version 2, including all changes.
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netpbm |
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!!!netpbm |
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NAME |
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DESCRIPTION |
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The Netpbm Formats |
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Implied Format Conversion |
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The Netpbm Programs |
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Common Options |
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The Netpbm Libraries |
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HISTORY |
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AUTHOR |
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---- |
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!!NAME |
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netpbm - package of graphics manipulation programs and libraries |
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!!DESCRIPTION |
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__Netpbm__ is a package of graphics programs and |
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programming libraries. |
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There are over 220 separate programs in the package, most of |
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which have |
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pnmscale__ and __giftopnm__. |
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For example, you might use __pnmscale__ to shrink an |
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image by 10%. Or use __pnmcomp__ to overlay one image on |
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top of another. Or use __pbmtext__ to create an image of |
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text. Or reduce the number of colors in an image with |
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__ppmquant__. |
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!!The Netpbm Formats |
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All of the programs work with a set of graphics formats |
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called the |
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pbm__(5), pgm(5), ppm(5), and |
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pam(5). The first three of these are sometimes known |
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generically as __pnm__. Many of the Netpbm programs |
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convert from a Netpbm format to another format or vice |
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versa. This is so you can use the Netpbm programs to work on |
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graphics of any format. It is also common to use a |
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combination of Netpbm programs to convert from one |
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non-Netpbm format to another non-Netpbm format. Netpbm has |
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converters for over 80 graphics formats, and as a package |
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Netpbm lets you do more graphics format conversions than any |
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other computer graphics facility. |
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The Netpbm formats are all raster formats, i.e. they |
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describe an image as a matrix of rows and columns of pixels. |
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In the PBM format, the pixels are black and white. In the |
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PGM format, pixels are shades of gray. In the PPM format, |
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the pixels are in full color. The PAM format is more |
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sophisticated. A replacement for all three of the other |
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formats, it can represent matrices of general data including |
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but not limited to black and white, grayscale, and color |
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images. |
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Programs designed to work with PBM images have |
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All Netpbm programs designed to read PGM images see PBM |
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images as if they were PGM too. All Netpbm programs designed |
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to read PPM images see PGM and PBM images as if they were |
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PPM. See the section |
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Programs that have |
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pnmtogif__ creates a black and |
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white GIF output image if its input is PBM or PGM, but a |
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color GIF output image if its input is PPM. And |
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__pnmscale__ produces an output image of the same format |
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as the input. A __ppmscale__ program would read all three |
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PNM input formats, but would see them all as PPM and would |
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always generate PPM output. |
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If it seems wasteful to you to have three separate PNM |
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formats, be aware that there is a historical reason for it. |
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In the beginning, there were only PBMs. PGMs came later, and |
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then PPMs. Much later came PAM, which realizes the |
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possibility of having just one aggregate |
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format. |
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The formats are described in the man pages pbm(5), |
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pgm(5), ppm(5), and |
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pam(5), |
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!!Implied Format Conversion |
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A program that uses the PGM library to read an image can |
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read a PBM image as well as a PGM image. The program sees |
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the PBM image as if it were the equivalent PGM image, with a |
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maxval of 255. |
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A program that uses the PPM library to read an image can |
