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CHOWN !!!CHOWN NAME SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION RETURN VALUE ERRORS NOTES CONFORMING TO RESTRICTIONS SEE ALSO ---- !!NAME chown, fchown, lchown - change ownership of a file !!SYNOPSIS __#include __ #include __ __int chown(const char *__''path''__, uid_t__ ''owner''__, gid_t__ ''group''__); int fchown(int__ ''fd''__, uid_t__ ''owner''__, gid_t__ ''group''__); int lchown(const char *__''path''__, uid_t__ ''owner''__, gid_t__ ''group''__);__ !!DESCRIPTION The owner of the file specified by ''path'' or by ''fd'' is changed. Only the super-user may change the owner of a file. The owner of a file may change the group of the file to any group of which that owner is a member. The super-user may change the group arbitrarily. If the ''owner'' or ''group'' is specified as -1, then that ID is not changed. When the owner or group of an executable file are changed by a non-super-user, the S_ISUID and S_ISGID mode bits are cleared. POSIX does not specify whether this also should happen when root does the ''chown''; the Linux behaviour depends on the kernel version. In case of a non-group-executable file (with clear S_IXGRP bit) the S_ISGID bit indicates mandatory locking, and is not cleared by a ''chown''. !!RETURN VALUE On success, zero is returned. On error, -1 is returned, and ''errno'' is set appropriately. !!ERRORS Depending on the file system, other errors can be returned. The more general errors for __chown__ are listed below: __EPERM__ The effective UID does not match the owner of the file, and is not zero; or the ''owner'' or ''group'' were specified incorrectly. __EROFS__ The named file resides on a read-only file system. __EFAULT__ ''path'' points outside your accessible address space. __ENAMETOOLONG__ ''path'' is too long. __ENOENT__ The file does not exist. __ENOMEM__ Insufficient kernel memory was available. __ENOTDIR__ A component of the path prefix is not a directory. __EACCES__ Search permission is denied on a component of the path prefix. __ELOOP__ Too many symbolic links were encountered in resolving ''path''. The general errors for __fchown__ are listed below: __EBADF__ The descriptor is not valid. __ENOENT__ See above. __EPERM__ See above. __EROFS__ See above. __EIO__ A low-level I/O error occurred while modifying the inode. !!NOTES In versions of Linux prior to 2.1.81 (and distinct from 2.1.46), __chown__ did not follow symbolic links. Since Linux 2.1.81, __chown__ does follow symbolic links, and there is a new system call __lchown__ that does not follow symbolic links. Since Linux 2.1.86, this new call (that has the same semantics as the old __chown__) has got the same syscall number, and __chown__ got the newly introduced number. The prototype for __fchown__ is only available if ___BSD_SOURCE__ is defined (either explicitly, or implicitly, by not defining _POSIX_SOURCE or compiling with the -ansi flag). !!CONFORMING TO The __chown__ call conforms to SVr4, SVID, POSIX, X/OPEN. The 4.4BSD version can only be used by the superuser (that is, ordinary users cannot give away files). SVr4 documents EINVAL, EINTR, ENOLINK and EMULTIHOP returns, but no ENOMEM. POSIX.1 does not document ENOMEM or ELOOP error conditions. The __fchown__ call conforms to 4.4BSD and SVr4. SVr4 documents additional EINVAL, EIO, EINTR, and ENOLINK error conditions. !!RESTRICTIONS The __chown__() semantics are deliberately violated on NFS file systems which have UID mapping enabled. Additionally, the semantics of all system calls which access the file contents are violated, because __chown__() may cause immediate access revocation on already open files. Client side caching may lead to a delay between the time where ownership have been changed to allow access for a user and the time where the file can actually be accessed by the user on other clients. !!SEE ALSO chmod(2), flock(2) ----
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