 |
''pack()'' __format modifier '!' |
| |
|
1389 |
supported__ |
| |
|
1390 |
|
| |
|
1391 |
|
| |
|
1392 |
The new format type modifier '!' is useful for packing and |
| |
|
1393 |
unpacking native shorts, ints, and longs. See ``pack'' in |
| |
|
1394 |
perlfunc. |
| |
|
1395 |
|
| |
|
1396 |
|
| |
|
1397 |
''pack()'' __and__ ''unpack()'' __support counted |
| |
|
1398 |
strings__ |
| |
|
1399 |
|
| |
|
1400 |
|
| |
|
1401 |
The template character '/' can be used to specify a counted |
| |
|
1402 |
string type to be packed or unpacked. See ``pack'' in |
| |
|
1403 |
perlfunc. |
| |
|
1404 |
|
| |
|
1405 |
|
| |
|
1406 |
__Comments in__ ''pack()'' |
| |
|
1407 |
__templates__ |
| |
|
1408 |
|
| |
|
1409 |
|
| |
|
1410 |
The '#' character in a template introduces a comment up to |
| |
|
1411 |
end of the line. This facilitates documentation of |
| |
|
1412 |
''pack()'' templates. |
| |
|
1413 |
|
| |
|
1414 |
|
| |
|
1415 |
__Weak references__ |
| |
|
1416 |
|
| |
|
1417 |
|
| |
|
1418 |
In previous versions of Perl, you couldn't cache objects so |
| |
|
1419 |
as to allow them to be deleted if the last reference from |
| |
|
1420 |
outside the cache is deleted. The reference in the cache |
| |
|
1421 |
would hold a reference count on the object and the objects |
| |
|
1422 |
would never be destroyed. |
| |
|
1423 |
|
| |
|
1424 |
|
| |
|
1425 |
Another familiar problem is with circular references. When |
| |
|
1426 |
an object references itself, its reference count would never |
| |
|
1427 |
go down to zero, and it would not get destroyed until the |
| |
|
1428 |
program is about to exit. |
| |
|
1429 |
|
| |
|
1430 |
|
| |
|
1431 |
Weak references solve this by allowing you to ``weaken'' any |
| |
|
1432 |
reference, that is, make it not count towards the reference |
| |
|
1433 |
count. When the last non-weak reference to an object is |
| |
|
1434 |
deleted, the object is destroyed and all the weak references |
| |
|
1435 |
to the object are automatically undef-ed. |
| |
|
1436 |
|
| |
|
1437 |
|
| 2 |
perry |
1438 |
To use this feature, you need the !WeakRef package from |
| 1 |
perry |
1439 |
CPAN , which contains additional |
| |
|
1440 |
documentation. |
| |
|
1441 |
|
| |
|
1442 |
|
| |
|
1443 |
NOTE: This is an experimental feature. Details are subject to change. |
| |
|
1444 |
|
| |
|
1445 |
|
| |
|
1446 |
__Binary numbers supported__ |
| |
|
1447 |
|
| |
|
1448 |
|
| |
|
1449 |
Binary numbers are now supported as literals, in s?printf |
| |
|
1450 |
formats, and oct(): |
| |
|
1451 |
|
| |
|
1452 |
|
| |
|
1453 |
$answer = 0b101010; |
| |
|
1454 |
printf |
| |
|
1455 |
|
| |
|
1456 |
|
| |
|
1457 |
__Lvalue subroutines__ |
| |
|
1458 |
|
| |
|
1459 |
|
| |
|
1460 |
Subroutines can now return modifiable lvalues. See ``Lvalue |
| |
|
1461 |
subroutines'' in perlsub. |
| |
|
1462 |
|
| |
|
1463 |
|
| |
|
1464 |
NOTE: This is an experimental feature. Details are subject to change. |
| |
|
1465 |
|
| |
|
1466 |
|
| |
|
1467 |
__Some arrows may be omitted in calls through |
| |
|
1468 |
references__ |
| |
|
1469 |
|
| |
|
1470 |
|
| |
|
1471 |
Perl now allows the arrow to be omitted in many constructs |
| |
|
1472 |
involving subroutine calls through references. For example, |
| |
|
1473 |
$foo[[10]- may now be written |
| |
|
1474 |
$foo[[10]('foo'). This is rather similar to how the |
| |
|
1475 |
arrow may be omitted from $foo[[10]-. |
| |
|
1476 |
Note however, that the arrow is still required for |
| |
|
1477 |
foo(10)-. |
| |
|
1478 |
|
| |
|
1479 |
|
| |
|
1480 |
__Boolean assignment operators are legal |
| |
|
1481 |
lvalues__ |
| |
|
1482 |
|
| |
|
1483 |
|
| |
|
1484 |
Constructs such as ($a = 2) += 1 are now |
| |
|
1485 |
allowed. |
| |
|
1486 |
|
| |
|
1487 |
|
| |
|
1488 |
''exists()'' __is supported on subroutine |
| |
|
1489 |
names__ |
| |
|
1490 |
|
| |
|
1491 |
|
| |
|
1492 |
The ''exists()'' builtin now works on subroutine names. A |
| |
|
1493 |
subroutine is considered to exist if it has been declared |
| |
|
1494 |
(even if implicitly). See ``exists'' in perlfunc for |
| |
|
1495 |
examples. |
| |
|
1496 |
|
| |
|
1497 |
|
| |
|
1498 |
''exists()'' __and__ ''delete()'' __are supported |
| |
|
1499 |
on array elements__ |
| |
|
1500 |
|
| |
|
1501 |
|
| |
|
1502 |
The ''exists()'' and ''delete()'' builtins now work on |
| |
|
1503 |
simple arrays as well. The behavior is similar to that on |
| |
|
1504 |
hash elements. |
| |
|
1505 |
|
| |
|
1506 |
|
| |
|
1507 |
''exists()'' can be used to check whether an array |
| |
|
1508 |
element has been initialized. This avoids autovivifying |
| |
|
1509 |
array elements that don't exist. If the array is tied, the |
| |
|
1510 |
''EXISTS ()'' method in the corresponding |
| |
|
1511 |
tied package will be invoked. |
| |
|
1512 |
|
| |
|
1513 |
|
| |
|
1514 |
''delete()'' may be used to remove an element from the |
| |
|
1515 |
array and return it. The array element at that position |
| |
|
1516 |
returns to its uninitialized state, so that testing for the |
| |
|
1517 |
same element with ''exists()'' will return false. If the |
| |
|
1518 |
element happens to be the one at the end, the size of the |
| |
|
1519 |
array also shrinks up to the highest element that tests true |
| |
|
1520 |
for ''exists()'', or 0 if none such is found. If the |
| |
|
1521 |
array is tied, the ''DELETE ()'' method in |
| |
|
1522 |
the corresponding tied package will be invoked. |
| |
|
1523 |
|
| |
|
1524 |
|
| |
|
1525 |
See ``exists'' in perlfunc and ``delete'' in perlfunc for |
| |
|
1526 |
examples. |
| |
|
1527 |
|
| |
|
1528 |
|
| |
|
1529 |
__Pseudo-hashes work better__ |
| |
|
1530 |
|
| |
|
1531 |
|
| |
|
1532 |
Dereferencing some types of reference values in a |
| |
|
1533 |
pseudo-hash, such as $ph-, was |
| |
|
1534 |
accidentally disallowed. This has been |
| |
|
1535 |
corrected. |
| |
|
1536 |
|
| |
|
1537 |
|
| |
|
1538 |
When applied to a pseudo-hash element, ''exists()'' now |
| |
|
1539 |
reports whether the specified value exists, not merely if |
| |
|
1540 |
the key is valid. |
| |
|
1541 |
|
| |
|
1542 |
|
| |
|
1543 |
''delete()'' now works on pseudo-hashes. When given a |
| |
|
1544 |
pseudo-hash element or slice it deletes the values |
| |
|
1545 |
corresponding to the keys (but not the keys themselves). See |
| |
|
1546 |
``Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash'' in |
| |
|
1547 |
perlref. |
| |
|
1548 |
|
| |
|
1549 |
|
| |
|
1550 |
Pseudo-hash slices with constant keys are now optimized to |
| |
|
1551 |
array lookups at compile-time. |
| |
|
1552 |
|
| |
|
1553 |
|
| |
|
1554 |
List assignments to pseudo-hash slices are now |
| |
|
1555 |
supported. |
| |
|
1556 |
|
| |
|
1557 |
|
| |
|
1558 |
The fields pragma now provides ways to create |
| |
|
1559 |
pseudo-hashes, via ''fields::new()'' and |
| |
|
1560 |
''fields::phash()''. See fields. |
| |
|
1561 |
|
| |
|
1562 |
|
| |
|
1563 |
NOTE: The pseudo-hash data type continues to be experimental. |
| |
|
1564 |
Limiting oneself to the interface elements provided by the |
| |
|
1565 |
fields pragma will provide protection from any future changes. |
| |
|
1566 |
|
| |
|
1567 |
|
| |
|
1568 |
__Automatic flushing of output buffers__ |
| |
|
1569 |
|
| |
|
1570 |
|
| |
|
1571 |
''fork()'', ''exec()'', ''system()'', qx//, and |
| |
|
1572 |
pipe ''open()''s now flush buffers of all files opened |
| |
|
1573 |
for output when the operation was attempted. This mostly |
| |
|
1574 |
eliminates confusing buffering mishaps suffered by users |
| |
|
1575 |
unaware of how Perl internally handles I/O. |
| |
|
1576 |
|
| |
|
1577 |
|
| |
|
1578 |
This is not supported on some platforms like Solaris where a |
| |
|
1579 |
suitably correct implementation of fflush( |
| |
|
1580 |
NULL ) isn't available. |
| |
|
1581 |
|
| |
|
1582 |
|
| |
|
1583 |
__Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle |
| |
|
1584 |
operations__ |
| |
|
1585 |
|
| |
|
1586 |
|
| |
|
1587 |
Constructs such as open( and |
| |
|
1588 |
close( are compile time errors. |
| |
|
1589 |
Attempting to read from filehandles that were opened only |
| |
|
1590 |
for writing will now produce warnings (just as writing to |
| |
|
1591 |
read-only filehandles does). |
| |
|
1592 |
|
| |
|
1593 |
|
| |
|
1594 |
__Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input |
| |
|
1595 |
filehandle__ |
| |
|
1596 |
|
| |
|
1597 |
|
| |
|
1598 |
open(NEW, now attempts to |
| |
|
1599 |
discard any data that was previously read and buffered in |
| |
|
1600 |
OLD before duping the handle. On platforms where |
| |
|
1601 |
doing this is allowed, the next read operation on |
| |
|
1602 |
NEW will return the same data as the corresponding |
| |
|
1603 |
operation on OLD. Formerly, it would have returned |
| |
|
1604 |
the data from the start of the following disk block |
| |
|
1605 |
instead. |
| |
|
1606 |
|
| |
|
1607 |
|
| |
|
1608 |
''eof()'' __has the same old magic as |
| |
|
1609 |
__ |
| |
|
1610 |
|
| |
|
1611 |
|
| |
|
1612 |
eof() would return true if no attempt to read from |
| |
|
1613 |
had yet been made. eof() has been |
| |
|
1614 |
changed to have a little magic of its own, it now opens the |
| |
|
1615 |
files. |
| |
|
1616 |
|
| |
|
1617 |
|
| |
|
1618 |
''binmode()'' __can be used to set :crlf and :raw |
| |
|
1619 |
modes__ |
| |
|
1620 |
|
| |
|
1621 |
|
| |
|
1622 |
''binmode()'' now accepts a second argument that |
| |
|
1623 |
specifies a discipline for the handle in question. The two |
| |
|
1624 |
pseudo-disciplines ``:raw'' and ``:crlf'' are currently |
| |
|
1625 |
supported on DOS-derivative platforms. See ``binmode'' in |
| |
|
1626 |
perlfunc and open. |
| |
|
1627 |
|
| |
|
1628 |
|
| |
|
1629 |
-T __filetest recognizes UTF-8 |
| |
|
1630 |
encoded files as ``text''__ |
| |
|
1631 |
|
| |
|
1632 |
|
| |
|
1633 |
The algorithm used for the -T filetest has been |
| |
|
1634 |
enhanced to correctly identify UTF-8 content |
| |
|
1635 |
as ``text''. |
| |
|
1636 |
|
| |
|
1637 |
|
| |
|
1638 |
''system()''__, backticks and pipe open now reflect__ |
| |
|
1639 |
''exec()'' __failure__ |
| |
|
1640 |
|
| |
|
1641 |
|
| |
|
1642 |
On Unix and similar platforms, ''system()'', ''qx()'' |
| |
|
1643 |
and open( FOO , ``cmd '') etc., are |
| |
|
1644 |
implemented via ''fork()'' and ''exec()''. When the |
| |
|
1645 |
underlying ''exec()'' fails, earlier versions did not |
| |
|
1646 |
report the error properly, since the ''exec()'' happened |
| |
|
1647 |
to be in a different process. |
| |
|
1648 |
|
| |
|
1649 |
|
| |
|
1650 |
The child process now communicates with the parent about the |
| |
|
1651 |
error in launching the external command, which allows these |
| |
|
1652 |
constructs to return with their usual error value and set |
| |
|
1653 |
$!. |
| |
|
1654 |
|
| |
|
1655 |
|
| |
|
1656 |
__Improved diagnostics__ |
| |
|
1657 |
|
| |
|
1658 |
|
| |
|
1659 |
Line numbers are no longer suppressed (under most likely |
| |
|
1660 |
circumstances) during the global destruction |
| |
|
1661 |
phase. |
| |
|
1662 |
|
| |
|
1663 |
|
| |
|
1664 |
Diagnostics emitted from code running in threads other than |
| |
|
1665 |
the main thread are now accompanied by the thread |
| |
|
1666 |
ID . |
| |
|
1667 |
|
| |
|
1668 |
|
| |
|
1669 |
Embedded null characters in diagnostics now actually show |
| |
|
1670 |
up. They used to truncate the message in prior |
| |
|
1671 |
versions. |
| |
|
1672 |
|
| |
|
1673 |
|
| |
|
1674 |
$foo::a and $foo::b are now exempt from ``possible |
| |
|
1675 |
typo'' warnings only if ''sort()'' is encountered in |
| |
|
1676 |
package foo. |
| |
|
1677 |
|
| |
|
1678 |
|
| |
|
1679 |
Unrecognized alphabetic escapes encountered when parsing |
| |
|
1680 |
quote constructs now generate a warning, since they may take |
| |
|
1681 |
on new semantics in later versions of Perl. |
| |
|
1682 |
|
| |
|
1683 |
|
| |
|
1684 |
Many diagnostics now report the internal operation in which |
| |
|
1685 |
the warning was provoked, like so: |
| |
|
1686 |
|
| |
|
1687 |
|
| |
|
1688 |
Use of uninitialized value in concatenation (.) at (eval 1) line 1. |
| |
|
1689 |
Use of uninitialized value in print at (eval 1) line 1. |
| |
|
1690 |
Diagnostics that occur within eval may also report the file and line number where the eval is located, in addition to the eval sequence number and the line number within the evaluated text itself. For example: |
| |
|
1691 |
|
| |
|
1692 |
|
| |
|
1693 |
Not enough arguments for scalar at (eval 4)[[newlib/perl5db.pl:1411] line 2, at EOF |
| |
|
1694 |
|
| |
|
1695 |
|
| |
|
1696 |
__Diagnostics follow STDERR__ |
| |
|
1697 |
|
| |
|
1698 |
|
| |
|
1699 |
Diagnostic output now goes to whichever file the |
| |
|
1700 |
STDERR handle is pointing at, instead of always |
| |
|
1701 |
going to the underlying C runtime library's |
| |
|
1702 |
stderr. |
| |
|
1703 |
|
| |
|
1704 |
|
| |
|
1705 |
__More consistent close-on-exec behavior__ |
| |
|
1706 |
|
| |
|
1707 |
|
| |
|
1708 |
On systems that support a close-on-exec flag on filehandles, |
| |
|
1709 |
the flag is now set for any handles created by |
| |
|
1710 |
''pipe()'', ''socketpair()'', ''socket()'', and |
| |
|
1711 |
''accept()'', if that is warranted by the value of $^F |
| |
|
1712 |
that may be in effect. Earlier versions neglected to set the |
| |
|
1713 |
flag for handles created with these operators. See ``pipe'' |
| |
|
1714 |
in perlfunc, ``socketpair'' in perlfunc, ``socket'' in |
| |
|
1715 |
perlfunc, ``accept'' in perlfunc, and ``$^F'' in |
| |
|
1716 |
perlvar. |
| |
|
1717 |
|
| |
|
1718 |
|
| |
|
1719 |
''syswrite()'' __ease-of-use__ |
| |
|
1720 |
|
| |
|
1721 |
|
| |
|
1722 |
The length argument of syswrite() has become |
| |
|
1723 |
optional. |
| |
|
1724 |
|
| |
|
1725 |
|
| |
|
1726 |
__Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary |
| |
|
1727 |
operators__ |
| |
|
1728 |
|
| |
|
1729 |
|
| |
|
1730 |
Expressions such as: |
| |
|
1731 |
|
| |
|
1732 |
|
| |
|
1733 |
print defined( |
| |
|
1734 |
used to be accidentally allowed in earlier versions, and produced unpredictable behaviour. Some produced ancillary warnings when used in this way; others silently did the wrong thing. |
| |
|
1735 |
|
| |
|
1736 |
|
| |
|
1737 |
The parenthesized forms of most unary operators that expect |
| |
|
1738 |
a single argument now ensure that they are not called with |
| |
|
1739 |
more than one argument, making the cases shown above syntax |
| |
|
1740 |
errors. The usual behaviour of: |
| |
|
1741 |
|
| |
|
1742 |
|
| |
|
1743 |
print defined |
| |
|
1744 |
remains unchanged. See perlop. |
| |
|
1745 |
|
| |
|
1746 |
|
| |
|
1747 |
__Bit operators support full native integer |
| |
|
1748 |
width__ |
| |
|
1749 |
|
| |
|
1750 |
|
| |
|
1751 |
The bit operators ( |
| |
|
1752 |
$Config{ivsize}). For example, if |
| |
|
1753 |
your platform is either natively 64-bit or if Perl has been |
| |
|
1754 |
configured to use 64-bit integers, these operations apply to |
| |
|
1755 |
8 bytes (as opposed to 4 bytes on 32-bit platforms). For |
| |
|
1756 |
portability, be sure to mask off the excess bits in the |
| |
|
1757 |
result of unary ~, e.g., ~$x |
| |
|
1758 |
. |
| |
|
1759 |
|
| |
|
1760 |
|
| |
|
1761 |
__Improved security features__ |
| |
|
1762 |
|
| |
|
1763 |
|
| |
|
1764 |
More potentially unsafe operations taint their results for |
| |
|
1765 |
improved security. |
| |
|
1766 |
|
| |
|
1767 |
|
| |
|
1768 |
The passwd and shell fields returned by |
| |
|
1769 |
the ''getpwent()'', ''getpwnam()'', and |
| |
|
1770 |
''getpwuid()'' are now tainted, because the user can |
| |
|
1771 |
affect their own encrypted password and login |
| |
|
1772 |
shell. |
| |
|
1773 |
|
| |
|
1774 |
|
| |
|
1775 |
The variable modified by ''shmread()'', and messages |
| |
|
1776 |
returned by ''msgrcv()'' (and its object-oriented |
| |
|
1777 |
interface IPC::SysV::Msg::rcv) are also tainted, because |
| |
|
1778 |
other untrusted processes can modify messages and shared |
| |
|
1779 |
memory segments for their own nefarious |
| |
|
1780 |
purposes. |
| |
|
1781 |
|
| |
|
1782 |
|
| |
|
1783 |
__More functional bareword prototype (*)__ |
| |
|
1784 |
|
| |
|
1785 |
|
| |
|
1786 |
Bareword prototypes have been rationalized to enable them to |
| |
|
1787 |
be used to override builtins that accept barewords and |
| |
|
1788 |
interpret them in a special way, such as require or |
| |
|
1789 |
do. |
| |
|
1790 |
|
| |
|
1791 |
|
| |
|
1792 |
Arguments prototyped as * will now be visible |
| |
|
1793 |
within the subroutine as either a simple scalar or as a |
| |
|
1794 |
reference to a typeglob. See ``Prototypes'' in |
| |
|
1795 |
perlsub. |
| |
|
1796 |
|
| |
|
1797 |
|
| |
|
1798 |
require __and__ do __may be |
| |
|
1799 |
overridden__ |
| |
|
1800 |
|
| |
|
1801 |
|
| |
|
1802 |
require and do 'file' operations may be |
| |
|
1803 |
overridden locally by importing subroutines of the same name |
| |
|
1804 |
into the current package (or globally by importing them into |
| |
|
1805 |
the CORE::GLOBAL:: namespace). Overriding |
| |
|
1806 |
require will also affect use, provided the |
| |
|
1807 |
override is visible at compile-time. See ``Overriding |
| |
|
1808 |
Built-in Functions'' in perlsub. |
| |
|
1809 |
|
| |
|
1810 |
|
| |
|
1811 |
__$^X variables may now have names longer than one |
| |
|
1812 |
character__ |
| |
|
1813 |
|
| |
|
1814 |
|
| |
|
1815 |
Formerly, $^X was synonymous with ${``cX''}, but $^XY was a |
| |
|
1816 |
syntax error. Now variable names that begin with a control |
| |
|
1817 |
character may be arbitrarily long. However, for |
| |
|
1818 |
compatibility reasons, these variables ''must'' be |
| |
|
1819 |
written with explicit braces, as ${^XY} for |
