PERLVOS(S) Perl Programmers Reference Guide PERLVOS(S) NAME README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS SYNOPSIS This is a port of Perl version 5 to VOS. Perl is a scripting or macro language that is popular on many sys- tems. See your local computer bookstore for a number of good books on Perl. Stratus POSIX Support Note that there are two different implementations of POSIX.1 support on VOS. There is an alpha version of POSIX that is available from the Stratus anonymous ftp site (ftp://ftp.stra- tus.com/pub/vos/posix/alpha/alpha.html). There is a gen- erally-available version of POSIX that comes with the VOS Standard C compiler and C runtime in VOS Release 14.3.0 or higher. This port of POSIX will compile and bind with either version of POSIX. Most of the Perl features should work on VOS regardless of which version of POSIX that you are using. However, the alpha version of POSIX is missing a number of key func- tions, and therefore any attempt by perl.pm to call the following unimplemented POSIX functions will result in an error message and an immediate and fatal call to the VOS debugger. They are "dup", "fork", and "waitpid". The lack of these functions pretty much prevents you from starting VOS commands and grabbing their output in perl. The workaround is to run the commands outside of perl, then have perl process the output file. These functions are all available in the generally-available version of POSIX. INSTALLING PERL IN VOS Compiling Perl 5 on VOS Before you can build Perl 5 on VOS, you need to have or acquire the following additional items. 1 The VOS Standard C Compiler and Runtime, or the VOS Standard C Cross-Compiler. This is a standard Stra- tus product. 2 Either the VOS OS TCP/IP or STCP product set. If you are building with the alpha version of POSIX you need the OS TCP/IP product set. If you are building with the generally-available version of POSIX you need the STCP product set. These are standard Stratus prod- ucts. 3 Either the alpha or generally-available version of the VOS POSIX.1 environment. The alpha version of POSIX.1 support is available on the Stratus FTP site. Login anonymously to ftp.stra- tus.com and get the file /pub/vos/posix/alpha/posix.save.evf.gz in binary file-transfer mode. Or use the Uniform Resource Locator (URL) ftp://ftp.stra- tus.com/pub/vos/alpha/posix.save.evf.gz from your web browser. Instructions for unbundling this file are at ftp://ftp.stratus.com/pub/vos/utility/util- ity.html. This is not a standard Stratus product. The generally-available version of POSIX.1 support is bundled with the VOS Standard C compiler and Runtime (or Cross-Compiler) in VOS Release 14.3.0 or higher. This is a standard Stratus product. 4 You must compile this version of Perl 5 on VOS Release 14.1.0 or higher because some of the perl source files contain more than 32,767 source lines. Due to VOS release-compatibility rules, this port of perl may not execute on VOS Release 12 or earlier. To build perl 5, change to the "vos" subdirectory and type the command "compile_perl -processor X", where X is the processor type (mc68020, i80860, pa7100, pa8000) that you wish to use. Note that the generally-available version of POSIX.1 support is not available for the mc68020 or i80860 processors. You must have purchased the VOS Standard C Cross Compiler in order to compile perl for a processor type that is dif- ferent from the processor type of the module. Note that code compiled for the pa7100 processor type can execute on the PA7100, PA8000, PA8500 and PA8600 proces- sors, and that code compiled for the pa8000 processor type can execute on the PA8000, PA8500 and PA8600 processors. Installing Perl 5 on VOS 1 Create the directory >system>ported>command_library. 2 Copy the appropriate version of the perl program mod- ule to this directory. For example, with your current directory set to the top-level directory of Perl 5, to install the executable program module for the Motorola 68K architecture, enter: !copy_file vos>obj>perl.pm >system>ported>command_library>* (If you wish to use both Perl version 4 and Perl ver- sion 5, you must give them different names; for exam- ple, perl.pm and perl5.pm). 3 Create the directory >system>ported>perl>lib. 4 Copy all of the files and subdirectories from the lib subdirectory into this new directory. For example, with the current directory set to the top-level direc- tory of the perl distribution, enter: !copy_dir lib >system>ported>perl>lib>5.6 5 While there are currently no architecture-specific extensions or modules distributed with perl, the fol- lowing directories can be used to hold such files: >system>ported>perl>lib>5.6.68k >system>ported>perl>lib>5.6.860 >system>ported>perl>lib>5.6.7100 >system>ported>perl>lib>5.6.8000 6 Site-specific perl extensions and modules can be installed in one of two places. Put architecture- independent files into: >system>ported>perl>lib>site>5.6 Put architecture-dependent files into one of the fol- lowing directories: >system>ported>perl>lib>site>5.6.68k >system>ported>perl>lib>site>5.6.860 >system>ported>perl>lib>site>5.6.7100 >system>ported>perl>lib>site>5.6.8000 7 You can examine the @INC variable from within a perl program to see the order in which Perl searches these directories. USING PERL IN VOS Unimplemented Features If perl is built with the alpha version of VOS POSIX.1 support and if it attempts to call an unimplemented VOS POSIX.1 function, it will print a fatal error message and enter the VOS debugger. This error is not recoverable. See vos_dummies.c for a list of the unimplemented POSIX.1 functions. To see what functions are unimplemented and what the error message looks like, compile and execute "test_vos_dummies.c". Restrictions This port of Perl version 5 to VOS prefers Unix-style, slash-separated pathnames over VOS-style greater-than-sep- arated pathnames. VOS-style pathnames should work in most contexts, but if you have trouble, replace all greater- than characters by slash characters. Because the slash character is used as a pathname delimiter, Perl cannot process VOS pathnames containing a slash character in a directory or file name; these must be renamed. This port of Perl also uses Unix-epoch date values inter- nally. As long as you are dealing with ASCII character string representations of dates, this should not be an issue. The supported epoch is January 1, 1980 to January 17, 2038. See the file pod/perlport.pod for more information about the VOS port of Perl. SUPPORT STATUS I'm offering this port "as is". You can ask me questions, but I can't guarantee I'll be able to answer them. There are some excellent books available on the Perl language; consult a book seller. AUTHOR Paul Green (Paul_Green@stratus.com) LAST UPDATE February 13, 2001 perl v5.6.1 2001-03-03 PERLVOS(S)