PERLTOC(C) Perl Programmers Reference Guide PERLTOC(C) NAME perltoc - perl documentation table of contents DESCRIPTION This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped through to locate the proper section you're looking for. BASIC DOCUMENTATION perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION AVAILABILITY ENVIRONMENT AUTHOR FILES SEE ALSO DIAGNOSTICS BUGS NOTES perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 1999/05/23 20:38:02 $) DESCRIPTION perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ. perlfaq1: General Questions About Perl perlfaq2: Obtaining and Learning about Perl perlfaq3: Programming Tools perlfaq4: Data Manipulation perlfaq5: Files and Formats perlfaq6: Regexps perlfaq7: General Perl Language Issues perlfaq8: System Interaction perlfaq9: Networking About the perlfaq documents Where to get the perlfaq How to contribute to the perlfaq What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the authors Credits Author and Copyright Information Bundled Distributions Disclaimer Changes 1/November/2000, 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98, 24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version, Initial Release: 11/March/97 perlbook - Perl book information DESCRIPTION perlsyn - Perl syntax DESCRIPTION Declarations Simple statements Compound statements Loop Control For Loops Foreach Loops Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements Goto PODs: Embedded Documentation Plain Old Comments (Not!) perldata - Perl data types DESCRIPTION Variable names Context Scalar values Scalar value constructors List value constructors Slices Typeglobs and Filehandles SEE ALSO perlop - Perl operators and precedence SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Terms and List Operators (Leftward) The Arrow Operator Auto-increment and Auto-decrement Exponentiation Symbolic Unary Operators Binding Operators Multiplicative Operators Additive Operators Shift Operators Named Unary Operators Relational Operators Equality Operators Bitwise And Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or C-style Logical And C-style Logical Or Range Operators Conditional Operator Assignment Operators Comma Operator List Operators (Rightward) Logical Not Logical And Logical or and Exclusive Or C Operators Missing From Perl unary &, unary *, (TYPE) Quote and Quote-like Operators Regexp Quote-Like Operators ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, 'STRING', qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/, s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, y/SEARCH- LIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds Gory details of parsing quoted constructs Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation, "<<'EOF'", "m''", "s'''", "tr///", "y///", '', "q//", "", ``, "qq//", "qx//", "<file*glob>", "?RE?", "/RE/", "m/RE/", "s/RE/foo/",, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of regular expressions I/O Operators Constant Folding Bitwise String Operators Integer Arithmetic Floating-point Arithmetic Bigger Numbers perlsub - Perl subroutines SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Private Variables via my() Persistent Private Variables Temporary Values via local() Lvalue subroutines Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs) When to Still Use local() Pass by Reference Prototypes Constant Functions Overriding Built-in Functions Autoloading Subroutine Attributes SEE ALSO perlfunc - Perl builtin functions DESCRIPTION Perl Functions by Category Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expres- sions and pattern matching, Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data, Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories, Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process groups, Keywords related to perl mod- ules, Keywords related to classes and object-ori- entedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network info, Time- related functions, Functions new in perl5, Func- tions obsoleted in perl5 Portability Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions -X FILEHANDLE, -X EXPR, -X, abs VALUE, abs, accept NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME, binmode FILEHANDLE, DISCIPLINE, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASS- NAME, bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER, chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILE- HANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE, connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(E), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump, each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST, exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHAN- DLE, getc, getlogin, getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetby- name NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID, get- grgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getpro- tobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getp- went, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getpro- toent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAY- OPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPT- NAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, import, index STR,SUB- STR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST, last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUE- SIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR, lock, log EXPR, log, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRIBUTES, next LABEL, next, no Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,LIST, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE, package, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/, qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHAN- DLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read FILEHAN- DLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR, readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo, ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VER- SION, require EXPR, require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEM- NUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPT- NAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY, shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socket- pair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST, sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFF- SET,LENGTH, splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK, substr EXPR,OFF- SET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHAN- DLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek FILEHANDLE,POSI- TION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, syswrite FILEHAN- DLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHAN- DLE, tie VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR, ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST, use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST, values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantar- ray, warn LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y/// perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references DESCRIPTION Who Needs Complicated Data Structures? The Solution Syntax Making References Using References An Example Arrow Rule Solution The Rest Summary Credits Distribution Conditions perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook DESCRIPTION arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes, more elaborate constructs REFERENCES COMMON MISTAKES CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS "use strict" DEBUGGING CODE EXAMPLES ARRAYS OF ARRAYS Declaration of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS Generation of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS HASHES OF ARRAYS Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS ARRAYS OF HASHES Declaration of a ARRAY OF HASHES Generation of a ARRAY OF HASHES Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF HASHES HASHES OF HASHES Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES Generation of a HASH OF HASHES Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES MORE ELABORATE RECORDS Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS Database Ties SEE ALSO AUTHOR perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start DESCRIPTION The Guide Simple word matching Using character classes Matching this or that Grouping things and hierarchical matching Extracting matches Matching repetitions More matching Search and replace The split operator BUGS SEE ALSO AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT Acknowledgments perlpod - plain old documentation DESCRIPTION Verbatim Paragraph Command Paragraph Ordinary Block of Text The Intent Embedding Pods in Perl Modules Common Pod Pitfalls SEE ALSO AUTHOR perlstyle - Perl style guide DESCRIPTION perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary DESCRIPTION Awk Traps C Traps Sed Traps Shell Traps Perl Traps Perl4 to Perl5 Traps Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts, Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc, Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinu- ance, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix, Dis- continuance, Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinu- ance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance Parsing Traps Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing Numerical Traps Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops General data type traps (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String), (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide) Context Traps - scalar, list contexts (list context), (scalar context), (scalar con- text), (list, builtin) Precedence Traps Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc. Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expres- sion, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Reg- ular Expression Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle OS Traps (SysV), (SysV) Interpolation Traps Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation DBM Traps DBM, DBM Unclassified Traps "require"/"do" trap using returned value, "split" on empty string with LIMIT specified perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION #! and quoting on non-Unix systems OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS Location of Perl Command Switches -0[digits], -a, -C, -c, -d, -d:foo[=bar,baz], -Dletters, -Dnumber, -e commandline, -Fpattern, -h, -i[extension], -Idirectory, -l[octnum], -m[-]module, -M[-]module, -M[-]'module ...', -[mM][-]module=arg[,arg]..., -n, -p, -P, -s, -S, -T, -u, -U, -v, -V, -V:name, -w, -W, -X, -x direc- tory ENVIRONMENT HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL, PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port) perldiag - various Perl diagnostics DESCRIPTION perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings DESCRIPTION Default Warnings and Optional Warnings What's wrong with -w and $^W Controlling Warnings from the Command Line -w, -W, -X Backward Compatibility Category Hierarchy Fatal Warnings Reporting Warnings from a Module TODO SEE ALSO AUTHOR perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial DESCRIPTION use strict Looking at data and -w and w help Stepping through code Placeholder for a, w, t, T REGULAR EXPRESSIONS OUTPUT TIPS CGI GUIs SUMMARY SEE ALSO AUTHOR CONTRIBUTORS perldebug - Perl debugging DESCRIPTION The Perl Debugger Debugger Commands h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pat- tern?, L, S [[!]regex], t, t expr, b [line] [con- dition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname [condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line] command, a [line], A, W expr, W, O booloption .., O anyoption? .., O option=value .., < ?, < [ command ], << command, > ?, > command, >> command, { ?, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! cmd, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, man [manpage] Configurable Options "recallCommand", "ShellBang", "pager", "tkRun- ning", "signalLevel", "warnLevel", "dieLevel", "AutoTrace", "LineInfo", "inhibit_exit", "Print- Ret", "ornaments", "frame", "maxTraceLen", "array- Depth", "hashDepth", "compactDump", "veryCompact", "globPrint", "DumpDBFiles", "DumpPackages", "DumpReused", "quote", "HighBit", "undefPrint", "UsageOnly", "TTY", "noTTY", "ReadLine", "NonStop" Debugger input/output Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame listing Debugging compile-time statements Debugger Customization Readline Support Editor Support for Debugging The Perl Profiler Debugging regular expressions Debugging memory usage SEE ALSO BUGS perlvar - Perl predefined variables DESCRIPTION Predefined Names $ARG, $_, $<digits>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $', $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*, input_line_number HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $, input_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/, autoflush HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|, output_field_separa- tor HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,, output_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, $OUT- PUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#, format_page_number HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUM- BER, $%, format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR, $FOR- MAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=, format_lines_left HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START, @-, $` is the same as "substr($var, 0, $-[0])", $& is the same as "substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0])", $' is the same as "substr($var, $+[0])", $1 is the same as "substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])", $2 is the same as "substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])", $3 is the same as "substr $var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])", format_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~, format_top_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^, format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, format_formfeed HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, $EFFEC- TIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYS- TEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEP- TIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S, $BASETIME, $^T, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARN- ING_BITS}, ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXE- CUTABLE_NAME, $^X, $ARGV, @ARGV, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr} Error Indicators Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names BUGS perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl DESCRIPTION Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays Growing Your Own Access and Printing Slices SEE ALSO AUTHOR perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl DESCRIPTION Open A la shell Simple Opens Pipe Opens The Minus File Mixing Reads and Writes Filters Open A la C Permissions A la mode Obscure Open Tricks Re-Opening Files (dups) Dispelling the Dweomer Paths as Opens Single Argument Open Playing with STDIN and STDOUT Other I/O Issues Opening Non-File Files Binary Files File Locking SEE ALSO AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT HISTORY perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial DESCRIPTION Part 1: The basics Simple word matching Using character classes Matching this or that Grouping things and hierarchical matching Extracting matches Matching repetitions Building a regexp Using regular expressions in Perl Part 2: Power tools More on characters, strings, and character classes Compiling and saving regular expressions Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expres- sion Non-capturing groupings Looking ahead and looking behind Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtrack- ing Conditional expressions A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression Pragmas and debugging BUGS SEE ALSO AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT Acknowledgments perlre - Perl regular expressions DESCRIPTION i, m, s, x Regular Expressions cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit Extended Patterns "(?#text)", "(?imsx-imsx)", "(?:pattern)", "(?imsx-imsx:pattern)", "(?=pattern)", "(?!pat- tern)", "(?<=pattern)", "(?<!pattern)", "(?{ code })", "(??{ code })", "(?>pattern)", "(?(condi- tion)yes-pattern|no-pattern)", "(?(condi- tion)yes-pattern)" Backtracking Version 8 Regular Expressions Warning on \1 vs $1 Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring Combining pieces together "ST", "S|T", "S{REPEAT_COUNT}", "S{min,max}", "S{min,max}?", "S?", "S*", "S+", "S??", "S*?", "S+?", "(?>S)", "(?=S)", "(?<=S)", "(?!S)", "(?<!S)", "(??{ EXPR })", "(?(condition)yes-pat- tern|no-pattern)" Creating custom RE engines BUGS SEE ALSO perlref - Perl references and nested data structures NOTE DESCRIPTION Making References Using References Symbolic references Not-so-symbolic references Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash Function Templates WARNING SEE ALSO perlform - Perl formats DESCRIPTION Format Variables NOTES Footers Accessing Formatting Internals WARNINGS perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial DESCRIPTION If we could talk to the animals... Introducing the method invocation arrow Invoking a barnyard The extra parameter of method invocation Calling a second method to simplify things Inheriting the windpipes A few notes about @ISA Overriding the methods Starting the search from a different place The SUPER way of doing things Where we're at so far... A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it? Invoking an instance method Accessing the instance data How to build a horse Inheriting the constructor Making a method work with either classes or instances Adding parameters to a method More interesting instances A horse of a different color Summary SEE ALSO COPYRIGHT perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl DESCRIPTION Creating a Class Object Representation Class Interface Constructors and Instance Methods Planning for the Future: Better Constructors Destructors Other Object Methods Class Data Accessing Class Data Debugging Methods Class Destructors Documenting the Interface Aggregation Inheritance Overridden Methods Multiple Inheritance UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects Alternate Object Representations Arrays as Objects Closures as Objects AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods Autoloaded Data Methods Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods Metaclassical Tools Class::Struct Data Members as Variables NOTES Object Terminology SEE ALSO AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT COPYRIGHT Acknowledgments perltootc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl DESCRIPTION Class Data in a Can Class Data as Package Variables Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket Inheritance Concerns The Eponymous Meta-Object Indirect References to Class Data Monadic Classes Translucent Attributes Class Data as Lexical Variables Privacy and Responsibility File-Scoped Lexicals More Inheritance Concerns Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key Translucency Revisited NOTES SEE ALSO AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS HISTORY perlobj - Perl objects DESCRIPTION An Object is Simply a Reference A Class is Simply a Package A Method is Simply a Subroutine Method Invocation WARNING Default UNIVERSAL methods isa(a), can(n), VERSION( [NEED] ) Destructors Summary Two-Phased Garbage Collection SEE ALSO perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT) DESCRIPTION OO SCALING TIPS INSTANCE VARIABLES SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM THINKING OF CODE REUSE CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR DELEGATION perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Tying Scalars TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this, DESTROY this Tying Arrays TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value, FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY this Tying Hashes USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this