| |
|
1820 |
example. ${^XYZ} is synonymous with ${``cXYZ''}. |
| |
|
1821 |
Variable names with more than one control character, such as |
| |
|
1822 |
${^XY^Z}, are illegal. |
| |
|
1823 |
|
| |
|
1824 |
|
| |
|
1825 |
The old syntax has not changed. As before, `^X' may be |
| |
|
1826 |
either a literal control-X character or the two-character |
| |
|
1827 |
sequence `caret' plus `X'. When braces are omitted, the |
| |
|
1828 |
variable name stops after the control character. Thus |
| |
|
1829 |
continues to be synonymous with |
| |
|
1830 |
$^X . as before. |
| |
|
1831 |
|
| |
|
1832 |
|
| |
|
1833 |
As before, lexical variables may not have names beginning |
| |
|
1834 |
with control characters. As before, variables whose names |
| |
|
1835 |
begin with a control character are always forced to be in |
| |
|
1836 |
package `main'. All such variables are reserved for future |
| |
|
1837 |
extensions, except those that begin with ^_, which |
| |
|
1838 |
may be used by user programs and are guaranteed not to |
| |
|
1839 |
acquire special meaning in any future version of |
| |
|
1840 |
Perl. |
| |
|
1841 |
|
| |
|
1842 |
|
| |
|
1843 |
__New variable $^C reflects__ -c |
| |
|
1844 |
__switch__ |
| |
|
1845 |
|
| |
|
1846 |
|
| |
|
1847 |
$^C has a boolean value that reflects whether perl |
| |
|
1848 |
is being run in compile-only mode (i.e. via the -c |
| |
|
1849 |
switch). Since BEGIN blocks are executed |
| |
|
1850 |
under such conditions, this variable enables perl code to |
| |
|
1851 |
determine whether actions that make sense only during normal |
| |
|
1852 |
running are warranted. See perlvar. |
| |
|
1853 |
|
| |
|
1854 |
|
| |
|
1855 |
__New variable $^V contains Perl version as a |
| |
|
1856 |
string__ |
| |
|
1857 |
|
| |
|
1858 |
|
| |
|
1859 |
$^V contains the Perl version number as a string |
| |
|
1860 |
composed of characters whose ordinals match the version |
| |
|
1861 |
numbers, i.e. v5.6.0. This may be used in string |
| |
|
1862 |
comparisons. |
| |
|
1863 |
|
| |
|
1864 |
|
| |
|
1865 |
See Support for strings represented as a vector of |
| |
|
1866 |
ordinals for an example. |
| |
|
1867 |
|
| |
|
1868 |
|
| |
|
1869 |
__Optional Y2K warnings__ |
| |
|
1870 |
|
| |
|
1871 |
|
| |
|
1872 |
If Perl is built with the cpp macro PERL_Y2KWARN |
| |
|
1873 |
defined, it emits optional warnings when concatenating the |
| |
|
1874 |
number 19 with another number. |
| |
|
1875 |
|
| |
|
1876 |
|
| |
|
1877 |
This behavior must be specifically enabled when running |
| |
|
1878 |
Configure. See ''INSTALL'' and |
| |
|
1879 |
''README .Y2K''. |
| |
|
1880 |
|
| |
|
1881 |
|
| |
|
1882 |
__Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted |
| |
|
1883 |
strings__ |
| |
|
1884 |
|
| |
|
1885 |
|
| |
|
1886 |
In double-quoted strings, arrays now interpolate, no matter |
| |
|
1887 |
what. The behavior in earlier versions of perl 5 was that |
| |
|
1888 |
arrays would interpolate into strings if the array had been |
| |
|
1889 |
mentioned before the string was compiled, and otherwise Perl |
| |
|
1890 |
would raise a fatal compile-time error. In versions 5.000 |
| |
|
1891 |
through 5.003, the error was |
| |
|
1892 |
|
| |
|
1893 |
|
| |
|
1894 |
Literal @example now requires backslash |
| |
|
1895 |
In versions 5.004_01 through 5.6.0, the error was |
| |
|
1896 |
|
| |
|
1897 |
|
| |
|
1898 |
In string, @example now must be written as @example |
| |
|
1899 |
The idea here was to get people into the habit of writing when they wanted a literal @ sign, just as they have always written when they wanted a literal $ sign. |
| |
|
1900 |
|
| |
|
1901 |
|
| |
|
1902 |
Starting with 5.6.1, when Perl now sees an @ sign |
| |
|
1903 |
in a double-quoted string, it ''always'' attempts to |
| |
|
1904 |
interpolate an array, regardless of whether or not the array |
| |
|
1905 |
has been used or declared already. The fatal error has been |
| |
|
1906 |
downgraded to an optional warning: |
| |
|
1907 |
|
| |
|
1908 |
|
| |
|
1909 |
Possible unintended interpolation of @example in string |
| |
|
1910 |
This warns you that is going to turn into fred.com if you don't backslash the @. See http://www.plover.com/~mjd/perl/at-error.html for more details about the history here. |
| |
|
1911 |
!!Modules and Pragmata |
| |
|
1912 |
|
| |
|
1913 |
|
| |
|
1914 |
__Modules__ |
| |
|
1915 |
|
| |
|
1916 |
|
| |
|
1917 |
attributes |
| |
|
1918 |
|
| |
|
1919 |
|
| |
|
1920 |
While used internally by Perl as a pragma, this module also |
| |
|
1921 |
provides a way to fetch subroutine and variable attributes. |
| |
|
1922 |
See attributes. |
| |
|
1923 |
|
| |
|
1924 |
|
| |
|
1925 |
B |
| |
|
1926 |
|
| |
|
1927 |
|
| |
|
1928 |
The Perl Compiler suite has been extensively reworked for |
| |
|
1929 |
this release. More of the standard Perl testsuite passes |
| |
|
1930 |
when run under the Compiler, but there is still a |
| |
|
1931 |
significant way to go to achieve production quality compiled |
| |
|
1932 |
executables. |
| |
|
1933 |
|
| |
|
1934 |
|
| |
|
1935 |
NOTE: The Compiler suite remains highly experimental. The |
| |
|
1936 |
generated code may not be correct, even when it manages to execute |
| |
|
1937 |
without errors. |
| |
|
1938 |
|
| |
|
1939 |
|
| |
|
1940 |
Benchmark |
| |
|
1941 |
|
| |
|
1942 |
|
| |
|
1943 |
Overall, Benchmark results exhibit lower average error and |
| |
|
1944 |
better timing accuracy. |
| |
|
1945 |
|
| |
|
1946 |
|
| |
|
1947 |
You can now run tests for ''n'' seconds instead of |
| |
|
1948 |
guessing the right number of tests to run: e.g., |
| |
|
1949 |
timethese(-5, ...) will run each code for at least 5 |
| |
|
1950 |
CPU seconds. Zero as the ``number of |
| |
|
1951 |
repetitions'' means ``for at least 3 CPU |
| |
|
1952 |
seconds''. The output format has also changed. For |
| |
|
1953 |
example: |
| |
|
1954 |
|
| |
|
1955 |
|
| |
|
1956 |
use Benchmark;$x=3;timethese(-5,{a= |
| |
|
1957 |
will now output something like this: |
| |
|
1958 |
|
| |
|
1959 |
|
| |
|
1960 |
Benchmark: running a, b, each for at least 5 CPU seconds... |
| |
|
1961 |
a: 5 wallclock secs ( 5.77 usr + 0.00 sys = 5.77 CPU) @ 200551.91/s (n=1156516) |
| |
|
1962 |
b: 4 wallclock secs ( 5.00 usr + 0.02 sys = 5.02 CPU) @ 159605.18/s (n=800686) |
| |
|
1963 |
New features: ``each for at least N CPU seconds...'', ``wallclock secs'', and the ``@ operations/CPU second (n=operations)''. |
| |
|
1964 |
|
| |
|
1965 |
|
| |
|
1966 |
''timethese()'' now returns a reference to a hash of |
| |
|
1967 |
Benchmark objects containing the test results, keyed on the |
| |
|
1968 |
names of the tests. |
| |
|
1969 |
|
| |
|
1970 |
|
| |
|
1971 |
''timethis()'' now returns the iterations field in the |
| |
|
1972 |
Benchmark result object instead of 0. |
| |
|
1973 |
|
| |
|
1974 |
|
| |
|
1975 |
''timethese()'', ''timethis()'', and the new |
| |
|
1976 |
''cmpthese()'' (see below) can also take a format |
| |
|
1977 |
specifier of 'none' to suppress output. |
| |
|
1978 |
|
| |
|
1979 |
|
| |
|
1980 |
A new function ''countit()'' is just like ''timeit()'' |
| |
|
1981 |
except that it takes a TIME instead of a |
| |
|
1982 |
COUNT . |
| |
|
1983 |
|
| |
|
1984 |
|
| |
|
1985 |
A new function ''cmpthese()'' prints a chart comparing |
| |
|
1986 |
the results of each test returned from a ''timethese()'' |
| |
|
1987 |
call. For each possible pair of tests, the percentage speed |
| |
|
1988 |
difference (iters/sec or seconds/iter) is |
| |
|
1989 |
shown. |
| |
|
1990 |
|
| |
|
1991 |
|
| |
|
1992 |
For other details, see Benchmark. |
| |
|
1993 |
|
| |
|
1994 |
|
| 2 |
perry |
1995 |
!ByteLoader |
| 1 |
perry |
1996 |
|
| |
|
1997 |
|
| 2 |
perry |
1998 |
The !ByteLoader is a dedicated extension to generate and run |
| |
|
1999 |
Perl bytecode. See !ByteLoader. |
| 1 |
perry |
2000 |
|
| |
|
2001 |
|
| |
|
2002 |
constant |
| |
|
2003 |
|
| |
|
2004 |
|
| |
|
2005 |
References can now be used. |
| |
|
2006 |
|
| |
|
2007 |
|
| |
|
2008 |
The new version also allows a leading underscore in constant |
| |
|
2009 |
names, but disallows a double leading underscore (as in |
| |
|
2010 |
``__LINE__''). Some other names are disallowed or warned |
| |
|
2011 |
against, including BEGIN , END |
| |
|
2012 |
, etc. Some names which were forced into main:: used to fail |
| |
|
2013 |
silently in some cases; now they're fatal (outside of |
| |
|
2014 |
main::) and an optional warning (inside of main::). The |
| |
|
2015 |
ability to detect whether a constant had been set with a |
| |
|
2016 |
given name has been added. |
| |
|
2017 |
|
| |
|
2018 |
|
| |
|
2019 |
See constant. |
| |
|
2020 |
|
| |
|
2021 |
|
| |
|
2022 |
charnames |
| |
|
2023 |
|
| |
|
2024 |
|
| |
|
2025 |
This pragma implements the N string escape. See |
| |
|
2026 |
charnames. |
| |
|
2027 |
|
| |
|
2028 |
|
| |
|
2029 |
Data::Dumper |
| |
|
2030 |
|
| |
|
2031 |
|
| |
|
2032 |
A Maxdepth setting can be specified to avoid |
| |
|
2033 |
venturing too deeply into deep data structures. See |
| |
|
2034 |
Data::Dumper. |
| |
|
2035 |
|
| |
|
2036 |
|
| |
|
2037 |
The XSUB implementation of ''Dump()'' is |
| |
|
2038 |
now automatically called if the Useqq setting is |
| |
|
2039 |
not in use. |
| |
|
2040 |
|
| |
|
2041 |
|
| |
|
2042 |
Dumping qr// objects works correctly. |
| |
|
2043 |
|
| |
|
2044 |
|
| |
|
2045 |
DB |
| |
|
2046 |
|
| |
|
2047 |
|
| |
|
2048 |
DB is an experimental module that exposes a clean |
| |
|
2049 |
abstraction to Perl's debugging API |
| |
|
2050 |
. |
| |
|
2051 |
|
| |
|
2052 |
|
| |
|
2053 |
DB_File |
| |
|
2054 |
|
| |
|
2055 |
|
| |
|
2056 |
DB_File can now be built with Berkeley DB |
| |
|
2057 |
versions 1, 2 or 3. See |
| |
|
2058 |
ext/DB_File/Changes. |
| |
|
2059 |
|
| |
|
2060 |
|
| |
|
2061 |
Devel::DProf |
| |
|
2062 |
|
| |
|
2063 |
|
| |
|
2064 |
Devel::DProf, a Perl source code profiler has been added. |
| |
|
2065 |
See Devel::DProf and dprofpp. |
| |
|
2066 |
|
| |
|
2067 |
|
| |
|
2068 |
Devel::Peek |
| |
|
2069 |
|
| |
|
2070 |
|
| |
|
2071 |
The Devel::Peek module provides access to the internal |
| |
|
2072 |
representation of Perl variables and data. It is a data |
| |
|
2073 |
debugging tool for the XS |
| |
|
2074 |
programmer. |
| |
|
2075 |
|
| |
|
2076 |
|
| |
|
2077 |
Dumpvalue |
| |
|
2078 |
|
| |
|
2079 |
|
| |
|
2080 |
The Dumpvalue module provides screen dumps of Perl |
| |
|
2081 |
data. |
| |
|
2082 |
|
| |
|
2083 |
|
| 2 |
perry |
2084 |
!DynaLoader |
| 1 |
perry |
2085 |
|
| |
|
2086 |
|
| 2 |
perry |
2087 |
!DynaLoader now supports a ''dl_unload_file()'' function |
| 1 |
perry |
2088 |
on platforms that support unloading shared objects using |
| |
|
2089 |
''dlclose()''. |
| |
|
2090 |
|
| |
|
2091 |
|
| |
|
2092 |
Perl can also optionally arrange to unload all extension |
| |
|
2093 |
shared objects loaded by Perl. To enable this, build Perl |
| |
|
2094 |
with the Configure option |
| |
|
2095 |
-Accflags=-DDL_UNLOAD_ALL_AT_EXIT. (This maybe |
| |
|
2096 |
useful if you are using Apache with mod_perl.) |
| |
|
2097 |
|
| |
|
2098 |
|
| |
|
2099 |
English |
| |
|
2100 |
|
| |
|
2101 |
|
| |
|
2102 |
$PERL_VERSION now stands for $^V (a string value) |
| |
|
2103 |
rather than for $] (a numeric value). |
| |
|
2104 |
|
| |
|
2105 |
|
| |
|
2106 |
Env |
| |
|
2107 |
|
| |
|
2108 |
|
| |
|
2109 |
Env now supports accessing environment variables like |
| |
|
2110 |
PATH as array variables. |
| |
|
2111 |
|
| |
|
2112 |
|
| |
|
2113 |
Fcntl |
| |
|
2114 |
|
| |
|
2115 |
|
| |
|
2116 |
More Fcntl constants added: F_SETLK64, F_SETLKW64, |
| |
|
2117 |
O_LARGEFILE for large file (more than 4GB) access ( |
| |
|
2118 |
NOTE: the O_LARGEFILE is automatically added |
| |
|
2119 |
to ''sysopen()'' flags if large file support has been |
| |
|
2120 |
configured, as is the default), Free/Net/OpenBSD locking |
| |
|
2121 |
behaviour flags F_FLOCK, F_POSIX, Linux F_SHLCK, and |
| |
|
2122 |
O_ACCMODE: the combined mask of O_RDONLY, O_WRONLY, and |
| |
|
2123 |
O_RDWR. The ''seek()''/''sysseek()'' constants |
| |
|
2124 |
SEEK_SET , SEEK_CUR , and |
| |
|
2125 |
SEEK_END are available via the :seek |
| |
|
2126 |
tag. The ''chmod()''/''stat()'' S_IF* constants and |
| |
|
2127 |
S_IS* functions are available via the :mode |
| |
|
2128 |
tag. |
| |
|
2129 |
|
| |
|
2130 |
|
| |
|
2131 |
File::Compare |
| |
|
2132 |
|
| |
|
2133 |
|
| |
|
2134 |
A ''compare_text()'' function has been added, which |
| |
|
2135 |
allows custom comparison functions. See |
| |
|
2136 |
File::Compare. |
| |
|
2137 |
|
| |
|
2138 |
|
| |
|
2139 |
File::Find |
| |
|
2140 |
|
| |
|
2141 |
|
| |
|
2142 |
File::Find now works correctly when the ''wanted()'' |
| |
|
2143 |
function is either autoloaded or is a symbolic |
| |
|
2144 |
reference. |
| |
|
2145 |
|
| |
|
2146 |
|
| |
|
2147 |
A bug that caused File::Find to lose track of the working |
| |
|
2148 |
directory when pruning top-level directories has been |
| |
|
2149 |
fixed. |
| |
|
2150 |
|
| |
|
2151 |
|
| |
|
2152 |
File::Find now also supports several other options to |
| |
|
2153 |
control its behavior. It can follow symbolic links if the |
| |
|
2154 |
follow option is specified. Enabling the |
| |
|
2155 |
no_chdir option will make File::Find skip changing |
| |
|
2156 |
the current directory when walking directories. The |
| |
|
2157 |
untaint flag can be useful when running with taint |
| |
|
2158 |
checks enabled. |
| |
|
2159 |
|
| |
|
2160 |
|
| |
|
2161 |
See File::Find. |
| |
|
2162 |
|
| |
|
2163 |
|
| |
|
2164 |
File::Glob |
| |
|
2165 |
|
| |
|
2166 |
|
| |
|
2167 |
This extension implements BSD-style file globbing. By |
| |
|
2168 |
default, it will also be used for the internal |
| |
|
2169 |
implementation of the ''glob()'' operator. See |
| |
|
2170 |
File::Glob. |
| |
|
2171 |
|
| |
|
2172 |
|
| |
|
2173 |
File::Spec |
| |
|
2174 |
|
| |
|
2175 |
|
| |
|
2176 |
New methods have been added to the File::Spec module: |
| |
|
2177 |
''devnull()'' returns the name of the null device |
| |
|
2178 |
(/dev/null on Unix) and ''tmpdir()'' the name of the temp |
| |
|
2179 |
directory (normally /tmp on Unix). There are now also |
| |
|
2180 |
methods to convert between absolute and relative filenames: |
| |
|
2181 |
''abs2rel()'' and ''rel2abs()''. For compatibility |
| |
|
2182 |
with operating systems that specify volume names in file |
| |
|
2183 |
paths, the ''splitpath()'', ''splitdir()'', and |
| |
|
2184 |
''catdir()'' methods have been added. |
| |
|
2185 |
|
| |
|
2186 |
|
| |
|
2187 |
File::Spec::Functions |
| |
|
2188 |
|
| |
|
2189 |
|
| |
|
2190 |
The new File::Spec::Functions modules provides a function |
| |
|
2191 |
interface to the File::Spec module. Allows |
| |
|
2192 |
shorthand |
| |
|
2193 |
|
| |
|
2194 |
|
| |
|
2195 |
$fullname = catfile($dir1, $dir2, $file); |
| |
|
2196 |
instead of |
| |
|
2197 |
|
| |
|
2198 |
|
| |
|
2199 |
$fullname = File::Spec- |
| |
|
2200 |
|
| |
|
2201 |
|
| |
|
2202 |
Getopt::Long |
| |
|
2203 |
|
| |
|
2204 |
|
| |
|
2205 |
Getopt::Long licensing has changed to allow the Perl |
| |
|
2206 |
Artistic License as well as the GPL . It used |
| |
|
2207 |
to be GPL only, which got in the way of |
| |
|
2208 |
non-GPL applications that wanted to use |
| |
|
2209 |
Getopt::Long. |
| |
|
2210 |
|
| |
|
2211 |
|
| |
|
2212 |
Getopt::Long encourages the use of Pod::Usage to produce |
| |
|
2213 |
help messages. For example: |
| |
|
2214 |
|
| |
|
2215 |
|
| |
|
2216 |
use Getopt::Long; |
| |
|
2217 |
use Pod::Usage; |
| |
|
2218 |
my $man = 0; |
| |
|
2219 |
my $help = 0; |
| 2 |
perry |
2220 |
!GetOptions('help?' = |
| 1 |
perry |
2221 |
__END__ |
| |
|
2222 |
=head1 NAME |
| 2 |
perry |
2223 |
sample - Using !GetOpt::Long and Pod::Usage |
| 1 |
perry |
2224 |
=head1 SYNOPSIS |
| |
|
2225 |
sample [[options] [[file ...] |
| |
|
2226 |
Options: |
| |
|
2227 |
-help brief help message |
| |
|
2228 |
-man full documentation |
| |
|
2229 |
=head1 OPTIONS |
| |
|
2230 |
=over 8 |
| |
|
2231 |
=item B |
| |
|
2232 |
Print a brief help message and exits. |
| |
|
2233 |
=item B |
| |
|
2234 |
Prints the manual page and exits. |
| |
|
2235 |
=back |
| |
|
2236 |
=head1 DESCRIPTION |
| |
|
2237 |
B |
| |
|
2238 |
=cut |
| |
|
2239 |
See Pod::Usage for details. |
| |
|
2240 |
|
| |
|
2241 |
|
| |
|
2242 |
A bug that prevented the non-option call-back |
| |
|
2243 |
|
| |
|
2244 |
|
| |
|
2245 |
To specify the characters |
| |
|
2246 |
|
| |
|
2247 |
|
| |
|
2248 |
IO |
| |
|
2249 |
|
| |
|
2250 |
|
| |
|
2251 |
''write()'' and ''syswrite()'' will now accept a |
| |
|
2252 |
single-argument form of the call, for consistency with |
| |
|
2253 |
Perl's ''syswrite()''. |
| |
|
2254 |
|
| |
|
2255 |
|
| |
|
2256 |
You can now create a TCP-based IO::Socket::INET without |
| |
|
2257 |
forcing a connect attempt. This allows you to configure its |
| |
|
2258 |
options (like making it non-blocking) and then call |
| |
|
2259 |
''connect()'' manually. |
| |
|
2260 |
|
| |
|
2261 |
|
| |
|
2262 |
A bug that prevented the ''IO::Socket::protocol()'' |
| |
|
2263 |
accessor from ever returning the correct value has been |
| |
|
2264 |
corrected. |
| |
|
2265 |
|
| |
|
2266 |
|
| |
|
2267 |
IO::Socket::connect now uses non-blocking IO |
| |
|
2268 |
instead of ''alarm()'' to do connect |
| |
|
2269 |
timeouts. |
| |
|
2270 |
|
| |
|
2271 |
|
| |
|
2272 |
IO::Socket::accept now uses ''select()'' instead of |
| |
|
2273 |
''alarm()'' for doing timeouts. |
| |
|
2274 |
|
| |
|
2275 |
|
| |
|
2276 |
IO::Socket::INET- |
| |
|
2277 |
|
| |
|
2278 |
|
| |
|
2279 |
JPL |
| |
|
2280 |
|
| |
|
2281 |
|
| |
|
2282 |
Java Perl Lingo is now distributed with Perl. See jpl/README |
| |
|
2283 |
for more information. |