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read a PGM image as well as a PPM image and a PBM image as |
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well as a PGM image. The program sees the PBM or PGM image |
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as if it were the equivalent PPM image, with a maxval of 255 |
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in the PBM case and the same maxval as the PGM in the PGM |
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case. |
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!!The Netpbm Programs |
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The Netpbm programs are generally useful run by a person |
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from a command shell, but are also designed to be used by |
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programs. A common characteristic of Netpbm programs is that |
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they are simple, fundamental building blocks. They are most |
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powerful when stacked in pipelines. Netpbm programs do not |
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use graphical user interfaces (in fact, none of them display |
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graphics at all) and do not seek input from a |
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user. |
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Each of these programs has its own man page. |
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!!Common Options |
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There are a few options that are present on all programs |
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that are based on the Netpbm libraries, including virtually |
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all Netpbm programs. These are not mentioned in the |
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individual man pages for the programs. |
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__-quiet__ |
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Suppress all informational messages that would otherwise be |
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issued to Standard Error. (To be precise, this only works to |
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the extent that the program in question implements the |
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Netpbm convention of issuing all informational messages via |
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the __pm_message()__ service of the Netpbm |
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libraries). |
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__-version__ |
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Instead of doing anything else, report the version of the |
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__libpbm__ library linked with the program (it may have |
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been linked statically into the program, or dynamically |
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linked at run time). Normally, the Netpbm programs and the |
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libraries are installed at the same time, so this tells you |
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the version of the program and all the other Netpbm |
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libraries and files it uses as well. |
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Here is a directory of the Netpbm programs. You can also use |
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__man -k__ to search for a program that does what you |
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want. |
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__Converters__ |
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__ppmtompeg__ |
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convert series of PPM frames to an MPEG movie |
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__jpegtopnm__ |
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convert JFIF/JPEG/EXIF file to Netpbm format |
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__pnmtojpeg__ |
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convert PPM to JPEG/JFIF/EXIF format |
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__anytopnm__ |
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convert any graphics format to Netpbm format |
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__bmptoppm__ |
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convert Windows or OS/2 Bitmap file to PPM |
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__ppmtobmp__ |
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convert PPM to Windows or OS/2 Bitmap file |
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__winicontoppm__ |
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convert Windows icon file to PPM |
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__ppmtowinicon__ |
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convert PPM to Windows icon file |
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__giftopnm__ |
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convert GIF to portable anymap |
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__ppmtogif__ |
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convert PPM to GIF |
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__pnmtopng__ |
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convert Netpbm format to Portable Network |
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Graphics |
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__pngtopnm__ |
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convert PNG (Portable Network Graphics) to Netpbm |
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formats |
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__palmtopnm__ |
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convert Palm pixmap to Netpbm formats |
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__pnmtopalm__ |
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convert Netpbm formats to Palm pixmap |
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__jbigtopbm__ |
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convert JBIG BIE (compressed bitmap) to PBM |
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__pbmtojbig__ |
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convert PBM to JBIG BIE (compressed bitmap) |
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__pnmtofiasco__ |
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convert Netpbm image to Fiasco (wfa) highly compressed |
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format |
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__fiascotopnm__ |
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convert Fiasco (wfa) highly compressed format to Netpbm |
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image |