Tying FileHandles TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this, DESTROY this UNTIE this The "untie" Gotcha SEE ALSO BUGS AUTHOR perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes, safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores) DESCRIPTION Signals Named Pipes WARNING Using open() for IPC Filehandles Background Processes Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent Safe Pipe Opens Bidirectional Communication with Another Process Bidirectional Communication with Yourself Sockets: Client/Server Communication Internet Line Terminators Internet TCP Clients and Servers Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers TCP Clients with IO::Socket A Simple Client "Proto", "PeerAddr", "PeerPort" A Webget Client Interactive Client with IO::Socket TCP Servers with IO::Socket Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse UDP: Message Passing SysV IPC NOTES BUGS AUTHOR SEE ALSO perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to change) SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-pro- cesses $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept filenames, wait() and wait- pid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to files, directories and network sockets Resource limits Killing the parent process Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented, Global state main- tained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger application, Thread-safety of extensions BUGS AUTHOR SEE ALSO perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Storing numbers Numeric operators and numeric conversions Flavors of Perl numeric operations Arithmetic operators except, "no integer", Arithmetic operators except, "use integer", Bitwise operators, "no integer", Bitwise operators, "use integer", Opera- tors which expect an integer, Operators which expect a string AUTHOR SEE ALSO perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl DESCRIPTION What Is A Thread Anyway? Threaded Program Models Boss/Worker Work Crew Pipeline Native threads What kind of threads are perl threads? Threadsafe Modules Thread Basics Basic Thread Support Creating Threads Giving up control Waiting For A Thread To Exit Errors In Threads Ignoring A Thread Threads And Data Shared And Unshared Data Thread Pitfall: Races Controlling access: lock() Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks Queues: Passing Data Around Threads And Code Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines Subroutine Locks Methods Locking A Subroutine General Thread Utility Routines What Thread Am I In? Thread IDs Are These Threads The Same? What Threads Are Running? A Complete Example Conclusion Bibliography Introductory Texts OS-Related References Other References Acknowledgements AUTHOR Copyrights perlport - Writing portable Perl DESCRIPTION Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already is portable ISSUES Newlines Numbers endianness and Width Files and Filesystems System Interaction Interprocess Communication (IPC) External Subroutines (XS) Standard Modules Time and Date Character sets and character encoding Internationalisation System Resources Security Style CPAN Testers Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results: http://testers.cpan.org/ PLATFORMS Unix DOS and Derivatives Mac OS VMS VOS EBCDIC Platforms Acorn RISC OS Other perls FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions -X FILEHANDLE, -X EXPR, -X, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec LIST, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getpro- tobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getp- went, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getpro- toent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAY- OPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsock- opt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, symlink OLD- FILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen FILEHAN- DLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, trun- cate FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS CHANGES v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000, v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998, v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998 Supported Platforms SEE ALSO AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS VERSION perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and localization) DESCRIPTION PREPARING TO USE LOCALES USING LOCALES The use locale pragma The setlocale function Finding locales LOCALE PROBLEMS Temporarily fixing locale problems Permanently fixing locale problems Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration Fixing system locale configuration The localeconv function LOCALE CATEGORIES Category LC_COLLATE: Collation Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts LC_TIME Other categories SECURITY ENVIRONMENT PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY, LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG NOTES Backward compatibility I18N:Collate obsolete Sort speed and memory use impacts write() and LC_NUMERIC Freely available locale definitions I18n and l10n An imperfect standard BUGS Broken systems SEE ALSO HISTORY perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl (EXPERIMENTAL, sub- ject to change) DESCRIPTION Important Caveat Input and Output Disciplines, Regular Expressions, "use utf8" still needed to enable a few features Byte and Character semantics Effects of character semantics Character encodings for input and output CAVEATS SEE ALSO perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms DESCRIPTION COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS ASCII ISO 8859 Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1) EBCDIC 13 variant characters 0037 1047 POSIX-BC SINGLE OCTET TABLES recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4 IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS CONVERSIONS tr/// iconv C RTL OPERATOR DIFFERENCES FUNCTION DIFFERENCES chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack() REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES SOCKETS SORTING Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences. MONO CASE then sort data. Convert, sort data, then re convert. Perform sorting on one type of machine only. TRANFORMATION FORMATS URL decoding and encoding uu encoding and decoding Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding Caesarian cyphers Hashing order and checksums I18N AND L10N MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS OS ISSUES OS/400 IFS access OS/390 chcp, dataset access, OS/390 iconv, locales VM/ESA? POSIX-BC? BUGS SEE ALSO REFERENCES AUTHOR perlsec - Perl security DESCRIPTION Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data Switches On the "#!" Line Cleaning Up Your Path Security Bugs Protecting Your Programs SEE ALSO perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables) DESCRIPTION Packages Symbol Tables Package Constructors and Destructors Perl Classes Perl Modules SEE ALSO perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones DESCRIPTION THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY Pragmatic Modules attributes, attrs, autouse, base, blib, bytes, charnames, constant, diagnostics, fields, filetest, integer, less, lib, locale, open, ops, overload, re, sigtrap, strict, subs, utf8, vars, warnings, warnings::register Standard Modules AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp, CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::Struct, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, DirHandle, Dumpvalue, English, Env, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtU- tils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtU- tils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtU- tils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtU- tils::MM_Win32, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtU- tils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtU- tils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtU- tils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename, File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find, File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Epoc, File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, File- Cache, FileHandle, FindBin, GDBM_File, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, I18N::Collate, IO, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::Big- Int, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Net::Ping, Net::hostent, Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, Opcode, POSIX, Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser, Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Overstrike, Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Symbol, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Har- ness, Text::Abbrev, Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Thread, Thread::Queue, Thread::Semaphore, Thread::Signal, Thread::Specific, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::Sub- strHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, User::grent, User::pwent, Win32 Extension Modules CPAN Africa Asia Central America Europe North America Oceania South America Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse Guidelines for Module Creation Adding a Copyright Notice Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules Guidelines for Reusing Application Code NOTE perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules DESCRIPTION PREAMBLE DECOMPRESS the file, UNPACK the file into a direc- tory, BUILD the module (sometimes unnecessary), INSTALL the module PORTABILITY HEY AUTHOR COPYRIGHT perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution DESCRIPTION Warning What should I make into a module? Step-by-step: Preparing the ground Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again Step-by-step: Making the module Start with h2xs, Use strict and warnings, Use Carp, Use Exporter - wisely!, Use plain old docu- mentation, Write tests, Write the README Step-by-step: Distributing your module Get a CPAN user ID, "perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist", Upload the tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs! AUTHOR SEE ALSO perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.23 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $) DESCRIPTION What is Perl? Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free? Which version of Perl should I use? What are perl4 and perl5? What is perl6? How stable is Perl? Is Perl difficult to learn? How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX, Scheme, or Tcl? Can I do [task] in Perl? When shouldn't I program in Perl? What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"? Is it a Perl program or a Perl script? What is a JAPH? Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms? How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version 5/5.005/Perl instead of some other lan- guage? AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.32 $, $Date: 1999/10/14 18:46:09 $) DESCRIPTION What machines support Perl? Where do I get it? How can I get a binary version of Perl? I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl? I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts don't work. I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work? What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN? What does CPAN/src/... mean? Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl? Where can I get information on Perl? What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions? Where should I post source code? Perl Books References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Top- ics Perl in Magazines Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access What mailing lists are there for Perl? Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl? Where do I send bug reports? What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $) DESCRIPTION How do I do (anything)? How can I use Perl interactively? Is there a Perl shell? How do I debug my Perl programs? How do I profile my Perl programs? How do I cross-reference my Perl programs? Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl? Is there a ctags for Perl? Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor? CodeMagicCD, Komodo, The Object System, PerlBuilder, Perl code magic, visiPerl+, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright, MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha Where can I get Perl macros for vi? Where can I get perl-mode for emacs? How can I use curses with Perl? How can I use X or Tk with Perl? How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk? What is undump? How can I make my Perl program run faster? How can I make my Perl program take less memory? Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data? How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks? How can I make my CGI script more efficient? How can I hide the source for my Perl program? How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C? How can I compile Perl into Java? How can I get "#!perl" to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]? Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line? Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS sys- tem? Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl? Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl program- ming? Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp] I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in my C program; what am I doing wrong? When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it mean? What's MakeMaker? AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.49 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 20:37:49 $) DESCRIPTION Data: Numbers Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)? Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly? Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()? Trig functions? How do I convert bits into ints? Why doesn't & work the way I want it to? How do I multiply matrices? How do I perform an operation on a series of integers? How can I output Roman numerals? Why aren't my random numbers random? Data: Dates How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year? How do I find the current century or millennium? How can I compare two dates and find the difference? How can I take a string and turn it into epoch sec- onds? How can I find the Julian Day? How do I find yesterday's date? Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K com- pliant? Data: Strings How do I validate input? How do I unescape a string? How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters? How do I expand function calls in a string? How do I find matching/nesting anything? How do I reverse a string? How do I expand tabs in a string? How do I reformat a paragraph? How can I access/change the first N letters of a string? How do I change the Nth occurrence of something? How can I count the number of occurrences of a sub- string within a string? How do I capitalize all the words on one line? How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside [character]? (Comma-separated files) How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string? How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes? How do I extract selected columns from a string? How do I find the soundex value of a string? How can I expand variables in text strings? What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"? Why don't my <<HERE documents work? 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of the tag Data: Arrays What is the difference between a list and an array? What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]? How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array? a), b), c), d), e) How can I tell whether a list or array contains a cer- tain element? How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the intersection of two arrays? How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal? How do I find the first array element for which a con- dition is true? How do I handle linked lists? How do I handle circular lists? How do I shuffle an array randomly? How do I process/modify each element of an array? How do I select a random element from an array? How do I permute N elements of a list? How do I sort an array by (anything)? How do I manipulate arrays of bits? Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes? Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays) How do I process an entire hash? What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over it? How do I look up a hash element by value? How can I know how many entries are in a hash? How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)? How can I always keep my hash sorted? What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes? Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists dis- tinction? How do I reset an each() operation part-way through? How can I get the unique keys from two hashes? How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file? How can I make my hash remember the order I put ele- ments into it? Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create it? How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or array of hashes or arrays? How can I use a reference as a hash key? Data: Misc How do I handle binary data correctly? How do I determine whether a scalar is a num- ber/whole/integer/float? How do I keep persistent data across program calls? How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure? How do I define methods for every class/object? How do I verify a credit card checksum? How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code? AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $) DESCRIPTION How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this? How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file? How do I count the number of lines in a file? How do I make a temporary file name? How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files? How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles? How can I use a filehandle indirectly? How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()? How can I write() into a string? How can I output my numbers with commas added? How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename? How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out? Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>? Is there a leak/bug in glob()? How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks? How can I reliably rename a file? How can I lock a file? Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")? I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in the file. How can I do this? How do I randomly update a binary file? How do I get a file's timestamp in perl? How do I set a file's timestamp in perl? How do I print to more than one file at once? How can I read in an entire file all at once? How can I read in a file by paragraphs? How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard? How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle? How do I do a "tail -f" in perl? How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl? How do I close a file descriptor by number? Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't `C:\temp\foo.exe` work? Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files? Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does "-i" clobber protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl? How do I select a random line from a file? Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines? AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT perlfaq6 - Regexes ($Revision: 1.27 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $) DESCRIPTION How can I hope to use regular expressions without cre- ating illegible and unmaintainable code? Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong? How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on different lines? I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong? How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving case on the RHS? How can I make "\w" match national character sets? How can I match a locale-smart version of "/[a-zA-Z]/"? How can I quote a variable to use in a regex? What is "/o" really for? How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a file? Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text? What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it? How do I process each word on each line? How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary? How can I do approximate matching? How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once? Why don't word-boundary searches with "\b" work for me? Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down? What good is "\G" in a regular expression? Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compli- ant? What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context? How can I match strings with multibyte characters? How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user? AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.28 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 20:36:18 $) DESCRIPTION Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language? What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to use them? Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and commas? How do I skip some return values? How do I temporarily block warnings? What's an extension? Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators? How do I declare/create a structure? How do I create a module? How do I create a class? How can I tell if a variable is tainted? What's a closure? What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it? How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method, Regex}? Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehan- dles, Passing Regexes, Passing Methods How do I create a static variable? What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping? Between local() and my()? How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical is in scope? What's the difference between deep and shallow bind- ing? Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right? How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method? What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()? How do I create a switch or case statement? How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/func- tions/methods? Why can't a method included in this same file be found? How can I find out my current package? How can I comment out a large block of perl code? How do I clear a package? How can I use a variable as a variable name? AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.39 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 18:37:57 $) DESCRIPTION How do I find out which operating system I'm running under? How come exec() doesn't return? How do I do fancy stuff with the key- board/screen/mouse? Keyboard, Screen, Mouse How do I print something out in color? How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key? How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard? How do I clear the screen? How do I get the screen size? How do I ask the user for a password? How do I read and write the serial port? lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input How do I decode encrypted password files? How do I start a process in the background? STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies How do I trap control characters/signals? How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system? How do I set the time and date? How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second? How can I measure time under a second? How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling) Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean? How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl? Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()? Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel prob- lems? How can I open a pipe both to and from a command? Why can't I get the output of a command with system()? How can I capture STDERR from an external command? Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails? What's wrong with using backticks in a void context? How can I call backticks without shell processing? Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix, ^Z on MS-DOS)? How can I convert my shell script to perl? Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session? How can I write expect in Perl? Is there a way to hide perl's command line from pro- grams such as "ps"? I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my changes to be vis- ible? Unix How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to complete? How do I fork a daemon process? How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not? How do I timeout a slow event? How do I set CPU limits? How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system? How do I use an SQL database? How do I make a system() exit on control-C? How do I open a file without blocking? How do I install a module from CPAN? What's the difference between require and use? How do I keep my own module/library directory? How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library search path? How do I add a directory to my include path at run- time? What is socket.ph and where do I get it? AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.26 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $) DESCRIPTION My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500 Server Error) How can I get better error messages from a CGI pro- gram? How do I remove HTML from a string? How do I extract URLs? How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a file on another machine? How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML? How do I fetch an HTML file? How do I automate an HTML form submission? How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web? How do I redirect to another page? How do I put a password on my web pages? How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl? How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my CGI script to do bad things? How do I parse a mail header? How do I decode a CGI form? How do I check a valid mail address? How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string? How do I return the user's mail address? How do I send mail? How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail mes- sage? How do I read mail? How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address? How do I fetch a news article or the active news- groups? How do I fetch/put an FTP file? How can I do RPC in Perl? AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator DESCRIPTION Layout B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref Using The Back Ends The Cross Referencing Back End i, &, s, r The Decompiling Back End The Lint Back End The Simple C Back End The Bytecode Back End The Optimized C Back End B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref KNOWN PROBLEMS AUTHOR perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program DESCRIPTION PREAMBLE Use C from Perl?, Use a Unix program from Perl?, Use Perl from Perl?, Use C from C?, Use Perl from C? ROADMAP Compiling your C program Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program Maintaining a persistent interpreter Maintaining multiple interpreter instances Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C program Embedding Perl under Win32 MORAL AUTHOR COPYRIGHT perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging DESCRIPTION Debugger Internals Writing Your Own Debugger Frame Listing Output Examples Debugging regular expressions Compile-time output "anchored" STRING "at" POS, "floating" STRING "at" POS1..POS2, "matching floating/anchored", "minlen", "stclass" TYPE, "noscan", "isall", "GPOS", "plus", "implicit", "with eval", "anchored(d)" Types of nodes Run-time output Debugging Perl memory usage Using $ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS} "buckets SMALLEST(T)..GREATEST(T)", Free/Used, "Total sbrk(): SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINU- OUS", "pad: 0", "heads: 2192", "chain: 0", "tail: 6144" Example of using -DL switch 717, 002, 054, 602, 702, 704 -DL details "!!!", "!!", "!" Limitations of -DL statistics SEE ALSO perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs DESCRIPTION SPECIAL NOTES make Version caveat Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading TUTORIAL EXAMPLE 1 EXAMPLE 2 What has gone on? Writing good test scripts EXAMPLE 3 What's new here? Input and Output Parameters The XSUBPP Program The TYPEMAP file Warning about Output Arguments EXAMPLE 4 What has happened here? Anatomy of .xs file Getting the fat out of XSUBs More about XSUB arguments The Argument Stack Extending your Extension Documenting your Extension Installing your Extension EXAMPLE 5 New Things in this Example EXAMPLE 6 New Things in this Example EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon) EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon) EXAMPLE 9 (Coming Soon) Troubleshooting these Examples See also Author Last Changed perlxs - XS language reference manual DESCRIPTION Introduction On The Road The Anatomy of an XSUB The Argument Stack The RETVAL Variable The MODULE Keyword The PACKAGE Keyword The PREFIX Keyword The OUTPUT: Keyword The NO_OUTPUT Keyword The CODE: Keyword The INIT: Keyword The NO_INIT Keyword Initializing Function Parameters Default Parameter Values The PREINIT: Keyword The SCOPE: Keyword The INPUT: Keyword The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords Variable-length Parameter Lists The C_ARGS: Keyword The PPCODE: Keyword Returning Undef And Empty Lists The REQUIRE: Keyword The CLEANUP: Keyword The POST_CALL: Keyword The BOOT: Keyword The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword The PROTOTYPES: Keyword The PROTOTYPE: Keyword The ALIAS: Keyword The INTERFACE: Keyword The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword The INCLUDE: Keyword The CASE: Keyword The & Unary Operator Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives Using XS With C++ Interface Strategy Perl Objects And C Structures The Typemap EXAMPLES XS VERSION AUTHOR perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions DESCRIPTION Conventions "t", "p", "n", "s" File Operations File Input and Output File Positioning Memory Management and String Handling Character Class Tests stdlib.h functions Miscellaneous functions SEE ALSO perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API DESCRIPTION Variables Datatypes What is an "IV"? Working with SVs Offsets What's Really Stored in an SV? Working with AVs Working with HVs Hash API Extensions References Blessed References and Class Objects Creating New Variables Reference Counts and Mortality Stashes and Globs Double-Typed SVs Magic Variables Assigning Magic Magic Virtual Tables Finding Magic Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays Localizing changes "SAVEINT(int i)", "SAVEIV(IV i)", "SAVEI32(I32 i)", "SAVELONG(long i)", SAVESPTR(R), SAVEPPTR(R), "SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)", "SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV *sv)", "SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)", SAVEFREEPV(V), "SAVE- CLEARSV(SV *sv)", "SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)", "SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTOR- FUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p)", "SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)", "SAVESTACK_POS()", "SV* save_scalar(GV *gv)", "AV* save_ary(GV *gv)", "HV* save_hash(GV *gv)", "void save_item(SV *item)", "void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)", "SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)", "void save_aptr(AV **aptr)", "void save_hptr(HV **hptr)" Subroutines XSUBs and the Argument Stack Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs Memory Allocation PerlIO Putting a C value on Perl stack Scratchpads Scratchpads and recursion Compiled code Code tree Examining the tree Compile pass 1: check routines Compile pass 1a: constant folding Compile pass 2: context propagation Compile pass 3: peephole optimization Examining internal data structures with the "dump" func- tions How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT So what happened to dTHR? How do I use all this in extensions? Should I do anything special if I call perl from mul- tiple threads? Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS Internal Functions A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, j, x Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer Source Documentation Unicode Support What is Unicode, anyway? How can I recognise a UTF8 string? How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters? How does Perl store UTF8 strings? How do I convert a string to UTF8? Is there anything else I need to know? AUTHORS SEE ALSO perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C DESCRIPTION An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv FLAG VALUES G_VOID G_SCALAR G_ARRAY G_DISCARD G_NOARGS G_EVAL G_KEEPERR Determining the Context KNOWN PROBLEMS EXAMPLES No Parameters, Nothing returned Passing Parameters Returning a Scalar Returning a list of values Returning a list in a scalar context Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list Using G_EVAL Using G_KEEPERR Using call_sv Using call_argv Using call_method Using GIMME_V Using Perl to dispose of temporaries Strategies for storing Callback Context Information 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl callback Alternate Stack Manipulation Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C SEE ALSO AUTHOR DATE perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution DESCRIPTION DOCUMENTATION perldoc, pod2man and pod2text, pod2html and pod2latex, pod2usage, podselect, podchecker, splain, roffitall CONVERTORS a2p, s2p, find2perl Development perlbug, h2ph, c2ph and pstruct, h2xs, dprofpp, perlcc SEE ALSO perlfilter - Source Filters DESCRIPTION CONCEPTS USING FILTERS WRITING A SOURCE FILTER WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C Decryption Filters CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER CONCLUSION REQUIREMENTS AUTHOR Copyrights perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION filter_store_key, filter_store_value, filter_fetch_key, filter_fetch_value The Filter An Example -- the NULL termination problem. Another Example -- Key is a C int. SEE ALSO AUTHOR perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API DESCRIPTION AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill, av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift, bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, call_argv, call_method, call_pv, call_sv, CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH, dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, dXSARGS, dXSI32, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv, EXTEND, fbm_compile, fbm_instr, FREETMPS, get_av, get_cv, get_hv, get_sv, GIMME, GIMME_V, GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeS- VKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string, items, ix, LEAVE, looks_like_number, MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set, Move, New, newAV, Newc, newCONSTSUB, newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, NEWSV, newSViv, newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVrv, newSVsv, newSVuv, newXS, newXSproto, Newz, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv, ORIGMARK, perl_alloc, perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run, PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp, POPs, PUSHi, PUSH- MARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu, PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, require_pv, RETVAL, Safefree, savepv, savepvn, SAVETMPS, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, StructCopy, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGETMAGIC, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV, SvIOK_UV, SvIV, SvIVX, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVX, SvPV_force, SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSTASH, SvTAINT, SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, svtype, SvTYPE, SVt_IV, SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SvUPGRADE, SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVX, sv_2mortal, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_cat- pvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear, sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_dec, sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_free, sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert, sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_len, sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_mortal- copy, sv_newmortal, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_reftype, sv_replace, sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, sv_set- pvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg, sv_set- pvn, sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, sv_true, sv_unmagic, sv_unref, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg, sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode, sv_utf8_upgrade, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn, THIS, toLOWER, toUPPER, utf8_distance, utf8_hop, utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes, utf8_to_uv, utf8_to_uv_simple, uv_to_utf8, warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XS, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK, Zero AUTHORS SEE ALSO perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely inter- nal Perl functions DESCRIPTION is_gv_magical, LVRET, PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn, PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv, PL_rs AUTHORS SEE ALSO perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface. SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION PerlIO *, PerlIO_stdin(), PerlIO_stdout(), Per- lIO_stderr(), PerlIO_open(path, mode), Per- lIO_fdopen(fd,mode), PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...), Per- lIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a), PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...), Per- lIO_read(f,buf,count), PerlIO_write(f,buf,count), Per- lIO_close(e), PerlIO_puts(f,s), PerlIO_putc(f,c), Per- lIO_ungetc(f,c), PerlIO_getc(c), PerlIO_eof(f), Per- lIO_error(r), PerlIO_fileno(o), PerlIO_clearerr(r), PerlIO_flush(h), PerlIO_tell(l), PerlIO_seek(f,o,w), PerlIO_getpos(f,p), PerlIO_setpos(f,p), Per- lIO_rewind(d), PerlIO_tmpfile() Co-existence with stdio PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags), PerlIO_export- FILE(f,flags), PerlIO_findFILE(E), PerlIO_release- FILE(p,f), PerlIO_setlinebuf(f), Per- lIO_has_cntptr(r), PerlIO_get_ptr(r), Per- lIO_get_cnt(t), PerlIO_canset_cnt(t), Per- lIO_fast_gets(s), PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c), Per- lIO_set_cnt(f,c), PerlIO_has_base(e), Per- lIO_get_base(e), PerlIO_get_bufsiz(z) perltodo - Perl TO-DO List DESCRIPTION Infrastructure Mailing list archives Bug tracking system Regression Tests Coverage, Regression, __DIE__, suidperl, The 25% slowdown from perl4 to perl5 Configure Install HTML Perl Language 64-bit Perl Prototypes Named prototypes, Indirect objects, Method calls, Context, Scoped subs Perl Internals magic_setisa Garbage Collection Reliable signals Alternate runops() for signal despatch, Figure out how to die() in delayed sighandler, Add tests for Thread::Signal, Automatic tests against CPAN Interpolated regex performance bugs Memory leaks from failed eval/regcomp Make XS easier to use Make embedded Perl easier to use Namespace cleanup MULTIPLICITY MacPerl Documentation A clear division into tutorial and reference Remove the artificial distinction between operators and functions More tutorials Regular expressions, I/O, pack/unpack, Debugging Include a search tool Include a locate tool Separate function manpages by default Users can't find the manpages Install ALL Documentation Outstanding issues to be documented Adapt www.linuxhq.com for Perl Replace man with a perl program Unicode tutorial Modules Update the POSIX extension to conform with the POSIX 1003.1 Edition 2 Module versions New modules Profiler Tie Modules