| |
|
2284 |
|
| |
|
2285 |
|
| |
|
2286 |
lib |
| |
|
2287 |
|
| |
|
2288 |
|
| |
|
2289 |
use lib now weeds out any trailing duplicate |
| |
|
2290 |
entries. no lib removes all named |
| |
|
2291 |
entries. |
| |
|
2292 |
|
| |
|
2293 |
|
| 2 |
perry |
2294 |
Math::!BigInt |
| 1 |
perry |
2295 |
|
| |
|
2296 |
|
| |
|
2297 |
The bitwise operations , , |
| |
|
2298 |
, , and ~ are now supported on |
| |
|
2299 |
bigints. |
| |
|
2300 |
|
| |
|
2301 |
|
| |
|
2302 |
Math::Complex |
| |
|
2303 |
|
| |
|
2304 |
|
| |
|
2305 |
The accessor methods Re, Im, arg, abs, rho, and theta can |
| |
|
2306 |
now also act as mutators (accessor |
| |
|
2307 |
$z-Re()'', mutator |
| |
|
2308 |
$z-Re''(3)). |
| |
|
2309 |
|
| |
|
2310 |
|
| |
|
2311 |
The class method display_format and the |
| |
|
2312 |
corresponding object method display_format, in |
| |
|
2313 |
addition to accepting just one argument, now can also accept |
| |
|
2314 |
a parameter hash. Recognized keys of a parameter hash are |
| |
|
2315 |
, which corresponds to the old one |
| |
|
2316 |
parameter case, and two new parameters: |
| |
|
2317 |
, which is a |
| |
|
2318 |
''printf()''-style format string (defaults usually to |
| |
|
2319 |
, you can revert to the default by |
| |
|
2320 |
setting the format string to undef) used for both |
| |
|
2321 |
parts of a complex number, and |
| |
|
2322 |
(defaults to true), |
| |
|
2323 |
which controls whether an attempt is made to try to |
| |
|
2324 |
recognize small multiples and rationals of pi (2pi, pi/2) at |
| |
|
2325 |
the argument (angle) of a polar complex number. |
| |
|
2326 |
|
| |
|
2327 |
|
| |
|
2328 |
The potentially disruptive change is that in list context |
| |
|
2329 |
both methods now ''return the parameter hash'', instead |
| |
|
2330 |
of only the value of the |
| |
|
2331 |
parameter. |
| |
|
2332 |
|
| |
|
2333 |
|
| |
|
2334 |
Math::Trig |
| |
|
2335 |
|
| |
|
2336 |
|
| |
|
2337 |
A little bit of radial trigonometry (cylindrical and |
| |
|
2338 |
spherical), radial coordinate conversions, and the great |
| |
|
2339 |
circle distance were added. |
| |
|
2340 |
|
| |
|
2341 |
|
| 2 |
perry |
2342 |
Pod::Parser, Pod::!InputObjects |
| 1 |
perry |
2343 |
|
| |
|
2344 |
|
| |
|
2345 |
Pod::Parser is a base class for parsing and selecting |
| |
|
2346 |
sections of pod documentation from an input stream. This |
| |
|
2347 |
module takes care of identifying pod paragraphs and commands |
| |
|
2348 |
in the input and hands off the parsed paragraphs and |
| |
|
2349 |
commands to user-defined methods which are free to interpret |
| |
|
2350 |
or translate them as they see fit. |
| |
|
2351 |
|
| |
|
2352 |
|
| 2 |
perry |
2353 |
Pod::!InputObjects defines some input objects needed by |
| 1 |
perry |
2354 |
Pod::Parser, and for advanced users of Pod::Parser that need |
| |
|
2355 |
more about a command besides its name and text. |
| |
|
2356 |
|
| |
|
2357 |
|
| |
|
2358 |
As of release 5.6.0 of Perl, Pod::Parser is now the |
| |
|
2359 |
officially sanctioned ``base parser code'' recommended for |
| |
|
2360 |
use by all pod2xxx translators. Pod::Text (pod2text) and |
| |
|
2361 |
Pod::Man (pod2man) have already been converted to use |
| |
|
2362 |
Pod::Parser and efforts to convert Pod::HTML (pod2html) are |
| |
|
2363 |
already underway. For any questions or comments about pod |
| |
|
2364 |
parsing and translating issues and utilities, please use the |
| |
|
2365 |
pod-people@perl.org mailing list. |
| |
|
2366 |
|
| |
|
2367 |
|
| |
|
2368 |
For further information, please see Pod::Parser and |
| 2 |
perry |
2369 |
Pod::!InputObjects. |
| 1 |
perry |
2370 |
|
| |
|
2371 |
|
| |
|
2372 |
Pod::Checker, podchecker |
| |
|
2373 |
|
| |
|
2374 |
|
| |
|
2375 |
This utility checks pod files for correct syntax, according |
| |
|
2376 |
to perlpod. Obvious errors are flagged as such, while |
| |
|
2377 |
warnings are printed for mistakes that can be handled |
| |
|
2378 |
gracefully. The checklist is not complete yet. See |
| |
|
2379 |
Pod::Checker. |
| |
|
2380 |
|
| |
|
2381 |
|
| 2 |
perry |
2382 |
Pod::!ParseUtils, Pod::Find |
| 1 |
perry |
2383 |
|
| |
|
2384 |
|
| |
|
2385 |
These modules provide a set of gizmos that are useful mainly |
| |
|
2386 |
for pod translators. Pod::Find traverses directory |
| |
|
2387 |
structures and returns found pod files, along with their |
| |
|
2388 |
canonical names (like File::Spec::Unix). |
| 2 |
perry |
2389 |
Pod::!ParseUtils contains __Pod::List__ (useful for |
| 1 |
perry |
2390 |
storing pod list information), __Pod::Hyperlink__ (for |
| |
|
2391 |
parsing the contents of L sequences) and |
| |
|
2392 |
__Pod::Cache__ (for caching information about pod files, |
| |
|
2393 |
e.g., link nodes). |
| |
|
2394 |
|
| |
|
2395 |
|
| |
|
2396 |
Pod::Select, podselect |
| |
|
2397 |
|
| |
|
2398 |
|
| |
|
2399 |
Pod::Select is a subclass of Pod::Parser which provides a |
| |
|
2400 |
function named ``''podselect()'''' to filter out |
| |
|
2401 |
user-specified sections of raw pod documentation from an |
| |
|
2402 |
input stream. podselect is a script that provides access to |
| |
|
2403 |
Pod::Select from other scripts to be used as a filter. See |
| |
|
2404 |
Pod::Select. |
| |
|
2405 |
|
| |
|
2406 |
|
| |
|
2407 |
Pod::Usage, pod2usage |
| |
|
2408 |
|
| |
|
2409 |
|
| |
|
2410 |
Pod::Usage provides the function ``''pod2usage()'''' to |
| |
|
2411 |
print usage messages for a Perl script based on its embedded |
| |
|
2412 |
pod documentation. The ''pod2usage()'' function is |
| |
|
2413 |
generally useful to all script authors since it lets them |
| |
|
2414 |
write and maintain a single source (the pods) for |
| |
|
2415 |
documentation, thus removing the need to create and maintain |
| |
|
2416 |
redundant usage message text consisting of information |
| |
|
2417 |
already in the pods. |
| |
|
2418 |
|
| |
|
2419 |
|
| |
|
2420 |
There is also a pod2usage script which can be used from |
| |
|
2421 |
other kinds of scripts to print usage messages from pods |
| |
|
2422 |
(even for non-Perl scripts with pods embedded in |
| |
|
2423 |
comments). |
| |
|
2424 |
|
| |
|
2425 |
|
| |
|
2426 |
For details and examples, please see |
| |
|
2427 |
Pod::Usage. |
| |
|
2428 |
|
| |
|
2429 |
|
| |
|
2430 |
Pod::Text and Pod::Man |
| |
|
2431 |
|
| |
|
2432 |
|
| |
|
2433 |
Pod::Text has been rewritten to use Pod::Parser. While |
| |
|
2434 |
''pod2text()'' is still available for backwards |
| |
|
2435 |
compatibility, the module now has a new preferred interface. |
| |
|
2436 |
See Pod::Text for the details. The new Pod::Text module is |
| |
|
2437 |
easily subclassed for tweaks to the output, and two such |
| |
|
2438 |
subclasses (Pod::Text::Termcap for man-page-style bold and |
| |
|
2439 |
underlining using termcap information, and Pod::Text::Color |
| |
|
2440 |
for markup with ANSI color sequences) are now |
| |
|
2441 |
standard. |
| |
|
2442 |
|
| |
|
2443 |
|
| |
|
2444 |
pod2man has been turned into a module, Pod::Man, which also |
| |
|
2445 |
uses Pod::Parser. In the process, several outstanding bugs |
| |
|
2446 |
related to quotes in section headers, quoting of code |
| |
|
2447 |
escapes, and nested lists have been fixed. pod2man is now a |
| |
|
2448 |
wrapper script around this module. |
| |
|
2449 |
|
| |
|
2450 |
|
| |
|
2451 |
SDBM_File |
| |
|
2452 |
|
| |
|
2453 |
|
| |
|
2454 |
An EXISTS method has been added to this |
| |
|
2455 |
module (and ''sdbm_exists()'' has been added to the |
| |
|
2456 |
underlying sdbm library), so one can now call exists on an |
| |
|
2457 |
SDBM_File tied hash and get the correct result, rather than |
| |
|
2458 |
a runtime error. |
| |
|
2459 |
|
| |
|
2460 |
|
| |
|
2461 |
A bug that may have caused data loss when more than one disk |
| |
|
2462 |
block happens to be read from the database in a single |
| |
|
2463 |
''FETCH ()'' has been fixed. |
| |
|
2464 |
|
| |
|
2465 |
|
| |
|
2466 |
Sys::Syslog |
| |
|
2467 |
|
| |
|
2468 |
|
| |
|
2469 |
Sys::Syslog now uses XSUBs to access facilities from |
| |
|
2470 |
syslog.h so it no longer requires syslog.ph to |
| |
|
2471 |
exist. |
| |
|
2472 |
|
| |
|
2473 |
|
| |
|
2474 |
Sys::Hostname |
| |
|
2475 |
|
| |
|
2476 |
|
| |
|
2477 |
Sys::Hostname now uses XSUBs to call the C library's |
| |
|
2478 |
''gethostname()'' or ''uname()'' if they |
| |
|
2479 |
exist. |
| |
|
2480 |
|
| |
|
2481 |
|
| |
|
2482 |
Term::ANSIColor |
| |
|
2483 |
|
| |
|
2484 |
|
| |
|
2485 |
Term::ANSIColor is a very simple module to provide easy and |
| |
|
2486 |
readable access to the ANSI color and |
| |
|
2487 |
highlighting escape sequences, supported by most |
| |
|
2488 |
ANSI terminal emulators. It is now included |
| |
|
2489 |
standard. |
| |
|
2490 |
|
| |
|
2491 |
|
| |
|
2492 |
Time::Local |
| |
|
2493 |
|
| |
|
2494 |
|
| |
|
2495 |
The ''timelocal()'' and ''timegm()'' functions used to |
| |
|
2496 |
silently return bogus results when the date fell outside the |
| |
|
2497 |
machine's integer range. They now consistently |
| |
|
2498 |
''croak()'' if the date falls in an unsupported |
| |
|
2499 |
range. |
| |
|
2500 |
|
| |
|
2501 |
|
| |
|
2502 |
Win32 |
| |
|
2503 |
|
| |
|
2504 |
|
| |
|
2505 |
The error return value in list context has been changed for |
| |
|
2506 |
all functions that return a list of values. Previously these |
| |
|
2507 |
functions returned a list with a single element |
| |
|
2508 |
undef if an error occurred. Now these functions |
| |
|
2509 |
return the empty list in these situations. This applies to |
| |
|
2510 |
the following functions: |
| |
|
2511 |
|
| |
|
2512 |
|
| 2 |
perry |
2513 |
Win32::!FsType |
| 1 |
perry |
2514 |
Win32::GetOSVersion |
| |
|
2515 |
The remaining functions are unchanged and continue to return undef on error even in list context. |
| |
|
2516 |
|
| |
|
2517 |
|
| 2 |
perry |
2518 |
The Win32::!SetLastError( ERROR ) function has |
| 1 |
perry |
2519 |
been added as a complement to the |
| 2 |
perry |
2520 |
''Win32::!GetLastError()'' function. |
| 1 |
perry |
2521 |
|
| |
|
2522 |
|
| 2 |
perry |
2523 |
The new Win32::!GetFullPathName( FILENAME ) |
| 1 |
perry |
2524 |
returns the full absolute pathname for |
| |
|
2525 |
FILENAME in scalar context. In list context |
| |
|
2526 |
it returns a two-element list containing the fully qualified |
| |
|
2527 |
directory name and the filename. See Win32. |
| |
|
2528 |
|
| |
|
2529 |
|
| |
|
2530 |
XSLoader |
| |
|
2531 |
|
| |
|
2532 |
|
| |
|
2533 |
The XSLoader extension is a simpler alternative to |
| 2 |
perry |
2534 |
!DynaLoader. See XSLoader. |
| 1 |
perry |
2535 |
|
| |
|
2536 |
|
| |
|
2537 |
DBM Filters |
| |
|
2538 |
|
| |
|
2539 |
|
| |
|
2540 |
A new feature called `` DBM Filters'' has |
| |
|
2541 |
been added to all the DBM modules--DB_File, |
| |
|
2542 |
GDBM_File, NDBM_File, ODBM_File, and SDBM_File. |
| |
|
2543 |
DBM Filters add four new methods to each |
| |
|
2544 |
DBM module: |
| |
|
2545 |
|
| |
|
2546 |
|
| |
|
2547 |
filter_store_key |
| |
|
2548 |
filter_store_value |
| |
|
2549 |
filter_fetch_key |
| |
|
2550 |
filter_fetch_value |
| |
|
2551 |
These can be used to filter key-value pairs before the pairs are written to the database or just after they are read from the database. See perldbmfilter for further information. |
| |
|
2552 |
|
| |
|
2553 |
|
| |
|
2554 |
__Pragmata__ |
| |
|
2555 |
|
| |
|
2556 |
|
| |
|
2557 |
use attrs is now obsolete, and is only provided for |
| |
|
2558 |
backward-compatibility. It's been replaced by the sub : |
| |
|
2559 |
attributes syntax. See ``Subroutine Attributes'' in |
| |
|
2560 |
perlsub and attributes. |
| |
|
2561 |
|
| |
|
2562 |
|
| |
|
2563 |
Lexical warnings pragma, use warnings;, to control |
| |
|
2564 |
optional warnings. See perllexwarn. |
| |
|
2565 |
|
| |
|
2566 |
|
| |
|
2567 |
use filetest to control the behaviour of filetests |
| |
|
2568 |
(-r -w ...). Currently only one subpragma |
| |
|
2569 |
implemented, ``use filetest 'access';'', that uses |
| |
|
2570 |
access(2) or equivalent to check permissions instead |
| |
|
2571 |
of using stat(2) as usual. This matters in |
| |
|
2572 |
filesystems where there are ACLs (access control lists): the |
| |
|
2573 |
stat(2) might lie, but access(2) knows |
| |
|
2574 |
better. |
| |
|
2575 |
|
| |
|
2576 |
|
| |
|
2577 |
The open pragma can be used to specify default |
| |
|
2578 |
disciplines for handle constructors (e.g. ''open()'') and |
| |
|
2579 |
for qx//. The two pseudo-disciplines :raw and |
| |
|
2580 |
:crlf are currently supported on DOS-derivative |
| |
|
2581 |
platforms (i.e. where binmode is not a no-op). See also |
| |
|
2582 |
``''binmode()'' can be used to set :crlf and :raw |
| |
|
2583 |
modes''. |
| |
|
2584 |
!!Utility Changes |
| |
|
2585 |
|
| |
|
2586 |
|
| |
|
2587 |
__dprofpp__ |
| |
|
2588 |
|
| |
|
2589 |
|
| |
|
2590 |
dprofpp is used to display profile data generated |
| |
|
2591 |
using Devel::DProf. See dprofpp. |
| |
|
2592 |
|
| |
|
2593 |
|
| |
|
2594 |
__find2perl__ |
| |
|
2595 |
|
| |
|
2596 |
|
| |
|
2597 |
The find2perl utility now uses the enhanced |
| |
|
2598 |
features of the File::Find module. The -depth and -follow |
| |
|
2599 |
options are supported. Pod documentation is also included in |
| |
|
2600 |
the script. |
| |
|
2601 |
|
| |
|
2602 |
|
| |
|
2603 |
__h2xs__ |
| |
|
2604 |
|
| |
|
2605 |
|
| |
|
2606 |
The h2xs tool can now work in conjunction with |
| |
|
2607 |
C::Scan (available from CPAN ) to |
| |
|
2608 |
automatically parse real-life header files. The -M, |
| |
|
2609 |
-a, -k, and -o options are |
| |
|
2610 |
new. |
| |
|
2611 |
|
| |
|
2612 |
|
| |
|
2613 |
__perlcc__ |
| |
|
2614 |
|
| |
|
2615 |
|
| |
|
2616 |
perlcc now supports the C and Bytecode backends. By |
| |
|
2617 |
default, it generates output from the simple C backend |
| |
|
2618 |
rather than the optimized C backend. |
| |
|
2619 |
|
| |
|
2620 |
|
| |
|
2621 |
Support for non-Unix platforms has been |
| |
|
2622 |
improved. |
| |
|
2623 |
|
| |
|
2624 |
|
| |
|
2625 |
__perldoc__ |
| |
|
2626 |
|
| |
|
2627 |
|
| |
|
2628 |
perldoc has been reworked to avoid possible |
| |
|
2629 |
security holes. It will not by default let itself be run as |
| |
|
2630 |
the superuser, but you may still use the __-U__ switch to |
| |
|
2631 |
try to make it drop privileges first. |
| |
|
2632 |
|
| |
|
2633 |
|
| |
|
2634 |
__The Perl Debugger__ |
| |
|
2635 |
|
| |
|
2636 |
|
| |
|
2637 |
Many bug fixes and enhancements were added to |
| |
|
2638 |
''perl5db.pl'', the Perl debugger. The help documentation |
| |
|
2639 |
was rearranged. New commands include , |
| |
|
2640 |
, and { ? to list out current |
| |
|
2641 |
actions, man docpage to run your doc viewer on some |
| |
|
2642 |
perl docset, and support for quoted options. The help |
| |
|
2643 |
information was rearranged, and should be viewable once |
| |
|
2644 |
again if you're using __less__ as your pager. A serious |
| |
|
2645 |
security hole was plugged--you should immediately remove all |
| |
|
2646 |
older versions of the Perl debugger as installed in previous |
| |
|
2647 |
releases, all the way back to perl3, from your system to |
| |
|
2648 |
avoid being bitten by this. |
| |
|
2649 |
!!Improved Documentation |
| |
|
2650 |
|
| |
|
2651 |
|
| |
|
2652 |
Many of the platform-specific README files |
| |
|
2653 |
are now part of the perl installation. See perl for the |
| |
|
2654 |
complete list. |
| |
|
2655 |
|
| |
|
2656 |
|
| |
|
2657 |
perlapi.pod |
| |
|
2658 |
|
| |
|
2659 |
|
| |
|
2660 |
The official list of public Perl API |
| |
|
2661 |
functions. |
| |
|
2662 |
|
| |
|
2663 |
|
| |
|
2664 |
perlboot.pod |
| |
|
2665 |
|
| |
|
2666 |
|
| |
|
2667 |
A tutorial for beginners on object-oriented |
| |
|
2668 |
Perl. |
| |
|
2669 |
|
| |
|
2670 |
|
| |
|
2671 |
perlcompile.pod |
| |
|
2672 |
|
| |
|
2673 |
|
| |
|
2674 |
An introduction to using the Perl Compiler |
| |
|
2675 |
suite. |
| |
|
2676 |
|
| |
|
2677 |
|
| |
|
2678 |
perldbmfilter.pod |
| |
|
2679 |
|
| |
|
2680 |
|
| |
|
2681 |
A howto document on using the DBM filter |
| |
|
2682 |
facility. |
| |
|
2683 |
|
| |
|
2684 |
|
| |
|
2685 |
perldebug.pod |
| |
|
2686 |
|
| |
|
2687 |
|
| |
|
2688 |
All material unrelated to running the Perl debugger, plus |
| |
|
2689 |
all low-level guts-like details that risked crushing the |
| |
|
2690 |
casual user of the debugger, have been relocated from the |
| |
|
2691 |
old manpage to the next entry below. |
| |
|
2692 |
|
| |
|
2693 |
|
| |
|
2694 |
perldebguts.pod |
| |
|
2695 |
|
| |
|
2696 |
|
| |
|
2697 |
This new manpage contains excessively low-level material not |
| |
|
2698 |
related to the Perl debugger, but slightly related to |
| |
|
2699 |
debugging Perl itself. It also contains some arcane internal |
| |
|
2700 |
details of how the debugging process works that may only be |
| |
|
2701 |
of interest to developers of Perl debuggers. |
| |
|
2702 |
|
| |
|
2703 |
|
| |
|
2704 |
perlfork.pod |
| |
|
2705 |
|
| |
|
2706 |
|
| |
|
2707 |
Notes on the ''fork()'' emulation currently available for |
| |
|
2708 |
the Windows platform. |
| |
|
2709 |
|
| |
|
2710 |
|
| |
|
2711 |
perlfilter.pod |
| |
|
2712 |
|
| |
|
2713 |
|
| |
|
2714 |
An introduction to writing Perl source filters. |
| |
|
2715 |
|
| |
|
2716 |
|
| |
|
2717 |
perlhack.pod |
| |
|
2718 |
|
| |
|
2719 |
|
| |
|
2720 |
Some guidelines for hacking the Perl source |
| |
|
2721 |
code. |
| |
|
2722 |
|
| |
|
2723 |
|
| |
|
2724 |
perlintern.pod |
| |
|
2725 |
|
| |
|
2726 |
|
| |
|
2727 |
A list of internal functions in the Perl source code. (List |
| |
|
2728 |
is currently empty.) |
| |
|
2729 |
|
| |
|
2730 |
|
| |
|
2731 |