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__hpcdtoppm__ |
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convert photo CD to PPM |
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__pbmtonokia__ |
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convert PBM to Nokia Smart Messaging Format |
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(SMF) |
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__pbmtowbmp__ |
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convert PBM to WAP (Wireless App Protocol) Wireless |
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Bitmap |
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__wbmptopbm__ |
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convert WAP (Wireless App Protocol) Wireless Bitmap to |
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PBM |
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__neotoppm__ |
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convert Atari Neochrome (.neo) image to PPM |
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__ppmtoneo__ |
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convert PPM image to Atari Neochrome (.neo) |
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__pbmtomda__ |
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convert from PBM to Microdesign (for Amstrad |
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PCWs) |
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__mdatopbm__ |
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convert from Microdesign (for Amstrad PCWs) to |
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PBM |
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__atktopbm__ |
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convert Andrew Toolkit raster object to PBM |
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__pbmtoatk__ |
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convert PBM to Andrew Toolkit raster object |
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__brushtopbm__ |
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convert Xerox doodle brushes to PBM |
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__cmuwmtopbm__ |
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convert CMU window manager format to PBM |
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__g3topbm__ |
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convert Group 3 FAX to PBM |
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__pbmtog3__ |
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convert PBM to Group 3 FAX |
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__icontopbm__ |
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convert Sun icon to PBM |
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__pbmtoicon__ |
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convert PBM to Sun icon |
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__gemtopnm__ |
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convert GEM .img format to PBM or pixmap |
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__macptopbm__ |
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perry |
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convert !MacPaint to PBM |
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perry |
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__pbmtomacp__ |
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perry |
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convert PBM to !MacPaint |
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perry |
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__mgrtopbm__ |
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convert MGR format to PBM |
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__pbmtomgr__ |
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convert PBM to MGR format |
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__pi3topbm__ |
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convert Atari Degas .pi3 to PBM |
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__pbmtopi3__ |
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convert PBM to Atari Degas .pi3 |
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__xbmtopbm__ |
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convert X10 or X11 bitmap to PBM |
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__pbmtoxbm__ |
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convert PBM to X11 bitmap |
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__pbmtox10bm__ |
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convert PBM to X10 bitmap |
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__ybmtopbm__ |
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convert Bennet Yee |
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__pbmtoybm__ |
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convert PBM into Bennet Yee |
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| |
|
446 |
|
| |
|
447 |
__pbmto10x__ |
| |
|
448 |
|
| |
|
449 |
|
| |
|
450 |
convert PBM to Gemini 10x printer graphics |
| |
|
451 |
|
| |
|
452 |
|
| |
|
453 |
__pbmtoascii__ |
| |
|
454 |
|
| |
|
455 |
|
| |
|
456 |
convert PBM to ASCII graphic form |
| |
|
457 |
|
| |
|
458 |
|
| |
|
459 |
__asciitopgm__ |
| |
|
460 |
|
| |
|
461 |
|
| |
|
462 |
convert ASCII character graphics to PGM |
| |
|
463 |
|
| |
|
464 |
|
| |
|
465 |
__pbmtobbnbg__ |
| |
|
466 |
|
| |
|
467 |
|
| 2 |
perry |
468 |
convert PBM to BBN !BitGraph graphics |
| 1 |
perry |
469 |
|
| |
|
470 |
|
| |
|
471 |
__pbmtocmuwm__ |
| |
|
472 |
|
| |
|
473 |
|
| |
|
474 |
convert PBM to CMU window manager format |
| |
|
475 |
|
| |
|
476 |
|
| |
|
477 |
__pbmtoepson__ |
| |
|
478 |
|
| |
|
479 |
|
| |
|
480 |
convert PBM to Epson printer graphics |
| |
|
481 |
|
| |
|
482 |
|
| |
|
483 |
__pbmtogem__ |
| |
|
484 |
|
| |
|
485 |
|
| |
|
486 |
convert PBM into GEM .img file |
| |
|
487 |
|
| |
|
488 |
|
| |
|
489 |
__pbmtogo__ |
| |
|
490 |
|
| |
|
491 |
|
| 2 |
perry |
492 |
convert PBM to !GraphOn graphics |
| 1 |
perry |
493 |
|
| |
|
494 |
|
| |
|
495 |
__pbmtolj__ |
| |
|
496 |
|
| |
|
497 |
|
| 2 |
perry |
498 |
convert PBM to HP !LaserJet black and white |
| 1 |
perry |
499 |
graphics |
| |
|
500 |
|
| |
|
501 |
|
| |
|
502 |
__ppmtolj__ |
| |
|
503 |
|
| |
|
504 |
|
| 2 |
perry |
505 |
convert PPM to HP !LaserJet color graphics (PCL) |
| 1 |
perry |
506 |
|
| |
|
507 |
|
| |
|
508 |
__pjtoppm__ |
| |
|
509 |
|
| |
|
510 |
|
| 2 |
perry |
511 |
convert HP !PaintJet file to PPM |
| 1 |
perry |
512 |
|
| |
|
513 |
|
| |
|
514 |
__ppmtopj__ |
| |
|
515 |
|
| |
|
516 |
|
| 2 |
perry |
517 |
convert PPM to HP !PaintJet file |
| 1 |
perry |
518 |
|
| |
|
519 |
|
| |
|
520 |
__thinkjettopbm__ |
| |
|
521 |
|
| |
|
522 |
|
| |
|
523 |
convert HP Thinkjet printer stream to PBM |
| |
|
524 |
|
| |
|
525 |
|
| |
|
526 |
__pbmtoplot__ |
| |
|
527 |
|
| |
|
528 |
|
| |
|
529 |
convert PBM into Unix plot(5) file |
| |
|
530 |
|
| |
|
531 |
|
| |
|
532 |
__pbmtoptx__ |
| |
|
533 |
|
| |
|
534 |
|
| |
|
535 |
convert PBM to Printronix graphics |
| |
|
536 |
|
| |
