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MAKE |
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!!!MAKE |
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NAME |
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SYNOPSIS |
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WARNING |
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DESCRIPTION |
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OPTIONS |
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SEE ALSO |
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BUGS |
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AUTHOR |
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---- |
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!!NAME |
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make - [GNU] make utility to maintain groups of programs |
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!!SYNOPSIS |
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__make__ [[ __-f__ ''makefile'' ] [[ option ] ... |
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target ... |
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!!WARNING |
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This man page is an extract of the documentation of ''GNU |
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make .'' It is updated only occasionally, because the GNU |
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project does not use nroff. For complete, current |
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documentation, refer to the Info file __make.info__ which |
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is made from the [TexInfo|texinfo(5)] source file |
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__make.texinfo__. |
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!!DESCRIPTION |
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The purpose of the ''make'' utility is to determine |
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automatically which pieces of a large program need to be |
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recompiled, and issue the commands to recompile them. The |
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manual describes the GNU implementation of ''make'', |
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which was written by RichardStallman and Roland !McGrath. |
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Our examples show C programs, since they are most common, |
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but you can use ''make'' with any programming language |
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whose compiler can be run with a shell command. In fact, |
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''make'' is not limited to programs. You can use it to |
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describe any task where some files must be updated |
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automatically from others whenever the others |
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change. |
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To prepare to use ''make'', you must write a file called |
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the ''makefile'' that describes the relationships among |
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files in your program, and the states the commands for |
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updating each file. In a program, typically the executable |
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file is updated from object files, which are in turn made by |
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compiling source files. |
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Once a suitable makefile exists, each time you change some |
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source files, this simple shell command: |
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__make__ |
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suffices to perform all necessary recompilations. The |
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''make'' program uses the makefile data base and the |
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last-modification times of the files to decide which of the |
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files need to be updated. For each of those files, it issues |
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the commands recorded in the data base. |
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''make'' executes commands in the ''makefile'' to |
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update one or more target ''names'', where ''name'' is |
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typically a program. If no __-f__ option is present, |
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''make'' will look for the makefiles ''GNUmakefile'', |
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''makefile'', and ''Makefile'', in that |
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order. |
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Normally you should call your makefile either |
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''makefile'' or ''Makefile''. (We recommend |
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''Makefile'' because it appears prominently near the |
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beginning of a directory listing, right near other important |
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files such as ''README''.) The first name checked, |
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''GNUmakefile'', is not recommended for most makefiles. |
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You should use this name if you have a makefile that is |
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specific to GNU ''make'', and will not be understood by |
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other versions of ''make''. If ''makefile'' is `-', |
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the standard input is read. |
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''make'' updates a target if it depends on prerequisite |
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files that have been modified since the target was last |
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modified, or if the target does not exist. |
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!!OPTIONS |
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__-b__ |
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__-m__ |
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These options are ignored for compatibility with other |
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versions of ''make''. |
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__-C__ ''dir'' |
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Change to directory ''dir'' before reading the makefiles |
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or doing anything else. If multiple __-C__ options are |
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specified, each is interpreted relative to the previous one: |
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__-C__ / __-C__ etc is equivalent to __-C__ /etc. |
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This is typically used with recursive invocations of |
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''make''. |
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__-d__ |
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Print debugging information in addition to normal |
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processing. The debugging information says which files are |
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being considered for remaking, which file-times are being |
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compared and with what results, which files actually need to |
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be remade, which implicit rules are considered and which are |
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applied---everything interesting about how ''make'' |
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decides what to do. |
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__-e__ |
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Give variables taken from the environment precedence over |
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variables from makefiles. |
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__-f__ ''file'' |
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Use ''file'' as a makefile. |
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__-i__ |
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Ignore all errors in commands executed to remake |
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files. |
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__-I__ ''dir'' |
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Specifies a directory ''dir'' to search for included |
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makefiles. If several __-I__ options are used to specify |
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several directories, the directories are searched in the |
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order specified. Unlike the arguments to other flags of |
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''make'', directories given with __-I__ flags may come |
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directly after the flag: __-I__''dir'' is allowed, as |
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well as __-I__ ''dir.'' This syntax is allowed for |
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compatibility with the C preprocessor's __-I__ |
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flag. |
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__-j__ ''jobs'' |
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Specifies the number of jobs (commands) to run |
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simultaneously. If there is more than one __-j__ option, |
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the last one is effective. If the __-j__ option is given |
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without an argument, ''make'' will not limit the number |
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of jobs that can run simultaneously. |
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__-k__ |
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Continue as much as possible after an error. While the |
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target that failed, and those that depend on it, cannot be |
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remade, the other dependencies of these targets can be |
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processed all the same. |
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__-l__ |
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__-l__ ''load'' |
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Specifies that no new jobs (commands) should be started if |
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there are others jobs running and the load average is at |
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least ''load'' (a floating-point number). With no |
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argument, removes a previous load limit. |
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__-n__ |
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Print the commands that would be executed, but do not |
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execute them. |
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__-o__ ''file'' |
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Do not remake the file ''file'' even if it is older than |
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its dependencies, and do not remake anything on account of |
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changes in ''file''. Essentially the file is treated as |
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very old and its rules are ignored. |
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__-p__ |
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Print the data base (rules and variable values) that results |
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from reading the makefiles; then execute as usual or as |
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otherwise specified. This also prints the version |
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information given by the __-v__ switch (see below). To |
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print the data base without trying to remake any files, use |
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__make -p -f__''/dev/null.'' |
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__-q__ |
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``Question mode''. Do not run any commands, or print |
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anything; just return an exit status that is zero if the |
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specified targets are already up to date, nonzero |
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otherwise. |
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__-r__ |
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Eliminate use of the built-in implicit rules. Also clear out |
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the default list of suffixes for suffix rules. |
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__-s__ |
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Silent operation; do not print the commands as they are |
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executed. |
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__-S__ |
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Cancel the effect of the __-k__ option. This is never |
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necessary except in a recursive ''make'' where __-k__ |
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might be inherited from the top-level ''make'' via |
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MAKEFLAGS or if you set __-k__ in MAKEFLAGS in your |
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environment. |
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__-t__ |
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Touch files (mark them up to date without really changing |
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them) instead of running their commands. This is used to |
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pretend that the commands were done, in order to fool future |
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invocations of ''make''. |
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__-v__ |
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Print the version of the ''make'' program plus a |
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copyright, a list of authors and a notice that there is no |
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warranty. |
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__-w__ |
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Print a message containing the working directory before and |
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after other processing. This may be useful for tracking down |
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errors from complicated nests of recursive ''make'' |
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commands. |
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__-W__ ''file'' |
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Pretend that the target ''file'' has just been modified. |
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When used with the __-n__ flag, this shows you what would |
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happen if you were to modify that file. Without __-n__, |
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it is almost the same as running a ''touch'' command on |
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the given file before running ''make'', except that the |
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modification time is changed only in the imagination of |
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''make''. |
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!!SEE ALSO |
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''The GNU Make Manual'' |
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!!BUGS |
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See the chapter `Problems and Bugs' in ''The GNU Make |
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Manual .'' |
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!!AUTHOR |
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StuartYeates |
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This manual page contributed by Dennis Morse of StanfordUniversity. |
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It has been reworked by Roland |
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!McGrath. |
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---- |
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StuartYeates |
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[CategorySoftwareEngineeringTools] |