perllexwarn.pod |
| |
|
2732 |
|
| |
|
2733 |
|
| |
|
2734 |
Introduction and reference information about lexically |
| |
|
2735 |
scoped warning categories. |
| |
|
2736 |
|
| |
|
2737 |
|
| |
|
2738 |
perlnumber.pod |
| |
|
2739 |
|
| |
|
2740 |
|
| |
|
2741 |
Detailed information about numbers as they are represented |
| |
|
2742 |
in Perl. |
| |
|
2743 |
|
| |
|
2744 |
|
| |
|
2745 |
perlopentut.pod |
| |
|
2746 |
|
| |
|
2747 |
|
| |
|
2748 |
A tutorial on using ''open()'' effectively. |
| |
|
2749 |
|
| |
|
2750 |
|
| |
|
2751 |
perlreftut.pod |
| |
|
2752 |
|
| |
|
2753 |
|
| |
|
2754 |
A tutorial that introduces the essentials of |
| |
|
2755 |
references. |
| |
|
2756 |
|
| |
|
2757 |
|
| |
|
2758 |
perltootc.pod |
| |
|
2759 |
|
| |
|
2760 |
|
| |
|
2761 |
A tutorial on managing class data for object |
| |
|
2762 |
modules. |
| |
|
2763 |
|
| |
|
2764 |
|
| |
|
2765 |
perltodo.pod |
| |
|
2766 |
|
| |
|
2767 |
|
| |
|
2768 |
Discussion of the most often wanted features that may |
| |
|
2769 |
someday be supported in Perl. |
| |
|
2770 |
|
| |
|
2771 |
|
| |
|
2772 |
perlunicode.pod |
| |
|
2773 |
|
| |
|
2774 |
|
| |
|
2775 |
An introduction to Unicode support features in |
| |
|
2776 |
Perl. |
| |
|
2777 |
!!Performance enhancements |
| |
|
2778 |
|
| |
|
2779 |
|
| |
|
2780 |
__Simple__ ''sort()'' __using {__ $a |
| |
|
2781 |
____ $b __} and the like are |
| |
|
2782 |
optimized__ |
| |
|
2783 |
|
| |
|
2784 |
|
| |
|
2785 |
Many common ''sort()'' operations using a simple inlined |
| |
|
2786 |
block are now optimized for faster performance. |
| |
|
2787 |
|
| |
|
2788 |
|
| |
|
2789 |
__Optimized assignments to lexical |
| |
|
2790 |
variables__ |
| |
|
2791 |
|
| |
|
2792 |
|
| |
|
2793 |
Certain operations in the RHS of assignment |
| |
|
2794 |
statements have been optimized to directly set the lexical |
| |
|
2795 |
variable on the LHS , eliminating redundant |
| |
|
2796 |
copying overheads. |
| |
|
2797 |
|
| |
|
2798 |
|
| |
|
2799 |
__Faster subroutine calls__ |
| |
|
2800 |
|
| |
|
2801 |
|
| |
|
2802 |
Minor changes in how subroutine calls are handled internally |
| |
|
2803 |
provide marginal improvements in performance. |
| |
|
2804 |
|
| |
|
2805 |
|
| |
|
2806 |
''delete()''__,__ ''each()''__,__ |
| |
|
2807 |
''values()'' __and hash iteration are |
| |
|
2808 |
faster__ |
| |
|
2809 |
|
| |
|
2810 |
|
| |
|
2811 |
The hash values returned by ''delete()'', ''each()'', |
| |
|
2812 |
''values()'' and hashes in a list context are the actual |
| |
|
2813 |
values in the hash, instead of copies. This results in |
| |
|
2814 |
significantly better performance, because it eliminates |
| |
|
2815 |
needless copying in most situations. |
| |
|
2816 |
!!Installation and Configuration Improvements |
| |
|
2817 |
|
| |
|
2818 |
|
| |
|
2819 |
__-Dusethreads means something different__ |
| |
|
2820 |
|
| |
|
2821 |
|
| |
|
2822 |
The -Dusethreads flag now enables the experimental |
| |
|
2823 |
interpreter-based thread support by default. To get the |
| |
|
2824 |
flavor of experimental threads that was in 5.005 instead, |
| |
|
2825 |
you need to run Configure with ``-Dusethreads |
| |
|
2826 |
-Duse5005threads''. |
| |
|
2827 |
|
| |
|
2828 |
|
| |
|
2829 |
As of v5.6.0, interpreter-threads support is still lacking a |
| |
|
2830 |
way to create new threads from Perl (i.e., use |
| |
|
2831 |
Thread; will not work with interpreter threads). |
| |
|
2832 |
use Thread; continues to be available when you |
| |
|
2833 |
specify the -Duse5005threads option to Configure, bugs and |
| |
|
2834 |
all. |
| |
|
2835 |
|
| |
|
2836 |
|
| |
|
2837 |
NOTE: Support for threads continues to be an experimental feature. |
| |
|
2838 |
Interfaces and implementation are subject to sudden and drastic changes. |
| |
|
2839 |
|
| |
|
2840 |
|
| |
|
2841 |
__New Configure flags__ |
| |
|
2842 |
|
| |
|
2843 |
|
| |
|
2844 |
The following new flags may be enabled on the Configure |
| |
|
2845 |
command line by running Configure with |
| |
|
2846 |
-Dflag. |
| |
|
2847 |
|
| |
|
2848 |
|
| |
|
2849 |
usemultiplicity |
| |
|
2850 |
usethreads useithreads (new interpreter threads: no Perl API yet) |
| |
|
2851 |
usethreads use5005threads (threads as they were in 5.005) |
| |
|
2852 |
use64bitint (equal to now deprecated 'use64bits') |
| |
|
2853 |
use64bitall |
| |
|
2854 |
uselongdouble |
| |
|
2855 |
usemorebits |
| |
|
2856 |
uselargefiles |
| |
|
2857 |
usesocks (only SOCKS v5 supported) |
| |
|
2858 |
|
| |
|
2859 |
|
| |
|
2860 |
__Threadedness and 64-bitness now more |
| |
|
2861 |
daring__ |
| |
|
2862 |
|
| |
|
2863 |
|
| |
|
2864 |
The Configure options enabling the use of threads and the |
| |
|
2865 |
use of 64-bitness are now more daring in the sense that they |
| |
|
2866 |
no more have an explicit list of operating systems of known |
| |
|
2867 |
threads/64-bit capabilities. In other words: if your |
| |
|
2868 |
operating system has the necessary APIs and datatypes, you |
| |
|
2869 |
should be able just to go ahead and use them, for threads by |
| |
|
2870 |
Configure -Dusethreads, and for 64 bits either explicitly by |
| |
|
2871 |
Configure -Duse64bitint or implicitly if your system has |
| |
|
2872 |
64-bit wide datatypes. See also ``64-bit |
| |
|
2873 |
support''. |
| |
|
2874 |
|
| |
|
2875 |
|
| |
|
2876 |
__Long Doubles__ |
| |
|
2877 |
|
| |
|
2878 |
|
| |
|
2879 |
Some platforms have ``long doubles'', floating point numbers |
| |
|
2880 |
of even larger range than ordinary ``doubles''. To enable |
| |
|
2881 |
using long doubles for Perl's scalars, use |
| |
|
2882 |
-Duselongdouble. |
| |
|
2883 |
|
| |
|
2884 |
|
| |
|
2885 |
__-Dusemorebits__ |
| |
|
2886 |
|
| |
|
2887 |
|
| |
|
2888 |
You can enable both -Duse64bitint and -Duselongdouble with |
| |
|
2889 |
-Dusemorebits. See also ``64-bit support''. |
| |
|
2890 |
|
| |
|
2891 |
|
| |
|
2892 |
__-Duselargefiles__ |
| |
|
2893 |
|
| |
|
2894 |
|
| |
|
2895 |
Some platforms support system APIs that are capable of |
| |
|
2896 |
handling large files (typically, files larger than two |
| |
|
2897 |
gigabytes). Perl will try to use these APIs if you ask for |
| |
|
2898 |
-Duselargefiles. |
| |
|
2899 |
|
| |
|
2900 |
|
| |
|
2901 |
See ``Large file support'' for more |
| |
|
2902 |
information. |
| |
|
2903 |
|
| |
|
2904 |
|
| |
|
2905 |
__installusrbinperl__ |
| |
|
2906 |
|
| |
|
2907 |
|
| |
|
2908 |
You can use ``Configure -Uinstallusrbinperl'' which causes |
| |
|
2909 |
installperl to skip installing perl also as /usr/bin/perl. |
| |
|
2910 |
This is useful if you prefer not to modify /usr/bin for some |
| |
|
2911 |
reason or another but harmful because many scripts assume to |
| |
|
2912 |
find Perl in /usr/bin/perl. |
| |
|
2913 |
|
| |
|
2914 |
|
| |
|
2915 |
__SOCKS support__ |
| |
|
2916 |
|
| |
|
2917 |
|
| |
|
2918 |
You can use ``Configure -Dusesocks'' which causes Perl to |
| |
|
2919 |
probe for the SOCKS proxy protocol library |
| |
|
2920 |
(v5, not v4). For more information on SOCKS , |
| |
|
2921 |
see: |
| |
|
2922 |
|
| |
|
2923 |
|
| |
|
2924 |
http://www.socks.nec.com/ |
| |
|
2925 |
|
| |
|
2926 |
|
| |
|
2927 |
-A __flag__ |
| |
|
2928 |
|
| |
|
2929 |
|
| |
|
2930 |
You can ``post-edit'' the Configure variables using the |
| |
|
2931 |
Configure -A switch. The editing happens |
| |
|
2932 |
immediately after the platform specific hints files have |
| |
|
2933 |
been processed but before the actual configuration process |
| |
|
2934 |
starts. Run Configure -h to find out the full |
| |
|
2935 |
-A syntax. |
| |
|
2936 |
|
| |
|
2937 |
|
| |
|
2938 |
__Enhanced Installation Directories__ |
| |
|
2939 |
|
| |
|
2940 |
|
| |
|
2941 |
The installation structure has been enriched to improve the |
| |
|
2942 |
support for maintaining multiple versions of perl, to |
| |
|
2943 |
provide locations for vendor-supplied modules, scripts, and |
| |
|
2944 |
manpages, and to ease maintenance of locally-added modules, |
| |
|
2945 |
scripts, and manpages. See the section on Installation |
| |
|
2946 |
Directories in the INSTALL file for complete |
| |
|
2947 |
details. For most users building and installing from source, |
| |
|
2948 |
the defaults should be fine. |
| |
|
2949 |
|
| |
|
2950 |
|
| |
|
2951 |
If you previously used Configure -Dsitelib or |
| |
|
2952 |
-Dsitearch to set special values for library |
| |
|
2953 |
directories, you might wish to consider using the new |
| |
|
2954 |
-Dsiteprefix setting instead. Also, if you wish to |
| |
|
2955 |
re-use a config.sh file from an earlier version of perl, you |
| |
|
2956 |
should be sure to check that Configure makes sensible |
| |
|
2957 |
choices for the new directories. See INSTALL |
| |
|
2958 |
for complete details. |
| |
|
2959 |
|
| |
|
2960 |
|
| |
|
2961 |
__gcc automatically tried if 'cc' does not seem to be |
| |
|
2962 |
working__ |
| |
|
2963 |
|
| |
|
2964 |
|
| |
|
2965 |
In many platforms the vendor-supplied 'cc' is too |
| |
|
2966 |
stripped-down to build Perl (basically, the 'cc' doesn't do |
| |
|
2967 |
ANSI C). If this seems to be the case and the |
| |
|
2968 |
'cc' does not seem to be the GNU C compiler |
| |
|
2969 |
'gcc', an automatic attempt is made to find and use 'gcc' |
| |
|
2970 |
instead. |
| |
|
2971 |
!!Platform specific changes |
| |
|
2972 |
|
| |
|
2973 |
|
| |
|
2974 |
__Supported platforms__ |
| |
|
2975 |
|
| |
|
2976 |
|
| |
|
2977 |
The Mach CThreads ( NEXTSTEP , |
| |
|
2978 |
OPENSTEP ) are now supported by the Thread |
| |
|
2979 |
extension. |
| |
|
2980 |
|
| |
|
2981 |
|
| |
|
2982 |
GNU/Hurd is now supported. |
| |
|
2983 |
|
| |
|
2984 |
|
| |
|
2985 |
Rhapsody/Darwin is now supported. |
| |
|
2986 |
|
| |
|
2987 |
|
| |
|
2988 |
EPOC is now supported (on Psion |
| |
|
2989 |
5). |
| |
|
2990 |
|
| |
|
2991 |
|
| |
|
2992 |
The cygwin port (formerly cygwin32) has been greatly |
| |
|
2993 |
improved. |
| |
|
2994 |
|
| |
|
2995 |
|
| |
|
2996 |
__DOS__ |
| |
|
2997 |
|
| |
|
2998 |
|
| |
|
2999 |
Perl now works with djgpp 2.02 (and 2.03 |
| |
|
3000 |
alpha). |
| |
|
3001 |
|
| |
|
3002 |
|
| |
|
3003 |
Environment variable names are not converted to uppercase |
| |
|
3004 |
any more. |
| |
|
3005 |
|
| |
|
3006 |
|
| |
|
3007 |
Incorrect exit codes from backticks have been |
| |
|
3008 |
fixed. |
| |
|
3009 |
|
| |
|
3010 |
|
| |
|
3011 |
This port continues to use its own builtin globbing (not |
| |
|
3012 |
File::Glob). |
| |
|
3013 |
|
| |
|
3014 |
|
| 2 |
perry |
3015 |
__OS390 (!OpenEdition MVS |
| 1 |
perry |
3016 |
)__ |
| |
|
3017 |
|
| |
|
3018 |
|
| |
|
3019 |
Support for this EBCDIC platform has not been |
| |
|
3020 |
renewed in this release. There are difficulties in |
| |
|
3021 |
reconciling Perl's standardization on UTF-8 |
| |
|
3022 |
as its internal representation for characters with the |
| |
|
3023 |
EBCDIC character set, because the two are |
| |
|
3024 |
incompatible. |
| |
|
3025 |
|
| |
|
3026 |
|
| |
|
3027 |
It is unclear whether future versions will renew support for |
| |
|
3028 |
this platform, but the possibility exists. |
| |
|
3029 |
|
| |
|
3030 |
|
| |
|
3031 |
__VMS__ |
| |
|
3032 |
|
| |
|
3033 |
|
| |
|
3034 |
Numerous revisions and extensions to configuration, build, |
| |
|
3035 |
testing, and installation process to accommodate core |
| |
|
3036 |
changes and VMS-specific options. |
| |
|
3037 |
|
| |
|
3038 |
|
| |
|
3039 |
Expand %ENV-handling code to allow runtime mapping |
| |
|
3040 |
to logical names, CLI symbols, and |
| |
|
3041 |
CRTL environ array. |
| |
|
3042 |
|
| |
|
3043 |
|
| |
|
3044 |
Extension of subprocess invocation code to accept filespecs |
| |
|
3045 |
as command ``verbs''. |
| |
|
3046 |
|
| |
|
3047 |
|
| |
|
3048 |
Add to Perl command line processing the ability to use |
| |
|
3049 |
default file types and to recognize Unix-style |
| |
|
3050 |
2. |
| |
|
3051 |
|
| |
|
3052 |
|
| |
|
3053 |
Expansion of File::Spec::VMS routines, and integration into |
| 2 |
perry |
3054 |
!ExtUtils::MM_VMS. |
| 1 |
perry |
3055 |
|
| |
|
3056 |
|
| 2 |
perry |
3057 |
Extension of !ExtUtils::MM_VMS to handle complex extensions |
| 1 |
perry |
3058 |
more flexibly. |
| |
|
3059 |
|
| |
|
3060 |
|
| |
|
3061 |
Barewords at start of Unix-syntax paths may be treated as |
| |
|
3062 |
text rather than only as logical names. |
| |
|
3063 |
|
| |
|
3064 |
|
| |
|
3065 |
Optional secure translation of several logical names used |
| |
|
3066 |
internally by Perl. |
| |
|
3067 |
|
| |
|
3068 |
|
| |
|
3069 |
Miscellaneous bugfixing and porting of new core code to |
| |
|
3070 |
VMS . |
| |
|
3071 |
|
| |
|
3072 |
|
| |
|
3073 |
Thanks are gladly extended to the many people who have |
| |
|
3074 |
contributed VMS patches, testing, and |
| |
|
3075 |
ideas. |
| |
|
3076 |
|
| |
|
3077 |
|
| |
|
3078 |
__Win32__ |
| |
|
3079 |
|
| |
|
3080 |
|
| |
|
3081 |
Perl can now emulate ''fork()'' internally, using |
| |
|
3082 |
multiple interpreters running in different concurrent |
| |
|
3083 |
threads. This support must be enabled at build time. See |
| |
|
3084 |
perlfork for detailed information. |
| |
|
3085 |
|
| |
|
3086 |
|
| |
|
3087 |
When given a pathname that consists only of a drivename, |
| |
|
3088 |
such as A:, ''opendir()'' and ''stat()'' now |
| |
|
3089 |
use the current working directory for the drive rather than |
| |
|
3090 |
the drive root. |
| |
|
3091 |
|
| |
|
3092 |
|
| |
|
3093 |
The builtin XSUB functions in the Win32:: |
| |
|
3094 |
namespace are documented. See Win32. |
| |
|
3095 |
|
| |
|
3096 |
|
| |
|
3097 |
$^X now contains the full path name of the running |
| |
|
3098 |
executable. |
| |
|
3099 |
|
| |
|
3100 |
|
| 2 |
perry |
3101 |
A ''Win32::!GetLongPathName()'' function is provided to |
| |
|
3102 |
complement ''Win32::!GetFullPathName()'' and |
| |
|
3103 |
''Win32::!GetShortPathName()''. See Win32. |
| 1 |
perry |
3104 |
|
| |
|
3105 |
|
| |
|
3106 |
''POSIX::uname()'' is supported. |
| |
|
3107 |
|
| |
|
3108 |
|
| |
|
3109 |
system(1,...) now returns true process IDs rather than |
| |
|
3110 |
process handles. ''kill()'' accepts any real process id, |
| |
|
3111 |
rather than strictly return values from |
| |
|
3112 |
system(1,...). |
| |
|
3113 |
|
| |
|
3114 |
|
| |
|
3115 |
For better compatibility with Unix, kill(0, $pid) |
| |
|
3116 |
can now be used to test whether a process |
| |
|
3117 |
exists. |
| |
|
3118 |
|
| |
|
3119 |
|
| |
|
3120 |
The Shell module is supported. |
| |
|
3121 |
|
| |
|
3122 |
|
| |
|
3123 |
Better support for building Perl under command.com in |
| |
|
3124 |
Windows 95 has been added. |
| |
|
3125 |
|
| |
|
3126 |
|
| |
|
3127 |
Scripts are read in binary mode by default to allow |
| 2 |
perry |
3128 |
!ByteLoader (and the filter mechanism in general) to work |
| 1 |
perry |
3129 |
properly. For compatibility, the DATA |
| |
|
3130 |
filehandle will be set to text mode if a carriage return is |
| |
|
3131 |
detected at the end of the line containing the __END__ or |
| |
|
3132 |
__DATA__ token; if not, the DATA filehandle |
| |
|
3133 |
will be left open in binary mode. Earlier versions always |
| |
|
3134 |
opened the DATA filehandle in text |
| |
|
3135 |
mode. |
| |
|
3136 |
|
| |
|
3137 |
|
| |
|
3138 |
The ''glob()'' operator is implemented via the |
| |
|
3139 |
File::Glob extension, which supports glob syntax of |
| |
|
3140 |
the C shell. This increases the flexibility of the |
| |
|
3141 |
''glob()'' operator, but there may be compatibility |
| |
|
3142 |
issues for programs that relied on the older globbing |
| |
|
3143 |
syntax. If you want to preserve compatibility with the older |
| |
|
3144 |
syntax, you might want to run perl with |
| 2 |
perry |
3145 |
-MFile::!DosGlob. For details and compatibility |
| 1 |
perry |
3146 |
information, see File::Glob. |
| |
|
3147 |
!!Significant bug fixes |
| |
|
3148 |
|
| |
|
3149 |
|
| |
|
3150 |
____HANDLE |
| |
|
3151 |
|
| |
|
3152 |
|
| |
|
3153 |
With $/ set to undef, ``slurping'' an |
| |
|
3154 |
empty file returns a string of zero length (instead of |
| |
|
3155 |
undef, as it used to) the first time the |
| |
|
3156 |
HANDLE is read after $/ is set to |
| |
|
3157 |
undef. Further reads yield |
| |
|
3158 |
undef. |
| |
|
3159 |
|
| |
|
3160 |
|
| |
|
3161 |
This means that the following will append ``foo'' to an |
| |
|
3162 |
empty file (it used to do nothing): |
| |
|
3163 |
|
| |
|
3164 |
|
| |
|
3165 |
perl -0777 -pi -e 's/^/foo/' empty_file |
| |
|
3166 |
The behaviour of: |
| |
|
3167 |
|
| |
|
3168 |
|
| |
|
3169 |
perl -pi -e 's/^/foo/' empty_file |
| |
|
3170 |
is unchanged (it continues to leave the file empty). |
| |
|
3171 |
|
| |
|
3172 |
|
| |
|
3173 |
eval '...' __improvements__ |
| |
|
3174 |
|
| |
|
3175 |
|
| |
|
3176 |
Line numbers (as reflected by ''caller()'' and most |
| |
|
3177 |
diagnostics) within eval '...' were often incorrect |
| |
|
3178 |
where here documents were involved. This has been |
| |
|
3179 |
corrected. |
| |
|
3180 |
|
| |
|
3181 |
|
| |
|
3182 |
Lexical lookups for variables appearing in eval |
| |
|
3183 |
'...' within functions that were themselves called |
| |
|
3184 |
within an eval '...' were searching the wrong place |
| |
|
3185 |
for lexicals. The lexical search now correctly ends at the |
| |
|
3186 |
subroutine's block boundary. |
| |
|
3187 |
|
| |
|
3188 |
|
| |
|
3189 |
The use of return within eval {...} caused |
| |
|
3190 |
$@ not to be reset correctly when no exception occurred |
| |
|
3191 |
within the eval. This has been fixed. |
| |
|
3192 |
|
| |
|
3193 |
|
| |
|
3194 |
Parsing of here documents used to be flawed when they |
| |
|
3195 |
appeared as the replacement expression in eval |
| |
|
3196 |
's/.../.../e'. This has been fixed. |
| |
|
3197 |