|
537 |
|
| |
|
538 |
__pbmtozinc__ |
| |
|
539 |
|
| |
|
540 |
|
| |
|
541 |
convert PBM to Zinc Interface Library icon |
| |
|
542 |
|
| |
|
543 |
|
| |
|
544 |
__fitstopnm__ |
| |
|
545 |
|
| |
|
546 |
|
| |
|
547 |
convert FITS format to portable anymap |
| |
|
548 |
|
| |
|
549 |
|
| |
|
550 |
__pnmtofits__ |
| |
|
551 |
|
| |
|
552 |
|
| |
|
553 |
convert Netpbm formats to FITS format |
| |
|
554 |
|
| |
|
555 |
|
| |
|
556 |
__fstopgm__ |
| |
|
557 |
|
| |
|
558 |
|
| 2 |
perry |
559 |
convert Usenix !FaceSaver(tm) format to PGM |
| 1 |
perry |
560 |
|
| |
|
561 |
|
| |
|
562 |
__pgmtofs__ |
| |
|
563 |
|
| |
|
564 |
|
| 2 |
perry |
565 |
convert PGM to Usenix !FaceSaver(tm) format |
| 1 |
perry |
566 |
|
| |
|
567 |
|
| |
|
568 |
__hipstopgm__ |
| |
|
569 |
|
| |
|
570 |
|
| |
|
571 |
convert HIPS format to PGM |
| |
|
572 |
|
| |
|
573 |
|
| |
|
574 |
__lispmtopgm__ |
| |
|
575 |
|
| |
|
576 |
|
| |
|
577 |
convert a Lisp Machine bitmap file into PGM |
| |
|
578 |
format |
| |
|
579 |
|
| |
|
580 |
|
| |
|
581 |
__pgmtolispm__ |
| |
|
582 |
|
| |
|
583 |
|
| |
|
584 |
convert PGM into Lisp Machine format |
| |
|
585 |
|
| |
|
586 |
|
| |
|
587 |
__pnmtops__ |
| |
|
588 |
|
| |
|
589 |
|
| |
|
590 |
convert Netpbm formats to Postscript |
| |
|
591 |
|
| |
|
592 |
|
| |
|
593 |
__pstopnm__ |
| |
|
594 |
|
| |
|
595 |
|
| |
|
596 |
convert Postscript to Netpbm formats |
| |
|
597 |
|
| |
|
598 |
|
| |
|
599 |
__psidtopgm__ |
| |
|
600 |
|
| |
|
601 |
|
| 2 |
perry |
602 |
convert !PostScript |
| 1 |
perry |
603 |
|
| |
|
604 |
|
| |
|
605 |
__pbmtolps__ |
| |
|
606 |
|
| |
|
607 |
|
| |
|
608 |
convert PBM image to Postscript using lines |
| |
|
609 |
|
| |
|
610 |
|
| |
|
611 |
__pbmtoepsi__ |
| |
|
612 |
|
| |
|
613 |
|
| |
|
614 |
convert a PBM image to encapsulated Postscript preview |
| |
|
615 |
bitmap |
| |
|
616 |
|
| |
|
617 |
|
| |
|
618 |
__pbmtopsg3__ |
| |
|
619 |
|
| |
|
620 |
|
| |
|
621 |
convert PBM images to Postscript using G3 fax |
| |
|
622 |
compression. |
| |
|
623 |
|
| |
|
624 |
|
| |
|
625 |
__rawtopgm__ |
| |
|
626 |
|
| |
|
627 |
|
| |
|
628 |
convert raw grayscale bytes to PGM |
| |
|
629 |
|
| |
|
630 |
|
| |
|
631 |
__pgmtopbm__ |
| |
|
632 |
|
| |
|
633 |
|
| |
|
634 |
convert PGM to PBM |
| |
|
635 |
|
| |
|
636 |
|
| |
|
637 |
__gouldtoppm__ |
| |
|
638 |
|
| |
|
639 |
|
| |
|
640 |
convert Gould scanner file to PPM |
| |
|
641 |
|
| |
|
642 |
|
| |
|
643 |
__ilbmtoppm__ |
| |
|
644 |
|
| |
|
645 |
|
| |
|
646 |
convert IFF ILBM to PPM |
| |
|
647 |
|
| |
|
648 |
|
| |
|
649 |
__ppmtoilbm__ |
| |
|
650 |
|
| |
|
651 |
|
| |
|
652 |
convert PPM to IFF ILBM |
| |
|
653 |
|
| |
|
654 |
|
| |
|
655 |
__imgtoppm__ |
| |
|
656 |
|
| |
|
657 |
|
| |
|
658 |
convert Img-whatnot to PPM |
| |
|
659 |
|
| |
|
660 |
|
| |
|
661 |
__mtvtoppm__ |
| |
|
662 |
|
| |
|
663 |
|
| |
|
664 |
convert MTV ray-tracer output to PPM |
| |
|
665 |
|
| |
|
666 |
|
| |
|
667 |
__pcxtoppm__ |
| |
|
668 |
|
| |
|
669 |
|
| |
|
670 |
convert PC Paintbrush format to PPM |
| |
|
671 |
|
| |
|
672 |
|
| |
|
673 |
__pgmtoppm__ |
| |
|
674 |
|
| |
|
675 |
|
| |
|
676 |
colorize a portable graymap into a PPM |
| |
|
677 |
|
| |
|
678 |
|
| |
|
679 |
__pi1toppm__ |
| |
|
680 |
|
| |
|
681 |
|
| |
|
682 |
convert Atari Degas .pi1 to PPM |
| |
|
683 |
|
| |
|
684 |
|
| |
|
685 |
__ppmtopi1__ |
| |
|
686 |
|
| |
|
687 |
|
| |
|
688 |
convert PPM to Atari Degas .pi1 |
| |
|
689 |
|
| |
|
690 |
|
| |
|
691 |
__picttoppm__ |
| |
|
692 |
|
| |
|
693 |
|
| |
|
694 |
convert Macintosh PICT to PPM |
| |
|
695 |
|
| |
|
696 |
|
| |
|
697 |
__ppmtopict__ |
| |
|
698 |
|
| |
|
699 |
|
| |
|
700 |
convert PPM to Macintosh PICT |
| |
|
701 |
|
| |
|
702 |
|
| |
|
703 |
__qrttoppm__ |
| |
|
704 |
|
| |
|
705 |
|
| |
|
706 |
convert QRT ray-tracer output to PPM |
| |
|
707 |
|
| |
|
708 |
|
| |
|
709 |
__rawtoppm__ |
| |
|
710 |
|
| |
|
711 |
|
| |
|
712 |
convert raw RGB bytes to PPM |
| |
|
713 |
|
| |
|
714 |
|
| |
|
715 |
__sldtoppm__ |
| |
|
716 |
|
| |
|
717 |
|
| |
|
718 |
convert an AutoCAD slide file into a PPM |
| |
|
719 |
|
| |
|
720 |
|
| |
|
721 |
__spctoppm__ |
| |
|
722 |
|
| |
|
723 |
|
| |
|
724 |
convert Atari compressed Spectrum to PPM |
| |
|
725 |
|
| |
|
726 |
|
| |
|
727 |
__sputoppm__ |
| |
|
728 |
|
| |
|
729 |
|
| |
|
730 |
convert Atari uncompressed Spectrum to PPM |
| |
|
731 |
|
| |
|
732 |
|
| |
|
733 |
__tgatoppm__ |
| |
|
734 |
|
| |
|
735 |
|
| 2 |
perry |
736 |
convert !TrueVision Targa file to PPM |
| 1 |
perry |
737 |
|
| |
|
738 |
|
| |
|
739 |
__ppmtotga__ |
| |
|
740 |
|
| |
|
741 |
|
| 2 |
perry |
742 |
convert PPM to !TrueVision Targa file |
| 1 |
perry |
743 |
|
| |
|
744 |
|
| |
|
745 |
__ximtoppm__ |
| |
|
746 |
|
| |
|
747 |
|
| |
|
748 |
convert Xim to PPM |
| |
|
749 |
|
| |
|
750 |
|
| |
|
751 |
__xpmtoppm__ |
| |
|
752 |
|
| |
|
753 |
|
| |
|
754 |
convert XPM format to PPM |
| |
|
755 |
|
| |
|
756 |
|
| |
|
757 |
__ppmtoxpm__ |
| |
|
758 |
|
| |
|
759 |
|
| |
|
760 |
convert PPM to XPM format |
| |
|
761 |
|
| |
|
762 |
|
| |
|
763 |
__yuvtoppm__ |
| |
|
764 |
|
| |
|
765 |
|
| |
|
766 |
convert Abekas YUV format to PPM |
| |
|
767 |
|
| |
|
768 |
|
| |
|
769 |
__eyuvtoppm__ |
| |
|
770 |
|
| |
|
771 |
|
| |
|
772 |
convert Encoder/Berkeley YUV format to PPM |
| |
|
773 |
|
| |
|
774 |
|
| |
|
775 |
__ppmtoeyuv__ |
| |
|
776 |
|
| |
|
777 |
|
| |
|
778 |
convert PPM to Encoder/Berkeley YUV format |
| |
|
779 |
|
| |
|
780 |
|
| |
|
781 |
__ppmtoyuv__ |
| |
|
782 |
|
| |
|
783 |
|
| |
|
784 |
convert PPM to Abekas YUV format |
| |
|
785 |
|
| |
|
786 |
|
| |
|
787 |
__ppmtoyuvsplit__ |
| |
|
788 |
|
| |
|
789 |
|
| |
|
790 |
convert PPM to 3 subsampled raw YUV files |
| |
|
791 |
|
| |
|
792 |
|
| |
|
793 |
__yuvsplittoppm__ |
| |
|
794 |
|
| |
|
795 |
|
| |
|
796 |
merge 3 subsampled raw YUV files to one PPM |
| |
|
797 |
|
| |
|
798 |
|
| |
|
799 |
__ppmtoacad__ |
| |
|
800 |
|
| |
|
801 |
|
| |
|
802 |
convert PPM to AutoCAD database or slide |
| |
|
803 |
|
| |
|
804 |
|
| |
|
805 |
__ppmtoicr__ |
| |
|
806 |
|
| |
|
807 |
|
| |
|
808 |
convert PPM to NCSA ICR graphics |
| |
|
809 |
|
| |
|
810 |
|
| |
|
811 |
__ppmtopcx__ |
| |
|
812 |
|
| |
|
813 |
|
| |
|
814 |
convert PPM to PC Paintbrush format |
| |
|
815 |
|
| |
|
816 |
|
| |
|
817 |
__ppmtopgm__ |
| |
|
818 |
|
| |
|
819 |
|
| |
|
820 |
convert PPM to portable graymap |
| |
|
821 |
|
| |
|
822 |
|
| |
|
823 |
__ppmtopuzz__ |
| |
|
824 |
|
| |
|
825 |
|
| |
|
826 |
convert PPM to X11 |
| |
|
827 |
|
| |
|
828 |
|
| |
|
829 |
__rasttopnm__ |
| |
|
830 |
|
| |
|
831 |
|
| |
|
832 |
convert Sun raster file to Netpbm formats |
| |
|
833 |
|
| |
|
834 |
|
| |
|
835 |
__pnmtorast__ |
| |
|
836 |
|
| |
|
837 |
|
| |
|
838 |
convert Netpbm formats to Sun raster file |
| |
|
839 |
|
| |
|
840 |
|
| |
|
841 |
__tifftopnm__ |
| |
|
842 |
|
| |
|
843 |
|
| |
|
844 |
convert TIFF file to portable anymap |
| |
|
845 |
|
| |
|
846 |
|
| |
|
847 |
__pnmtotiff__ |
| |
|
848 |
|
| |
|
849 |
|
| |
|
850 |
convert Netpbm formats to TIFF RGB file |
| |
|
851 |
|
| |
|
852 |
|
| |
|
853 |
__pnmtotiffcmyk__ |
| |
|
854 |
|
| |
|
855 |
|
| |
|
856 |
