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LOCALE |
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!!!LOCALE |
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NAME |
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SYNOPSIS |
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DESCRIPTION |
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CONFORMS TO |
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SEE ALSO |
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---- |
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!!NAME |
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locale - Description of multi-language support |
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!!SYNOPSIS |
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__#include |
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__ |
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!!DESCRIPTION |
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A locale is a set of language and cultural rules. These |
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cover aspects such as language for messages, different |
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character sets, lexigraphic conventions, etc. A program |
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needs to be able to determine its locale and act accordingly |
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to be portable to different cultures. |
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The header ____ declares data types, |
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functions and macros which are useful in this |
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task. |
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The functions it declares are __setlocale()__ to set the |
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current locale, and __localeconv()__ to get information |
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about number formatting. |
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There are different categories for local information a |
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program might need; they are declared as macros. Using them |
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as the first argument to the __setlocale()__ function, it |
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is possible to set one of these to the desired |
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locale: |
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__LC_COLLATE__ |
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This is used to change the behaviour of the functions |
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__strcoll()__ and __strxfrm()__, which are used to |
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compare strings in the local alphabet. For example, the |
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German sharp s is sorted as __ |
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__LC_CTYPE__ |
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This changes the behaviour of the character handling and |
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classification functions, such as __isupper()__ and |
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__toupper()__, and the multi-byte character functions |
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such as __mblen()__ or __wctomb()__. |
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__LC_MONETARY__ |
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changes the information returned by __localeconv()__ |
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which describes the way numbers are usually printed, with |
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details such as decimal point versus decimal comma. This |
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information is internally used by the function |
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__strfmon()__. |
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__LC_MESSAGES__ |
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changes the language messages are displayed in and how an |
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affirmative or negative answer looks like. The GNU C-library |
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contains the __rpmatch()__ function to ease the use of |
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these information. |
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__LC_NUMERIC__ |
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changes the information used by the __printf()__ and |
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__scanf()__ family of functions, when they are advised to |
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use the locale-settings. This information can also be read |
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with the __localeconv()__ function. |
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__LC_TIME__ |
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changes the behaviour of the __strftime()__ function to |
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display the current time in a locally acceptable form; for |
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example, most of Europe uses a 24-hour clock vs. the US' |
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12-hour clock. |
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__LC_ALL__ |
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All of the above. |
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If the second argument to __setlocale()__ is empty |
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string, ____, for the default locale, it is |
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determined using the following steps: |
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1. |
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If there is a non-null environment variable __LC_ALL__, |
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the value of __LC_ALL__ is used. |
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2. |
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If an environment variable with the same name as one of the |
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categories above exists and is non-null, its value is used |
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for that category. |
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3. |
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If there is a non-null environment variable __LANG__, the |
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value of __LANG__ is used. |
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Values about local numeric formatting is made available in a |
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__struct lconv__ returned by the __localeconv()__ |
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function, which has the following declaration: |
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struct lconv |
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{ |
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/* Numeric (non-monetary) information. */ |
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char *decimal_point; /* Decimal point character. */ |
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char *thousands_sep; /* Thousands separator. */ |
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/* Each element is the number of digits in each group; |
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elements with higher indices are farther left. |
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An element with value CHAR_MAX means that no further grouping is done. |
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An element with value 0 means that the previous element is used |
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for all groups farther left. */ |
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char *grouping; |
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/* Monetary information. */ |
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/* First three chars are a currency symbol from ISO 4217. |
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Fourth char is the separator. Fifth char is ' '. */ |
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char *int_curr_symbol; |
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char *currency_symbol; /* Local currency symbol. */ |
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char *mon_decimal_point; /* Decimal point character. */ |
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char *mon_thousands_sep; /* Thousands separator. */ |
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char *mon_grouping; /* Like `grouping' element (above). */ |
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char *positive_sign; /* Sign for positive values. */ |
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char *negative_sign; /* Sign for negative values. */ |
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char int_frac_digits; /* Int'l fractional digits. */ |
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char frac_digits; /* Local fractional digits. */ |
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/* 1 if currency_symbol precedes a positive value, 0 if succeeds. */ |
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char p_cs_precedes; |
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/* 1 if a space separates currency_symbol from a positive value. */ |
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char p_sep_by_space; |
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/* 1 if currency_symbol precedes a negative value, 0 if succeeds. */ |
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char n_cs_precedes; |
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/* 1 if a space separates currency_symbol from a negative value. */ |
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char n_sep_by_space; |
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/* Positive and negative sign positions: |
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0 Parentheses surround the quantity and currency_symbol. |
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1 The sign string precedes the quantity and currency_symbol. |
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2 The sign string succeeds the quantity and currency_symbol. |
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3 The sign string immediately precedes the currency_symbol. |
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4 The sign string immediately succeeds the currency_symbol. */ |
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char p_sign_posn; |
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char n_sign_posn; |
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}; |
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!!CONFORMS TO |
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POSIX.1 |
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!!SEE ALSO |
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setlocale(3), localeconv(3), locale(1), |
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localedef(1), rpmatch(3), strfmon(3), |
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strcoll(3), strxfrm(3), |
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strftime(3) |
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---- |