|
| |
|
3198 |
|
| |
|
3199 |
__All compilation errors are true errors__ |
| |
|
3200 |
|
| |
|
3201 |
|
| |
|
3202 |
Some ``errors'' encountered at compile time were by |
| |
|
3203 |
necessity generated as warnings followed by eventual |
| |
|
3204 |
termination of the program. This enabled more such errors to |
| |
|
3205 |
be reported in a single run, rather than causing a hard stop |
| |
|
3206 |
at the first error that was encountered. |
| |
|
3207 |
|
| |
|
3208 |
|
| |
|
3209 |
The mechanism for reporting such errors has been |
| |
|
3210 |
reimplemented to queue compile-time errors and report them |
| |
|
3211 |
at the end of the compilation as true errors rather than as |
| |
|
3212 |
warnings. This fixes cases where error messages leaked |
| |
|
3213 |
through in the form of warnings when code was compiled at |
| |
|
3214 |
run time using eval STRING, and also allows such |
| |
|
3215 |
errors to be reliably trapped using eval |
| |
|
3216 |
. |
| |
|
3217 |
|
| |
|
3218 |
|
| |
|
3219 |
__Implicitly closed filehandles are safer__ |
| |
|
3220 |
|
| |
|
3221 |
|
| |
|
3222 |
Sometimes implicitly closed filehandles (as when they are |
| |
|
3223 |
localized, and Perl automatically closes them on exiting the |
| |
|
3224 |
scope) could inadvertently set $? or $!. This has been |
| |
|
3225 |
corrected. |
| |
|
3226 |
|
| |
|
3227 |
|
| |
|
3228 |
__Behavior of list slices is more |
| |
|
3229 |
consistent__ |
| |
|
3230 |
|
| |
|
3231 |
|
| |
|
3232 |
When taking a slice of a literal list (as opposed to a slice |
| |
|
3233 |
of an array or hash), Perl used to return an empty list if |
| |
|
3234 |
the result happened to be composed of all undef |
| |
|
3235 |
values. |
| |
|
3236 |
|
| |
|
3237 |
|
| |
|
3238 |
The new behavior is to produce an empty list if (and only |
| |
|
3239 |
if) the original list was empty. Consider the following |
| |
|
3240 |
example: |
| |
|
3241 |
|
| |
|
3242 |
|
| |
|
3243 |
@a = (1,undef,undef,2)[[2,1,2]; |
| |
|
3244 |
The old behavior would have resulted in @a having no elements. The new behavior ensures it has three undefined elements. |
| |
|
3245 |
|
| |
|
3246 |
|
| |
|
3247 |
Note in particular that the behavior of slices of the |
| |
|
3248 |
following cases remains unchanged: |
| |
|
3249 |
|
| |
|
3250 |
|
| |
|
3251 |
@a = ()[[1,2]; |
| |
|
3252 |
@a = (getpwent)[[7,0]; |
| |
|
3253 |
@a = (anything_returning_empty_list())[[2,1,2]; |
| |
|
3254 |
@a = @b[[2,1,2]; |
| |
|
3255 |
@a = @c{'a','b','c'}; |
| |
|
3256 |
See perldata. |
| |
|
3257 |
|
| |
|
3258 |
|
| |
|
3259 |
($) __prototype and__ |
| |
|
3260 |
$foo{a} |
| |
|
3261 |
|
| |
|
3262 |
|
| |
|
3263 |
A scalar reference prototype now correctly allows a hash or |
| |
|
3264 |
array element in that slot. |
| |
|
3265 |
|
| |
|
3266 |
|
| |
|
3267 |
goto __and |
| |
|
3268 |
AUTOLOAD__ |
| |
|
3269 |
|
| |
|
3270 |
|
| |
|
3271 |
The goto construct works correctly when |
| |
|
3272 |
happens to be autoloaded. |
| |
|
3273 |
|
| |
|
3274 |
|
| |
|
3275 |
-bareword __allowed under__ use |
| |
|
3276 |
integer |
| |
|
3277 |
|
| |
|
3278 |
|
| |
|
3279 |
The autoquoting of barewords preceded by - did not |
| |
|
3280 |
work in prior versions when the integer pragma was |
| |
|
3281 |
enabled. This has been fixed. |
| |
|
3282 |
|
| |
|
3283 |
|
| |
|
3284 |
__Failures in__ ''DESTROY |
| |
|
3285 |
()'' |
| |
|
3286 |
|
| |
|
3287 |
|
| |
|
3288 |
When code in a destructor threw an exception, it went |
| |
|
3289 |
unnoticed in earlier versions of Perl, unless someone |
| |
|
3290 |
happened to be looking in $@ just after the point the |
| |
|
3291 |
destructor happened to run. Such failures are now visible as |
| |
|
3292 |
warnings when warnings are enabled. |
| |
|
3293 |
|
| |
|
3294 |
|
| |
|
3295 |
__Locale bugs fixed__ |
| |
|
3296 |
|
| |
|
3297 |
|
| |
|
3298 |
''printf()'' and ''sprintf()'' previously reset the |
| |
|
3299 |
numeric locale back to the default ``C'' locale. This has |
| |
|
3300 |
been fixed. |
| |
|
3301 |
|
| |
|
3302 |
|
| |
|
3303 |
Numbers formatted according to the local numeric locale |
| |
|
3304 |
(such as using a decimal comma instead of a decimal dot) |
| |
|
3305 |
caused ``isn't numeric'' warnings, even while the operations |
| |
|
3306 |
accessing those numbers produced correct results. These |
| |
|
3307 |
warnings have been discontinued. |
| |
|
3308 |
|
| |
|
3309 |
|
| |
|
3310 |
__Memory leaks__ |
| |
|
3311 |
|
| |
|
3312 |
|
| |
|
3313 |
The eval 'return sub {...}' construct could |
| |
|
3314 |
sometimes leak memory. This has been fixed. |
| |
|
3315 |
|
| |
|
3316 |
|
| |
|
3317 |
Operations that aren't filehandle constructors used to leak |
| |
|
3318 |
memory when used on invalid filehandles. This has been |
| |
|
3319 |
fixed. |
| |
|
3320 |
|
| |
|
3321 |
|
| |
|
3322 |
Constructs that modified @_ could fail to |
| |
|
3323 |
deallocate values in @_ and thus leak memory. This |
| |
|
3324 |
has been corrected. |
| |
|
3325 |
|
| |
|
3326 |
|
| |
|
3327 |
__Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine |
| |
|
3328 |
calls__ |
| |
|
3329 |
|
| |
|
3330 |
|
| |
|
3331 |
Perl could sometimes create empty subroutine stubs when a |
| |
|
3332 |
subroutine was not found in the package. Such cases stopped |
| |
|
3333 |
later method lookups from progressing into base packages. |
| |
|
3334 |
This has been corrected. |
| |
|
3335 |
|
| |
|
3336 |
|
| |
|
3337 |
__Taint failures under__ -U |
| |
|
3338 |
|
| |
|
3339 |
|
| |
|
3340 |
When running in unsafe mode, taint violations could |
| |
|
3341 |
sometimes cause silent failures. This has been |
| |
|
3342 |
fixed. |
| |
|
3343 |
|
| |
|
3344 |
|
| |
|
3345 |
__END blocks and the__ -c |
| |
|
3346 |
__switch__ |
| |
|
3347 |
|
| |
|
3348 |
|
| |
|
3349 |
Prior versions used to run BEGIN __and__ |
| |
|
3350 |
END blocks when Perl was run in compile-only |
| |
|
3351 |
mode. Since this is typically not the expected behavior, |
| |
|
3352 |
END blocks are not executed anymore when the |
| |
|
3353 |
-c switch is used, or if compilation |
| |
|
3354 |
fails. |
| |
|
3355 |
|
| |
|
3356 |
|
| |
|
3357 |
See ``Support for CHECK blocks'' for how to |
| |
|
3358 |
run things when the compile phase ends. |
| |
|
3359 |
|
| |
|
3360 |
|
| |
|
3361 |
__Potential to leak DATA |
| |
|
3362 |
filehandles__ |
| |
|
3363 |
|
| |
|
3364 |
|
| |
|
3365 |
Using the __DATA__ token creates an implicit |
| |
|
3366 |
filehandle to the file that contains the token. It is the |
| |
|
3367 |
program's responsibility to close it when it is done reading |
| |
|
3368 |
from it. |
| |
|
3369 |
|
| |
|
3370 |
|
| |
|
3371 |
This caveat is now better explained in the documentation. |
| |
|
3372 |
See perldata. |
| |
|
3373 |
!!New or Changed Diagnostics |
| |
|
3374 |
|
| |
|
3375 |
|
| |
|
3376 |
``%s'' variable %s masks earlier declaration in |
| |
|
3377 |
same %s |
| |
|
3378 |
|
| |
|
3379 |
|
| |
|
3380 |
(W misc) A ``my'' or ``our'' variable has been redeclared in |
| |
|
3381 |
the current scope or statement, effectively eliminating all |
| |
|
3382 |
access to the previous instance. This is almost always a |
| |
|
3383 |
typographical error. Note that the earlier variable will |
| |
|
3384 |
still exist until the end of the scope or until all closure |
| |
|
3385 |
referents to it are destroyed. |
| |
|
3386 |
|
| |
|
3387 |
|
| |
|
3388 |
``my sub'' not yet implemented |
| |
|
3389 |
|
| |
|
3390 |
|
| |
|
3391 |
(F) Lexically scoped subroutines are not yet implemented. |
| |
|
3392 |
Don't try that yet. |
| |
|
3393 |
|
| |
|
3394 |
|
| |
|
3395 |
``our'' variable %s redeclared |
| |
|
3396 |
|
| |
|
3397 |
|
| |
|
3398 |
(W misc) You seem to have already declared the same global |
| |
|
3399 |
once before in the current lexical scope. |
| |
|
3400 |
|
| |
|
3401 |
|
| |
|
3402 |
'!' allowed only after types %s |
| |
|
3403 |
|
| |
|
3404 |
|
| |
|
3405 |
(F) The '!' is allowed in ''pack()'' and ''unpack()'' |
| |
|
3406 |
only after certain types. See ``pack'' in |
| |
|
3407 |
perlfunc. |
| |
|
3408 |
|
| |
|
3409 |
|
| |
|
3410 |
/ cannot take a count |
| |
|
3411 |
|
| |
|
3412 |
|
| |
|
3413 |
(F) You had an unpack template indicating a counted-length |
| |
|
3414 |
string, but you have also specified an explicit size for the |
| |
|
3415 |
string. See ``pack'' in perlfunc. |
| |
|
3416 |
|
| |
|
3417 |
|
| |
|
3418 |
/ must be followed by a, A or Z |
| |
|
3419 |
|
| |
|
3420 |
|
| |
|
3421 |
(F) You had an unpack template indicating a counted-length |
| |
|
3422 |
string, which must be followed by one of the letters a, A or |
| |
|
3423 |
Z to indicate what sort of string is to be unpacked. See |
| |
|
3424 |
``pack'' in perlfunc. |
| |
|
3425 |
|
| |
|
3426 |
|
| |
|
3427 |
/ must be followed by a*, A* or Z* |
| |
|
3428 |
|
| |
|
3429 |
|
| |
|
3430 |
(F) You had a pack template indicating a counted-length |
| |
|
3431 |
string, Currently the only things that can have their length |
| |
|
3432 |
counted are a*, A* or Z*. See ``pack'' in |
| |
|
3433 |
perlfunc. |
| |
|
3434 |
|
| |
|
3435 |
|
| |
|
3436 |
/ must follow a numeric type |
| |
|
3437 |
|
| |
|
3438 |
|
| |
|
3439 |
(F) You had an unpack template that contained a '#', but |
| |
|
3440 |
this did not follow some numeric unpack specification. See |
| |
|
3441 |
``pack'' in perlfunc. |
| |
|
3442 |
|
| |
|
3443 |
|
| |
|
3444 |
/%s/: Unrecognized escape \%c passed through |
| |
|
3445 |
|
| |
|
3446 |
|
| |
|
3447 |
(W regexp) You used a backslash-character combination which |
| |
|
3448 |
is not recognized by Perl. This combination appears in an |
| |
|
3449 |
interpolated variable or a '-delimited regular |
| |
|
3450 |
expression. The character was understood |
| |
|
3451 |
literally. |
| |
|
3452 |
|
| |
|
3453 |
|
| |
|
3454 |
/%s/: Unrecognized escape \%c in character class passed |
| |
|
3455 |
through |
| |
|
3456 |
|
| |
|
3457 |
|
| |
|
3458 |
(W regexp) You used a backslash-character combination which |
| |
|
3459 |
is not recognized by Perl inside character classes. The |
| |
|
3460 |
character was understood literally. |
| |
|
3461 |
|
| |
|
3462 |
|
| |
|
3463 |
/%s/ should probably be written as ``%s'' |
| |
|
3464 |
|
| |
|
3465 |
|
| |
|
3466 |
(W syntax) You have used a pattern where Perl expected to |
| |
|
3467 |
find a string, as in the first argument to join. |
| |
|
3468 |
Perl will treat the true or false result of matching the |
| |
|
3469 |
pattern against $_ as the string, which is probably |
| |
|
3470 |
not what you had in mind. |
| |
|
3471 |
|
| |
|
3472 |
|
| |
|
3473 |
%s() called too early to check prototype |
| |
|
3474 |
|
| |
|
3475 |
|
| |
|
3476 |
(W prototype) You've called a function that has a prototype |
| |
|
3477 |
before the parser saw a definition or declaration for it, |
| |
|
3478 |
and Perl could not check that the call conforms to the |
| |
|
3479 |
prototype. You need to either add an early prototype |
| |
|
3480 |
declaration for the subroutine in question, or move the |
| |
|
3481 |
subroutine definition ahead of the call to get proper |
| |
|
3482 |
prototype checking. Alternatively, if you are certain that |
| |
|
3483 |
you're calling the function correctly, you may put an |
| |
|
3484 |
ampersand before the name to avoid the warning. See |
| |
|
3485 |
perlsub. |
| |
|
3486 |
|
| |
|
3487 |
|
| |
|
3488 |
%s argument is not a HASH or |
| |
|
3489 |
ARRAY element |
| |
|
3490 |
|
| |
|
3491 |
|
| |
|
3492 |
(F) The argument to ''exists()'' must be a hash or array |
| |
|
3493 |
element, such as: |
| |
|
3494 |
|
| |
|
3495 |
|
| |
|
3496 |
$foo{$bar} |
| |
|
3497 |
$ref- |
| |
|
3498 |
|
| |
|
3499 |
|
| |
|
3500 |
%s argument is not a HASH or |
| |
|
3501 |
ARRAY element or slice |
| |
|
3502 |
|
| |
|
3503 |
|
| |
|
3504 |
(F) The argument to ''delete()'' must be either a hash or |
| |
|
3505 |
array element, such as: |
| |
|
3506 |
|
| |
|
3507 |
|
| |
|
3508 |
$foo{$bar} |
| |
|
3509 |
$ref- |
| |
|
3510 |
or a hash or array slice, such as: |
| |
|
3511 |
|
| |
|
3512 |
|
| |
|
3513 |
@foo[[$bar, $baz, $xyzzy] |
| |
|
3514 |
@{$ref- |
| |
|
3515 |
|
| |
|
3516 |
|
| |
|
3517 |
%s argument is not a subroutine name |
| |
|
3518 |
|
| |
|
3519 |
|
| |
|
3520 |
(F) The argument to ''exists()'' for exists |
| |
|
3521 |
must be a subroutine name, and not a |
| |
|
3522 |
subroutine call. exists will generate |
| |
|
3523 |
this error. |
| |
|
3524 |
|
| |
|
3525 |
|
| |
|
3526 |
%s package attribute may clash with future reserved word: |
| |
|
3527 |
%s |
| |
|
3528 |
|
| |
|
3529 |
|
| |
|
3530 |
(W reserved) A lowercase attribute name was used that had a |
| |
|
3531 |
package-specific handler. That name might have a meaning to |
| |
|
3532 |
Perl itself some day, even though it doesn't yet. Perhaps |
| |
|
3533 |
you should use a mixed-case attribute name, instead. See |
| |
|
3534 |
attributes. |
| |
|
3535 |
|
| |
|
3536 |
|
| |
|
3537 |
(in cleanup) %s |
| |
|
3538 |
|
| |
|
3539 |
|
| |
|
3540 |
(W misc) This prefix usually indicates that a |
| |
|
3541 |
''DESTROY ()'' method raised the indicated |
| |
|
3542 |
exception. Since destructors are usually called by the |
| |
|
3543 |
system at arbitrary points during execution, and often a |
| |
|
3544 |
vast number of times, the warning is issued only once for |
| |
|
3545 |
any number of failures that would otherwise result in the |
| |
|
3546 |
same message being repeated. |
| |
|
3547 |
|
| |
|
3548 |
|
| |
|
3549 |
Failure of user callbacks dispatched using the |
| |
|
3550 |
G_KEEPERR flag could also result in this warning. |
| |
|
3551 |
See ``G_KEEPERR'' in perlcall. |
| |
|
3552 |
|
| |
|
3553 |
|
| |
|
3554 |
|
| |
|
3555 |
|
| |
|
3556 |
(F) You wrote require when you should |
| |
|
3557 |
have written require 'file'. |
| |
|
3558 |
|
| |
|
3559 |
|
| |
|
3560 |
Attempt to join self |
| |
|
3561 |
|
| |
|
3562 |
|
| |
|
3563 |
(F) You tried to join a thread from within itself, which is |
| |
|
3564 |
an impossible task. You may be joining the wrong thread, or |
| |
|
3565 |
you may need to move the ''join()'' to some other |
| |
|
3566 |
thread. |
| |
|
3567 |
|
| |
|
3568 |
|
| |
|
3569 |
Bad evalled substitution pattern |
| |
|
3570 |
|
| |
|
3571 |
|
| |
|
3572 |
(F) You've used the /e switch to evaluate the replacement |
| |
|
3573 |
for a substitution, but perl found a syntax error in the |
| |
|
3574 |
code to evaluate, most likely an unexpected right brace |
| |
|
3575 |
'}'. |
| |
|
3576 |
|
| |
|
3577 |
|
| |
|
3578 |
Bad ''realloc()'' ignored |
| |
|
3579 |
|
| |
|
3580 |
|
| |
|
3581 |
(S) An internal routine called ''realloc()'' on something |
| |
|
3582 |
that had never been ''malloc()''ed in the first place. |
| |
|
3583 |
Mandatory, but can be disabled by setting environment |
| |
|
3584 |
variable PERL_BADFREE to 1. |
| |
|
3585 |
|
| |
|
3586 |
|
| |
|
3587 |
Bareword found in conditional |
| |
|
3588 |
|
| |
|
3589 |
|
| |
|
3590 |
(W bareword) The compiler found a bareword where it expected |
| |
|
3591 |
a conditional, which often indicates that an or |
| |
|
3592 |
|
| |
|
3593 |
|
| |
|
3594 |
open FOO die; |
| |
|
3595 |
It may also indicate a misspelled constant that has been interpreted as a bareword: |
| |
|
3596 |
|
| |
|
3597 |
|
| |
|
3598 |
use constant TYPO = |
| |
|
3599 |
The strict pragma is useful in avoiding such errors. |
| |
|
3600 |
|
| |
|
3601 |
|
| |
|
3602 |
Binary number |
| |
|
3603 |
|
| |
|
3604 |
|
| |
|
3605 |
(W portable) The binary number you specified is larger than |
| |
|
3606 |
2**32-1 (4294967295) and therefore non-portable between |
| |
|
3607 |
systems. See perlport for more on portability |
| |
|
3608 |
concerns. |
| |
|
3609 |
|
| |
|
3610 |
|
| |
|
3611 |
Bit vector size |
| |
|
3612 |
|
| |
|
3613 |
|
| |
|
3614 |
(W portable) Using bit vector sizes larger than 32 is |
| |
|
3615 |
non-portable. |
| |
|
3616 |
|
| |
|
3617 |
|
| |
|
3618 |
Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s |
| |
|
3619 |
|
| |
|
3620 |
|
| |
|
3621 |
(W internal) A warning peculiar to VMS . |
| |
|
3622 |
While Perl was preparing to iterate over %ENV, it |
| |
|
3623 |
encountered a logical name or symbol definition which was |
| |
|
3624 |
too long, so it was truncated to the string |
| |
|
3625 |
shown. |
| |
|
3626 |
|
| |
|
3627 |
|
| |
|
3628 |
Can't check filesystem of script ``%s'' |
| |
|
3629 |
|
| |
|
3630 |
|
| |
|
3631 |
(P) For some reason you can't check the filesystem of the |
| |
|
3632 |
script for nosuid. |
| |
|
3633 |
|
| |
|
3634 |
|
| |
|
3635 |
Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in |
| |
|
3636 |
``%s'' |
| |
|
3637 |
|
| |
|
3638 |
|
| |
|
3639 |
(S) Currently, only scalar variables can declared with a |
| |
|
3640 |
specific class qualifier in a ``my'' or ``our'' declaration. |
| |
|
3641 |
The semantics may be extended for other types of variables |
| |
|
3642 |
in future. |
| |
|
3643 |
|
| |
|
3644 |
|
| |
|
3645 |
Can't declare %s in ``%s'' |
| |
|
3646 |
|
| |
|
3647 |
|
| |
|
3648 |
(F) Only scalar, array, and hash variables may be declared |
| |
|
3649 |
as ``my'' or ``our'' variables. They must have ordinary |
| |
|
3650 |
identifiers as names. |
| |
|
3651 |
|
| |
|
3652 |
|
| |
|
3653 |
Can't ignore signal CHLD , forcing to |
| |
|
3654 |
default |
| |
|
3655 |
|
| |
|
3656 |
|
| |
|
3657 |
(W signal) Perl has detected that it is being run with the |
| |
|
3658 |
SIGCHLD signal (sometimes known as |
| |
|
3659 |
SIGCLD ) disabled. Since disabling this |
| |
|
3660 |
signal will interfere with proper determination of exit |
| |
|
3661 |
status of child processes, Perl has reset the signal to its |
| |
|
3662 |
default value. This situation typically indicates that the |
| |
|
3663 |