convert Netpbm formats to TIFF CMYK file |
| |
|
857 |
|
| |
|
858 |
|
| |
|
859 |
__xwdtopnm__ |
| |
|
860 |
|
| |
|
861 |
|
| |
|
862 |
convert X10 or X11 window dump to Netpbm |
| |
|
863 |
formats |
| |
|
864 |
|
| |
|
865 |
|
| |
|
866 |
__pnmtoxwd__ |
| |
|
867 |
|
| |
|
868 |
|
| |
|
869 |
convert Netpbm formats to X11 window dump |
| |
|
870 |
|
| |
|
871 |
|
| |
|
872 |
__pnmtoplainpnm__ |
| |
|
873 |
|
| |
|
874 |
|
| |
|
875 |
convert regular Netpbm format image into plain Netpbm |
| |
|
876 |
format |
| |
|
877 |
|
| |
|
878 |
|
| |
|
879 |
__pbmtopgm__ |
| |
|
880 |
|
| |
|
881 |
|
| |
|
882 |
convert PBM file to PGM by averaging areas |
| |
|
883 |
|
| |
|
884 |
|
| |
|
885 |
__411toppm__ |
| |
|
886 |
|
| |
|
887 |
|
| |
|
888 |
convert 411 (Sony Mavica) to PPM |
| |
|
889 |
|
| |
|
890 |
|
| |
|
891 |
__ppmtosixel__ |
| |
|
892 |
|
| |
|
893 |
|
| |
|
894 |
convert PPM to DEC sixel format |
| |
|
895 |
|
| |
|
896 |
|
| |
|
897 |
__ppmtouil__ |
| |
|
898 |
|
| |
|
899 |
|
| |
|
900 |
convert PPM to Motif UIL icon file |
| |
|
901 |
|
| |
|
902 |
|
| |
|
903 |
__sbigtopgm__ |
| |
|
904 |
|
| |
|
905 |
|
| |
|
906 |
convert Santa Barbara Instrument Group CCD file to |
| |
|
907 |
PGM |
| |
|
908 |
|
| |
|
909 |
|
| |
|
910 |
__vidtoppm__ |
| |
|
911 |
|
| |
|
912 |
|
| |
|
913 |
convert Parallax XVideo JPEG to sequence of PPM |
| |
|
914 |
files |
| |
|
915 |
|
| |
|
916 |
|
| |
|
917 |
__pnmtorle__ |
| |
|
918 |
|
| |
|
919 |
|
| |
|
920 |
convert PNM to Utah Raster Toolkit (urt/rle) |
| |
|
921 |
file |
| |
|
922 |
|
| |
|
923 |
|
| |
|
924 |
__rletopnm__ |
| |
|
925 |
|
| |
|
926 |
|
| |
|
927 |
convert Utah Raster Toolkit (urt/rle) file to |
| |
|
928 |
PNM |
| |
|
929 |
|
| |
|
930 |
|
| |
|
931 |
__ppmtoleaf__ |
| |
|
932 |
|
| |
|
933 |
|
| |
|
934 |
convert PPM to Interleaf |
| |
|
935 |
|
| |
|
936 |
|
| |
|
937 |
__leaftoppm__ |
| |
|
938 |
|
| |
|
939 |
|
| |
|
940 |
convert Interleaf to PPM |
| |
|
941 |
|
| |
|
942 |
|
| |
|
943 |
__bioradtopgm__ |
| |
|
944 |
|
| |
|
945 |
|
| |
|
946 |
convert Biorad confocal image to PGM |
| |
|
947 |
|
| |
|
948 |
|
| |
|
949 |
__pbmtoln03__ |
| |
|
950 |
|
| |
|
951 |
|
| |
|
952 |
convert PGM image to Dec LN03+ Sixel image |
| |
|
953 |
|
| |
|
954 |
|
| |
|
955 |
__pbmtopk__ |
| |
|
956 |
|
| |
|
957 |
|
| |
|
958 |
convert PBM image to packed format (PK) font |
| |
|
959 |
|
| |
|
960 |
|
| |
|
961 |
__pktopbm__ |
| |
|
962 |
|
| |
|
963 |
|
| |
|
964 |
convert packed format (PK) font to PBM image |
| |
|
965 |
|
| |
|
966 |
|
| |
|
967 |
__Image Generators__ |
| |
|
968 |
|
| |
|
969 |
|
| |
|
970 |
All of these generate Netpbm format output. |
| |
|
971 |
|
| |
|
972 |
|
| |
|
973 |
__pbmmake__ |
| |
|
974 |
|
| |
|
975 |
|
| |
|
976 |
create a blank PBM image of a specified size |
| |
|
977 |
|
| |
|
978 |
|
| |
|
979 |
__ppmmake__ |
| |
|
980 |
|
| |
|
981 |
|
| |
|
982 |
create a PPM image of a specified size and |
| |
|
983 |
color |
| |
|
984 |
|
| |
|
985 |
|
| |
|
986 |
__pgmramp__ |
| |
|
987 |
|
| |
|
988 |
|
| |
|
989 |
generate a grayscale ramp |
| |
|
990 |
|
| |
|
991 |
|
| |
|
992 |
__ppmpat__ |
| |
|
993 |
|
| |
|
994 |
|
| |
|
995 |
create a pretty PPM image |
| |
|
996 |
|
| |
|
997 |
|
| |
|
998 |
__ppmrainbow__ |
| |
|
999 |
|
| |
|
1000 |
|
| |
|
1001 |
create a spectrum-like image with colors fading |
| |
|
1002 |
together. |
| |
|
1003 |
|
| |
|
1004 |
|
| |
|
1005 |
__pgmnoise__ |
| |
|
1006 |
|
| |
|
1007 |
|
| |
|
1008 |
create a PGM image of white noise |
| |
|
1009 |
|
| |
|
1010 |
|
| |
|
1011 |
__pbmtext__ |
| |
|
1012 |
|
| |
|
1013 |
|
| |
|
1014 |
render text into a PBM image |
| |
|
1015 |
|
| |
|
1016 |
|
| |
|
1017 |
__pbmupc__ |
| |
|
1018 |
|
| |
|
1019 |
|
| |
|
1020 |
create a Universal Product Code PBM image |
| |
|
1021 |
|
| |
|
1022 |
|
| |
|
1023 |
__ppmcie__ |
| |
|
1024 |
|
| |
|
1025 |
|
| |
|
1026 |
generate a CIE color map PPM image |
| |
|
1027 |
|
| |
|
1028 |
|
| |
|
1029 |
__pbmpage__ |
| |
|
1030 |
|
| |
|
1031 |
|
| |
|
1032 |
create a printer test pattern page in PBM |
| |
|
1033 |
format |
| |
|
1034 |
|
| |
|
1035 |
|
| |
|
1036 |
__Image Editors__ |
| |
|
1037 |
|
| |
|
1038 |
|
| |
|
1039 |
All of these work on the Netpbm formats |
| |
|
1040 |
|
| |
|
1041 |
|
| |
|
1042 |
__ppmlabel__ |
| |
|
1043 |
|
| |
|
1044 |
|
| |
|
1045 |
Add text to an image |
| |
|
1046 |
|
| |
|
1047 |
|
| |
|
1048 |
__pnmshadow__ |
| |
|
1049 |
|
| |
|
1050 |
|
| |
|
1051 |
add a shadow to an image so it looks like it's |
| |
|
1052 |
floating |
| |
|
1053 |
|
| |
|
1054 |
|
| |
|
1055 |
__ppmbrighten__ |
| |
|
1056 |
|
| |
|
1057 |
|
| |
|
1058 |
brighten or dim an image -- change saturation and |
| |
|
1059 |
value |
| |
|
1060 |
|
| |
|
1061 |
|
| |
|
1062 |
__ppmdim__ |
| |
|
1063 |
|
| |
|
1064 |
|
| |
|
1065 |
dim an image - different way from ppmbrighten |
| |
|
1066 |
|
| |
|
1067 |
|
| |
|
1068 |
__pbmreduce__ |
| |
|
1069 |
|
| |
|
1070 |
|
| |
|
1071 |
reduce a PBM N times, using Floyd-Steinberg |
| |
|
1072 |
|
| |
|
1073 |
|
| |
|
1074 |
__pgmnorm__ |
| |
|
1075 |
|
| |
|
1076 |
|
| |
|
1077 |
normalize contrast in a PGM image |
| |
|
1078 |
|
| |
|
1079 |
|
| |
|
1080 |
__ppmnorm__ |
| |
|
1081 |
|
| |
|
1082 |
|
| |
|
1083 |
normalize contrast in a PPM image |
| |
|
1084 |
|
| |
|
1085 |
|
| |
|
1086 |
__pbmpscale__ |
| |
|
1087 |
|
| |
|
1088 |
|
| |
|
1089 |
enlarge a PBM image with edge smoothing |
| |
|
1090 |
|
| |
|
1091 |
|
| |
|
1092 |
__pnmscale__ |
| |
|
1093 |
|
| |
|
1094 |
|
| |
|
1095 |
scale an image with high precision |
| |
|
1096 |
|
| |
|
1097 |
|
| |
|
1098 |
__pnmscalefixed__ |
| |
|
1099 |
|
| |
|
1100 |
|
| |
|
1101 |
scale an image quickly with low precision |
| |
|
1102 |
|
| |
|
1103 |
|
| |
|
1104 |
__ppmdither__ |
| |
|
1105 |
|
| |
|
1106 |
|
| |
|
1107 |
ordered dither for color images |
| |
|
1108 |
|
| |
|
1109 |
|
| |
|
1110 |
__ppmquant__ |
| |
|
1111 |
|
| |
|
1112 |
|
| |
|
1113 |
quantize colors in an image down to a specified |
| |
|
1114 |
number |
| |
|
1115 |
|
| |
|
1116 |
|
| |
|
1117 |
__ppmquantall__ |
| |
|
1118 |
|
| |
|
1119 |
|
| |
|
1120 |
quantize colors down to a specified number on many |
| |
|
1121 |
files |
| |
|
1122 |
|
| |
|
1123 |
|
| |
|
1124 |
__ppmrelief__ |
| |
|
1125 |
|
| |
|
1126 |
|
| |
|
1127 |
run a Laplacian Relief filter on a PPM |
| |
|
1128 |
|
| |
|
1129 |
|
| |
|
1130 |
__pnmarith__ |
| |
|
1131 |
|
| |
|
1132 |
|
| |
|
1133 |
perform arithmetic on two images |
| |
|
1134 |
|
| |
|
1135 |
|
| |
|
1136 |
__pnmcat__ |
| |
|
1137 |
|
| |
|
1138 |
|
| |
|
1139 |
concatenate images |
| |
|
1140 |
|
| |
|
1141 |
|
| |
|
1142 |
__pnmpad__ |
| |
|
1143 |
|
| |
|
1144 |
|
| |
|
1145 |
add borders to an image |
| |
|
1146 |
|
| |
|
1147 |
|
| |
|
1148 |
__pnmcomp__ |
| |
|
1149 |
|
| |
|
1150 |
|
| |
|
1151 |
create composite (overlay) of images |
| |
|
1152 |
|
| |
|
1153 |
|
| |
|
1154 |
__ppmmix__ |
| |
|
1155 |
|
| |
|
1156 |
|
| |
|
1157 |
mix (overlay) two images. |
| |
|
1158 |
|
| |
|
1159 |
|
| |
|
1160 |
__pnmcrop__ |
| |
|
1161 |
|
| |
|
1162 |
|
| |
|
1163 |
crop all like-colored borders off an image |
| |
|
1164 |
|
| |
|
1165 |
|
| |
|
1166 |
__pnmcut__ |
| |
