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1 perry 1 NM
2 !!!NM
3 NAME
4 SYNOPSIS
5 DESCRIPTION
6 OPTIONS
7 SEE ALSO
8 COPYRIGHT
9 ----
10 !!NAME
11
12
13 nm - list symbols from object files
14 !!SYNOPSIS
15
16
17 nm [[__-a--debug-syms__] [[__-g--extern-only__]
18 [[__-B__] [[__-C--demangle__[[=''style'']]
19 [[__-D--dynamic__] [[__-s--print-armap__]
20 [[__-A-o--print-file-name__] [[__-n-v--numeric-sort__]
21 [[__-p--no-sort__] [[__-r--reverse-sort__]
22 [[__--size-sort__] [[__-u--undefined-only__] [[__-t__
23 ''radix''__--radix=__''radix'']
24 [[__-P--portability__] [[__--target=__''bfdname'']
25 [[__-f__''format''__--format=__''format'']
26 [[__--defined-only__] [[__-l--line-numbers__]
27 [[__--no-demangle__] [[__-V--version__] [[__-X
28 32_64__] [[__--help__] [[''objfile''...]
29 !!DESCRIPTION
30
31
32 GNU __nm__ lists the symbols from object
33 files ''objfile''.... If no object files are listed as
34 arguments, __nm__ assumes the file
35 ''a.out''.
36
37
38 For each symbol, __nm__ shows:
39
40
41 The symbol value, in the radix selected by options (see
42 below), or hexadecimal by default.
43
44
45 The symbol type. At least the following types are used;
46 others are, as well, depending on the object file format. If
47 lowercase, the symbol is local; if uppercase, the symbol is
48 global (external).
49
50
51 A
52
53
54 The symbol's value is absolute, and will not be changed by
55 further linking.
56
57
58 B
59
60
61 The symbol is in the uninitialized data section (known as
62 BSS ).
63
64
65 C
66
67
68 The symbol is common. Common symbols are uninitialized data.
69 When linking, multiple common symbols may appear with the
70 same name. If the symbol is defined anywhere, the common
71 symbols are treated as undefined references.
72
73
74 D
75
76
77 The symbol is in the initialized data section.
78
79
80 G
81
82
83 The symbol is in an initialized data section for small
84 objects. Some object file formats permit more efficient
85 access to small data objects, such as a global int variable
86 as opposed to a large global array.
87
88
89 I
90
91
92 The symbol is an indirect reference to another symbol. This
93 is a GNU extension to the a.out object file
94 format which is rarely used.
95
96
97 N
98
99
100 The symbol is a debugging symbol.
101
102
103 R
104
105
106 The symbol is in a read only data section.
107
108
109 S
110
111
112 The symbol is in an uninitialized data section for small
113 objects.
114
115
116 T
117
118
119 The symbol is in the text (code) section.
120
121
122 U
123
124
125 The symbol is undefined.
126
127
128 V
129
130
131 The symbol is a weak object. When a weak defined symbol is
132 linked with a normal defined symbol, the normal defined
133 symbol is used with no error. When a weak undefined symbol
134 is linked and the symbol is not defined, the value of the
135 weak symbol becomes zero with no error.
136
137
138 W
139
140
141 The symbol is a weak symbol that has not been specifically
142 tagged as a weak object symbol. When a weak defined symbol
143 is linked with a normal defined symbol, the normal defined
144 symbol is used with no error. When a weak undefined symbol
145 is linked and the symbol is not defined, the value of the
146 weak symbol becomes zero with no error.
147
148
149 -
150
151
152 The symbol is a stabs symbol in an a.out object file. In
153 this case, the next values printed are the stabs other
154 field, the stabs desc field, and the stab type. Stabs
155 symbols are used to hold debugging information.
156
157
158 ?
159
160
161 The symbol type is unknown, or object file format
162 specific.
163
164
165 The symbol name.
166 !!OPTIONS
167
168
169 The long and short forms of options, shown here as
170 alternatives, are equivalent.
171
172
173 __-A__
174
175
176 __-o__
177
178
179 __--print-file-name__
180
181
182 Precede each symbol by the name of the input file (or
183 archive member) in which it was found, rather than
184 identifying the input file once only, before all of its
185 symbols.