parent program under which Perl may be running (e.g., cron) |
| |
|
3664 |
is being very careless. |
| |
|
3665 |
|
| |
|
3666 |
|
| |
|
3667 |
Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call |
| |
|
3668 |
|
| |
|
3669 |
|
| |
|
3670 |
(F) Subroutines meant to be used in lvalue context should be |
| |
|
3671 |
declared as such, see ``Lvalue subroutines'' in |
| |
|
3672 |
perlsub. |
| |
|
3673 |
|
| |
|
3674 |
|
| |
|
3675 |
Can't read CRTL environ |
| |
|
3676 |
|
| |
|
3677 |
|
| |
|
3678 |
(S) A warning peculiar to VMS . Perl tried to |
| |
|
3679 |
read an element of %ENV from the |
| |
|
3680 |
CRTL 's internal environment array and |
| |
|
3681 |
discovered the array was missing. You need to figure out |
| |
|
3682 |
where your CRTL misplaced its environ or |
| |
|
3683 |
define ''PERL_ENV_TABLES'' (see perlvms) |
| |
|
3684 |
so that environ is not searched. |
| |
|
3685 |
|
| |
|
3686 |
|
| |
|
3687 |
Can't remove %s: %s, skipping file |
| |
|
3688 |
|
| |
|
3689 |
|
| |
|
3690 |
(S) You requested an inplace edit without creating a backup |
| |
|
3691 |
file. Perl was unable to remove the original file to replace |
| |
|
3692 |
it with the modified file. The file was left |
| |
|
3693 |
unmodified. |
| |
|
3694 |
|
| |
|
3695 |
|
| |
|
3696 |
Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine |
| |
|
3697 |
|
| |
|
3698 |
|
| |
|
3699 |
(F) Perl detected an attempt to return illegal lvalues (such |
| |
|
3700 |
as temporary or readonly values) from a subroutine used as |
| |
|
3701 |
an lvalue. This is not allowed. |
| |
|
3702 |
|
| |
|
3703 |
|
| |
|
3704 |
Can't weaken a nonreference |
| |
|
3705 |
|
| |
|
3706 |
|
| |
|
3707 |
(F) You attempted to weaken something that was not a |
| |
|
3708 |
reference. Only references can be weakened. |
| |
|
3709 |
|
| |
|
3710 |
|
| |
|
3711 |
Character class [[:%s:] unknown |
| |
|
3712 |
|
| |
|
3713 |
|
| |
|
3714 |
(F) The class in the character class [[: :] syntax is |
| |
|
3715 |
unknown. See perlre. |
| |
|
3716 |
|
| |
|
3717 |
|
| |
|
3718 |
Character class syntax [[%s] belongs inside character |
| |
|
3719 |
classes |
| |
|
3720 |
|
| |
|
3721 |
|
| |
|
3722 |
(W unsafe) The character class constructs [[: :], [[= =], and |
| |
|
3723 |
[[. .] go ''inside'' character classes, the [[] are part of |
| |
|
3724 |
the construct, for example: /[[012[[:alpha:]345]/. Note that |
| |
|
3725 |
[[= =] and [[. .] are not currently implemented; they are |
| |
|
3726 |
simply placeholders for future extensions. |
| |
|
3727 |
|
| |
|
3728 |
|
| |
|
3729 |
Constant is not %s reference |
| |
|
3730 |
|
| |
|
3731 |
|
| |
|
3732 |
(F) A constant value (perhaps declared using the use |
| |
|
3733 |
constant pragma) is being dereferenced, but it amounts |
| |
|
3734 |
to the wrong type of reference. The message indicates the |
| |
|
3735 |
type of reference that was expected. This usually indicates |
| |
|
3736 |
a syntax error in dereferencing the constant value. See |
| |
|
3737 |
``Constant Functions'' in perlsub and constant. |
| |
|
3738 |
|
| |
|
3739 |
|
| |
|
3740 |
constant(%s): %s |
| |
|
3741 |
|
| |
|
3742 |
|
| |
|
3743 |
(F) The parser found inconsistencies either while attempting |
| |
|
3744 |
to define an overloaded constant, or when trying to find the |
| |
|
3745 |
character name specified in the N{...} escape. |
| |
|
3746 |
Perhaps you forgot to load the corresponding |
| |
|
3747 |
overload or charnames pragma? See |
| |
|
3748 |
charnames and overload. |
| |
|
3749 |
|
| |
|
3750 |
|
| |
|
3751 |
CORE::%s is not a keyword |
| |
|
3752 |
|
| |
|
3753 |
|
| |
|
3754 |
(F) The CORE:: namespace is reserved for Perl |
| |
|
3755 |
keywords. |
| |
|
3756 |
|
| |
|
3757 |
|
| |
|
3758 |
defined(@array) is deprecated |
| |
|
3759 |
|
| |
|
3760 |
|
| |
|
3761 |
(D) ''defined()'' is not usually useful on arrays because |
| |
|
3762 |
it checks for an undefined ''scalar'' value. If you want |
| |
|
3763 |
to see if the array is empty, just use if (@array) { # |
| |
|
3764 |
not empty } for example. |
| |
|
3765 |
|
| |
|
3766 |
|
| |
|
3767 |
defined(%hash) is deprecated |
| |
|
3768 |
|
| |
|
3769 |
|
| |
|
3770 |
(D) ''defined()'' is not usually useful on hashes because |
| |
|
3771 |
it checks for an undefined ''scalar'' value. If you want |
| |
|
3772 |
to see if the hash is empty, just use if (%hash) { # not |
| |
|
3773 |
empty } for example. |
| |
|
3774 |
|
| |
|
3775 |
|
| |
|
3776 |
Did not produce a valid header |
| |
|
3777 |
|
| |
|
3778 |
|
| |
|
3779 |
See Server error. |
| |
|
3780 |
|
| |
|
3781 |
|
| |
|
3782 |
(Did you mean ``local'' instead of ``our''?) |
| |
|
3783 |
|
| |
|
3784 |
|
| |
|
3785 |
(W misc) Remember that ``our'' does not localize the |
| |
|
3786 |
declared global variable. You have declared it again in the |
| |
|
3787 |
same lexical scope, which seems superfluous. |
| |
|
3788 |
|
| |
|
3789 |
|
| |
|
3790 |
Document contains no data |
| |
|
3791 |
|
| |
|
3792 |
|
| |
|
3793 |
See Server error. |
| |
|
3794 |
|
| |
|
3795 |
|
| |
|
3796 |
entering effective %s failed |
| |
|
3797 |
|
| |
|
3798 |
|
| |
|
3799 |
(F) While under the use filetest pragma, switching |
| |
|
3800 |
the real and effective uids or gids failed. |
| |
|
3801 |
|
| |
|
3802 |
|
| |
|
3803 |
false [[] range ``%s'' in regexp |
| |
|
3804 |
|
| |
|
3805 |
|
| |
|
3806 |
(W regexp) A character class range must start and end at a |
| |
|
3807 |
literal character, not another character class like |
| |
|
3808 |
d or [[:alpha:]. The ``-'' in your false |
| |
|
3809 |
range is interpreted as a literal ``-''. Consider quoting |
| |
|
3810 |
the ``-'', ``-''. See perlre. |
| |
|
3811 |
|
| |
|
3812 |
|
| |
|
3813 |
Filehandle %s opened only for output |
| |
|
3814 |
|
| |
|
3815 |
|
| |
|
3816 |
(W io) You tried to read from a filehandle opened only for |
| |
|
3817 |
writing. If you intended it to be a read/write filehandle, |
| |
|
3818 |
you needed to open it with ``+ |
| |
|
3819 |
|
| |
|
3820 |
|
| |
|
3821 |
''flock()'' on closed filehandle %s |
| |
|
3822 |
|
| |
|
3823 |
|
| |
|
3824 |
(W closed) The filehandle you're attempting to |
| |
|
3825 |
''flock()'' got itself closed some time before now. Check |
| |
|
3826 |
your logic flow. ''flock()'' operates on filehandles. Are |
| |
|
3827 |
you attempting to call ''flock()'' on a dirhandle by the |
| |
|
3828 |
same name? |
| |
|
3829 |
|
| |
|
3830 |
|
| |
|
3831 |
Global symbol ``%s'' requires explicit package |
| |
|
3832 |
name |
| |
|
3833 |
|
| |
|
3834 |
|
| |
|
3835 |
(F) You've said ``use strict vars'', which indicates that |
| |
|
3836 |
all variables must either be lexically scoped (using |
| |
|
3837 |
``my''), declared beforehand using ``our'', or explicitly |
| |
|
3838 |
qualified to say which package the global variable is in |
| |
|
3839 |
(using ``::''). |
| |
|
3840 |
|
| |
|
3841 |
|
| |
|
3842 |
Hexadecimal number |
| |
|
3843 |
|
| |
|
3844 |
|
| |
|
3845 |
(W portable) The hexadecimal number you specified is larger |
| |
|
3846 |
than 2**32-1 (4294967295) and therefore non-portable between |
| |
|
3847 |
systems. See perlport for more on portability |
| |
|
3848 |
concerns. |
| |
|
3849 |
|
| |
|
3850 |
|
| |
|
3851 |
Ill-formed CRTL environ value |
| |
|
3852 |
``%s'' |
| |
|
3853 |
|
| |
|
3854 |
|
| |
|
3855 |
(W internal) A warning peculiar to VMS . Perl |
| |
|
3856 |
tried to read the CRTL 's internal environ |
| |
|
3857 |
array, and encountered an element without the = |
| |
|
3858 |
delimiter used to separate keys from values. The element is |
| |
|
3859 |
ignored. |
| |
|
3860 |
|
| |
|
3861 |
|
| |
|
3862 |
Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter: %s |
| |
|
3863 |
|
| |
|
3864 |
|
| |
|
3865 |
(W internal) A warning peculiar to VMS . Perl |
| |
|
3866 |
tried to read a logical name or CLI symbol |
| |
|
3867 |
definition when preparing to iterate over %ENV, and |
| |
|
3868 |
didn't see the expected delimiter between key and value, so |
| |
|
3869 |
the line was ignored. |
| |
|
3870 |
|
| |
|
3871 |
|
| |
|
3872 |
Illegal binary digit %s |
| |
|
3873 |
|
| |
|
3874 |
|
| |
|
3875 |
(F) You used a digit other than 0 or 1 in a binary |
| |
|
3876 |
number. |
| |
|
3877 |
|
| |
|
3878 |
|
| |
|
3879 |
Illegal binary digit %s ignored |
| |
|
3880 |
|
| |
|
3881 |
|
| |
|
3882 |
(W digit) You may have tried to use a digit other than 0 or |
| |
|
3883 |
1 in a binary number. Interpretation of the binary number |
| |
|
3884 |
stopped before the offending digit. |
| |
|
3885 |
|
| |
|
3886 |
|
| |
|
3887 |
Illegal number of bits in vec |
| |
|
3888 |
|
| |
|
3889 |
|
| |
|
3890 |
(F) The number of bits in ''vec()'' (the third argument) |
| |
|
3891 |
must be a power of two from 1 to 32 (or 64, if your platform |
| |
|
3892 |
supports that). |
| |
|
3893 |
|
| |
|
3894 |
|
| |
|
3895 |
Integer overflow in %s number |
| |
|
3896 |
|
| |
|
3897 |
|
| |
|
3898 |
(W overflow) The hexadecimal, octal or binary number you |
| |
|
3899 |
have specified either as a literal or as an argument to |
| |
|
3900 |
''hex()'' or ''oct()'' is too big for your |
| |
|
3901 |
architecture, and has been converted to a floating point |
| |
|
3902 |
number. On a 32-bit architecture the largest hexadecimal, |
| |
|
3903 |
octal or binary number representable without overflow is |
| |
|
3904 |
0xFFFFFFFF, 037777777777, or |
| |
|
3905 |
0b11111111111111111111111111111111 respectively. Note that |
| |
|
3906 |
Perl transparently promotes all numbers to a floating point |
| |
|
3907 |
representation internally--subject to loss of precision |
| |
|
3908 |
errors in subsequent operations. |
| |
|
3909 |
|
| |
|
3910 |
|
| |
|
3911 |
Invalid %s attribute: %s |
| |
|
3912 |
|
| |
|
3913 |
|
| |
|
3914 |
The indicated attribute for a subroutine or variable was not |
| |
|
3915 |
recognized by Perl or by a user-supplied handler. See |
| |
|
3916 |
attributes. |
| |
|
3917 |
|
| |
|
3918 |
|
| |
|
3919 |
Invalid %s attributes: %s |
| |
|
3920 |
|
| |
|
3921 |
|
| |
|
3922 |
The indicated attributes for a subroutine or variable were |
| |
|
3923 |
not recognized by Perl or by a user-supplied handler. See |
| |
|
3924 |
attributes. |
| |
|
3925 |
|
| |
|
3926 |
|
| |
|
3927 |
invalid [[] range ``%s'' in regexp |
| |
|
3928 |
|
| |
|
3929 |
|
| |
|
3930 |
The offending range is now explicitly |
| |
|
3931 |
displayed. |
| |
|
3932 |
|
| |
|
3933 |
|
| |
|
3934 |
Invalid separator character %s in attribute |
| |
|
3935 |
list |
| |
|
3936 |
|
| |
|
3937 |
|
| |
|
3938 |
(F) Something other than a colon or whitespace was seen |
| |
|
3939 |
between the elements of an attribute list. If the previous |
| |
|
3940 |
attribute had a parenthesised parameter list, perhaps that |
| |
|
3941 |
list was terminated too soon. See attributes. |
| |
|
3942 |
|
| |
|
3943 |
|
| |
|
3944 |
Invalid separator character %s in subroutine |
| |
|
3945 |
attribute list |
| |
|
3946 |
|
| |
|
3947 |
|
| |
|
3948 |
(F) Something other than a colon or whitespace was seen |
| |
|
3949 |
between the elements of a subroutine attribute list. If the |
| |
|
3950 |
previous attribute had a parenthesised parameter list, |
| |
|
3951 |
perhaps that list was terminated too soon. |
| |
|
3952 |
|
| |
|
3953 |
|
| |
|
3954 |
leaving effective %s failed |
| |
|
3955 |
|
| |
|
3956 |
|
| |
|
3957 |
(F) While under the use filetest pragma, switching |
| |
|
3958 |
the real and effective uids or gids failed. |
| |
|
3959 |
|
| |
|
3960 |
|
| |
|
3961 |
Lvalue subs returning %s not implemented |
| |
|
3962 |
yet |
| |
|
3963 |
|
| |
|
3964 |
|
| |
|
3965 |
(F) Due to limitations in the current implementation, array |
| |
|
3966 |
and hash values cannot be returned in subroutines used in |
| |
|
3967 |
lvalue context. See ``Lvalue subroutines'' in |
| |
|
3968 |
perlsub. |
| |
|
3969 |
|
| |
|
3970 |
|
| |
|
3971 |
Method %s not permitted |
| |
|
3972 |
|
| |
|
3973 |
|
| |
|
3974 |
See Server error. |
| |
|
3975 |
|
| |
|
3976 |
|
| |
|
3977 |
Missing %sbrace%s on N{} |
| |
|
3978 |
|
| |
|
3979 |
|
| |
|
3980 |
(F) Wrong syntax of character name literal |
| |
|
3981 |
N{charname} within double-quotish |
| |
|
3982 |
context. |
| |
|
3983 |
|
| |
|
3984 |
|
| |
|
3985 |
Missing command in piped open |
| |
|
3986 |
|
| |
|
3987 |
|
| |
|
3988 |
(W pipe) You used the open(FH, |
| |
|
3989 |
or open(FH, |
| |
|
3990 |
construction, but the command was missing or |
| |
|
3991 |
blank. |
| |
|
3992 |
|
| |
|
3993 |
|
| |
|
3994 |
Missing name in ``my sub'' |
| |
|
3995 |
|
| |
|
3996 |
|
| |
|
3997 |
(F) The reserved syntax for lexically scoped subroutines |
| |
|
3998 |
requires that they have a name with which they can be |
| |
|
3999 |
found. |
| |
|
4000 |
|
| |
|
4001 |
|
| |
|
4002 |
No %s specified for -%c |
| |
|
4003 |
|
| |
|
4004 |
|
| |
|
4005 |
(F) The indicated command line switch needs a mandatory |
| |
|
4006 |
argument, but you haven't specified one. |
| |
|
4007 |
|
| |
|
4008 |
|
| |
|
4009 |
No package name allowed for variable %s in |
| |
|
4010 |
``our'' |
| |
|
4011 |
|
| |
|
4012 |
|
| |
|
4013 |
(F) Fully qualified variable names are not allowed in |
| |
|
4014 |
``our'' declarations, because that doesn't make much sense |
| |
|
4015 |
under existing semantics. Such syntax is reserved for future |
| |
|
4016 |
extensions. |
| |
|
4017 |
|
| |
|
4018 |
|
| |
|
4019 |
No space allowed after -%c |
| |
|
4020 |
|
| |
|
4021 |
|
| |
|
4022 |
(F) The argument to the indicated command line switch must |
| |
|
4023 |
follow immediately after the switch, without intervening |
| |
|
4024 |
spaces. |
| |
|
4025 |
|
| |
|
4026 |
|
| |
|
4027 |
no UTC offset information; assuming local |
| |
|
4028 |
time is UTC |
| |
|
4029 |
|
| |
|
4030 |
|
| |
|
4031 |
(S) A warning peculiar to VMS . Perl was |
| |
|
4032 |
unable to find the local timezone offset, so it's assuming |
| |
|
4033 |
that local system time is equivalent to UTC . |
| |
|
4034 |
If it's not, define the logical name |
| |
|
4035 |
''SYS$TIMEZONE_DIFFERENTIAL'' to translate |
| |
|
4036 |
to the number of seconds which need to be added to |
| |
|
4037 |
UTC to get local time. |
| |
|
4038 |
|
| |
|
4039 |
|
| |
|
4040 |
Octal number |
| |
|
4041 |
|
| |
|
4042 |
|
| |
|
4043 |
(W portable) The octal number you specified is larger than |
| |
|
4044 |
2**32-1 (4294967295) and therefore non-portable between |
| |
|
4045 |
systems. See perlport for more on portability |
| |
|
4046 |
concerns. |
| |
|
4047 |
|
| |
|
4048 |
|
| |
|
4049 |
See also perlport for writing portable code. |
| |
|
4050 |
|
| |
|
4051 |
|
| |
|
4052 |
panic: del_backref |
| |
|
4053 |
|
| |
|
4054 |
|
| |
|
4055 |
(P) Failed an internal consistency check while trying to |
| |
|
4056 |
reset a weak reference. |
| |
|
4057 |
|
| |
|
4058 |
|
| |
|
4059 |
panic: kid popen errno read |
| |
|
4060 |
|
| |
|
4061 |
|
| |
|
4062 |
(F) forked child returned an incomprehensible message about |
| |
|
4063 |
its errno. |
| |
|
4064 |
|
| |
|
4065 |
|
| |
|
4066 |
panic: magic_killbackrefs |
| |
|
4067 |
|
| |
|
4068 |
|
| |
|
4069 |
(P) Failed an internal consistency check while trying to |
| |
|
4070 |
reset all weak references to an object. |
| |
|
4071 |
|
| |
|
4072 |
|
| |
|
4073 |
Parentheses missing around ``%s'' list |
| |
|
4074 |
|
| |
|
4075 |
|
| |
|
4076 |
(W parenthesis) You said something like |
| |
|
4077 |
|
| |
|
4078 |
|
| |
|
4079 |
my $foo, $bar = @_; |
| |
|
4080 |
when you meant |
| |
|
4081 |
|
| |
|
4082 |
|
| |
|
4083 |
my ($foo, $bar) = @_; |
| |
|
4084 |
Remember that ``my'', ``our'', and ``local'' bind tighter than comma. |
| |
|
4085 |
|
| |
|
4086 |
|
| |
|
4087 |
Possible unintended interpolation of %s in |
| |
|
4088 |
string |
| |
|
4089 |
|
| |
|
4090 |
|
| |
|
4091 |
(W ambiguous) It used to be that Perl would try to guess |
| |
|
4092 |
whether you wanted an array interpolated or a literal @. It |
| |
|
4093 |
no longer does this; arrays are now ''always'' |
| |
|
4094 |
interpolated into strings. This means that if you try |
| |
|
4095 |
something like: |
| |
|
4096 |
|
| |
|
4097 |
|
| |
|
4098 |
print |
| |
|
4099 |
and the array @example doesn't exist, Perl is going to print fred.com, which is probably not what you wanted. To get a literal @ sign in a string, put a backslash before it, just as you would to get a literal $ sign. |
| |
|
4100 |
|
| |
|
4101 |
|
| |
|
4102 |
Possible Y2K bug: %s |
| |
|
4103 |
|
| |
|
4104 |
|
| |
|
4105 |
(W y2k) You are concatenating the number 19 with another |
| |
|
4106 |
number, which could be a potential Year 2000 |
| |
|
4107 |
problem. |
| |
|
4108 |
|
| |
|
4109 |
|
| |
|
4110 |
pragma ``attrs'' is deprecated, use ``sub |
| |
|
4111 |
NAME : ATTRS '' |
| |
|
4112 |
instead |
| |
|
4113 |
|
| |
|
4114 |
|
| |
|
4115 |
(W deprecated) You have written something like |
| |
|
4116 |
this: |
| |
|
4117 |
|
| |
|
4118 |
|
| |
|
4119 |
sub doit |
| |
|
4120 |
{ |
| |
|
4121 |
use attrs qw(locked); |
| |
|
4122 |
} |
| |
|
4123 |
You should use the new declaration syntax instead. |
| |
|
4124 |
|
| |
|
4125 |
|
| |
|
4126 |
sub doit : locked |
| |
|
4127 |
{ |
| |
|
4128 |
... |
| |
|
4129 |
The use attrs pragma is now obsolete, and is only provided for backward-compatibility. See ``Subroutine Attributes'' in perlsub. |
| |
|
4130 |
|
| |
|
4131 |
|
| |
|
4132 |
Premature end of script headers |
| |
|
4133 |
|
| |
|
4134 |
|
| |
|
4135 |
See Server error. |
| |
|
4136 |
|
| |
|
4137 |
|
| |
|
4138 |
Repeat count in pack overflows |
| |
|
4139 |
|
| |
|
4140 |
|
| |
|
4141 |
(F) You can't specify a repeat count so large that it |
| |
|
4142 |
overflows your signed integers. See ``pack'' in |
| |
|
4143 |
perlfunc. |
| |
|
4144 |
|
| |
|
4145 |
|
| |
|
4146 |
Repeat count in unpack overflows |
