DEPMOD(D) Linux Module Support DEPMOD(D) NAME depmod - handle dependency descriptions for loadable ker- nel modules SYNOPSIS depmod [-aA] [-ehnqrsuvV] [-C configfile] [-F kernelsyms] [-b basedirectory] [forced_version] depmod [-enqrsuv] [-F kernelsyms] module1.o module2.o ... DESCRIPTION The depmod and modprobe utilities are intended to make a Linux modular kernel manageable for all users, administra- tors and distribution maintainers. Depmod creates a "Makefile"-like dependency file, based on the symbols it finds in the set of modules mentioned on the command line or from the directories specified in the configuration file. This dependency file is later used by modprobe to automatically load the correct module or stack of modules. The normal use of depmod is to include the line /sbin/depmod -a somewhere in the rc-files in /etc/rc.d, so that the cor- rect module dependencies will be available immediately after booting the system. Note that the option -a is now optional. For boot-up purposes, the option -q might be more appropriate since that makes depmod silent about unresolved symbols. It is also possible to create the dependency file immedi- ately after compiling a new kernel. If you do "dep- mod -a 2.2.99" when you have compiled kernel 2.2.99 and its modules the first time, while still running e.g. 2.2.98, the file will be created in the correct place. In this case however, the dependencies on the kernel will not be guaranteed to be correct. See the options -F, -C and -b above for more information on handling this. While building the relationship between modules and the symbols exported by other modules, depmod does not con- sider the GPL status of the modules nor of the exported symbols. That is, depmod will not flag an error if a mod- ule without a GPL compatible license refers to a GPL only symbol (EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL in the kernel). However insmod will refuse to resolve GPL only symbols for non-GPL mod- ules so the actual load will fail. OPTIONS -a, --all Search for modules in all directories specified in the (optional) configuration file /etc/mod- ules.conf. -A, --quick Compare file timestamps and, if necessary, act like depmod -a. This option only updates the dependency file if anything has changed. -e, --errsyms Show all the unresolved symbols for each module. -h, --help Display a summary of options and immediately exit. -n, --show Write the dependency file on stdout instead of in the /lib/modules tree. -q, --quiet Tell depmod to keep quiet and not to complain about missing symbols. -r, --root Some users compile modules under a non-root userid then install the modules as root. This process can leave the modules owned by the non-root userid, even though the modules directory is owned by root. If the non-root userid is compromised, an intruder can overwrite existing modules owned by that userid and use this exposure to bootstrap up to root access. By default, modutils will reject attempts to use a module that is not owned by root. Specifying -r will suppress the error and allow root to load mod- ules that are not owned by root. Use of -r is a major security exposure and is not recommended. -s, --syslog Write all error messages via the syslog daemon instead of stderr. -u, --unresolved-error depmod 2.4 does not set a return code when there are any unresolved symbols. The next major release of modutils (2.5) will set a return code for unre- solved symbols. Some distributions want a non-zero return code in modutils 2.4 but that change might cause problems for users who expect the old behaviour. If you want a non-zero return code in depmod 2.4, specify -u. depmod 2.5 will silently ignore the -u flag and will always give a non-zero return code for unresolved symbols. -v, --verbose Show the name of each module as it is being pro- cessed. -V, --version Display the version of depmod. The following options are useful for people managing dis- tributions: -b basedirectory, --basedir basedirectory If the directory tree /lib/modules containing the sub-trees of modules is moved somewhere else in order to handle modules for a different environ- ment, the -b option tells depmod where to find the moved image of the /lib/modules tree. The file references in the depmod output file that is built, modules.dep, will not contain the basedirectory path. This means that when the file tree is moved back from basedirectory/lib/modules into /lib/mod- ules in the final distribution, all references will be correct. -C configfile, --config configfile Use the file configfile instead of /etc/mod- ules.conf. The environment variable MODULECONF can also be used to select a different configuration file from the default /etc/modules.conf (or /etc/conf.modules (deprecated)). When environment variable UNAME_MACHINE is set, modutils will use its value instead of the machine field from the uname() syscall. This is mainly of use when you are com- piling 64 bit modules in 32 bit user space or vice versa, set UNAME_MACHINE to the type of the modules being built. Current modutils does not support full cross build mode for modules, it is limited to choosing between 32 and 64 bit versions of the host architecture. -F kernelsyms,--filesyms kernelsyms When building dependency files for a different ker- nel than the currently running kernel, it is impor- tant that depmod uses the correct set of kernel symbols to resolve the kernel references in each module. These symbols can either be a copy of Sys- tem.map from the other kernel, or a copy of the output from /proc/ksyms. If your kernel uses ver- sioned symbols, it is best to use a copy of the /proc/ksyms output, since that file contains the symbol versions of the kernel symbols. However you can use a System.map even with versioned symbols. CONFIGURATION The behavior of depmod and modprobe can be adjusted by the (optional) configuration file /etc/modules.conf. See modprobe(e) and modules.conf(f) for a complete description. STRATEGY Each time you compile a new kernel, the command "make mod- ules_install" will create a new directory, but won't change the default. When you get a module unrelated to the kernel distribution you should place it in one of the version-independent directories under /lib/modules. This is the default strategy, which can be overridden in /etc/modules.conf. FILES /etc/modules.conf (alternatively but deprecated /etc/conf.modules) /lib/modules/*/modules.dep, /lib/modules/* SEE ALSO modules.conf(f), modprobe(e), modinfo(o), lsmod(d), ksyms(s) BUGS depmod [ -V | --version ] should exit immediately. Instead, it prints the version information and behaves as if no options were given. AUTHORS Jacques Gelinas (jack@solucorp.qc.ca) Bjorn Ekwall (bj0rn@blox.se) Linux January 26, 2002 DEPMOD(D)