NAME

jdb - Java debugger

SYNOPSIS

jdb [ ''options''? [ ''class''? [ ''arguments''?

PARAMETERS

options

Command-line options.

class

Name of the class to begin debugging.

arguments

Arguments passed to the main() method of

class.

DESCRIPTION

The Java debugger, jdb, is a simple command-line debugger

for Java classes. It is a demonstration of the Java Platform Debugger Architecture that provides inspection and debugging of a local or remote Java Virtual Machine.

;Starting a jdb Session: There are many ways to start a jdb session. The most frequently used way is to have jdb launch a new Java Virtual Machine (VM) with the main class of the application to be debugged. This is done by substituting the command jdb for java(1)? in the command line. For example, if your application's main class is !MyClass?, you use the following command to debug it under jdb:
example% jdb !MyClass?
When started this way, jdb invokes a second Java VM with any specified parameters, loads the specified class, and stops the VM before executing that class's first instruc­ tion.

Another way to use jdb is by attaching it to a Java VM

that is already running. A VM that is to be debugged with jdb must be started with the following options:

|option|purpose |-Xdebug| Enables debugging support in the VM. |-Xrunjdwp:trans­port=dt_socket,server=y,suspend=n|Loads in-process debugging libraries and specifies the kind of connection to be made.
For example, the following command will run the !MyClass? application and allow jdb to connect to it at a later time:

example% jdb -Xdebug \

• Xrunjdwp:transport=dt_socket,address=8000,server=y,suspend=n

You can then attach jdb to the VM with the following comm­mand:

example% jdb -attach 8000

Note that !MyClass? is not specified in the jdb command line

in this case because jdb is connecting to an existing VM instead of launching a new one.

There are many other ways to connect the debugger to a VM,

and all of them are supported by jdb. The Java Platform Debugger Architecture has additional documentation on these connection options.

;Basic jdb Commands: The following is a list of the basic jdb commands.The Java debugger supports other commands listed with the help command.

Notice that to display local (stack) variables, the class must have been compiled with the javac -g option.

cont

Continues execution of the debugged application after a breakpoint, exception, or step.

dump

For primitive values, this command is identical to print. For objects, it prints the current value of each field defined in the object. Static and instance fields are included.

The dump command supports the same set of expressions as the print command.

help, or ?

As the most important jdb command, help

displays the list of recognized commands with a brief description.

print

Displays Java objects and primitive values.

For variables or fields of primitive types, the actual value is printed. For objects, a short description is printed. See the dump command for getting more information about an object.

print supports many simple Java expressions including those with method invocations. For example:

· print MyClass?.myStaticField · print myObj.myInstanceField · print i + j + k ... where i, j, and k are primitives and either fields or local variables. · print myObj.myMethod() ... if myMethod returns a non-null. · print new java.lang.String("Hello").length()

thread

Selects a thread to be the current thread.

Many jdb commands are based on the setting of the current thread. The thread is spec­ ified with the thread index described in the threads command.

threads

Lists the threads that are currently run­

ning. For each thread, its name and cur­ rent status are printed, as well as an index that can be used for other commands. For example:

4. (java.lang.Thread)0x1 main running

In this example, the thread index is 4, the thread is an instance of java.lang.Thread, the thread name is main, and it is cur­ rently running

run

After starting jdb, and setting any neces­

sary breakpoints, use this command to start the execution of the debugged application. This command is available only when jdb launches the debuggedapplication(as opposed to attaching to an existing VM).

• whereThe where subcommand with no arguments dumps the stack of the current thread (which is set with the thread command). Using where all dumps the stack of all threads in the current thread group. Using where threadindex dumps the stack of the specified thread. If the current thread is suspended (either through an event such as a breakpoint or through the suspend com­ mand), local variables and fields can be displayed with the print and dump commands. The up and down commands select which stack frame is current.

;Breakpoint Commands:

Breakpoints are set in jdb at line numbers or at the first

instruction of a method. For example:

stop at MyClass?:22Sets a breakpoint at the first

instruction for line 22 of the source file containing MyClass?.

stop in java.lang.String.length

Sets a breakpoint at the begin­ ningofthemethod java.lang.String.length.

stop in MyClass?.init init identifies the MyClass? con­

structor.

stop in MyClass?.clinitclinit identifies the static ini­

tialization code for MyClass?.

If a method is overloaded, you must also specify its argu­ment types so that the proper method can be selected for a

breakpoint. For example,

MyClass?.myMethod(int,java.lang.String)

or

MyClass?.myMethod()

The clear command removes breakpoints using a syntax as in

clearMyClass:45. Using the clear command with no argument displays a list of all breakpoints currently set.The cont command continues execution.

;Stepping Commands: The step command advances execution to the next line, whether it is in the current stack frame or a called method.The next command advances execution to the next line in the current stack frame.

;Exception Commands: When an exception occurs for which there is no catch statement anywhere in the throwing thread's call stack, the VM normally prints an exception trace and exits. When running under jdb, however, control returns to jdb at the offending throw. Use jdb to determine the cause of the exception.

catch

Causes the debugged application to stop at

other thrown exceptions. For example:

catch java.io.FileNotFoundException?

or

catch mypackage.BigTroubleException?

Any exception which is an instance of the specified class (or of a subclass) will stop the application at the point where it is thrown.

ignore

Negates the effect of a previous catch command. Notice that the ignore command does

not cause the debugged VM to ignore spe­ cific exceptions, only the debugger.

OPTIONS

When using jdb in place of the Java application launcher

on the command line, jdb accepts many of the same options as the java(1)? command, including -D, -classpath, and

• Xoption.

The following additional options are accepted by jdb:

• sourcepath dir1:dir2:... Uses the given path in searching for source files in the specified path.If this option is not specified, the default path of "." is used.

-attach address

Attaches the debugger to previously runningVM using the default connection mechanism.

-launch

Launches the debugged application immediately upon startup of jdb. This option

removes the need for using the run command. The debuged application is launched and then stopped just before the initial application class is loaded. At that point, you can set any necessary breakpoints and use the cont command to continue execution.

-J option

Pass option to the Java virtual machine,

where option is oneoftheoptions described on the man page for the java application launcher, java(1)?. For example,

• J-Xms48m sets the startup memory to 48

megabytes. It is a common convention for -J to pass options to the underlying virtual machine.

Other options are supported for alternate mechanisms for

connecting the debugger and the VM it is to debug. The Java Platform Debugger Architecture has additional docu­ mentation on these connection alternatives.

SEE ALSO

java(1)?, javac(1)?, javadoc(1)?, javah(1)?, javap(1)?