| |
|
4147 |
|
| |
|
4148 |
|
| |
|
4149 |
(F) You can't specify a repeat count so large that it |
| |
|
4150 |
overflows your signed integers. See ``unpack'' in |
| |
|
4151 |
perlfunc. |
| |
|
4152 |
|
| |
|
4153 |
|
| |
|
4154 |
''realloc()'' of freed memory ignored |
| |
|
4155 |
|
| |
|
4156 |
|
| |
|
4157 |
(S) An internal routine called ''realloc()'' on something |
| |
|
4158 |
that had already been freed. |
| |
|
4159 |
|
| |
|
4160 |
|
| |
|
4161 |
Reference is already weak |
| |
|
4162 |
|
| |
|
4163 |
|
| |
|
4164 |
(W misc) You have attempted to weaken a reference that is |
| |
|
4165 |
already weak. Doing so has no effect. |
| |
|
4166 |
|
| |
|
4167 |
|
| |
|
4168 |
setpgrp can't take arguments |
| |
|
4169 |
|
| |
|
4170 |
|
| |
|
4171 |
(F) Your system has the ''setpgrp()'' from |
| |
|
4172 |
BSD 4.2, which takes no arguments, unlike |
| |
|
4173 |
POSIX ''setpgid()'', which takes a process |
| |
|
4174 |
ID and process group ID |
| |
|
4175 |
. |
| |
|
4176 |
|
| |
|
4177 |
|
| |
|
4178 |
Strange *+?{} on zero-length expression |
| |
|
4179 |
|
| |
|
4180 |
|
| |
|
4181 |
(W regexp) You applied a regular expression quantifier in a |
| |
|
4182 |
place where it makes no sense, such as on a zero-width |
| |
|
4183 |
assertion. Try putting the quantifier inside the assertion |
| |
|
4184 |
instead. For example, the way to match ``abc'' provided that |
| |
|
4185 |
it is followed by three repetitions of ``xyz'' is |
| |
|
4186 |
/abc(?=(?:xyz){3})/, not |
| |
|
4187 |
/abc(?=xyz){3}/. |
| |
|
4188 |
|
| |
|
4189 |
|
| |
|
4190 |
switching effective %s is not |
| |
|
4191 |
implemented |
| |
|
4192 |
|
| |
|
4193 |
|
| |
|
4194 |
(F) While under the use filetest pragma, we cannot |
| |
|
4195 |
switch the real and effective uids or gids. |
| |
|
4196 |
|
| |
|
4197 |
|
| |
|
4198 |
This Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements |
| |
|
4199 |
(%s) |
| |
|
4200 |
|
| |
|
4201 |
|
| |
|
4202 |
This Perl can't set CRTL environ elements |
| |
|
4203 |
(%s=%s) |
| |
|
4204 |
|
| |
|
4205 |
|
| |
|
4206 |
(W internal) Warnings peculiar to VMS . You |
| |
|
4207 |
tried to change or delete an element of the |
| |
|
4208 |
CRTL 's internal environ array, but your copy |
| |
|
4209 |
of Perl wasn't built with a CRTL that |
| |
|
4210 |
contained the ''setenv()'' function. You'll need to |
| |
|
4211 |
rebuild Perl with a CRTL that does, or |
| |
|
4212 |
redefine ''PERL_ENV_TABLES'' (see perlvms) |
| |
|
4213 |
so that the environ array isn't the target of the change to |
| |
|
4214 |
%ENV which produced the warning. |
| |
|
4215 |
|
| |
|
4216 |
|
| |
|
4217 |
Too late to run %s block |
| |
|
4218 |
|
| |
|
4219 |
|
| |
|
4220 |
(W void) A CHECK or INIT block |
| |
|
4221 |
is being defined during run time proper, when the |
| |
|
4222 |
opportunity to run them has already passed. Perhaps you are |
| |
|
4223 |
loading a file with require or do when you |
| |
|
4224 |
should be using use instead. Or perhaps you should |
| |
|
4225 |
put the require or do inside a |
| |
|
4226 |
BEGIN block. |
| |
|
4227 |
|
| |
|
4228 |
|
| |
|
4229 |
Unknown ''open()'' mode '%s' |
| |
|
4230 |
|
| |
|
4231 |
|
| |
|
4232 |
(F) The second argument of 3-argument ''open()'' is not |
| |
|
4233 |
among the list of valid modes: , , |
| |
|
4234 |
, +, +, |
| |
|
4235 |
+, -, -. |
| |
|
4236 |
|
| |
|
4237 |
|
| |
|
4238 |
Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: |
| |
|
4239 |
%s |
| |
|
4240 |
|
| |
|
4241 |
|
| |
|
4242 |
(P) An error peculiar to VMS . Perl was |
| |
|
4243 |
reading values for %ENV before iterating over it, |
| |
|
4244 |
and someone else stuck a message in the stream of data Perl |
| |
|
4245 |
expected. Someone's very confused, or perhaps trying to |
| |
|
4246 |
subvert Perl's population of %ENV for nefarious |
| |
|
4247 |
purposes. |
| |
|
4248 |
|
| |
|
4249 |
|
| |
|
4250 |
Unrecognized escape \%c passed through |
| |
|
4251 |
|
| |
|
4252 |
|
| |
|
4253 |
(W misc) You used a backslash-character combination which is |
| |
|
4254 |
not recognized by Perl. The character was understood |
| |
|
4255 |
literally. |
| |
|
4256 |
|
| |
|
4257 |
|
| |
|
4258 |
Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute |
| |
|
4259 |
list |
| |
|
4260 |
|
| |
|
4261 |
|
| |
|
4262 |
(F) The lexer saw an opening (left) parenthesis character |
| |
|
4263 |
while parsing an attribute list, but the matching closing |
| |
|
4264 |
(right) parenthesis character was not found. You may need to |
| |
|
4265 |
add (or remove) a backslash character to get your |
| |
|
4266 |
parentheses to balance. See attributes. |
| |
|
4267 |
|
| |
|
4268 |
|
| |
|
4269 |
Unterminated attribute list |
| |
|
4270 |
|
| |
|
4271 |
|
| |
|
4272 |
(F) The lexer found something other than a simple identifier |
| |
|
4273 |
at the start of an attribute, and it wasn't a semicolon or |
| |
|
4274 |
the start of a block. Perhaps you terminated the parameter |
| |
|
4275 |
list of the previous attribute too soon. See |
| |
|
4276 |
attributes. |
| |
|
4277 |
|
| |
|
4278 |
|
| |
|
4279 |
Unterminated attribute parameter in subroutine attribute |
| |
|
4280 |
list |
| |
|
4281 |
|
| |
|
4282 |
|
| |
|
4283 |
(F) The lexer saw an opening (left) parenthesis character |
| |
|
4284 |
while parsing a subroutine attribute list, but the matching |
| |
|
4285 |
closing (right) parenthesis character was not found. You may |
| |
|
4286 |
need to add (or remove) a backslash character to get your |
| |
|
4287 |
parentheses to balance. |
| |
|
4288 |
|
| |
|
4289 |
|
| |
|
4290 |
Unterminated subroutine attribute list |
| |
|
4291 |
|
| |
|
4292 |
|
| |
|
4293 |
(F) The lexer found something other than a simple identifier |
| |
|
4294 |
at the start of a subroutine attribute, and it wasn't a |
| |
|
4295 |
semicolon or the start of a block. Perhaps you terminated |
| |
|
4296 |
the parameter list of the previous attribute too |
| |
|
4297 |
soon. |
| |
|
4298 |
|
| |
|
4299 |
|
| |
|
4300 |
Value of CLI symbol ``%s'' too |
| |
|
4301 |
long |
| |
|
4302 |
|
| |
|
4303 |
|
| |
|
4304 |
(W misc) A warning peculiar to VMS . Perl |
| |
|
4305 |
tried to read the value of an %ENV element from a |
| |
|
4306 |
CLI symbol table, and found a resultant |
| |
|
4307 |
string longer than 1024 characters. The return value has |
| |
|
4308 |
been truncated to 1024 characters. |
| |
|
4309 |
|
| |
|
4310 |
|
| |
|
4311 |
Version number must be a constant number |
| |
|
4312 |
|
| |
|
4313 |
|
| |
|
4314 |
(P) The attempt to translate a use Module n.n LIST |
| |
|
4315 |
statement into its equivalent BEGIN block found an |
| |
|
4316 |
internal inconsistency with the version number. |
| |
|
4317 |
!!New tests |
| |
|
4318 |
|
| |
|
4319 |
|
| |
|
4320 |
lib/attrs |
| |
|
4321 |
|
| |
|
4322 |
|
| |
|
4323 |
Compatibility tests for sub : attrs vs the older |
| |
|
4324 |
use attrs. |
| |
|
4325 |
|
| |
|
4326 |
|
| |
|
4327 |
lib/env |
| |
|
4328 |
|
| |
|
4329 |
|
| |
|
4330 |
Tests for new environment scalar capability (e.g., use |
| |
|
4331 |
Env qw($BAR);). |
| |
|
4332 |
|
| |
|
4333 |
|
| |
|
4334 |
lib/env-array |
| |
|
4335 |
|
| |
|
4336 |
|
| |
|
4337 |
Tests for new environment array capability (e.g., use |
| |
|
4338 |
Env qw(@PATH);). |
| |
|
4339 |
|
| |
|
4340 |
|
| |
|
4341 |
lib/io_const |
| |
|
4342 |
|
| |
|
4343 |
|
| |
|
4344 |
IO constants (SEEK_*, _IO*). |
| |
|
4345 |
|
| |
|
4346 |
|
| |
|
4347 |
lib/io_dir |
| |
|
4348 |
|
| |
|
4349 |
|
| |
|
4350 |
Directory-related IO methods (new, read, |
| |
|
4351 |
close, rewind, tied delete). |
| |
|
4352 |
|
| |
|
4353 |
|
| |
|
4354 |
lib/io_multihomed |
| |
|
4355 |
|
| |
|
4356 |
|
| |
|
4357 |
INET sockets with multi-homed |
| |
|
4358 |
hosts. |
| |
|
4359 |
|
| |
|
4360 |
|
| |
|
4361 |
lib/io_poll |
| |
|
4362 |
|
| |
|
4363 |
|
| |
|
4364 |
IO ''poll()''. |
| |
|
4365 |
|
| |
|
4366 |
|
| |
|
4367 |
lib/io_unix |
| |
|
4368 |
|
| |
|
4369 |
|
| |
|
4370 |
UNIX sockets. |
| |
|
4371 |
|
| |
|
4372 |
|
| |
|
4373 |
op/attrs |
| |
|
4374 |
|
| |
|
4375 |
|
| |
|
4376 |
Regression tests for my ($x,@y,%z) : attrs and |
| |
|
4377 |
|
| |
|
4378 |
|
| |
|
4379 |
op/filetest |
| |
|
4380 |
|
| |
|
4381 |
|
| |
|
4382 |
File test operators. |
| |
|
4383 |
|
| |
|
4384 |
|
| |
|
4385 |
op/lex_assign |
| |
|
4386 |
|
| |
|
4387 |
|
| |
|
4388 |
Verify operations that access pad objects (lexicals and |
| |
|
4389 |
temporaries). |
| |
|
4390 |
|
| |
|
4391 |
|
| |
|
4392 |
op/exists_sub |
| |
|
4393 |
|
| |
|
4394 |
|
| |
|
4395 |
Verify exists operations. |
| |
|
4396 |
!!Incompatible Changes |
| |
|
4397 |
|
| |
|
4398 |
|
| |
|
4399 |
__Perl Source Incompatibilities__ |
| |
|
4400 |
|
| |
|
4401 |
|
| |
|
4402 |
Beware that any new warnings that have been added or old |
| |
|
4403 |
ones that have been enhanced are __not__ considered |
| |
|
4404 |
incompatible changes. |
| |
|
4405 |
|
| |
|
4406 |
|
| |
|
4407 |
Since all new warnings must be explicitly requested via the |
| |
|
4408 |
-w switch or the warnings pragma, it is |
| |
|
4409 |
ultimately the programmer's responsibility to ensure that |
| |
|
4410 |
warnings are enabled judiciously. |
| |
|
4411 |
|
| |
|
4412 |
|
| |
|
4413 |
CHECK is a new keyword |
| |
|
4414 |
|
| |
|
4415 |
|
| |
|
4416 |
All subroutine definitions named CHECK are |
| |
|
4417 |
now special. See / |
| |
|
4418 |
for more information. |
| |
|
4419 |
|
| |
|
4420 |
|
| |
|
4421 |
Treatment of list slices of undef has changed |
| |
|
4422 |
|
| |
|
4423 |
|
| |
|
4424 |
There is a potential incompatibility in the behavior of list |
| |
|
4425 |
slices that are comprised entirely of undefined values. See |
| |
|
4426 |
``Behavior of list slices is more consistent''. |
| |
|
4427 |
|
| |
|
4428 |
|
| |
|
4429 |
Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is |
| |
|
4430 |
different |
| |
|
4431 |
|
| |
|
4432 |
|
| |
|
4433 |
The English module now sets $PERL_VERSION to $^V (a |
| |
|
4434 |
string value) rather than $] (a numeric value). |
| |
|
4435 |
This is a potential incompatibility. Send us a report via |
| |
|
4436 |
perlbug if you are affected by this. |
| |
|
4437 |
|
| |
|
4438 |
|
| |
|
4439 |
See ``Improved Perl version numbering system'' for the |
| |
|
4440 |
reasons for this change. |
| |
|
4441 |
|
| |
|
4442 |
|
| |
|
4443 |
Literals of the form 1.2.3 parse |
| |
|
4444 |
differently |
| |
|
4445 |
|
| |
|
4446 |
|
| |
|
4447 |
Previously, numeric literals with more than one dot in them |
| |
|
4448 |
were interpreted as a floating point number concatenated |
| |
|
4449 |
with one or more numbers. Such ``numbers'' are now parsed as |
| |
|
4450 |
strings composed of the specified ordinals. |
| |
|
4451 |
|
| |
|
4452 |
|
| |
|
4453 |
For example, print 97.98.99 used to output |
| |
|
4454 |
97.9899 in earlier versions, but now prints |
| |
|
4455 |
abc. |
| |
|
4456 |
|
| |
|
4457 |
|
| |
|
4458 |
See ``Support for strings represented as a vector of |
| |
|
4459 |
ordinals''. |
| |
|
4460 |
|
| |
|
4461 |
|
| |
|
4462 |
Possibly changed pseudo-random number generator |
| |
|
4463 |
|
| |
|
4464 |
|
| |
|
4465 |
Perl programs that depend on reproducing a specific set of |
| |
|
4466 |
pseudo-random numbers may now produce different output due |
| |
|
4467 |
to improvements made to the ''rand()'' builtin. You can |
| |
|
4468 |
use sh Configure -Drandfunc=rand to obtain the old |
| |
|
4469 |
behavior. |
| |
|
4470 |
|
| |
|
4471 |
|
| |
|
4472 |
See ``Better pseudo-random number generator''. |
| |
|
4473 |
|
| |
|
4474 |
|
| |
|
4475 |
Hashing function for hash keys has changed |
| |
|
4476 |
|
| |
|
4477 |
|
| |
|
4478 |
Even though Perl hashes are not order preserving, the |
| |
|
4479 |
apparently random order encountered when iterating on the |
| |
|
4480 |
contents of a hash is actually determined by the hashing |
| |
|
4481 |
algorithm used. Improvements in the algorithm may yield a |
| |
|
4482 |
random order that is __different__ from that of previous |
| |
|
4483 |
versions, especially when iterating on hashes. |
| |
|
4484 |
|
| |
|
4485 |
|
| |
|
4486 |
See ``Better worst-case behavior of hashes'' for additional |
| |
|
4487 |
information. |
| |
|
4488 |
|
| |
|
4489 |
|
| |
|
4490 |
undef fails on read only values |
| |
|
4491 |
|
| |
|
4492 |
|
| |
|
4493 |
Using the undef operator on a readonly value (such |
| |
|
4494 |
as $1) has the same effect as assigning |
| |
|
4495 |
undef to the readonly value--it throws an |
| |
|
4496 |
exception. |
| |
|
4497 |
|
| |
|
4498 |
|
| |
|
4499 |
Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket |
| |
|
4500 |
handles |
| |
|
4501 |
|
| |
|
4502 |
|
| |
|
4503 |
Pipe and socket handles are also now subject to the |
| |
|
4504 |
close-on-exec behavior determined by the special variable |
| |
|
4505 |
$^F. |
| |
|
4506 |
|
| |
|
4507 |
|
| |
|
4508 |
See ``More consistent close-on-exec behavior''. |
| |
|
4509 |
|
| |
|
4510 |
|
| |
|
4511 |
Writing ``$$1'' to mean ``${$}1'' is |
| |
|
4512 |
unsupported |
| |
|
4513 |
|
| |
|
4514 |
|
| |
|
4515 |
Perl 5.004 deprecated the interpretation of $$1 and |
| |
|
4516 |
similar within interpolated strings to mean $$ . |
| |
|
4517 |
, but still allowed it. |
| |
|
4518 |
|
| |
|
4519 |
|
| |
|
4520 |
In Perl 5.6.0 and later, always |
| |
|
4521 |
means . |
| |
|
4522 |
|
| |
|
4523 |
|
| |
|
4524 |
''delete()'', ''each()'', ''values()'' and |
| |
|
4525 |
|
| |
|
4526 |
|
| |
|
4527 |
operate on aliases to values, not copies |
| |
|
4528 |
|
| |
|
4529 |
|
| |
|
4530 |
''delete()'', ''each()'', ''values()'' and hashes |
| |
|
4531 |
(e.g. ) in a list context return the actual values |
| |
|
4532 |
in the hash, instead of copies (as they used to in earlier |
| |
|
4533 |
versions). Typical idioms for using these constructs copy |
| |
|
4534 |
the returned values, but this can make a significant |
| |
|
4535 |
difference when creating references to the returned values. |
| |
|
4536 |
Keys in the hash are still returned as copies when iterating |
| |
|
4537 |
on a hash. |
| |
|
4538 |
|
| |
|
4539 |
|
| |
|
4540 |
See also ``''delete()'', ''each()'', ''values()'' |
| |
|
4541 |
and hash iteration are faster''. |
| |
|
4542 |
|
| |
|
4543 |
|
| |
|
4544 |
vec( EXPR ,OFFSET,BITS) enforces |
| |
|
4545 |
powers-of-two BITS |
| |
|
4546 |
|
| |
|
4547 |
|
| |
|
4548 |
''vec()'' generates a run-time error if the |
| |
|
4549 |
BITS argument is not a valid power-of-two |
| |
|
4550 |
integer. |
| |
|
4551 |
|
| |
|
4552 |
|
| |
|
4553 |
Text of some diagnostic output has changed |
| |
|
4554 |
|
| |
|
4555 |
|
| |
|
4556 |
Most references to internal Perl operations in diagnostics |
| |
|
4557 |
have been changed to be more descriptive. This may be an |
| |
|
4558 |
issue for programs that may incorrectly rely on the exact |
| |
|
4559 |
text of diagnostics for proper functioning. |
| |
|
4560 |
|
| |
|
4561 |
|
| |
|
4562 |
%@ has been removed |
| |
|
4563 |
|
| |
|
4564 |
|
| |
|
4565 |
The undocumented special variable %@ that used to |
| |
|
4566 |
accumulate ``background'' errors (such as those that happen |
| |
|
4567 |
in ''DESTROY ()'') has been removed, |
| |
|
4568 |
because it could potentially result in memory |
| |
|
4569 |
leaks. |
| |
|
4570 |
|
| |
|
4571 |
|
| |
|
4572 |
Parenthesized ''not()'' behaves like a list |
| |
|
4573 |
operator |
| |
|
4574 |
|
| |
|
4575 |
|
| |
|
4576 |
The not operator now falls under the ``if it looks |
| |
|
4577 |
like a function, it behaves like a function'' |
| |
|
4578 |
rule. |
| |
|
4579 |
|
| |
|
4580 |
|
| |
|
4581 |
As a result, the parenthesized form can be used with |
| |
|
4582 |
grep and map. The following construct used |
| |
|
4583 |
to be a syntax error before, but it works as expected |
| |
|
4584 |
now: |
| |
|
4585 |
|
| |
|
4586 |
|
| |
|
4587 |
grep not($_), @things; |
| |
|
4588 |
On the other hand, using not with a literal list slice may not work. The following previously allowed construct: |
| |
|
4589 |
|
| |
|
4590 |
|
| |
|
4591 |
print not (1,2,3)[[0]; |
| |
|
4592 |
needs to be written with additional parentheses now: |
| |
|
4593 |
|
| |
|
4594 |
|
| |
|
4595 |
print not((1,2,3)[[0]); |
| |
|
4596 |
The behavior remains unaffected when not is not followed by parentheses. |
| |
|
4597 |
|
| |
|
4598 |
|
| |
|
4599 |
Semantics of bareword prototype (*) have |
| |
|
4600 |
changed |
| |
|
4601 |
|
| |
|
4602 |
|
| |
|
4603 |
The semantics of the bareword prototype * have |
| |
|
4604 |
changed. Perl 5.005 always coerced simple scalar arguments |
| |
|
4605 |
to a typeglob, which wasn't useful in situations where the |
| |
|
4606 |
subroutine must distinguish between a simple scalar and a |
| |
|
4607 |
typeglob. The new behavior is to not coerce bareword |
| |
|
4608 |
arguments to a typeglob. The value will always be visible as |
| |
|
4609 |
either a simple scalar or as a reference to a |
| |
|
4610 |
typeglob. |
| |
|
4611 |
|
| |
|
4612 |
|
| |
|
4613 |
See ``More functional bareword prototype (*)''. |
| |
|
4614 |
|
| |
|
4615 |
|
| |
|
4616 |
Semantics of bit operators may have changed on 64-bit |
| |
|
4617 |
platforms |
| |
|
4618 |
|
| |
|
4619 |
|
| |
|
4620 |
If your platform is either natively 64-bit or if Perl has |
| |
|
4621 |
been configured to used 64-bit integers, i.e., |
| |
|
4622 |
$Config{ivsize} is 8, there may be a potential |
| |
|
4623 |
incompatibility in the behavior of bitwise numeric operators |
| |
|
4624 |
( |
| |
|
4625 |
~ |
| |
|
4626 |
will produce different results on platforms that have |
| |
|
4627 |
different $Config{ivsize}. For portability, be sure |
| |
|
4628 |
to mask off the excess bits in the result of unary |
| |
|
4629 |
~, e.g., ~$x |
| |
|
4630 |
. |
| |