186
187
188 __-a__
189
190
191 __--debug-syms__
192
193
194 Display all symbols, even debugger-only symbols; normally
195 these are not listed.
196
197
198 __-B__
199
200
201 The same as __--format=bsd__ (for compatibility with the
202 MIPS __nm__).
203
204
205 __-C__
206
207
208 __--demangle[[=__''style''__]__
209
210
211 Decode (''demangle'') low-level symbol names into
212 user-level names. Besides removing any initial underscore
213 prepended by the system, this makes C ++
214 function names readable. Different compilers have different
215 mangling styles. The optional demangling style argument can
216 be used to choose an appropriate demangling style for your
217 compiler.
218
219
220 __--no-demangle__
221
222
223 Do not demangle low-level symbol names. This is the
224 default.
225
226
227 __-D__
228
229
230 __--dynamic__
231
232
233 Display the dynamic symbols rather than the normal symbols.
234 This is only meaningful for dynamic objects, such as certain
235 types of shared libraries.
236
237
238 __-f__ ''format''
239
240
241 __--format=__''format''
242
243
244 Use the output format ''format'', which can be
245 bsd, sysv, or posix. The default
246 is bsd. Only the first character of ''format''
247 is significant; it can be either upper or lower
248 case.
249
250
251 __-g__
252
253
254 __--extern-only__
255
256
257 Display only external symbols.
258
259
260 __-l__
261
262
263 __--line-numbers__
264
265
266 For each symbol, use debugging information to try to find a
267 filename and line number. For a defined symbol, look for the
268 line number of the address of the symbol. For an undefined
269 symbol, look for the line number of a relocation entry which
270 refers to the symbol. If line number information can be
271 found, print it after the other symbol
272 information.
273
274
275 __-n__
276
277
278 __-v__
279
280
281 __--numeric-sort__
282
283
284 Sort symbols numerically by their addresses, rather than
285 alphabetically by their names.
286
287
288 __-p__
289
290
291 __--no-sort__
292
293
294 Do not bother to sort the symbols in any order; print them
295 in the order encountered.
296
297
298 __-P__
299
300
301 __--portability__
302
303
304 Use the POSIX .2 standard output format
305 instead of the default format. Equivalent to __-f
306 posix__.
307
308
309 __-s__
310
311
312 __--print-armap__
313
314
315 When listing symbols from archive members, include the
316 index: a mapping (stored in the archive by __ar__ or
317 __ranlib__) of which modules contain definitions for
318 which names.
319
320
321 __-r__
322
323
324 __--reverse-sort__
325
326
327 Reverse the order of the sort (whether numeric or
328 alphabetic); let the last come first.
329
330
331 __--size-sort__
332
333
334 Sort symbols by size. The size is computed as the difference
335 between the value of the symbol and the value of the symbol
336 with the next higher value. The size of the symbol is
337 printed, rather than the value.
338
339
340 __-t__ ''radix''
341
342
343 __--radix=__''radix''
344
345
346 Use ''radix'' as the radix for printing the symbol
347 values. It must be __d__ for decimal, __o__ for octal,
348 or __x__ for hexadecimal.
349
350
351 __--target=__''bfdname''
352
353
354 Specify an object code format other than your system's
355 default format.
356
357
358 __-u__
359
360
361 __--undefined-only__
362
363
364 Display only undefined symbols (those external to each
365 object file).
366
367
368 __--defined-only__
369
370
371 Display only defined symbols for each object
372 file.
373
374
375 __-V__
376
377
378 __--version__
379
380
381 Show the version number of __nm__ and exit.
382
383
384 __-X__
385
386
387 This option is ignored for compatibility with the
388 AIX version of __nm__. It takes one
389 parameter which must be the string __32_64__. The default
390 mode of AIX __nm__ corresponds to __-X
391 32__, which is not supported by GNU
392 __nm__.
393
394
395 __--help__
396
397
398 Show a summary of the options to __nm__ and
399 exit.
400 !!SEE ALSO
401
402
403 ar(1), objdump(1), ranlib(1), and the
404 Info entries for ''binutils''.
405 !!COPYRIGHT
406
407
408 Copyright (c) 1991, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 2000,
409 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
410
411
412 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
413 document under the terms of the GNU Free
414 Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later version
415 published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
416 Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover
417 Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section
418 entitled `` GNU Free Documentation
419 License''.
420 ----
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