VecArray, SubstrArray, VirtualArray, ShiftSplice Procedural options RPC y2k localtime/gmtime Export File::Find variables Ioctl Debugger attach/detach Regular Expression debugger Alternative RE Syntax Bundled modules Expect GUI::Native Update semibroken auxiliary tools; h2ph, a2p, etc. pod2html Podchecker Tom's Wishes Webperl Mobile agents POSIX on non-POSIX Portable installations Win32 Stuff Rename new headers to be consistent with the rest Sort out the spawnvp() mess Work out DLL versioning Style-check Would be nice to have "pack "(stuff)*"", Contiguous bitfields in pack/unpack, lexperl, Bundled perl preprocessor, Use posix calls internally where possible, format BOTTOM, -i rename file only when successfully changed, All ARGV input should act like <>, report HANDLE [for- mats], support in perlmain to rerun debugger, lvalue functions Possible pragmas 'less' Optimizations constant function cache foreach(reverse...) Cache eval tree rcatmaybe Shrink opcode tables Cache hash value Optimize away @_ where possible Optimize sort by { $a <=> $b } Rewrite regexp parser for better integrated optimiza- tion Vague possibilities ref function in list context, make tr/// return his- togram in list context?, Loop control on do{} et al, Explicit switch statements, compile to real threaded code, structured types, Modifiable $1 et al To Do Or Not To Do Making my() work on "package" variables "or" testing defined not truth "dynamic" lexicals "class"-based, rather than package-based "lexicals" Threading Modules Testing $AUTOLOAD exit/die External threads Thread::Pool thread-safety Per-thread GVs Compiler Optimization Byteperl Precompiled modules Executables Typed lexicals Win32 END blocks _AUTOLOAD comppadlist Cached compilation Recently Finished Tasks Figure a way out of $^(capital letter) Filenames Foreign lines Namespace cleanup ISA.pm gettimeofday autocroak? perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals DESCRIPTION Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does it preclude other desirable features?, Is the imple- mentation robust?, Is the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is there enough documenta- tion?, Is there another way to do it?, Does it create too much work?, Patches speak louder than words Keeping in sync rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the NFS, rsync'ing the patches Why rsync the source tree It's easier, It's more recent, It's more reliable Why rsync the patches It's easier, It's a good reference, Finding a start point, Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour Submitting patches perlguts, perlxstut and perlxs, perlapi, Port- ing/pumpkin.pod, The perl5-porters FAQ Finding Your Way Around Core modules, Documentation, Configure, Inter- preter Elements of the interpreter Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running Internal Variable Types Op Trees Stacks Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack Millions of Macros Poking at Perl Using a source-level debugger run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue, finish, 'enter', print Dumping Perl Data Structures Patching EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL Rational Software's Purify Purify on Unix -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymal- loc, -Dusemultiplicity Purify on NT DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug CONCLUSION The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began. AUTHOR perlhist - the Perl history records DESCRIPTION INTRODUCTION THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN PUMPKIN? THE RECORDS SELECTED RELEASE SIZES SELECTED PATCH SIZES THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS perldelta - what's new for perl v5.6 DESCRIPTION Summary of changes between 5.6.0 and 5.6.1 Security Issues Core bug fixes "UNIVERSAL::isa()", Memory leaks, Numeric conver- sions, qw(a\\b), caller(), Bugs in regular expres- sions, "slurp" mode, Autovivification of symbolic references to special variables, Lexical warnings, Spurious warnings and errors, glob(), Tainting, sort(), #line directives, Subroutine prototypes, map(), Debugger, Locales, PERL5OPT, chop(), Uni- code support, 64-bit support, Compiler, Lvalue subroutines, IO::Socket, File::Find, xsubpp, "no Module;", Tests Core features Configuration issues Documentation Bundled modules B::Concise, File::Temp, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Text::Overstrike, CGI, CPAN, Class::Struct, DB_File, Devel::Peek, File::Find, Getopt::Long, IO::Poll, IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::Com- plex, Net::Ping, Opcode, Pod::Parser, Pod::Text, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Sub- strHash Platform-specific improvements NCR MP-RAS, NonStop-UX Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency Lexically scoped warning categories Unicode and UTF-8 support Support for interpolating named characters "our" declarations Support for strings represented as a vector of ordi- nals Improved Perl version numbering system New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes File and directory handles can be autovivified open() with more than two arguments 64-bit support Large file support Long doubles "more bits" Enhanced support for sort() subroutines "sort $coderef @foo" allowed File globbing implemented internally Support for CHECK blocks POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported Better pseudo-random number generator Improved "qw//" operator Better worst-case behavior of hashes pack() format 'Z' supported pack() format modifier '!' supported pack() and unpack() support counted strings Comments in pack() templates Weak references Binary numbers supported Lvalue subroutines Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues exists() is supported on subroutine names exists() and delete() are supported on array elements Pseudo-hashes work better Automatic flushing of output buffers Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle opera- tions Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle eof() has the same old magic as <> binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes "-T" filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text" system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure Improved diagnostics Diagnostics follow STDERR More consistent close-on-exec behavior syswrite() ease-of-use Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators Bit operators support full native integer width Improved security features More functional bareword prototype (*) "require" and "do" may be overridden $^X variables may now have names longer than one char- acter New variable $^C reflects "-c" switch New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string Optional Y2K warnings Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings Modules and Pragmata Modules attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper, DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English, Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec, File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker, podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podse- lect, Pod::Usage, pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname, Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters Pragmata Utility Changes dprofpp find2perl h2xs perlcc perldoc The Perl Debugger Improved Documentation perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbm- filter.pod, perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perl- fork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod, perlin- tern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopen- tut.pod, perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod Performance enhancements Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized Optimized assignments to lexical variables Faster subroutine calls delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster Installation and Configuration Improvements -Dusethreads means something different New Configure flags Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring Long Doubles -Dusemorebits -Duselargefiles installusrbinperl SOCKS support "-A" flag Enhanced Installation Directories gcc automatically tried if 'cc' does not seem to be working Platform specific changes Supported platforms DOS OS390 (OpenEdition MVS) VMS Win32 Significant bug fixes <HANDLE> on empty files "eval '...'" improvements All compilation errors are true errors Implicitly closed filehandles are safer Behavior of list slices is more consistent "(\$)" prototype and $foo{a} "goto &sub" and AUTOLOAD "-bareword" allowed under "use integer" Failures in DESTROY() Locale bugs fixed Memory leaks Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls Taint failures under "-U" END blocks and the "-c" switch Potential to leak DATA filehandles New or Changed Diagnostics "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet implemented, "our" variable %s rede- clared, '!' allowed only after types %s, / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word: %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional, Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s", Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default, Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference, con- stant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated, defined(%hash) is dep- recated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable, Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill- formed message in prime_env_iter: |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute: %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub", No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our", No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref, panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing around "%s" list, Possible unin- tended interpolation of %s in string, Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS" instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows, Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored, Refer- ence is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode '%s', Unknown process %x sent mes- sage to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute list, Unterminated attribute list, Untermi- nated attribute parameter in subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number New tests Incompatible Changes Perl Source Incompatibilities CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed, Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form 1.2.3 parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, "undef" fails on read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles, Writing "$$1" to mean "${$}1" is unsupported, delete(), each(), values() and "\(%h)", vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of- two BITS, Text of some diagnostic output has changed, "%@" has been removed, Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword prototype "(*)" have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed on 64-bit plat- forms, More builtins taint their results C Source Incompatibilities "PERL_POLLUTE", "PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT", "PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC" Compatible C Source API Changes "PATCHLEVEL" is now "PERL_VERSION" Binary Incompatibilities Known Problems Localizing a tied hash element may leak memory Known test failures 64-bit builds, Failure of Thread tests, NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure, Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with gcc EBCDIC platforms not fully supported UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run Arrow operator and arrays Experimental features Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subrou- tines, Weak references, The pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file globbing, The DB module, The regular expres- sion code constructs: Obsolete Diagnostics Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean "${$}<digit>" is dep- recated Reporting Bugs SEE ALSO HISTORY perl5005delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.005 DESCRIPTION About the new versioning system Incompatible Changes WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004. Default installation structure has changed Perl Source Compatibility C Source Compatibility Binary Compatibility Security fixes may affect compatibility Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004 Licensing Core Changes Threads Compiler Regular Expressions Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other improvements, Incompatible changes Improved malloc() Quicksort is internally implemented Reliable signals Reliable stack pointers More generous treatment of carriage returns Memory leaks Better support for multiple interpreters Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined "%!" is transparently tied to the Errno module Pseudo-hashes are supported "EXPR foreach EXPR" is supported Keywords can be globally overridden $^E is meaningful on Win32 "foreach (1..1000000)" optimized "Foo::" can be used as implicitly quoted package name "exists $Foo::{Bar::}" tests existence of a package Better locale support Experimental support for 64-bit platforms prototype() returns useful results on builtins Extended support for exception handling Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods All "printf" format conversions are handled internally New "INIT" keyword New "lock" keyword New "qr//" operator "our" is now a reserved word Tied arrays are now fully supported Tied handles support is better 4th argument to substr Negative LENGTH argument to splice Magic lvalues are now more magical <> now reads in records Supported Platforms New Platforms Changes in existing support Modules and Pragmata New Modules B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle, Thread, attrs, fields, re Changes in existing modules Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File, MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd Utility Changes Documentation Changes New Diagnostics Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element, Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions, Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s: Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recur- sive inheritance detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Set- ting locale failed Obsolete Diagnostics Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for -e: %s, Cannot open temporary file, regexp too big Configuration Changes BUGS SEE ALSO HISTORY perl5004delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.004 DESCRIPTION Supported Environments Core Changes List assignment to %ENV works Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003 $PERL5OPT environment variable Limitations on -M, -m, and -T options More precise warnings Deprecated: Inherited "AUTOLOAD" for non-methods Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable Subroutine arguments created only when they're modi- fied Group vector changeable with $) Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc. Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc. No resetting of $. on implicit close "wantarray" may return undef "eval EXPR" determines value of EXPR in scalar context Changes to tainting checks No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name New Opcode module and revised Safe module Embedding improvements Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface New and changed syntax $coderef->(PARAMS) New and changed builtin constants __PACKAGE__ New and changed builtin variables $^E, $^H, $^M New and changed builtin functions delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module VERSION LIST, prototype(e), srand, $_ as Default, "m//gc" does not reset search position on failure, "m//x" ignores whitespace before ?*+{}, nested "sub{}" closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals New builtin methods isa(a), can(n), VERSION( [NEED] ) TIEHANDLE now supported TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this Malloc enhancements -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements Support for More Operating Systems Win32 Plan 9 QNX AmigaOS Pragmata use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish Modules Required Updates Installation directories Module information summary Fcntl IO Math::Complex Math::Trig DB_File Net::Ping Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators Utility Changes pod2html Sends converted HTML to standard output xsubpp "void" XSUBs now default to returning nothing C Language API Changes "gv_fetchmethod" and "perl_call_sv", "perl_eval_pv", Extended API for manipulating hashes Documentation Changes perldelta, perlfaq, perllocale, perltoot, perlapio, perlmodlib, perldebug, perlsec New Diagnostics "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use refer- ence as lvalue in substr, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort sub- routine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in use, Cannot resolve method `%s' over- loading `%s' in package `%s', Constant subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT: %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number, internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once: possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to sep- arate words with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "-T" option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean "${$}<digit>" is depre- cated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(), Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared, Warning: something's wrong, Ill- formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too long, Process terminated by SIG%s BUGS SEE ALSO HISTORY perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems DESCRIPTION Compiling Perl 5 on AIX OS level Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX The IBM ANSI C Compiler Using GNU's gcc for building perl Using Large Files with Perl Threaded Perl 64-bit Perl GDBM and Threads NFS filesystems and utime(e) AUTHOR DATE perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Prerequisites Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library, Ver- sion of Amiga OS Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS INSTALLATION Accessing documentation Manpages HTML GNU "info" files "LaTeX" docs BUILD Prerequisites Getting the perl source Making sh Configure -Dprefix=/ade -Dloclibpth=/ade/lib Testing Installing the built perl AUTHORS SEE ALSO perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000. SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION gzip bison Unpacking Compiling Testing Install Using Perl in the Posix-Shell Using Perl in "native" BS2000 Floating point anomalies AUTHORS SEE ALSO Mailing list HISTORY perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin SYNOPSIS PREREQUISITES Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it) Cygwin Configuration "PATH", nroff, Permissions CONFIGURE Strip Binaries Optional Libraries "-lcrypt", "-lgdbm" ("use GDBM_File"), "-ldb" ("use DB_File"), "-lcygipc" ("use IPC::SysV") Configure-time Options "-Uusedl", "-Uusemymalloc", "-Dusemultiplicity", "-Duseperlio", "-Duse64bitint", "-Duselongdouble", "-Dusethreads", "-Duselargefiles" Suspicious Warnings dlsym(), Win9x and "d_eofnblk", Compiler/Prepro- cessor defines MAKE Warnings ld2 TEST File Permissions Hard Links Filetime Granularity Tainting Checks /etc/group Script Portability Pathnames, Text/Binary, .exe, chown(), Miscella- neous INSTALL MANIFEST Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts BUGS AUTHORS HISTORY perldos - Perl under DOS, W31, W95. SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Prerequisites DJGPP, Pthreads Shortcomings of Perl under DOS Building Testing Installation BUILDING AND INSTALLING MODULES Prerequisites Unpacking CPAN Modules Building Non-XS Modules Building XS Modules AUTHOR SEE ALSO perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC SYNOPSIS INTRODUCTION INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC STARTING PERL ON EPOC STOPPING PERL ON EPOC USING PERL ON EPOC I/O Redirection PATH Names Editors Features Restrictions Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environ- ment SUPPORT STATUS AUTHOR LAST UPDATE perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix (HP-UX) systems DESCRIPTION Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX PA-RISC PA-RISC 1.0 PA-RISC 1.1 PA-RISC 2.0 Portability Between PA-RISC Versions Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX The HP ANSI C Compiler Using Large Files with Perl Threaded Perl 64-bit Perl GDBM and Threads NFS filesystems and utime(e) perl -P and // AUTHOR DATE perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen systems DESCRIPTION Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen Failures during "make test" op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t Building external modules AUTHOR DATE perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic) SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION AUTHOR DATE perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE SYNOPSIS What's New System Requirements How to Obtain Perl/iX Distribution Contents Highlights README, public_html/feedback.cgi, 4, 6 Getting Started with Perl/iX MPE/iX Implementation Considerations Change History perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT. SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Target Other OSes Prerequisites EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...) Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl Frequently asked questions "It does not work" I cannot run external programs I cannot embed perl into my program, or use perl.dll from my program. Is your program EMX-compiled with "-Zmt -Zcrt- dll"?, Did you use ExtUtils::Embed? `` and pipe-"open" do not work under DOS. Cannot start "find.exe "pattern" file" INSTALLATION Automatic binary installation "PERL_BADLANG", "PERL_BADFREE", Config.pm Manual binary installation Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable (statically linked), Executa- bles for Perl utilities, Main Perl library, Addi- tional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl mod- ules, Manpages for Perl and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation, Perl manual in .INF format, Pdksh Warning Accessing documentation OS/2 .INF file Plain text Manpages HTML GNU "info" files .PDF files "LaTeX" docs BUILD The short story Prerequisites Getting perl source Application of the patches Hand-editing Making Testing A lot of "bad free", Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, op/fs.t, op/stat.t Installing the built perl "a.out"-style build Build FAQ Some "/" became "\" in pdksh. 'errno' - unresolved external Problems with tr or sed Some problem (forget which ;-) Library ... not found Segfault in make op/sprintf test failure Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port "setpriority", "getpriority" "system()" "extproc" on the first line Additional modules: Prebuilt methods: "File::Copy::syscopy", "DynaLoader::mod2fname", "Cwd::current_drive()", "Cwd::sys_chdir(r)", "Cwd::change_drive(e)", "Cwd::sys_is_abso- lute(e)", "Cwd::sys_is_rooted(d)", "Cwd::sys_is_rela- tive(e)", "Cwd::sys_cwd(d)", "Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)", "Cwd::extLibpath([type])", "Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )", "OS2::Error(do_harder- ror,do_exception)", "OS2::Errors2Drive(e)", OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), "OS2::Mor- phPM(M)", "OS2::UnMorphPM(M)", "OS2::Serve_Messages(s)", "OS2::Process_Mes- sages(force [, cnt])", "OS2::_con- trol87(new,mask)", OS2::get_control87(), "OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM)" Prebuilt variables: $OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver Misfeatures Modifications "popen", "tmpnam", "tmpfile", "ctermid", "stat", "mkdir", "rmdir", "flock" Identifying DLLs Centralized management of resources "HAB", "HMQ" Perl flavors perl.exe perl_.exe perl__.exe perl___.exe Why strange names? Why dynamic linking? Why chimera build? ENVIRONMENT "PERLLIB_PREFIX" "PERL_BADLANG" "PERL_BADFREE" "PERL_SH_DIR" "USE_PERL_FLOCK" "TMP" or "TEMP" Evolution Priorities DLL name mangling Threading Calls to external programs Memory allocation Threads "COND_WAIT", os2.c AUTHOR SEE ALSO perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390. SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Unpacking Setup and utilities Configure Build, test, install build anomalies testing anomalies installation anomalies Usage Hints Floating point anomalies Modules and Extensions AUTHORS SEE ALSO Mailing list HISTORY perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems DESCRIPTION Solaris Version Numbers. RESOURCES Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documenta- tion SETTING UP File Extraction Problems. Compiler and Related Tools. Environment RUN CONFIGURE. 64-bit Issues. Threads. Malloc Issues. MAKE PROBLEMS. Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal: relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found MAKE TEST op/stat.t test 4 PREBUILT BINARIES. RUNTIME ISSUES. Limits on Numbers of Open Files. SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES. SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES. Proc::ProcessTable BSD::Resource Net::SSLeay AUTHOR LAST MODIFIED perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA. SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Unpacking Setup and utilities Configure Don't turn on the compiler optimization flag "-O". There's a bug in the compiler (APAR PQ18812) that generates some bad code the optimizer is on, As VM/ESA doesn't fully support the fork() API pro- grams relying on this call will not work. I've replaced fork()/exec() with spawn() and the stan- dalone exec() with spawn(). This has a side effect when opening unnamed pipes in a shell script: there is no child process generated under testing anomalies Usage Hints When using perl on VM/ESA please keep in mind that the EBCDIC and ASCII character sets are different. Perl builtin functions that may behave differently under EBCDIC are mentioned in the perlport.pod document. AUTHORS SEE ALSO Mailing list perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl DESCRIPTION Installation Organization of Perl Images Core Images Perl Extensions Installing static extensions Installing dynamic extensions File specifications Syntax Wildcard expansion Pipes PERL5LIB and PERLLIB Command line I/O redirection and backgrounding Command line switches -i, -S, -u Perl functions File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump, exec LIST, fork, getpwent, get- pwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS Perl variables %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $^S, $| Standard modules with VMS-specific differences SDBM_File Revision date AUTHOR perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS SYNOPSIS Stratus POSIX Support INSTALLING PERL IN VOS Compiling Perl 5 on VOS Installing Perl 5 on VOS USING PERL IN VOS Unimplemented Features Restrictions SUPPORT STATUS AUTHOR LAST UPDATE perlwin32 - Perl under Win32 SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Setting Up Make, Command Shell, Borland C++, Microsoft Visual C++, Mingw32 with GCC Building Testing Installation Usage Hints Environment Variables, File Globbing, Using perl from the command line, Building Extensions, Com- mand-line Wildcard Expansion, Win32 Specific Extensions, Running Perl Scripts, Miscellaneous Things BUGS AND CAVEATS AUTHORS Gary Ng <71564.1743@CompuServe.COM>, Gurusamy Sarathy <gsar@activestate.com>, Nick Ing-Simmons <nick@ni-s.u-net.com> SEE ALSO HISTORY PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated) SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION method, locked re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Built-in Attributes locked, method, lvalue Available Subroutines get, reftype Package-specific Attribute Handling FETCH_type_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_type_ATTRIBUTES Syntax of Attribute Lists EXPORTS Default exports Available exports Export tags defined EXAMPLES SEE ALSO attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated) SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION method, locked autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION WARNING AUTHOR SEE ALSO base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at com- pile time SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION HISTORY SEE ALSO blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION BUGS AUTHOR bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character semantics SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION SEE ALSO charnames - define character names for "\N{named}" string literal escape. SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CUSTOM TRANSLATORS BUGS constant - Perl pragma to declare constants SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION NOTES TECHNICAL NOTE BUGS AUTHOR COPYRIGHT diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warn- ing diagnostics SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION The "diagnostics" Pragma The splain Program EXAMPLES INTERNALS BUGS AUTHOR fields - compile-time class fields SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION new, phash SEE ALSO filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION subpragma access integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating point SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION lib - manipulate @INC at compile time SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Adding directories to @INC Deleting directories from @INC Restoring original @INC SEE ALSO AUTHOR locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in operations SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION open - perl pragma to set default disciplines for input and output SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION UNIMPLEMENTED FUNCTIONALITY SEE ALSO ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when com- piling SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION SEE ALSO overload - Package for overloading perl operations SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Declaration of overloaded functions Calling Conventions for Binary Operations FALSE, TRUE, "undef" Calling Conventions for Unary Operations Calling Conventions for Mutators "++" and "--", "x=" and other assignment versions Overloadable Operations Arithmetic operations, Comparison operations, Bit operations, Increment and decrement, Transcenden- tal functions, Boolean, string and numeric conver- sion, Iteration, Dereferencing, Special Inheritance and overloading Strings as values of "use overload" directive, Overloading of an operation is inherited by derived classes SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR "use overload" Last Resort Fallback "undef", TRUE, defined, but FALSE Copy Constructor Example MAGIC AUTOGENERATION Assignment forms of arithmetic operations, Conversion operations, Increment and decrement, "abs($a)", Unary minus, Negation, Concatenation, Comparison operations, Iterator, Dereferencing, Copy operator Losing overloading Run-time Overloading Public functions overload::StrVal(l), overload::Overloaded(d), overload::Method(obj,op) Overloading constants integer, float, binary, q, qr IMPLEMENTATION Metaphor clash Cookbook Two-face scalars Two-face references Symbolic calculator Really symbolic calculator AUTHOR DIAGNOSTICS Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable type, `%s' is not a code refer- ence BUGS re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION OPTIONS SIGNAL HANDLERS stack-trace, die, handler your-handler SIGNAL LISTS normal-signals, error-signals, old-interface-sig- nals OTHER untrapped, any, signal, number EXAMPLES strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION "strict refs", "strict vars", "strict subs" subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 in source code SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION SEE ALSO vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete) SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warn- ings::enabled($category), warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message), warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message), warn- ings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message), warnings::warnif($object, $message) warnings::register - warnings import function MODULE DOCUMENTATION AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION DBM Comparisons [0], [1], [2], [3] SEE ALSO AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Subroutine Stubs Using AutoLoader's AUTOLOAD Subroutine Overriding AutoLoader's AUTOLOAD Subroutine Package Lexicals Not Using AutoLoader AutoLoader vs. SelfLoader CAVEATS SEE ALSO AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION $keep, $check, $modtime Multiple packages DIAGNOSTICS B - The Perl Compiler SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION OVERVIEW OF CLASSES SV-RELATED CLASSES B::SV METHODS REFCNT, FLAGS B::IV METHODS IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv B::NV METHODS NV, NVX B::RV METHODS RV B::PV METHODS PV, PVX B::PVMG METHODS MAGIC, SvSTASH B::MAGIC METHODS MOREMAGIC, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR B::PVLV METHODS TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG B::BM METHODS USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE B::GV METHODS is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN, LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS B::IO METHODS LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV, BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS B::AV METHODS FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS B::CV METHODS STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUT- SIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY, CvFLAGS B::HV METHODS FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY OP-RELATED CLASSES B::OP METHODS next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private B::UNOP METHOD first B::BINOP METHOD last B::LOGOP METHOD other B::LISTOP METHOD children B::PMOP METHODS pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmpermflags, precomp B::SVOP METHOD sv, gv B::PADOP METHOD padix B::PVOP METHOD pv B::LOOP METHODS redoop, nextop, lastop B::COP METHODS label, stash, file, cop_seq, arybase, line FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY "B" main_cv, init_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist, sv_undef, sv_yes, sv_no, amagic_generation, walkop- tree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(g), walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE), svref_2object(t), ppname(e), hash(h), cast_I32(2), minus_c, cstring(g), class(s), threadsv_names AUTHOR B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate bytecode SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION AUTHOR B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION AUTHORS B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION AUTHOR B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION OPTIONS -ofilename, -afilename, --, -f, -fcompress-nullops, -fomit-sequence-numbers, -fbypass-nullops, -On, -D, -Do, -Db, -Da, -DC, -S, -upackage Stores package in the output. =back EXAMPLES BUGS AUTHORS B::C - Perl compiler's C backend SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION OPTIONS -ofilename, -v, --, -uPackname, -D, -Do, -Dc, -DA, -DC, -DM, -f, -fcog, -fno-cog, -On, -llimit EXAMPLES BUGS AUTHOR B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION OPTIONS -ofilename, -v, --, -uPackname, -mModulename, -D, -Dr, -DO, -Ds, -Dp, -Dq, -Dl, -Dt, -f, -ffreetmps-each-bblock, -ffreetmps-each-loop, -fomit-taint, -On EXAMPLES BUGS DIFFERENCES Loops Context of ".." Arithmetic Deprecated features AUTHOR B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION OPTIONS -basic, -exec, -tree, -compact, -loose, -vt, -ascii, -main, -basen, -bigendian, -littleendian, -concise, -terse, -linenoise, -debug, -env FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS (x(exec_text;basic_text)x), (*(text)*), (*(text1;text2)*), (?(text1#varText2)?), #var, #varN, ~, #addr, #arg, #class, #classym, #coplabel, #exname, #extarg, #firstaddr, #flags, #flagval, #hyphenseq, #label, #lastaddr, #name, #NAME, #next, #nextaddr, #noise, #private, #privval, #seq, #seqnum, #sibaddr, #svaddr, #svclass, #svval, #targ, #targarg, #targar- glife, #typenum ABBREVIATIONS OP flags abbreviations OP class abbreviations AUTHOR B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION AUTHOR B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION OPTIONS -l, -p, -q, -uPACKAGE, -sLETTERS, C, iNUMBER, T, vSTRING., -xLEVEL USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE Synopsis Description new coderef2text BUGS AUTHOR B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION AUTHOR B::Lint - Perl lint SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS context, implicit-read and implicit-write, dollar- underscore, private-names, undefined-subs, regexp- variables, all, none NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS -u Package BUGS AUTHOR B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CONVENTIONS IMPLEMENTATION AUTHOR B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION AUTHOR B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION AUTHOR B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION AUTHOR B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl pro- grams SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION OPTIONS "-oFILENAME", "-r", "-D[tO]" BUGS AUTHOR Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION AUTHOR Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Methods new, debug, iters Standard Exports timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ), timethese ( COUNT, CODE- HASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr ( TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] ) Optional Exports clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF ), countit(TIME, CODE), disable- cache ( ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 ) NOTES EXAMPLES INHERITANCE CAVEATS SEE ALSO AUTHORS MODIFICATION HISTORY ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION AUTHOR SEE ALSO Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION OPTIONS -ofilename, -afilename, --, -f, -fcompress-nullops, -fomit-sequence-numbers, -fbypass-nullops, -On, -D, -Do, -Db, -Da, -DC, -S, -upackage Stores package in the output. =back EXAMPLES BUGS AUTHORS CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class SYNOPSIS ABSTRACT DESCRIPTION PROGRAMMING STYLE CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE): CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY: FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT: FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAME- TER: SETTING THE VALUE(E) OF A NAMED PARAMETER: APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER: IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE: DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY: DELETING ALL PARAMETERS: DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST: FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH: SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE: RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE :cgi, :form, :html2, :html3, :netscape, :html, :standard, :all PRAGMAS -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_xhtml, -nph, -new- style_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug, -private_tempfiles SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS 1. start_table() (generates a <TABLE> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a </TABLE> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <UL> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates a </UL> tag) GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER: GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER Parameters:, 4, 5, 6.. ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT: CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION: OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL -absolute, -relative, -full, -path (-path_info), -query (-query_string), -base MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS: PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS AUTOESCAPING HTML $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset = charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]); PRETTY-PRINTING HTML CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS: CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG STARTING AND ENDING A FORM application/x-www-form-urlencoded, multi- part/form-data CREATING A TEXT FIELD Parameters CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD Parameters CREATING A POPUP MENU CREATING A SCROLLING LIST Parameters: CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES Parameters: CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX Parameters: CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP Parameters: CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON Parameters: CREATING A RESET BUTTON CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD Parameters: CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON Parameters: CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON HTTP COOKIES 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag, -name, -value, -path, -domain, -expires, -secure WORKING WITH FRAMES 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the desti- nation for the document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in the <FORM> tag LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS DEBUGGING DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES Accept(), raw_cookie(), user_agent(), path_info(), path_translated(), remote_host(), script_name(), ref- erer(), auth_type (), server_name (), virtual_host (), server_port (), server_software (), remote_user (), user_name (), request_method(), content_type(), http(), https() USING NPH SCRIPTS In the use statement, By calling the nph() method:, By using -nph parameters Server Push multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final() Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks $CGI::POST_MAX, $CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS, 1. On a script- by-script basis, 2. Globally for all scripts COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL AUTHOR INFORMATION CREDITS Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <san- guish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwa- ter.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim MacKenzie (Tim.MacKen- zie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks (kbhend@dog- wood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inx- press.net), Ed Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org), ...and many many more.. A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT BUGS SEE ALSO CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm SYNOPSIS ABSTRACT DESCRIPTION AUTHOR INFORMATION BUGS SEE ALSO CGI::Carp, CGI::Carp - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or other) error log SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW Changing the default message MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS CHANGE LOG AUTHORS SEE ALSO CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION USING CGI::Cookie 1. expiration date, 2. domain, 3. path, 4. secure flag Creating New Cookies Sending the Cookie to the Browser Recovering Previous Cookies Manipulating Cookies name(), value(), domain(), path(), expires() AUTHOR INFORMATION BUGS SEE ALSO CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS CAVEATS AUTHOR INFORMATION BUGS SEE ALSO CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Tags that won't be formatted Customizing the Indenting BUGS AUTHOR SEE ALSO CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION USING CGI::Push -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -tar- get, -expires, -nph Heterogeneous Pages Changing the Page Delay on the Fly INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS AUTHOR INFORMATION BUGS SEE ALSO CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch SYNOPSIS ABSTRACT DESCRIPTION AUTHOR INFORMATION BUGS SEE ALSO CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION AUTHOR INFORMATION SEE ALSO CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Interactive Mode Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test, install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or distri- bution, ls author, Signals CPAN::Shell autobundle recompile The four "CPAN::*" Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution Programmer's interface expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Pro- gramming Examples Methods in the other Classes CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(), CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(), CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bun- dle::as_string(), CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(), CPAN::Bun- dle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_ver- sion(), CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bun- dle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(), CPAN::Bun- dle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(), CPAN::Distri- bution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribu- tion::as_string(), CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(), CPAN::Distri- bution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(), CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(), CPAN::Distribu- tion::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(), CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribu- tion::make(), CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(), CPAN::Distribu- tion::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(), CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(), CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Mod- ule::as_string(), CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(), CPAN::Module::cpan_ver- sion(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(), CPAN::Mod- ule::description(), CPAN::Mod- ule::force($method,@args), CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(), CPAN::Module::inst_ver- sion(), CPAN::Module::install(), CPAN::Mod- ule::look(), CPAN::Module::make(), CPAN::Mod- ule::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(), CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid() Cache Manager Bundles Prerequisites Finding packages and VERSION Debugging Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode CONFIGURATION "o conf <scalar option>", "o conf <scalar option> <value>", "o conf <list option>", "o conf <list option> [shift|pop]", "o conf <list option> [unshift|push|splice] <list>" Note on urllist parameter's format urllist parameter has CD-ROM support SECURITY EXPORT POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS Three basic types of firewalls http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall FAQ 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10) BUGS AUTHOR TRANSLATIONS SEE ALSO CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initial- ization SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS module SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION SEE ALSO Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller) SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Forcing a Stack Trace BUGS Carp::Heavy - Carp guts SYNOPIS DESCRIPTION Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION The "struct()" function Class Creation at Compile Time Element Types and Accessor Methods Scalar ('$' or '*$'), Array ('@' or '*@'), Hash ('%' or '*%'), Class ('Class_Name' or '*Class_Name') Initializing with "new" EXAMPLES Example 1, Example 2, Example 3 Author and Modification History Config - access Perl configuration information SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names) EXAMPLE WARNING GLOSSARY _ "_a", "_exe", "_o" a "afs", "alignbytes", "ansi2knr", "aphostname", "api_revision", "api_subversion", "api_version", "api_versionstring", "ar", "archlib", "archlib- exp", "archname64", "archname", "archobjs", "awk" b "baserev", "bash", "bin", "bincompat5005", "bin- exp", "bison", "byacc", "byteorder" c "c", "castflags", "cat", "cc", "cccdlflags", "ccdlflags", "ccflags", "ccflags_uselargefiles", "ccname", "ccsymbols", "ccversion", "cf_by", "cf_email", "cf_time", "charsize", "chgrp", "chmod", "chown", "clocktype", "comm", "compress" C "CONFIGDOTSH", "contains", "cp", "cpio", "cpp", "cpp_stuff", "cppccsymbols", "cppflags", "cpplast", "cppminus", "cpprun", "cppstdin", "cpp- symbols", "crosscompile", "cryptlib", "csh" d "d__fwalk", "d_access", "d_accessx", "d_alarm", "d_archlib", "d_atolf", "d_atoll", "d_attribut", "d_bcmp", "d_bcopy", "d_bincompat5005", "d_bsd", "d_bsdgetpgrp", "d_bsdsetpgrp", "d_bzero", "d_casti32", "d_castneg", "d_charvspr", "d_chown", "d_chroot", "d_chsize", "d_closedir", "d_const", "d_crypt", "d_csh", "d_cuserid", "d_dbl_dig", "d_difftime", "d_dirnamlen", "d_dlerror", "d_dlopen", "d_dlsymun", "d_dosuid", "d_drand48proto", "d_dup2", "d_eaccess", "d_end- grent", "d_endhent", "d_endnent", "d_endpent", "d_endpwent", "d_endsent", "d_eofnblk", "d_eunice", "d_fchmod", "d_fchown", "d_fcntl", "d_fcntl_can_lock", "d_fd_macros", "d_fd_set", "d_fds_bits", "d_fgetpos", "d_flexfnam", "d_flock", "d_fork", "d_fpathconf", "d_fpos64_t", "d_frexpl", "d_fs_data_s", "d_fseeko", "d_fset- pos", "d_fstatfs", "d_fstatvfs", "d_fsync", "d_ftello", "d_ftime", "d_Gconvert", "d_getcwd", "d_getespwnam", "d_getfsstat", "d_getgrent", "d_getgrps", "d_gethbyaddr", "d_gethbyname", "d_gethent", "d_gethname", "d_gethostprotos", "d_getlogin", "d_getmnt", "d_getmntent", "d_getnbyaddr", "d_getnbyname", "d_getnent", "d_getnetprotos", "d_getpagsz", "d_getpbyname", "d_getpbynumber", "d_getpent", "d_getpgid", "d_getpgrp2", "d_getpgrp", "d_getppid", "d_get- prior", "d_getprotoprotos", "d_getprpwnam", "d_getpwent", "d_getsbyname", "d_getsbyport", "d_getsent", "d_getservprotos", "d_getspnam", "d_gettimeod", "d_gnulibc", "d_grpasswd", "d_hasm- ntopt", "d_htonl", "d_iconv", "d_index", "d_ineta- ton", "d_int64_t", "d_isascii", "d_isnan", "d_isnanl", "d_killpg", "d_lchown", "d_ldbl_dig", "d_link", "d_locconv", "d_lockf", "d_longdbl", "d_longlong", "d_lseekproto", "d_lstat", "d_mad- vise", "d_mblen", "d_mbstowcs", "d_mbtowc", "d_memchr", "d_memcmp", "d_memcpy", "d_memmove", "d_memset", "d_mkdir", "d_mkdtemp", "d_mkfifo", "d_mkstemp", "d_mkstemps", "d_mktime", "d_mmap", "d_modfl", "d_mprotect", "d_msg", "d_msg_ctrunc", "d_msg_dontroute", "d_msg_oob", "d_msg_peek", "d_msg_proxy", "d_msgctl", "d_msgget", "d_msgrcv", "d_msgsnd", "d_msync", "d_munmap", "d_mymalloc", "d_nice", "d_nv_preserves_uv", "d_nv_pre- serves_uv_bits", "d_off64_t", "d_old_pthread_cre- ate_joinable", "d_oldpthreads", "d_oldsock", "d_open3", "d_pathconf", "d_pause", "d_perl_other- libdirs", "d_phostname", "d_pipe", "d_poll", "d_portable", "d_PRId64", "d_PRIeldbl", "d_PRIEUldbl", "d_PRIfldbl", "d_PRIFUldbl", "d_PRIgldbl", "d_PRIGUldbl", "d_PRIi64", "d_PRIo64", "d_PRIu64", "d_PRIx64", "d_PRIXU64", "d_pthread_yield", "d_pwage", "d_pwchange", "d_pwclass", "d_pwcomment", "d_pwexpire", "d_pwge- cos", "d_pwpasswd", "d_pwquota", "d_qgcvt", "d_quad", "d_readdir", "d_readlink", "d_rename", "d_rewinddir", "d_rmdir", "d_safebcpy", "d_safem- cpy", "d_sanemcmp", "d_sbrkproto", "d_sched_yield", "d_scm_rights", "d_SCNfldbl", "d_seekdir", "d_select", "d_sem", "d_semctl", "d_semctl_semid_ds", "d_semctl_semun", "d_semget", "d_semop", "d_setegid", "d_seteuid", "d_setgrent", "d_setgrps", "d_sethent", "d_setlinebuf", "d_set- locale", "d_setnent", "d_setpent", "d_setpgid", "d_setpgrp2", "d_setpgrp", "d_setprior", "d_set- proctitle", "d_setpwent", "d_setregid", "d_setres- gid", "d_setresuid", "d_setreuid", "d_setrgid", "d_setruid", "d_setsent", "d_setsid", "d_setvbuf", "d_sfio", "d_shm", "d_shmat", "d_shmatprototype", "d_shmctl", "d_shmdt", "d_shmget", "d_sigaction", "d_sigprocmask", "d_sigsetjmp", "d_socket", "d_socklen_t", "d_sockpair", "d_socks5_init", "d_sqrtl", "d_statblks", "d_statfs_f_flags", "d_statfs_s", "d_statvfs", "d_stdio_cnt_lval", "d_stdio_ptr_lval", "d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt", "d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt", "d_stdio_stream_array", "d_stdiobase", "d_stdst- dio", "d_strchr", "d_strcoll", "d_strctcpy", "d_strerrm", "d_strerror", "d_strtod", "d_strtol", "d_strtold", "d_strtoll", "d_strtoq", "d_strtoul", "d_strtoull", "d_strtouq", "d_strxfrm", "d_suid- safe", "d_symlink", "d_syscall", "d_sysconf", "d_sysernlst", "d_syserrlst", "d_system", "d_tcgetpgrp", "d_tcsetpgrp", "d_telldir", "d_telldirproto", "d_time", "d_times", "d_trun- cate", "d_tzname", "d_umask", "d_uname", "d_union_semun", "d_ustat", "d_vendorarch", "d_vendorbin", "d_vendorlib", "d_vfork", "d_void_closedir", "d_voidsig", "d_voidtty", "d_volatile", "d_vprintf", "d_wait4", "d_waitpid", "d_wcstombs", "d_wctomb", "d_xenix", "date", "db_hashtype", "db_prefixtype", "defvoidused", "direntrytype", "dlext", "dlsrc", "doublesize", "drand01", "dynamic_ext" e "eagain", "ebcdic", "echo", "egrep", "emacs", "eunicefix", "exe_ext", "expr", "extensions" f "fflushall", "fflushNULL", "find", "firstmakefile", "flex", "fpossize", "fpostype", "freetype", "full_ar", "full_csh", "full_sed" g "gccosandvers", "gccversion", "gidformat", "gid- sign", "gidsize", "gidtype", "glibpth", "grep", "groupcat", "groupstype", "gzip" h "h_fcntl", "h_sysfile", "hint", "hostcat" i "i16size", "i16type", "i32size", "i32type", "i64size", "i64type", "i8size", "i8type", "i_arpainet", "i_bsdioctl", "i_db", "i_dbm", "i_dirent", "i_dld", "i_dlfcn", "i_fcntl", "i_float", "i_gdbm", "i_grp", "i_iconv", "i_ieeefp", "i_inttypes", "i_libutil", "i_limits", "i_locale", "i_machcthr", "i_malloc", "i_math", "i_memory", "i_mntent", "i_ndbm", "i_netdb", "i_neterrno", "i_netinettcp", "i_niin", "i_poll", "i_prot", "i_pthread", "i_pwd", "i_rpcsvcdbm", "i_sfio", "i_sgtty", "i_shadow", "i_socks", "i_stdarg", "i_stddef", "i_stdlib", "i_string", "i_sunmath", "i_sysaccess", "i_sysdir", "i_sys- file", "i_sysfilio", "i_sysin", "i_sysioctl", "i_syslog", "i_sysmman", "i_sysmode", "i_sys- mount", "i_sysndir", "i_sysparam", "i_sysresrc", "i_syssecrt", "i_sysselct", "i_syssockio", "i_sys- stat", "i_sysstatfs", "i_sysstatvfs", "i_systime", "i_systimek", "i_systimes", "i_systypes", "i_sysuio", "i_sysun", "i_sysutsname", "i_sysvfs", "i_syswait", "i_termio", "i_termios", "i_time", "i_unistd", "i_ustat", "i_utime", "i_values", "i_varargs", "i_varhdr", "i_vfork", "ignore_ver- sioned_solibs", "inc_version_list", "inc_ver- sion_list_init", "incpath", "inews", "installarch- lib", "installbin", "installman1dir", "install- man3dir", "installprefix", "installprefixexp", "installprivlib", "installscript", "install- sitearch", "installsitebin", "installsitelib", "installstyle", "installusrbinperl", "installven- dorarch", "installvendorbin", "installvendorlib", "intsize", "issymlink", "ivdformat", "ivsize", "ivtype" k "known_extensions", "ksh" l "ld", "lddlflags", "ldflags", "ldflags_uselarge- files", "ldlibpthname", "less", "lib_ext", "libc", "libperl", "libpth", "libs", "libsdirs", "libs- files", "libsfound", "libspath", "libswanted", "libswanted_uselargefiles", "line", "lint", "lkflags", "ln", "lns", "locincpth", "loclibpth", "longdblsize", "longlongsize", "longsize", "lp", "lpr", "ls", "lseeksize", "lseektype" m "mail", "mailx", "make", "make_set_make", "mallo- cobj", "mallocsrc", "malloctype", "man1dir", "man1direxp", "man1ext", "man3dir", "man3direxp", "man3ext" M "Mcc", "mips_type", "mkdir", "mmaptype", "mode- type", "more", "multiarch", "mv", "myarchname", "mydomain", "myhostname", "myuname" n "n", "need_va_copy", "netdb_hlen_type", "netdb_host_type", "netdb_name_type", "netdb_net_type", "nm", "nm_opt", "nm_so_opt", "nonxs_ext", "nroff", "nveformat", "nvEUformat", "nvfformat", "nvFUformat", "nvgformat", "nvGUfor- mat", "nvsize", "nvtype" o "o_nonblock", "obj_ext", "old_pthread_create_join- able", "optimize", "orderlib", "osname", "osvers", "otherlibdirs" p "package", "pager", "passcat", "patchlevel", "path_sep", "perl5", "perl" P "PERL_REVISION", "PERL_SUBVERSION", "PERL_VER- SION", "perladmin", "perllibs", "perlpath", "pg", "phostname", "pidtype", "plibpth", "pm_apiver- sion", "pmake", "pr", "prefix", "prefixexp", "privlib", "privlibexp", "prototype", "ptrsize" q "quadkind", "quadtype" r "randbits", "randfunc", "randseedtype", "ranlib", "rd_nodata", "revision", "rm", "rmail", "runnm" s "sched_yield", "scriptdir", "scriptdirexp", "sed", "seedfunc", "selectminbits", "selecttype", "send- mail", "sh", "shar", "sharpbang", "shmattype", "shortsize", "shrpenv", "shsharp", "sig_count", "sig_name", "sig_name_init", "sig_num", "sig_num_init", "sig_size", "signal_t", "sitearch", "sitearchexp", "sitebin", "sitebin- exp", "sitelib", "sitelib_stem", "sitelibexp", "siteprefix", "siteprefixexp", "sizesize", "size- type", "sleep", "smail", "so", "sockethdr", "sock- etlib", "socksizetype", "sort", "spackage", "spit- shell", "sPRId64", "sPRIeldbl", "sPRIEUldbl", "sPRIfldbl", "sPRIFUldbl", "sPRIgldbl", "sPRIGUldbl", "sPRIi64", "sPRIo64", "sPRIu64", "sPRIx64", "sPRIXU64", "src", "sSCNfldbl", "ssize- type", "startperl", "startsh", "static_ext", "std- char", "stdio_base", "stdio_bufsiz", "stdio_cnt", "stdio_filbuf", "stdio_ptr", "stdio_stream_array", "strings", "submit", "subversion", "sysman" t "tail", "tar", "tbl", "tee", "test", "timeincl", "timetype", "touch", "tr", "trnl", "troff" u "u16size", "u16type", "u32size", "u32type", "u64size", "u64type", "u8size", "u8type", "uidfor- mat", "uidsign", "uidsize", "uidtype", "uname", "uniq", "uquadtype", "use5005threads", "use64bitall", "use64bitint", "usedl", "usei- threads", "uselargefiles", "uselongdouble", "use- morebits", "usemultiplicity", "usemymalloc", "usenm", "useopcode", "useperlio", "useposix", "usesfio", "useshrplib", "usesocks", "usethreads", "usevendorprefix", "usevfork", "usrinc", "uuname", "uvoformat", "uvsize", "uvtype", "uvuformat", "uvxformat", "uvXUformat" v "vendorarch", "vendorarchexp", "vendorbin", "ven- dorbinexp", "vendorlib", "vendorlib_stem", "ven- dorlibexp", "vendorprefix", "vendorprefixexp", "version", "versiononly", "vi", "voidflags" x "xlibpth", "xs_apiversion" z "zcat", "zip" NOTE Cwd - get pathname of current working directory SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft, subject to change) SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Global Variables $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args, @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname, $DB::lineno API Methods CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(e), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'), CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done() Client Callback Methods CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(), CLIENT->post- stop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(e), CLIENT->cleanup(), CLIENT->output(t) BUGS AUTHOR DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION DB_HASH, DB_BTREE, DB_RECNO Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or 3 Interface to Berkeley DB Opening a Berkeley DB Database File Default Parameters In Memory Databases DB_HASH A Simple Example DB_BTREE Changing the BTREE sort order Handling Duplicate Keys The get_dup() Method The find_dup() Method The del_dup() Method Matching Partial Keys DB_RECNO The 'bval' Option A Simple Example Extra RECNO Methods $X->push(h) ;, $value = $X->pop ;, $X->shift, $X->unshift(t) ;, $X->length Another Example THE API INTERFACE $status = $X->get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;, $status = $X->put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;, $status = $X->del($key [, $flags]) ;, $status = $X->fd ;, $sta- tus = $X->seq($key, $value, $flags) ;, $status = $X->sync([$flags]) ; DBM FILTERS filter_store_key, filter_store_value, fil- ter_fetch_key, filter_fetch_value The Filter An Example -- the NULL termination problem. Another Example -- Key is a C int. HINTS AND TIPS Locking: The Trouble with fd Safe ways to lock a database Tie::DB_Lock, Tie::DB_LockFile, DB_File::Lock Sharing Databases With C Applications The untie() Gotcha COMMON QUESTIONS Why is there Perl source in my database? How do I store complex data structures with DB_File? What does "Invalid Argument" mean? What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean? REFERENCES