|
4631 |
|
| |
|
4632 |
|
| |
|
4633 |
See ``Bit operators support full native integer |
| |
|
4634 |
width''. |
| |
|
4635 |
|
| |
|
4636 |
|
| |
|
4637 |
More builtins taint their results |
| |
|
4638 |
|
| |
|
4639 |
|
| |
|
4640 |
As described in ``Improved security features'', there may be |
| |
|
4641 |
more sources of taint in a Perl program. |
| |
|
4642 |
|
| |
|
4643 |
|
| |
|
4644 |
To avoid these new tainting behaviors, you can build Perl |
| |
|
4645 |
with the Configure option |
| |
|
4646 |
-Accflags=-DINCOMPLETE_TAINTS. Beware that the |
| |
|
4647 |
ensuing perl binary may be insecure. |
| |
|
4648 |
|
| |
|
4649 |
|
| |
|
4650 |
__C Source Incompatibilities__ |
| |
|
4651 |
|
| |
|
4652 |
|
| |
|
4653 |
PERL_POLLUTE |
| |
|
4654 |
|
| |
|
4655 |
|
| |
|
4656 |
Release 5.005 grandfathered old global symbol names by |
| |
|
4657 |
providing preprocessor macros for extension source |
| |
|
4658 |
compatibility. As of release 5.6.0, these preprocessor |
| |
|
4659 |
definitions are not available by default. You need to |
| |
|
4660 |
explicitly compile perl with -DPERL_POLLUTE to get |
| |
|
4661 |
these definitions. For extensions still using the old |
| |
|
4662 |
symbols, this option can be specified via |
| 2 |
perry |
4663 |
!MakeMaker: |
| 1 |
perry |
4664 |
|
| |
|
4665 |
|
| |
|
4666 |
perl Makefile.PL POLLUTE=1 |
| |
|
4667 |
|
| |
|
4668 |
|
| |
|
4669 |
PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT |
| |
|
4670 |
|
| |
|
4671 |
|
| |
|
4672 |
This new build option provides a set of macros for all |
| |
|
4673 |
API functions such that an implicit |
| |
|
4674 |
interpreter/thread context argument is passed to every |
| |
|
4675 |
API function. As a result of this, something |
| |
|
4676 |
like sv_setsv(foo,bar) amounts to a macro |
| |
|
4677 |
invocation that actually translates to something like |
| |
|
4678 |
Perl_sv_setsv(my_perl,foo,bar). While this is |
| |
|
4679 |
generally expected to not have any significant source |
| |
|
4680 |
compatibility issues, the difference between a macro and a |
| |
|
4681 |
real function call will need to be considered. |
| |
|
4682 |
|
| |
|
4683 |
|
| |
|
4684 |
This means that there __is__ a source compatibility issue |
| |
|
4685 |
as a result of this if your extensions attempt to use |
| |
|
4686 |
pointers to any of the Perl API |
| |
|
4687 |
functions. |
| |
|
4688 |
|
| |
|
4689 |
|
| |
|
4690 |
Note that the above issue is not relevant to the default |
| |
|
4691 |
build of Perl, whose interfaces continue to match those of |
| |
|
4692 |
prior versions (but subject to the other options described |
| |
|
4693 |
here). |
| |
|
4694 |
|
| |
|
4695 |
|
| |
|
4696 |
See ``The Perl API '' in perlguts for |
| |
|
4697 |
detailed information on the ramifications of building Perl |
| |
|
4698 |
with this option. |
| |
|
4699 |
|
| |
|
4700 |
|
| |
|
4701 |
NOTE: PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT is automatically enabled whenever Perl is built |
| |
|
4702 |
with one of -Dusethreads, -Dusemultiplicity, or both. It is not |
| |
|
4703 |
intended to be enabled by users at this time. |
| |
|
4704 |
|
| |
|
4705 |
|
| |
|
4706 |
PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC |
| |
|
4707 |
|
| |
|
4708 |
|
| |
|
4709 |
Enabling Perl's malloc in release 5.005 and earlier caused |
| |
|
4710 |
the namespace of the system's malloc family of functions to |
| |
|
4711 |
be usurped by the Perl versions, since by default they used |
| |
|
4712 |
the same names. Besides causing problems on platforms that |
| |
|
4713 |
do not allow these functions to be cleanly replaced, this |
| |
|
4714 |
also meant that the system versions could not be called in |
| |
|
4715 |
programs that used Perl's malloc. Previous versions of Perl |
| |
|
4716 |
have allowed this behaviour to be suppressed with the |
| |
|
4717 |
HIDEMYMALLOC and EMBEDMYMALLOC |
| |
|
4718 |
preprocessor definitions. |
| |
|
4719 |
|
| |
|
4720 |
|
| |
|
4721 |
As of release 5.6.0, Perl's malloc family of functions have |
| |
|
4722 |
default names distinct from the system versions. You need to |
| |
|
4723 |
explicitly compile perl with -DPERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC |
| |
|
4724 |
to get the older behaviour. HIDEMYMALLOC and |
| |
|
4725 |
EMBEDMYMALLOC have no effect, since the |
| |
|
4726 |
behaviour they enabled is now the default. |
| |
|
4727 |
|
| |
|
4728 |
|
| |
|
4729 |
Note that these functions do __not__ constitute Perl's |
| |
|
4730 |
memory allocation API . See ``Memory |
| |
|
4731 |
Allocation'' in perlguts for further information about |
| |
|
4732 |
that. |
| |
|
4733 |
|
| |
|
4734 |
|
| |
|
4735 |
__Compatible C Source API |
| |
|
4736 |
Changes__ |
| |
|
4737 |
|
| |
|
4738 |
|
| |
|
4739 |
PATCHLEVEL is now |
| |
|
4740 |
PERL_VERSION |
| |
|
4741 |
|
| |
|
4742 |
|
| |
|
4743 |
The cpp macros PERL_REVISION, |
| |
|
4744 |
PERL_VERSION, and PERL_SUBVERSION are now |
| |
|
4745 |
available by default from perl.h, and reflect the base |
| |
|
4746 |
revision, patchlevel, and subversion respectively. |
| |
|
4747 |
PERL_REVISION had no prior equivalent, while |
| |
|
4748 |
PERL_VERSION and PERL_SUBVERSION were |
| |
|
4749 |
previously available as PATCHLEVEL and |
| |
|
4750 |
SUBVERSION. |
| |
|
4751 |
|
| |
|
4752 |
|
| |
|
4753 |
The new names cause less pollution of the __cpp__ |
| |
|
4754 |
namespace and reflect what the numbers have come to stand |
| |
|
4755 |
for in common practice. For compatibility, the old names are |
| |
|
4756 |
still supported when ''patchlevel.h'' is explicitly |
| |
|
4757 |
included (as required before), so there is no source |
| |
|
4758 |
incompatibility from the change. |
| |
|
4759 |
|
| |
|
4760 |
|
| |
|
4761 |
__Binary Incompatibilities__ |
| |
|
4762 |
|
| |
|
4763 |
|
| |
|
4764 |
In general, the default build of this release is expected to |
| |
|
4765 |
be binary compatible for extensions built with the 5.005 |
| |
|
4766 |
release or its maintenance versions. However, specific |
| |
|
4767 |
platforms may have broken binary compatibility due to |
| |
|
4768 |
changes in the defaults used in hints files. Therefore, |
| |
|
4769 |
please be sure to always check the platform-specific |
| |
|
4770 |
README files for any notes to the |
| |
|
4771 |
contrary. |
| |
|
4772 |
|
| |
|
4773 |
|
| |
|
4774 |
The usethreads or usemultiplicity builds are __not__ |
| |
|
4775 |
binary compatible with the corresponding builds in |
| |
|
4776 |
5.005. |
| |
|
4777 |
|
| |
|
4778 |
|
| |
|
4779 |
On platforms that require an explicit list of exports ( |
| |
|
4780 |
AIX , OS/2 and Windows, among |
| |
|
4781 |
others), purely internal symbols such as parser functions |
| |
|
4782 |
and the run time opcodes are not exported by default. Perl |
| |
|
4783 |
5.005 used to export all functions irrespective of whether |
| |
|
4784 |
they were considered part of the public API |
| |
|
4785 |
or not. |
| |
|
4786 |
|
| |
|
4787 |
|
| |
|
4788 |
For the full list of public API functions, |
| |
|
4789 |
see perlapi. |
| |
|
4790 |
!!Known Problems |
| |
|
4791 |
|
| |
|
4792 |
|
| |
|
4793 |
__Localizing a tied hash element may leak |
| |
|
4794 |
memory__ |
| |
|
4795 |
|
| |
|
4796 |
|
| |
|
4797 |
As of the 5.6.1 release, there is a known leak when code |
| |
|
4798 |
such as this is executed: |
| |
|
4799 |
|
| |
|
4800 |
|
| |
|
4801 |
use Tie::Hash; |
| |
|
4802 |
tie my %tie_hash = |
| |
|
4803 |
... |
| |
|
4804 |
local($tie_hash{Foo}) = 1; # leaks |
| |
|
4805 |
|
| |
|
4806 |
|
| |
|
4807 |
__Known test failures__ |
| |
|
4808 |
|
| |
|
4809 |
|
| |
|
4810 |
64-bit builds |
| |
|
4811 |
|
| |
|
4812 |
|
| |
|
4813 |
Subtest #15 of lib/b.t may fail under 64-bit builds on |
| |
|
4814 |
platforms such as HP-UX PA64 and Linux |
| |
|
4815 |
IA64 . The issue is still being |
| |
|
4816 |
investigated. |
| |
|
4817 |
|
| |
|
4818 |
|
| |
|
4819 |
The lib/io_multihomed test may hang in HP-UX if Perl has |
| |
|
4820 |
been configured to be 64-bit. Because other 64-bit platforms |
| |
|
4821 |
do not hang in this test, HP-UX is suspect. All other tests |
| |
|
4822 |
pass in 64-bit HP-UX . The test attempts to |
| |
|
4823 |
create and connect to ``multihomed'' sockets (sockets which |
| |
|
4824 |
have multiple IP addresses). |
| |
|
4825 |
|
| |
|
4826 |
|
| |
|
4827 |
Note that 64-bit support is still experimental. |
| |
|
4828 |
|
| |
|
4829 |
|
| |
|
4830 |
Failure of Thread tests |
| |
|
4831 |
|
| |
|
4832 |
|
| |
|
4833 |
The subtests 19 and 20 of lib/thr5005.t test are known to |
| |
|
4834 |
fail due to fundamental problems in the 5.005 threading |
| |
|
4835 |
implementation. These are not new failures--Perl 5.005_0x |
| |
|
4836 |
has the same bugs, but didn't have these tests. (Note that |
| |
|
4837 |
support for 5.005-style threading remains |
| |
|
4838 |
experimental.) |
| |
|
4839 |
|
| |
|
4840 |
|
| |
|
4841 |
NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test |
| |
|
4842 |
failure |
| |
|
4843 |
|
| |
|
4844 |
|
| |
|
4845 |
In NEXTSTEP 3.3p2 the implementation of the |
| |
|
4846 |
strftime(3) in the operating system libraries is |
| |
|
4847 |
buggy: the %j format numbers the days of a month |
| |
|
4848 |
starting from zero, which, while being logical to |
| |
|
4849 |
programmers, will cause the subtests 19 to 27 of the |
| |
|
4850 |
lib/posix test may fail. |
| |
|
4851 |
|
| |
|
4852 |
|
| |
|
4853 |
Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX , aka DEC |
| |
|
4854 |
OSF/1 ) lib/sdbm test failure with gcc |
| |
|
4855 |
|
| |
|
4856 |
|
| |
|
4857 |
If compiled with gcc 2.95 the lib/sdbm test will fail (dump |
| |
|
4858 |
core). The cure is to use the vendor cc, it comes with the |
| |
|
4859 |
operating system and produces good code. |
| |
|
4860 |
|
| |
|
4861 |
|
| |
|
4862 |
__EBCDIC platforms not fully |
| |
|
4863 |
supported__ |
| |
|
4864 |
|
| |
|
4865 |
|
| |
|
4866 |
In earlier releases of Perl, EBCDIC |
| |
|
4867 |
environments like OS390 (also known as Open |
| |
|
4868 |
Edition MVS ) and VM-ESA were supported. Due |
| |
|
4869 |
to changes required by the UTF-8 (Unicode) |
| |
|
4870 |
support, the EBCDIC platforms are not |
| |
|
4871 |
supported in Perl 5.6.0. |
| |
|
4872 |
|
| |
|
4873 |
|
| |
|
4874 |
The 5.6.1 release improves support for EBCDIC |
| |
|
4875 |
platforms, but they are not fully supported |
| |
|
4876 |
yet. |
| |
|
4877 |
|
| |
|
4878 |
|
| |
|
4879 |
__UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure |
| |
|
4880 |
run__ |
| |
|
4881 |
|
| |
|
4882 |
|
| |
|
4883 |
In UNICOS/mk the following errors may appear during the |
| |
|
4884 |
Configure run: |
| |
|
4885 |
|
| |
|
4886 |
|
| |
|
4887 |
Guessing which symbols your C compiler and preprocessor define... |
| |
|
4888 |
CC-20 cc: ERROR File = try.c, Line = 3 |
| |
|
4889 |
... |
| |
|
4890 |
bad switch yylook 79bad switch yylook 79bad switch yylook 79bad switch yylook 79#ifdef A29K |
| |
|
4891 |
... |
| |
|
4892 |
4 errors detected in the compilation of |
| |
|
4893 |
The culprit is the broken awk of UNICOS/mk. The effect is fortunately rather mild: Perl itself is not adversely affected by the error, only the h2ph utility coming with Perl, and that is rather rarely needed these days. |
| |
|
4894 |
|
| |
|
4895 |
|
| |
|
4896 |
__Arrow operator and arrays__ |
| |
|
4897 |
|
| |
|
4898 |
|
| |
|
4899 |
When the left argument to the arrow operator - |
| |
|
4900 |
is an array, or the scalar operator operating on an |
| |
|
4901 |
array, the result of the operation must be considered |
| |
|
4902 |
erroneous. For example: |
| |
|
4903 |
|
| |
|
4904 |
|
| |
|
4905 |
@x- |
| |
|
4906 |
These expressions will get run-time errors in some future release of Perl. |
| |
|
4907 |
|
| |
|
4908 |
|
| |
|
4909 |
__Experimental features__ |
| |
|
4910 |
|
| |
|
4911 |
|
| |
|
4912 |
As discussed above, many features are still experimental. |
| |
|
4913 |
Interfaces and implementation of these features are subject |
| |
|
4914 |
to change, and in extreme cases, even subject to removal in |
| |
|
4915 |
some future release of Perl. These features include the |
| |
|
4916 |
following: |
| |
|
4917 |
|
| |
|
4918 |
|
| |
|
4919 |
Threads |
| |
|
4920 |
|
| |
|
4921 |
|
| |
|
4922 |
Unicode |
| |
|
4923 |
|
| |
|
4924 |
|
| |
|
4925 |
64-bit support |
| |
|
4926 |
|
| |
|
4927 |
|
| |
|
4928 |
Lvalue subroutines |
| |
|
4929 |
|
| |
|
4930 |
|
| |
|
4931 |
Weak references |
| |
|
4932 |
|
| |
|
4933 |
|
| |
|
4934 |
The pseudo-hash data type |
| |
|
4935 |
|
| |
|
4936 |
|
| |
|
4937 |
The Compiler suite |
| |
|
4938 |
|
| |
|
4939 |
|
| |
|
4940 |
Internal implementation of file globbing |
| |
|
4941 |
|
| |
|
4942 |
|
| |
|
4943 |
The DB module |
| |
|
4944 |
|
| |
|
4945 |
|
| |
|
4946 |
The regular expression code constructs: |
| |
|
4947 |
|
| |
|
4948 |
|
| |
|
4949 |
(?{ code }) and (??{ code }) |
| |
|
4950 |
!!Obsolete Diagnostics |
| |
|
4951 |
|
| |
|
4952 |
|
| |
|
4953 |
Character class syntax [[: :] is reserved for future |
| |
|
4954 |
extensions |
| |
|
4955 |
|
| |
|
4956 |
|
| |
|
4957 |
(W) Within regular expression character classes ([[]) the |
| |
|
4958 |
syntax beginning with ``[[:'' and ending with ``:]'' is |
| |
|
4959 |
reserved for future extensions. If you need to represent |
| |
|
4960 |
those character sequences inside a regular expression |
| |
|
4961 |
character class, just quote the square brackets with the |
| |
|
4962 |
backslash: ``[[:'' and ``:]''. |
| |
|
4963 |
|
| |
|
4964 |
|
| |
|
4965 |
Ill-formed logical name %s in prime_env_iter |
| |
|
4966 |
|
| |
|
4967 |
|
| |
|
4968 |
(W) A warning peculiar to VMS . A logical |
| |
|
4969 |
name was encountered when preparing to iterate over |
| |
|
4970 |
%ENV which violates the syntactic rules governing |
| |
|
4971 |
logical names. Because it cannot be translated normally, it |
| |
|
4972 |
is skipped, and will not appear in %ENV. This may |
| |
|
4973 |
be a benign occurrence, as some software packages might |
| |
|
4974 |
directly modify logical name tables and introduce |
| |
|
4975 |
nonstandard names, or it may indicate that a logical name |
| |
|
4976 |
table has been corrupted. |
| |
|
4977 |
|
| |
|
4978 |
|
| |
|
4979 |
In string, @%s now must be written as @%s |
| |
|
4980 |
|
| |
|
4981 |
|
| |
|
4982 |
The description of this error used to say: |
| |
|
4983 |
|
| |
|
4984 |
|
| |
|
4985 |
(Someday it will simply assume that an unbackslashed @ |
| |
|
4986 |
interpolates an array.) |
| |
|
4987 |
That day has come, and this fatal error has been removed. It has been replaced by a non-fatal warning instead. See ``Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings'' for details. |
| |
|
4988 |
|
| |
|
4989 |
|
| |
|
4990 |
Probable precedence problem on %s |
| |
|
4991 |
|
| |
|
4992 |
|
| |
|
4993 |
(W) The compiler found a bareword where it expected a |
| |
|
4994 |
conditional, which often indicates that an or |
| |
|
4995 |
|
| |
|
4996 |
|
| |
|
4997 |
open FOO die; |
| |
|
4998 |
|
| |
|
4999 |
|
| |
|
5000 |
regexp too big |
| |
|
5001 |
|
| |
|
5002 |
|
| |
|
5003 |
(F) The current implementation of regular expressions uses |
| |
|
5004 |
shorts as address offsets within a string. Unfortunately |
| |
|
5005 |
this means that if the regular expression compiles to longer |
| |
|
5006 |
than 32767, it'll blow up. Usually when you want a regular |
| |
|
5007 |
expression this big, there is a better way to do it with |
| |
|
5008 |
multiple statements. See perlre. |
| |
|
5009 |
|
| |
|
5010 |
|
| |
|
5011 |
Use of ``$$ |
| |
|
5012 |
|
| |
|
5013 |
|
| |
|
5014 |
(D) Perl versions before 5.004 misinterpreted any type |
| |
|
5015 |
marker followed by ``$'' and a digit. For example, ``$$0'' |
| |
|
5016 |
was incorrectly taken to mean ``${$}0'' instead of |
| |
|
5017 |
``${$0}''. This bug is (mostly) fixed in Perl |
| |
|
5018 |
5.004. |
| |
|
5019 |
|
| |
|
5020 |
|
| |
|
5021 |
However, the developers of Perl 5.004 could not fix this bug |
| |
|
5022 |
completely, because at least two widely-used modules depend |
| |
|
5023 |
on the old meaning of ``$$0'' in a string. So Perl 5.004 |
| |
|
5024 |
still interprets ``$$ |
| |
|
5025 |
!!Reporting Bugs |
| |
|
5026 |
|
| |
|
5027 |
|
| |
|
5028 |
If you find what you think is a bug, you might check the |
| |
|
5029 |
articles recently posted to the comp.lang.perl.misc |
| |
|
5030 |
newsgroup. There may also be information at |
| |
|
5031 |
http://www.perl.com/, the Perl Home Page. |
| |
|
5032 |
|
| |
|
5033 |
|
| |
|
5034 |
If you believe you have an unreported bug, please run the |
| |
|
5035 |
__perlbug__ program included with your release. Be sure |
| |
|
5036 |
to trim your bug down to a tiny but sufficient test case. |
| |
|
5037 |
Your bug report, along with the output of perl -V, |
| |
|
5038 |
will be sent off to perlbug@perl.org to be analysed by the |
| |
|
5039 |
Perl porting team. |
| |
|
5040 |
!!SEE ALSO |
| |
|
5041 |
|
| |
|
5042 |
|
| |
|
5043 |
The ''Changes'' file for exhaustive details on what |
| |
|
5044 |
changed. |
| |
|
5045 |
|
| |
|
5046 |
|
| |
|
5047 |
The ''INSTALL'' file for how to build |
| |
|
5048 |
Perl. |
| |
|
5049 |
|
| |
|
5050 |
|
| |
|
5051 |
The ''README'' file for general |
| |
|
5052 |
stuff. |
| |
|
5053 |
|
| |
|
5054 |
|
| |
|
5055 |
The ''Artistic'' and ''Copying'' files for copyright |
| |
|
5056 |
information. |
| |
|
5057 |
!!HISTORY |
| |
|
5058 |
|
| |
|
5059 |
|
| |
|
5060 |
Written by Gurusamy Sarathy |
| 2 |
perry |
5061 |
gsar@!ActiveState.com'' |
| 1 |
perry |
5062 |
'' |
| |
|
5063 |
|
| |
|
5064 |
|
| |
|
5065 |
Send omissions or corrections to |
| |
|
5066 |
perlbug@perl.org'''' |
| |
|
5067 |
---- |