|
1167 |
|
| |
|
1168 |
|
| |
|
1169 |
select a rectangular region from an image |
| |
|
1170 |
|
| |
|
1171 |
|
| |
|
1172 |
__pnmdepth__ |
| |
|
1173 |
|
| |
|
1174 |
|
| |
|
1175 |
change the maxval in an image |
| |
|
1176 |
|
| |
|
1177 |
|
| |
|
1178 |
__pnmenlarge__ |
| |
|
1179 |
|
| |
|
1180 |
|
| |
|
1181 |
enlarge an image N times |
| |
|
1182 |
|
| |
|
1183 |
|
| |
|
1184 |
__pnmflip__ |
| |
|
1185 |
|
| |
|
1186 |
|
| |
|
1187 |
perform one or more flip operations on an image |
| |
|
1188 |
|
| |
|
1189 |
|
| |
|
1190 |
__pnminterp__ |
| |
|
1191 |
|
| |
|
1192 |
|
| |
|
1193 |
scale up an image by interpolating between |
| |
|
1194 |
pixels |
| |
|
1195 |
|
| |
|
1196 |
|
| |
|
1197 |
__pnminterp-gen__ |
| |
|
1198 |
|
| |
|
1199 |
|
| |
|
1200 |
scale by non-integer values using pnminterp and |
| |
|
1201 |
pnmscale |
| |
|
1202 |
|
| |
|
1203 |
|
| |
|
1204 |
__pnminvert__ |
| |
|
1205 |
|
| |
|
1206 |
|
| |
|
1207 |
invert an image |
| |
|
1208 |
|
| |
|
1209 |
|
| |
|
1210 |
__pnmgamma__ |
| |
|
1211 |
|
| |
|
1212 |
|
| |
|
1213 |
perform gamma correction on an image |
| |
|
1214 |
|
| |
|
1215 |
|
| |
|
1216 |
__pnmmargin__ |
| |
|
1217 |
|
| |
|
1218 |
|
| |
|
1219 |
add a margin to an image |
| |
|
1220 |
|
| |
|
1221 |
|
| |
|
1222 |
__pnmpaste__ |
| |
|
1223 |
|
| |
|
1224 |
|
| |
|
1225 |
paste a rectangle into an image |
| |
|
1226 |
|
| |
|
1227 |
|
| |
|
1228 |
__pnmrotate__ |
| |
|
1229 |
|
| |
|
1230 |
|
| |
|
1231 |
rotate an image |
| |
|
1232 |
|
| |
|
1233 |
|
| |
|
1234 |
__pnmshear__ |
| |
|
1235 |
|
| |
|
1236 |
|
| |
|
1237 |
shear an image |
| |
|
1238 |
|
| |
|
1239 |
|
| |
|
1240 |
__pnmsmooth__ |
| |
|
1241 |
|
| |
|
1242 |
|
| |
|
1243 |
smooth am image |
| |
|
1244 |
|
| |
|
1245 |
|
| |
|
1246 |
__pnmtile__ |
| |
|
1247 |
|
| |
|
1248 |
|
| |
|
1249 |
replicate an image into a specified size |
| |
|
1250 |
|
| |
|
1251 |
|
| |
|
1252 |
__pbmclean__ |
| |
|
1253 |
|
| |
|
1254 |
|
| |
|
1255 |
remove lone pixels (snow) from a PBM image |
| |
|
1256 |
|
| |
|
1257 |
|
| |
|
1258 |
__pnmalias__ |
| |
|
1259 |
|
| |
|
1260 |
|
| |
|
1261 |
antialias an image |
| |
|
1262 |
|
| |
|
1263 |
|
| |
|
1264 |
__ppmchange__ |
| |
|
1265 |
|
| |
|
1266 |
|
| |
|
1267 |
change all of one color to another in PPM image |
| |
|
1268 |
|
| |
|
1269 |
|
| |
|
1270 |
__ppmshift__ |
| |
|
1271 |
|
| |
|
1272 |
|
| |
|
1273 |
shift lines of PPM image left or right a random |
| |
|
1274 |
amount |
| |
|
1275 |
|
| |
|
1276 |
|
| |
|
1277 |
__ppmspread__ |
| |
|
1278 |
|
| |
|
1279 |
|
| |
|
1280 |
move pixels of PPM image a random amount |
| |
|
1281 |
|
| |
|
1282 |
|
| |
|
1283 |
__pnmconvol__ |
| |
|
1284 |
|
| |
|
1285 |
|
| |
|
1286 |
general MxN convolution on an image |
| |
|
1287 |
|
| |
|
1288 |
|
| |
|
1289 |
__rgb3toppm__ |
| |
|
1290 |
|
| |
|
1291 |
|
| |
|
1292 |
combine three portable graymaps into one PPM |
| |
|
1293 |
|
| |
|
1294 |
|
| |
|
1295 |
__ppmtorgb3__ |
| |
|
1296 |
|
| |
|
1297 |
|
| |
|
1298 |
separate a PPM into three portable graymaps |
| |
|
1299 |
|
| |
|
1300 |
|
| |
|
1301 |
__pbmlife__ |
| |
|
1302 |
|
| |
|
1303 |
|
| |
|
1304 |
apply Conway's rules of Life to a PBM image |
| |
|
1305 |
|
| |
|
1306 |
|
| |
|
1307 |
__ppmdist__ |
| |
|
1308 |
|
| |
|
1309 |
|
| |
|
1310 |
map colors to high contrast grayscales |
| |
|
1311 |
arbitrarily |
| |
|
1312 |
|
| |
|
1313 |
|
| |
|
1314 |
__ppmntsc__ |
| |
|
1315 |
|
| |
|
1316 |
|
| |
|
1317 |
adjust colors so they are legal for NTSC or PAL |
| |
|
1318 |
television |
| |
|
1319 |
|
| |
|
1320 |
|
| |
|
1321 |
__Image Analyzers__ |
| |
|
1322 |
|
| |
|
1323 |
|
| |
|
1324 |
These all work on the Netpbm formats as input. |
| |
|
1325 |
|
| |
|
1326 |
|
| |
|
1327 |
__pnmfile__ |
| |
|
1328 |
|
| |
|
1329 |
|
| |
|
1330 |
describe an image's vital characteristics |
| |
|
1331 |
|
| |
|
1332 |
|
| |
|
1333 |
__pnmpsnr__ |
| |
|
1334 |
|
| |
|
1335 |
|
| |
|
1336 |
measure difference between two images |
| |
|
1337 |
|
| |
|
1338 |
|
| |
|
1339 |
__pgmedge__ |
| |
|
1340 |
|
| |
|
1341 |
|
| |
|
1342 |
edge-detect a PGM image |
| |
|
1343 |
|
| |
|
1344 |
|
| |
|
1345 |
__pgmenhance__ |
| |
|
1346 |
|
| |
|
1347 |
|
| |
|
1348 |
edge-enhance a PGM image |
| |
|
1349 |
|
| |
|
1350 |
|
| |
|
1351 |
__pgmslice__ |
| |
|
1352 |
|
| |
|
1353 |
|
| |
|
1354 |
print grayscale values for a row or column of a PGM |
| |
|
1355 |
image |
| |
|
1356 |
|
| |
|
1357 |
|
| |
|
1358 |
__pgmtexture__ |
| |
|
1359 |
|
| |
|
1360 |
|
| |
|
1361 |
calculate textural features on a PGM image |
| |
|
1362 |
|
| |
|
1363 |
|
| |
|
1364 |
__pgmhist__ |
| |
|
1365 |
|
| |
|
1366 |
|
| |
|
1367 |
print a histogram of the values in a PGM image |
| |
|
1368 |
|
| |
|
1369 |
|
| |
|
1370 |
__ppmhist__ |
| |
|
1371 |
|
| |
|
1372 |
|
| |
|
1373 |
print a histogram of a PPM |
| |
|
1374 |
|
| |
|
1375 |
|
| |
|
1376 |
__ppmtomap__ |
| |
|
1377 |
|
| |
|
1378 |
|
| |
|
1379 |
generate a map of all colors in an image |
| |
|
1380 |
|
| |
|
1381 |
|
| |
|
1382 |
__Miscellaneous__ |
| |
|
1383 |
|
| |
|
1384 |
|
| |
|
1385 |
__pbmmask__ |
| |
|
1386 |
|
| |
|
1387 |
|
| |
|
1388 |
create a mask bitmap from a regular bitmap |
| |
|
1389 |
|
| |
|
1390 |
|
| |
|
1391 |
__ppmcolormask__ |
| |
|
1392 |
|
| |
|
1393 |
|
| |
|
1394 |
create mask of areas of a certain color in an |
| |
|
1395 |
image |
| |
|
1396 |
|
| |
|
1397 |
|
| |
|
1398 |
__pnmsplit__ |
| |
|
1399 |
|
| |
|
1400 |
|
| |
|
1401 |
split a multi-image Netpbm file into multiple 1-image |
| |
|
1402 |
files |
| |
|
1403 |
|
| |
|
1404 |
|
| |
|
1405 |
__pnmindex__ |
| |
|
1406 |
|
| |
|
1407 |
|
| |
|
1408 |
build a visual index of a bunch of Netpbm |
| |
|
1409 |
images |
| |
|
1410 |
|
| |
|
1411 |
|
| |
|
1412 |
__pcdindex__ |
| |
|
1413 |
|
| |
|
1414 |
|
| |
|
1415 |
build a visual index of a photo CD from PCD overview |
| |
|
1416 |
file |
| |
|
1417 |
|
| |
|
1418 |
|
| |
|
1419 |
__pnmmontage__ |
| |
|
1420 |
|
| |
|
1421 |
|
| |
|
1422 |
build multiple Netpbm images into a single montage |
| |
|
1423 |
image |
| |
|
1424 |
|
| |
|
1425 |
|
| |
|
1426 |
__pgmbentley__ |
| |
|
1427 |
|
| |
|
1428 |
|
| |
|
1429 |
Bentleyize a PGM image |
| |
|
1430 |
|
| |
|
1431 |
|
| |
|
1432 |
__pgmcrater__ |
| |
|
1433 |
|
| |
|
1434 |
|
| |
|
1435 |
create cratered terrain by fractal forgery |
| |
|
1436 |
|
| |
|
1437 |
|
| |
|
1438 |
__pamoil__ |
| |
|
1439 |
|
| |
|
1440 |
|
| |
|
1441 |
turn a PNM or PAM image into an oil painting |
| |
|
1442 |
|
| |
|
1443 |
|
| |
|
1444 |
__ppmforge__ |
| |
|
1445 |
|
| |
|
1446 |
|
| |
|
1447 |
fractal forgeries of clouds, planets, and starry |
| |
|
1448 |
skies |
| |
|
1449 |
|
| |
|
1450 |
|
| |
|
1451 |
__pgmkernel__ |
| |
|
1452 |
|
| |
|
1453 |
|
| |
|
1454 |
generate a convolution kernel |
| |
|
1455 |
|
| |
|
1456 |
|
| |
|
1457 |
__ppmtv__ |
| |
|
1458 |
|
| |
|
1459 |
|
| |
|
1460 |
Make an image lined so it looks like an old TV |
| |
|
1461 |
|
| |
|
1462 |
|
| |
|
1463 |
__pbmto4425__ |
| |
|
1464 |
|
| |
|
1465 |
|
| |
|
1466 |
Display PBM image on AT |
| |
|
1467 |
|
| |
|
1468 |
|
| |
|
1469 |
__Uncatalogued As Yet__ |
| |
|
1470 |
|
| |
|
1471 |
|
| |
|
1472 |