HISTORY BUGS AVAILABILITY COPYRIGHT SEE ALSO AUTHOR Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both printing and "eval" SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Methods PACKAGE->new(ARRAYREF [, ARRAYREF]), $OBJ->Dump or PACKAGE->Dump(ARRAYREF [, ARRAYREF]), $OBJ->Seen([HASHREF]), $OBJ->Values([ARRAYREF]), $OBJ->Names([ARRAYREF]), $OBJ->Reset Functions Dumper(r) Configuration Variables or Methods $Data::Dumper::Indent or $OBJ->Indent([NEWVAL]), $Data::Dumper::Purity or $OBJ->Purity([NEWVAL]), $Data::Dumper::Pad or $OBJ->Pad([NEWVAL]), $Data::Dumper::Varname or $OBJ->Varname([NEW- VAL]), $Data::Dumper::Useqq or $OBJ->Useqq([NEW- VAL]), $Data::Dumper::Terse or $OBJ->Terse([NEW- VAL]), $Data::Dumper::Freezer or $OBJ->Freezer([NEWVAL]), $Data::Dumper::Toaster or $OBJ->Toaster([NEW- VAL]), $Data::Dumper::Deepcopy or $OBJ->Deep- copy([NEWVAL]), $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys or $OBJ->Quotekeys([NEWVAL]), $Data::Dumper::Bless or $OBJ->Bless([NEWVAL]), $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth or $OBJ->Maxdepth([NEWVAL]) Exports Dumper EXAMPLES BUGS AUTHOR VERSION SEE ALSO Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION PROFILE FORMAT AUTOLOAD ENVIRONMENT BUGS SEE ALSO Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Memory footprint debugging EXAMPLES A simple scalar string A simple scalar number A simple scalar with an extra reference A reference to a simple scalar A reference to an array A reference to a hash Dumping a large array or hash A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer A reference to a subroutine EXPORTS BUGS AUTHOR SEE ALSO Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading mod- ule SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data. SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Creation "arrayDepth", "hashDepth", "compactDump", "veryCompact", "globPrint", "DumpDBFiles", "Dump- Packages", "DumpReused", "tick", "HighBit", "printUndef", "UsageOnly", unctrl, subdump, bare- Stringify, quoteHighBit, stopDbSignal Methods dumpValue, dumpValues, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl, compactDump, veryCompact, set, get DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_sym- bols, @dl_librefs, @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(), dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(), dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(), bootstrap() AUTHOR DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION AUTHOR English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctu- ation variables SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION BUGS Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or arrays SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION LIMITATIONS AUTHOR Errno - System errno constants SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CAVEATS AUTHOR COPYRIGHT Exporter - Implements default import method for modules SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION How to Export Selecting What To Export Specialised Import Lists Exporting without using Export's import method Module Version Checking Managing Unknown Symbols Tag Handling Utility Functions Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts SYNOPIS DESCRIPTION ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX com- mands in Makefiles etc. SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION cat eqtime src dst rm_f files... rm_f files... touch files .. mv source... destination cp source... destination chmod mode files.. mkpath directory.. test_f file BUGS SEE ALSO AUTHOR ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION @EXPORT FUNCTIONS xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(), ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules) EXAMPLES SEE ALSO AUTHOR ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION USAGE FUNCTIONS new(), modules(), files(), directories(), direc- tory_tree(), validate(), packlist(), version() EXAMPLE AUTHOR ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions EXTRALIBS LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH BSLOADLIBS PORTABILITY VMS implementation Win32 implementation SEE ALSO ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive perl_archive_after ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION METHODS Preloaded methods canonpath catdir catfile curdir rootdir updir SelfLoaded methods c_o (o) cflags (o) clean (o) const_cccmd (o) const_config (o) const_loadlibs (o) constants (o) depend (o) dir_target (o) dist (o) dist_basics (o) dist_ci (o) dist_core (o) dist_dir (o) dist_test (o) dlsyms (o) dynamic (o) dynamic_bs (o) dynamic_lib (o) exescan extliblist file_name_is_absolute find_perl Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Make- file fixin force (o) guess_name has_link_code htmlifypods (o) init_dirscan init_main init_others install (o) installbin (o) libscan (o) linkext (o) lsdir macro (o) makeaperl (o) makefile (o) manifypods (o) maybe_command maybe_command_in_dirs needs_linking (o) nicetext parse_version parse_abstract pasthru (o) path perl_script perldepend (o) ppd perm_rw (o) perm_rwx (o) pm_to_blib post_constants (o) post_initialize (o) postamble (o) prefixify processPL (o) realclean (o) replace_manpage_separator static (o) static_lib (o) staticmake (o) subdir_x (o) subdirs (o) test (o) test_via_harness (o) test_via_script (o) tool_autosplit (o) tools_other (o) tool_xsubpp (o) top_targets (o) writedoc xs_c (o) xs_cpp (o) xs_o (o) perl_archive perl_archive_after export_list SEE ALSO ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Methods always loaded wraplist rootdir (override) SelfLoaded methods guess_name (override) find_perl (override) path (override) maybe_command (override) maybe_command_in_dirs (override) perl_script (override) file_name_is_absolute (override) replace_manpage_separator init_others (override) constants (override) cflags (override) const_cccmd (override) pm_to_blib (override) tool_autosplit (override) tool_sxubpp (override) xsubpp_version (override) tools_other (override) dist (override) c_o (override) xs_c (override) xs_o (override) top_targets (override) dlsyms (override) dynamic_lib (override) dynamic_bs (override) static_lib (override) manifypods (override) processPL (override) installbin (override) subdir_x (override) clean (override) realclean (override) dist_basics (override) dist_core (override) dist_dir (override) dist_test (override) install (override) perldepend (override) makefile (override) test (override) test_via_harness (override) test_via_script (override) makeaperl (override) nicetext (override) ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION catfile constants (o) static_lib (o) dynamic_bs (o) dynamic_lib (o) canonpath perl_script pm_to_blib test_via_harness (o) tool_autosplit (override) tools_other (o) xs_o (o) top_targets (o) htmlifypods (o) manifypods (o) dist_ci (o) dist_core (o) pasthru (o) ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION How To Write A Makefile.PL Default Makefile Behaviour make test make testdb make install PREFIX and LIB attribute AFS users Static Linking of a new Perl Binary Determination of Perl Library and Installation Loca- tions Which architecture dependent directory? Using Attributes and Parameters ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CAPI, CCFLAGS, CONFIG, CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT, EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FUNCLIST, H, HTMLLIBPODS, HTMLSCRIPTPODS, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN, INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLHTMLPRIVLIBDIR, INSTALL- HTMLSCRIPTDIR, INSTALLHTMLSITELIBDIR, INSTALL- MAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITELIB, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN, INST_EXE, INST_HTMLLIBDIR, INST_HTMLSCRIPTDIR, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR, INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS, LINKTYPE, MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME, NEEDS_LINK- ING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW, PERM_RWX, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC, PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PRE- REQ_PM, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION Additional lowercase attributes clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, realclean, test, tool_autosplit Overriding MakeMaker Methods Hintsfile support Distribution Support make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest, make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make shdist, make zipdist, make ci Disabling an extension ENVIRONMENT PERL_MM_OPT SEE ALSO AUTHORS ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANI- FEST file SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION MANIFEST.SKIP EXPORT_OK GLOBAL VARIABLES DIAGNOSTICS "Not in MANIFEST:" file, "No such file:" file, "MANI- FEST:" $!, "Added to MANIFEST:" file SEE ALSO AUTHOR ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perl- main.c SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION SEE ALSO ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic extension SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME AUTHOR REVISION ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION USAGE FUNCTIONS new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file() EXAMPLE AUTHOR ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION AUTHOR Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION NOTE EXPORTED SYMBOLS File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse EXAMPLES "basename", "dirname" File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION RETURN AUTHOR File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Special behaviour if "syscopy" is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32) rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag]) RETURN AUTHOR File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION EXPORTS (by request only) BUGS AUTHOR HISTORY SEE ALSO File::Find, find - traverse a file tree SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION "wanted", "bydepth", "preprocess", "postprocess", "follow", "follow_fast", "follow_skip", "no_chdir", "untaint", "untaint_pattern", "untaint_skip" CAVEAT File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION "GLOB_ERR", "GLOB_MARK", "GLOB_NOCASE", "GLOB_NOCHECK", "GLOB_NOSORT", "GLOB_BRACE", "GLOB_NOMAGIC", "GLOB_QUOTE", "GLOB_TILDE", "GLOB_CSH", "GLOB_ALPHASORT" DIAGNOSTICS "GLOB_NOSPACE", "GLOB_ABEND" NOTES AUTHOR File::Path - create or remove directory trees SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION AUTHORS File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION SEE ALSO AUTHORS File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION devnull tmpdir path canonpath splitpath splitdir catpath abs2rel rel2abs SEE ALSO File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Exports SEE ALSO File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for MacOS SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION METHODS canonpath catdir catfile curdir devnull rootdir tmpdir updir file_name_is_absolute path splitpath splitdir catpath abs2rel rel2abs SEE ALSO File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION File::Spec::Unix - methods used by File::Spec SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION METHODS canonpath catdir catfile curdir devnull rootdir tmpdir updir no_upwards case_tolerant file_name_is_absolute path join splitpath splitdir catpath abs2rel rel2abs SEE ALSO File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION eliminate_macros fixpath Methods always loaded canonpath (override) catdir catfile curdir (override) devnull (override) rootdir (override) tmpdir (override) updir (override) case_tolerant (override) path (override) file_name_is_absolute (override) splitpath (override) splitdir (override) catpath (override) abs2rel (override) rel2abs (override) SEE ALSO File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION devnull tmpdir catfile canonpath splitpath splitdir catpath SEE ALSO File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely PORTABILITY SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION FUNCTIONS tempfile tempdir MKTEMP FUNCTIONS mkstemp mkstemps mkdtemp mktemp POSIX FUNCTIONS tmpnam tmpfile ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS tempnam UTILITY FUNCTIONS unlink0 PACKAGE VARIABLES safe_level, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH TopSystemUID WARNING Temporary files and NFS HISTORY SEE ALSO AUTHOR File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION NOTE AUTHOR FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION BUGS FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines SEE ALSO FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION EXPORTABLE VARIABLES KNOWN BUGS AUTHORS COPYRIGHT GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library. SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION AVAILABILITY BUGS SEE ALSO Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Command Line Options, an Introduction Getting Started with Getopt::Long Simple options A little bit less simple options Mixing command line option with other arguments Options with values Options with multiple values Options with hash values User-defined subroutines to handle options Options with multiple names Case and abbreviations Summary of Option Specifications !, +, s, i, f, : type [ desttype ] Advanced Possibilities Object oriented interface Documentation and help texts Storing options in a hash Bundling The lonesome dash Argument call-back Configuring Getopt::Long default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt, require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always (default: disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix, prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled) Return values and Errors Legacy Default destinations Alternative option starters Configuration variables Trouble Shooting Warning: Ignoring '!' modifier for short option GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not supplied AUTHOR COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch clustering SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current locale SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION IO - load various IO modules SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (), rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ] SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CONSTRUCTOR new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile METHODS open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ) SEE ALSO HISTORY IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CONSTRUCTOR new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE ) METHODS $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines, $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error, $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ), $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint NOTE SEE ALSO BUGS HISTORY IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CONSTRUCTOR new ( [READER, WRITER] ) METHODS reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles () SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION METHODS mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove ( IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] ) SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->setpos ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET), WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=1 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ), $io->tell HISTORY IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CONSTRUCTOR new ( [ HANDLES ] ) METHODS add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] ) EXAMPLE AUTHOR COPYRIGHT IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CONSTRUCTOR new ( [ARGS] ) METHODS accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), timeout([VAL]), sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype, protocol, connected SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CONSTRUCTOR new ( [ARGS] ) METHODS sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost () SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CONSTRUCTOR new ( [ARGS] ) METHODS hostpath(), peerpath() SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (), rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ] SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CONSTRUCTOR new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile METHODS open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ) SEE ALSO HISTORY IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CONSTRUCTOR new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE ) METHODS $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines, $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error, $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ), $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint NOTE SEE ALSO BUGS HISTORY IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CONSTRUCTOR new ( [READER, WRITER] ) METHODS reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles () SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION METHODS mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove ( IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] ) SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->setpos ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET), WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=1 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ), $io->tell HISTORY IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CONSTRUCTOR new ( [ HANDLES ] ) METHODS add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] ) EXAMPLE AUTHOR COPYRIGHT IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CONSTRUCTOR new ( [ARGS] ) METHODS accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), timeout([VAL]), sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype, protocol, connected SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CONSTRUCTOR new ( [ARGS] ) METHODS sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost () SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CONSTRUCTOR new ( [ARGS] ) METHODS hostpath(), peerpath() SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION METHODS new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [, FLAGS ] ), stat SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION WARNING SEE ALSO IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error handling SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION WARNING IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION METHODS new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ), getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), set- val ( N , VALUE ), stat SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION ftok( PATH, ID ) SEE ALSO AUTHORS COPYRIGHT IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION METHODS new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [, FLAGS ] ), stat SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION METHODS new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ), getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), set- val ( N , VALUE ), stat SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary length float math package SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION number format, Error returns 'NaN', Division is com- puted to, Rounding is performed BUGS AUTHOR Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Canonical notation, Input, Output EXAMPLES Autocreating constants BUGS AUTHOR Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathemati- cal functions SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION OPERATIONS CREATION STRINGIFICATION CHANGED IN PERL 5.6 USAGE ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS BUGS AUTHORS Math::Trig - trigonometric functions SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS tan ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS COORDINATE SYSTEMS 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian, cylindrical_to_spheri- cal, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylin- drical GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES EXAMPLES BUGS AUTHORS NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files SYNOPSIS "O_RDONLY", "O_WRONLY", "O_RDWR" DIAGNOSTICS "ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ..." BUGS AND WARNINGS Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Functions Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [, $timeout]);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]); WARNING NOTES Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in geth- ost*() functions SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION EXAMPLES NOTE AUTHOR Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in get- net*() functions SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION EXAMPLES NOTE AUTHOR Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in get- proto*() functions SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION NOTE AUTHOR Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in get- serv*() functions SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION EXAMPLES NOTE AUTHOR O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CONVENTIONS IMPLEMENTATION AUTHOR ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files SYNOPSIS "O_RDONLY", "O_WRONLY", "O_RDWR" DIAGNOSTICS "odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ..." BUGS AND WARNINGS Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION NOTE WARNING Operator Names and Operator Lists an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname or optag, an operator set (opset) Opcode Functions opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET), full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...), define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...), opdump (PAT) Manipulating Opsets TO DO (maybe) Predefined Opcode Tags :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math, :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open, :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided, :dangerous SEE ALSO AUTHORS Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION a new namespace, an operator mask WARNING RECENT CHANGES Methods in class Safe permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP, ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME), root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK) Some Safety Issues Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes AUTHOR Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe opera- tions when compiling SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION SEE ALSO POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1 SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION NOTE CAVEATS FUNCTIONS _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2, atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown, clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime, cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv, execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror, fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf, fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos, fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid, getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlo- gin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid, getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty, iscn- trl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, iss- pace, isupper, isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10, longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, mem- cmp, memcpy, memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open, opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts, qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind, rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, set- locale, setpgid, setsid, setuid, sigaction, sig- longjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp, sigsus- pend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat, strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strc- spn, strerror, strftime, strlen, strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod, strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain, tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile, tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc, unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs, wctomb, write CLASSES POSIX::SigAction new POSIX::SigSet new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember POSIX::Termios new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag, getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag, setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field val- ues, c_oflag field values PATHNAME CONSTANTS Constants POSIX CONSTANTS Constants SYSTEM CONFIGURATION Constants ERRNO Constants FCNTL Constants FLOAT Constants LIMITS Constants LOCALE Constants MATH Constants SIGNAL Constants STAT Constants, Macros STDLIB Constants STDIO Constants TIME Constants UNISTD Constants WAIT Constants, Macros Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syn- tax errors SYNOPSIS OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS podchecker() -warnings => val DESCRIPTION DIAGNOSTICS Errors empty =headn, =over on line N without closing =back, =item without previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end with- out =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without format- ter specification, unresolved internal link NAME, Unknown command "CMD", Unknown interior-sequence "SEQ", nested commands CMD<...CMD<...>...>, gar- bled entity STRING, Entity number out of range, malformed link L<>, nonempty Z<>, empty X<>, Spu- rious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious charac- ter(r) after =back Warnings multiple occurence of link target name, line con- taining nothing but whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(h), =item type mismatch (one vs. two), N unescaped "<>" in paragraph, Unknown entity, No items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph, Verbatim paragraph in NAME section Hyperlinks ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page' deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or / RETURN VALUE EXAMPLES INTERFACE "Pod::Checker->new( %options )" "$checker->poderror( @args )", "$checker->poderror( {%opts}, @args )" "$checker->num_errors()" "$checker->name()" "$checker->node()" "$checker->idx()" "$checker->hyperlink()" AUTHOR Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION "pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )" "-verbose => 1", "-perl => 1", "-script => 1", "-inc => 1" "simplify_name( $str )" "pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )" "-inc => 1", "-dirs => [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]", "-ver- bose => 1" "contains_pod( $file , $verbose )" AUTHOR SEE ALSO Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION ARGUMENTS backlink, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index, infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse, title, verbose EXAMPLE ENVIRONMENT AUTHOR SEE ALSO COPYRIGHT Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input para- graphs, commands, etc. SYNOPSIS REQUIRES EXPORTS DESCRIPTION package Pod::InputSource, package Pod::Paragraph, package Pod::InteriorSequence, package Pod::ParseTree Pod::InputSource new() name() handle() was_cutting() Pod::Paragraph Pod::Paragraph->new() $pod_para->cmd_name() $pod_para->text() $pod_para->raw_text() $pod_para->cmd_prefix() $pod_para->cmd_separator() $pod_para->parse_tree() $pod_para->file_line() Pod::InteriorSequence Pod::InteriorSequence->new() $pod_seq->cmd_name() $pod_seq->prepend() $pod_seq->append() $pod_seq->nested() $pod_seq->raw_text() $pod_seq->left_delimiter() $pod_seq->right_delimiter() $pod_seq->parse_tree() $pod_seq->file_line() Pod::InteriorSequence::DESTROY() Pod::ParseTree Pod::ParseTree->new() $ptree->top() $ptree->children() $ptree->prepend() $ptree->append() $ptree->raw_text() Pod::ParseTree::DESTROY() SEE ALSO AUTHOR Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION OBJECT METHODS "initialize" Data Accessors AddPreamble AddPostamble Head1Level Label LevelNoNum MakeIndex ReplaceNAMEwithSection StartWithNewPage TableOfContents UniqueLabels UserPreamble UserPostamble Lists Subclassed methods begin_pod end_pod command verbatim textblock interior_sequence List Methods begin_list end_list add_item Methods for headings head Internal methods _output _replace_special_chars _create_label _create_index _clean_latex_commands NOTES SEE ALSO AUTHORS COPYRIGHT REVISION Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixed- bolditalic, quotes, release, section DIAGNOSTICS roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", Unknown escape E<%s>, Unknown sequence %s, %s: Unknown command paragraph "%s" on line %d, Unmatched =back BUGS SEE ALSO AUTHOR Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Pod::List Pod::List->new() $list->file() $list->start() $list->indent() $list->type() $list->rx() $list->item() $list->parent() $list->tag() Pod::Hyperlink Pod::Hyperlink->new() $link->parse($string) $link->markup($string) $link->text() $link->warning() $link->file(), $link->line() $link->page() $link->node() $link->alttext() $link->type() $link->link() Pod::Cache Pod::Cache->new() $cache->item() $cache->find_page($name) Pod::Cache::Item Pod::Cache::Item->new() $cacheitem->page() $cacheitem->description() $cacheitem->path() $cacheitem->file() $cacheitem->nodes() $cacheitem->find_node($name) $cacheitem->idx() AUTHOR SEE ALSO Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators SYNOPSIS REQUIRES EXPORTS DESCRIPTION QUICK OVERVIEW PARSING OPTIONS -want_nonPODs (default: unset), -process_cut_cmd (default: unset), -warnings (default: unset) RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES command() $cmd, $text, $line_num, $pod_para verbatim() $text, $line_num, $pod_para textblock() $text, $line_num, $pod_para interior_sequence() OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES new() initialize() begin_pod() begin_input() end_input() end_pod() preprocess_line() preprocess_paragraph() METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING parse_text() -expand_seq => code-ref|method-name, -expand_text => code-ref|method-name, -expand_ptree => code- ref|method-name interpolate() parse_paragraph() parse_from_filehandle() parse_from_file() ACCESSOR METHODS errorsub() cutting() parseopts() output_file() output_handle() input_file() input_handle() input_streams() top_stream() PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA _push_input_stream() _pop_input_stream() TREE-BASED PARSING SEE ALSO AUTHOR Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod. SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION EXPORT AUTHOR SEE ALSO Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from input SYNOPSIS REQUIRES EXPORTS DESCRIPTION SECTION SPECIFICATIONS RANGE SPECIFICATIONS OBJECT METHODS curr_headings() select() add_selection() clear_selections() match_section() is_selected() EXPORTED FUNCTIONS podselect() -output, -sections, -ranges PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA _compile_section_spec() $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS} $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS} SEE ALSO AUTHOR Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION alt, indent, loose, quotes, sentence, width DIAGNOSTICS Bizarre space in item, Can't open %s for reading: %s, Invalid quote specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown com- mand paragraph "%s", Unknown escape: %s, Unknown sequence: %s, Unmatched =back RESTRICTIONS NOTES SEE ALSO AUTHOR Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION BUGS SEE ALSO AUTHOR Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike text SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION BUGS SEE ALSO AUTHOR Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to ASCII text with format escapes SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION SEE ALSO AUTHOR Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod documentation SYNOPSIS ARGUMENTS "-message", "-msg", "-exitval", "-verbose", "-output", "-input", "-pathlist" DESCRIPTION EXAMPLES Recommended Use CAVEATS AUTHOR ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION "O_RDONLY", "O_WRONLY", "O_RDWR" DIAGNOSTICS "sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ..." BUGS AND WARNINGS Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION a new namespace, an operator mask WARNING RECENT CHANGES Methods in class Safe permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP, ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME), root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK) Some Safety Issues Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes AUTHOR Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION SelfLoader - load functions only on demand SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION The __DATA__ token SelfLoader autoloading Autoloading and package lexicals SelfLoader and AutoLoader __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle. Classes and inherited methods. Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX AUTHOR Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C socket.h defines and structure manipulators SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST, INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sock- addr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un SOCK- ADDR_UN, pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION AUTHOR Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(g) calls SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args, setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02), closelog EXAMPLES SEE ALSO AUTHOR Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlog- mask, syslog - Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(g) calls SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args, setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02), closelog EXAMPLES SEE ALSO AUTHOR Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION DIAGNOSTICS Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No comma allowed after filehandle, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in use RESTRICTIONS NOTES AUTHORS Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION EXAMPLES Term::Complete - Perl word completion module SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION <tab>, ^D, ^U, <del>, <bs> DIAGNOSTICS BUGS AUTHOR Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various "readline" packages. If no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions. SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Minimal set of supported functions "ReadLine", "new", "readline", "addhistory", "IN", $"OUT", "MinLine", "findConsole", Attribs, "Features" Additional supported functions "tkRunning", "ornaments", "newTTY" EXPORTS ENVIRONMENT Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION TEST TYPES NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS RETURN VALUE ONFAIL SEE ALSO AUTHOR Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION The test script output EXPORT DIAGNOSTICS "All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s", "FAILED tests %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.", "Test returned status %d (wstat %d)", "Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s", "Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay. %s" ENVIRONMENT SEE ALSO AUTHORS BUGS Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of arrays SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION EXAMPLES AUTHORS Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described by Knuth SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION EXAMPLES LIMITATIONS AUTHOR Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(d) and unexpand(d) SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION BUGS AUTHOR Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE AUTHOR Thread - manipulate threads in Perl (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to change) CAVEAT SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION FUNCTIONS new \&start_sub, new \&start_sub, LIST, lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;, Thread->self, Thread->list, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARI- ABLE, yield METHODS join, eval, detach, equal, tid LIMITATIONS SEE ALSO Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION FUNCTIONS AND METHODS new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending SEE ALSO Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION FUNCTIONS AND METHODS new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION BUGS Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index, FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST CAVEATS AUTHOR Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied handles SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this, EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this MORE INFORMATION COMPATIBILITY Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied hashes SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this CAVEATS MORE INFORMATION Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE AUTHOR VERSION SEE ALSO Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied scalars SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this MORE INFORMATION Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hash- ing SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CAVEATS Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION IMPLEMENTATION BUGS Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime() function SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION NOTE AUTHOR Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime() function SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION NOTE AUTHOR Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION AUTHOR UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed refer- ences) SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION isa ( TYPE ), can ( METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] ), UNIVERSAL::isa ( VAL, TYPE ), UNIVERSAL::can ( VAL, METHOD ) User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*() functions SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION NOTE AUTHOR User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*() functions SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION System Specifics NOTE AUTHOR HISTORY March 18th, 2000 Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions DESCRIPTION Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(n), Win32::Build- Number(), Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(), Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(s), Win32::FormatMessage(e), Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(y), Win32::GetArchName(), Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::Get- FullPathName(e), Win32::GetLastError(), Win32::GetLongPathName(e), Win32::GetNex- tAvailDrive(), Win32::GetOSVersion(), Win32::Get- ShortPathName(e), Win32::GetProcAd- dress(INSTANCE, PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown, Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), Win32::LoadLibrary(y), Win32::LoginName(), Win32::LookupAccountName(SYS- TEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID, SIDTYPE), Win32::Looku- pAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID- TYPE), Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(), Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARY- NAME), Win32::SetCwd(d), Win32::Set- LastError(r), Win32::Sleep(p), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS, PID), Win32::Unregis- terServer(r) XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION AUTHOR AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION Here should be listed all the extra programs' documenta- tion, but they don't all have manual pages yet: a2p s2p find2perl h2ph c2ph h2xs xsubpp pod2man wrapsuid AUTHOR Larry Wall <larry@wall.org>, with the help of oodles of other folks. perl v5.6.1 2001-03-19 PERLTOC(C)