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LS

LS

NAME SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION AUTHOR REPORTING BUGS COPYRIGHT SEE ALSO


NAME

ls - list directory contents

SYNOPSIS

ls [''OPTION''?... [''FILE''?...

DESCRIPTION

List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default). Sort entries alphabetically if none of -cftuSUX nor --sort.

-a, --all

do not hide entries starting with .

-A, --almost-all

do not list implied . and ..

-b, --escape

print octal escapes for nongraphic characters

--block-size=SIZE

use SIZE-byte blocks

-B, --ignore-backups

do not list implied entries ending with ~

-c

with -lt: sort by, and show, ctime (time of last modification of file status information) with -l: show ctime and sort by name otherwise: sort by ctime

-C

list entries by columns

--color[=''WHEN''?

control whether color is used to distinguish file types. WHEN may be `never', `always', or `auto'

-d, --directory

list directory entries instead of contents

-D, --dired

generate output designed for Emacs' dired mode

-f

do not sort, enable -aU, disable -lst

-F, --classify

append indicator (one of */=@|) to entries

--format=WORD

across -x, commas -m, horizontal -x, long -l, single-column -1, verbose -l, vertical -C

--full-time

list both full date and full time

-g

(ignored)

-G, --no-group

inhibit display of group information

-h, --human-readable

print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)

--si

likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024

-H

same as `--si' for now; soon to change to conform to POSIX

--indicator-style=WORD append indicator with style WORD to entry names:

none (default), classify (-F), file-type (-p)

-i, --inode

print index number of each file

-I, --ignore=PATTERN

do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN

-k, --kilobytes

like --block-size=1024

-l

use a long listing format

-L, --dereference

show file information for referents of symlinks

-m

fill width with a comma separated list of entries

-n, --numeric-uid-gid

list numeric UIDs and GIDs instead of names

-N, --literal

print raw entry names (don't treat e.g. control characters specially)

-o

use long listing format without group info

-p, --file-type

append indicator (one of /=@|) to entries

-q, --hide-control-chars

print ? instead of non graphic characters

--show-control-chars

show non graphic characters as-is (default unless program is `ls' and output is a terminal)

-Q, --quote-name

enclose entry names in double quotes

--quoting-style=WORD

use quoting style WORD for entry names: literal, locale, shell, shell-always, c, escape

-r, --reverse

reverse order while sorting

-R, --recursive

list subdirectories recursively

-s, --size

print size of each file, in blocks

-S

sort by file size

--sort=WORD

extension -X, none -U, size -S, time -t, version -v

status -c, time -t, atime -u, access -u, use -u

--time=WORD

show time as WORD instead of modification time: atime, access, use, ctime or status; use specified time as sort key if --sort=time

-t

sort by modification time

-T, --tabsize=COLS

assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8

-u

with -lt: sort by, and show, access time with -l: show access time and sort by name otherwise: sort by access time

-U

do not sort; list entries in directory order

-v

sort by version

-w, --width=COLS

assume screen width instead of current value

-x

list entries by lines instead of by columns

-X

sort alphabetically by entry extension

-1

list one file per line

--help

display this help and exit

--version

output version information and exit

By default, color is not used to distinguish types of files. That is equivalent to using --colornone. Using the --color option without the optional WHEN argument is equivalent to using --coloralways. With --color=auto, color codes are output only if standard output is connected to a terminal (tty).

AUTHOR

Written by Richard Stallman and David

MacKenzie?.

REPORTING BUGS

Report bugs to

COPYRIGHT

Copyright 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

SEE ALSO

The full documentation for ls is maintained as a Texinfo manual. If the info and ls programs are properly installed at your site, the command

info ls

should give you access to the complete manual.


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