__pnmhisteq__ |
| |
|
1473 |
|
| |
|
1474 |
|
| |
|
1475 |
__pnmhistmap__ |
| |
|
1476 |
|
| |
|
1477 |
|
| |
|
1478 |
__pnmnlfilt__ |
| |
|
1479 |
|
| |
|
1480 |
|
| |
|
1481 |
__pnmtoddif__ |
| |
|
1482 |
|
| |
|
1483 |
|
| |
|
1484 |
__pnmtosgi__ |
| |
|
1485 |
|
| |
|
1486 |
|
| |
|
1487 |
__pnmtosir__ |
| |
|
1488 |
|
| |
|
1489 |
|
| |
|
1490 |
__ppm3d__ |
| |
|
1491 |
|
| |
|
1492 |
|
| |
|
1493 |
__ppmflash__ |
| |
|
1494 |
|
| |
|
1495 |
|
| |
|
1496 |
__ppmqvga__ |
| |
|
1497 |
|
| |
|
1498 |
|
| |
|
1499 |
__ppmtomitsu__ |
| |
|
1500 |
|
| |
|
1501 |
|
| |
|
1502 |
__ppmtopjxl__ |
| |
|
1503 |
|
| |
|
1504 |
|
| |
|
1505 |
__sgitopnm__ |
| |
|
1506 |
|
| |
|
1507 |
|
| |
|
1508 |
__sirtopnm__ |
| |
|
1509 |
|
| |
|
1510 |
|
| |
|
1511 |
__spottopgm__ |
| |
|
1512 |
|
| |
|
1513 |
|
| |
|
1514 |
__xvminitoppm__ |
| |
|
1515 |
|
| |
|
1516 |
|
| |
|
1517 |
__zeisstopnm__ |
| |
|
1518 |
!!The Netpbm Libraries |
| |
|
1519 |
|
| |
|
1520 |
|
| |
|
1521 |
The Netpbm programming libraries, libpbm(3), |
| |
|
1522 |
libpgm(3), libppm(3), and libpnm(3), |
| |
|
1523 |
make it easy to write programs that manipulate graphic |
| |
|
1524 |
images. Their main function is to read and write files in |
| |
|
1525 |
the Netpbm format, and because the Netpbm package contains |
| |
|
1526 |
converters for all the popular graphics formats, if your |
| |
|
1527 |
program reads and writes the Netpbm formats, you can use it |
| |
|
1528 |
with any formats. |
| |
|
1529 |
|
| |
|
1530 |
|
| |
|
1531 |
But the libraries also contain some utility functions, such |
| |
|
1532 |
as character drawing and RGB/YCrCb conversion. |
| |
|
1533 |
|
| |
|
1534 |
|
| |
|
1535 |
The libraries have the conventional C linkage. Virtually all |
| |
|
1536 |
programs in the Netpbm package are based on the Netpbm |
| |
|
1537 |
libraries. |
| |
|
1538 |
|
| |
|
1539 |
|
| |
|
1540 |
__Application Notes__ |
| |
|
1541 |
|
| |
|
1542 |
|
| |
|
1543 |
As a collection of primitive tools, the power of Netpbm is |
| |
|
1544 |
multiplied by the power of all the other unix tools you can |
| |
|
1545 |
use with them. These notes remind you of some of the more |
| |
|
1546 |
useful ways to do this. Often, when people want to add high |
| |
|
1547 |
level functions to the Netpbm tools, they have overlooked |
| |
|
1548 |
some existing tool that, in combination with Netpbm, already |
| |
|
1549 |
does it. |
| |
|
1550 |
|
| |
|
1551 |
|
| |
|
1552 |
Often, you need to apply some conversion or edit to a whole |
| |
|
1553 |
bunch of files. |
| |
|
1554 |
|
| |
|
1555 |
|
| |
|
1556 |
As a rule, Netpbm programs take one input file and produce |
| |
|
1557 |
one output file, usually on Standard Output. This is for |
| |
|
1558 |
flexibility, since you so often have to pipeline many tools |
| |
|
1559 |
together. |
| |
|
1560 |
|
| |
|
1561 |
|
| |
|
1562 |
Here is an example of a shell command to convert all your of |
| |
|
1563 |
PNG files (named *.png) to JPEG files named |
| |
|
1564 |
*.jpg: |
| |
|
1565 |
|
| |
|
1566 |
|
| |
|
1567 |
__for i in *.png; do pngtopnm $i | ppmtojpeg |
| |
|
1568 |
__ |
| |
|
1569 |
|
| |
|
1570 |
|
| |
|
1571 |
Or you might just generate a stream of individual shell |
| |
|
1572 |
commands, one per file, with awk or perl. Here's how to |
| |
|
1573 |
brighten 30 YUV images that make up one second of a movie, |
| |
|
1574 |
keeping the images in the same files: |
| |
|
1575 |
|
| |
|
1576 |
|
| |
|
1577 |
__ls *.yuv .br | perl -ne 'chomp; |
| |
|
1578 |
print yuvtoppm $_ | ppmbrighten -v 100 | ppmtoyuv |
| |
|
1579 |
mv tmp$$.yuv $_0 |
| |
|
1580 |
' .br | sh__ |
| |
|
1581 |
|
| |
|
1582 |
|
| |
|
1583 |
The tools __find__ (with the __-exec__ option) and |
| |
|
1584 |
__xargs__ are also useful for simple manipulation of |
| |
|
1585 |
groups of files. |
| |
|
1586 |
|
| |
|
1587 |
|
| |
|
1588 |
Some shells' |
| |
|
1589 |
abc.png__. Try: |
| |
|
1590 |
|
| |
|
1591 |
|
| |
|
1592 |
__printcmyk |
| |
|
1593 |
__ |
| |
|
1594 |
|
| |
|
1595 |
|
| |
|
1596 |
It works in the other direction too, if you have a program |
| |
|
1597 |
that makes you name its output file and you want the output |
| |
|
1598 |
to go through a Netpbm tool. |
| |
|
1599 |
|
| |
|
1600 |
|
| |
|
1601 |
__Other Graphics Software__ |
| |
|
1602 |
|
| |
|
1603 |
|
| |
|
1604 |
Netpbm contains primitive building blocks. It certainly is |
| |
|
1605 |
not a complete graphics library. |
| |
|
1606 |
|
| |
|
1607 |
|
| |
|
1608 |
The first thing you will need to make use of any of these |
| |
|
1609 |
tools is a viewer. __zgv__ is a good viewer to use on a |
| |
|
1610 |
GNU/Linux system with the SVGALIB graphics display driver |
| |
|
1611 |
library. You can find __zgv__ at |
| |
|
1612 |
__ftp://ftp.ibiblio.org/pub/Linux/apps/graphics/viewers/svga |
| |
|
1613 |
.__ |
| |
|
1614 |
|
| |
|
1615 |
|
| |
|
1616 |
__zgv__ even has a feature in it wherein you can visually |
| |
|
1617 |
crop an image and write an output file of the cropped image |
| |
|
1618 |
using __pnmcut__. See the __-s__ option to |
| |
|
1619 |
__zgv__. |
| |
|
1620 |
|
| |
|
1621 |
|
| |
|
1622 |
For the X inclined, there is also __xzgv__. See |
| |
|
1623 |
__ftp://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/apps/graphics/viewers/X__. |
| |
|
1624 |
|
| |
|
1625 |
|
| |
|
1626 |
__xloadimage__ and its extension __xli__ are also |
| |
|
1627 |
common ways to display a graphic image in X. |
| |
|
1628 |
|
| |
|
1629 |
|
| 2 |
perry |
1630 |
__!ImageMagick__ is like a visual version of Netpbm. Using |
| 1 |
perry |
1631 |
the X/Window system on Unix, you can do basic editing of |
| |
|
1632 |
images and lots of format conversions. The package does |
| |
|
1633 |
include at least some non-visual tools. Convert, Mogrify, |
| |
|
1634 |
Montage, and Animate are popular programs from the |
| 2 |
perry |
1635 |
__!ImageMagick__ package. __!ImageMagick__ runs on Unix, |
| 1 |
perry |
1636 |
Windows, Windows NT, Macintosh, and VMS. |
| |
|
1637 |
|
| |
|
1638 |
|
| |
|
1639 |
The Gimp is a visual image editor for Unix and X, in the |
| |
|
1640 |
same category as the more famous, less capable, and much |
| |
|
1641 |
more expensive Adobe Photoshop, etc. for Windows. See |
| |
|
1642 |
__http://www.gimp.org__. |
| |
|
1643 |
|
| |
|
1644 |
|
| |
|
1645 |
The __file__ program looks at a file and tells you what |
| |
|
1646 |
kind of file it is. It recognizes most of the graphics |
| |
|
1647 |
formats with which Netpbm deals, so it is pretty handy for |
| |
|
1648 |
graphics work. Netpbm's __anytopnm__ program depends on |
| |
|
1649 |
__file.__ See |
| |
|
1650 |
__ftp://ftp.astron.com/pub/file__. |
| |
|
1651 |
|
| |
|
1652 |
|
| |
|
1653 |
The Utah Raster Toolkit serves a lot of the same purpose as |
| |
|
1654 |
Netpbm, but without the emphasis on format conversions. This |
| |
|
1655 |
package is based on the RLE format, which you can convert to |
| |
|
1656 |
and from the Netpbm formats. |
| |
|
1657 |
__http://www.cs.utah.edu/research/projects/alpha1/urt.html__ |
| |
|
1658 |
gives some information on the Utah Raster Toolkit, but does |
| |
|
1659 |
not tell where to get it. |
| |
|
1660 |
|
| |
|
1661 |
|
| |
|
1662 |
There are some Netpbm-like graphics tools distributed by the |
| |
|
1663 |
Army High Performance Computing Research Center at |
| |
|
1664 |
__http://www.arc.umn.edu/gvl-software/media-tools.html__. |
| |
|
1665 |
These operate directly on non-Netpbm format images, so they |
| |
|
1666 |
aren't included in the Netpbm package. However, you can use |
| |
|
1667 |
them with any image format by using the Netpbm format |
| |
|
1668 |
converters. |
| |
|
1669 |
|
| |
|
1670 |
|
| |
|
1671 |
__Ivtools__ is a suite of free X Windows drawing editors |
| |
|
1672 |
for Postscript, Tex, and web graphics production, as well as |
| |
|
1673 |
an embeddable and extendable vector graphic shell. It uses |
| |
|
1674 |
the Netpbm facilities. See |
| |
|
1675 |
__http://www.ivtools.org__. |
| |
|
1676 |
|
| |
|
1677 |
|
| |
|
1678 |
__Ilib__ is a C subroutine library with functions for |
| |
|
1679 |
adding text to an image (as you might do at a higher level |
| |
|
1680 |
with __pbmtext__, __pnmcomp__, etc.). It works with |
| |
|
1681 |
Netpbm input and output. Find it at |
| |
|
1682 |
__http://www.radix.net/~cknudsen/Ilib__. Netpbm also |
| |
|
1683 |
includes character drawing functions in the __libppm__ |
| |
|
1684 |
library, but they do not have as fancy font capabilities |
| |
|
1685 |
(see __ppmlabel__ for an example of use of the Netpbm |
| |
|
1686 |
character drawing functions). |
| |
|
1687 |
|
| |
|
1688 |
|
| |
|
1689 |
__pnm2ppa__ converts to HP's |
| |
|
1690 |
__pbmtoppa__ and handles, notably, color. |
| |
|
1691 |
However, it is more of a printer driver than a Netpbm-style |
| |
|
1692 |
primitive graphics building block. See |
| |
|
1693 |
__http://sourceforge.net/project/?group_id=1322__. |
| |
|
1694 |
|
| |
|
1695 |
|
| |
|
1696 |
The program __morph__ morphs one image into another. It |
| |
|
1697 |
uses Targa format images, but you can use __tgatoppm__ |
| |
|
1698 |
and __ppmtotga__ to deal with that format. You have to |
| |
|
1699 |
use the graphical (X/Tk) Xmorph to create the mesh files |
| |
|
1700 |
that you must feed to __morph__. __morph__ is part of |
| |
|
1701 |
the Xmorph package. See |
| |
|
1702 |
__http://www.colorado-research.com/~gourlay/software/Graphics/Xmorph__. |
| |
|
1703 |
|
| |
|
1704 |
|
| |
|
1705 |
To create an animated GIF, or extract a frame from one, use |
| |
|
1706 |
__gifsicle__. __gifsicle__ converts between animated |
| |
|
1707 |
GIF and still GIF, and you can use __ppmtogif__ and |
| |
|
1708 |
__giftopnm__ to connect up to all the Netpbm utilities. |
| |
|
1709 |
See __http://www.lcdf.org/gifsicle__. |
| |
|
1710 |
|
| |
|
1711 |
|
| |
|
1712 |
To convert an image of text to text (optical character |
| |
|
1713 |
recongition - OCR), use __gocr__ (think of it as an |
| |
|
1714 |
inverse of __pbmtext__). See |
| |
|
1715 |
__http://altmark.nat.uni-magdeburg.de/~jschulen/ocr/__. |
| |
|
1716 |
|
| |
|
1717 |
|
| |
|
1718 |
__http://schaik.com/pngsuite__ contains a PNG test suite |
| |
|
1719 |
-- a whole bunch of PNG images exploiting the various |
| |
|
1720 |
features of the PNG format. |
| |
|
1721 |
|
| |
|
1722 |
|
| |
|
1723 |
Another version of __pnmtopng__/__pngtopnm__ is at |
| |
|
1724 |
__http://www.schaik.com/png/pnmtopng.html__. The version |
| |
|
1725 |
in Netpbm was actually based on that package a long time |
| |
|
1726 |
ago, and you can expect to find better exploitation of the |
| |
|
1727 |
PNG format, especially recent enhancements, in that package. |
| |
|
1728 |
It may be a little less consistent with the Netpbm project |
| |
|
1729 |
and less exploitive of recent Netpbm format enhancements, |
| |
|
1730 |
though. |
| |
|
1731 |
|
| |
|
1732 |
|
| |
|
1733 |
__jpegtran__ Does some of the same transformations as |
| |
|
1734 |
Netpbm is famous for, but does them specifically on JPEG |
| |
|
1735 |
files and does them without loss of information. By |
| |
|
1736 |
contrast, if you were to use Netpbm, you would first |
| |
|
1737 |
decompress the JPEG image to Netpbm format, then transform |
| |
|
1738 |
the image, then compress it back to JPEG format. In that |
| |
|
1739 |
recompression, you lose a little image information because |
| |
|
1740 |
JPEG is a lossy compression. __jpegtran__ comes with the |
| |
|
1741 |
Independent Jpeg Group's (http://www.ijg.org) JPEG |
| |
|
1742 |
library. |
| |
|
1743 |
|
| |
|
1744 |
|
| |
|
1745 |
Some tools to deal with EXIF files (see also Netpbm's |
| |
|
1746 |
__jpegtopnm__ and __pnmtojpeg__): To dump (interpret) |
| |
|
1747 |
an EXIF header: Exifdump |
| |
|
1748 |
((http://topo.math.u-psud.fr/~bousch/exifdump.py) or Jhead |
| |
|
1749 |
(http://www.sentex.net/~mwandel/jhead). |
| |
|
1750 |
|
| |
|
1751 |
|
| |
|
1752 |
A Python EXIF library and dumper: |
| |
|
1753 |
http://pyexif.sourceforge.net. |
| |
|
1754 |
|
| |
|
1755 |
|
| |
|
1756 |
__Other Graphics Formats__ |
| |
|
1757 |
|
| |
|
1758 |
|
| |
|
1759 |
People never seem to tire of inventing new graphics formats, |
| |
|
1760 |
often completely redundant with pre-existing ones. Netpbm |
| |
|
1761 |
cannot keep up with them. Here is a list of a few that we |
| |
|
1762 |
know Netpbm does ''not'' handle (yet). |
| |
|
1763 |
|
| |
|
1764 |
|
| |
|
1765 |
CAL (originated by US Department Of Defense, favored by |
| |
|
1766 |
architects). |
| |
|
1767 |
http://www.landfield.com/faqs/graphics/fileformats-faq/part3/section-24.html |
| |
|
1768 |
|
| |
|
1769 |
|
| |
|
1770 |
array formats dx, general, netcdf, CDF, hdf, cm |
| |
|
1771 |
|
| |
|
1772 |
|
| |
|
1773 |
CGM+ |
| |
|
1774 |
|
| |
|
1775 |
|
| |
|
1776 |
Windows Meta File (.WMF). Libwmf converts from WMF to things |
| |
|
1777 |
like Latex, PDF, PNG. Some of these can be input to |
| |
|
1778 |
Netpbm. |
| |
|
1779 |
|
| |
|
1780 |
|
| |
|
1781 |
Microsoft Word, RTF. Microsoft keeps a proprietary hold on |
| |
|
1782 |
these formats. Any software you see that can handle them is |
| |
|
1783 |
likely to cost money. |
| |
|
1784 |
!!HISTORY |
| |
|
1785 |
|
| |
|
1786 |
|
| |
|
1787 |
Netpbm has a long history, starting with Jef Poskanzer's |
| |
|
1788 |
__Pbmplus__ package in 1988. The file ''HISTORY'' in |
| |
|
1789 |
the Netpbm source code contains a historical overview as |
| |
|
1790 |
well as a detailed history release by release. |
| |
|
1791 |
!!AUTHOR |
| |
|
1792 |
|
| |
|
1793 |
|
| |
|
1794 |
__Netpbm__ is based on the __Pbmplus__ package by Jef |
| |
|
1795 |
Poskanzer, first distributed in 1988 and maintained by him |
| |
|
1796 |
until 1991. But the package contains work by countless other |
| |
|
1797 |
authors, added since Jef's original work. In fact, the name |
| |
|
1798 |
is derived from the fact that the work was contributed by |
| |
|
1799 |
people all over the world via the Internet, when such |
| |
|
1800 |
collaboration was still novel enough to merit naming the |
| |
|
1801 |
package after it. |
| |
|
1802 |
|
| |
|
1803 |
|
| |
|
1804 |
Bryan Henderson has been maintaining __Netpbm__ since |
| |
|
1805 |
1999. In addition to packaging work by others, Bryan has |
| |
|
1806 |
also written a significant amount of new material for the |
| |
|
1807 |
package. |
| |
|
1808 |
---- |
