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perry |
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FUSER |
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!!!FUSER |
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NAME |
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SYNOPSIS |
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DESCRIPTION |
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OPTIONS |
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FILES |
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EXAMPLES |
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RESTRICTIONS |
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AUTHOR |
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SEE ALSO |
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---- |
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!!NAME |
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fuser - identify processes using files or sockets |
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!!SYNOPSIS |
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__fuser__ [[__-a__|__-s__] [[__-4__|__-6__] |
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[[__-n__ ''space''] [[__-__''signal''] |
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[[__-kimuv__] ''name ...''__ |
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fuser__ -l__ |
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fuser__ -V |
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!!DESCRIPTION |
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__fuser__ displays the PIDs of processes using the |
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specified files or file systems. In the default display |
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mode, each file name is followed by a letter denoting the |
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type of access: |
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__c__ |
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current directory. |
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__e__ |
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executable being run. |
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__f__ |
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open file. __f__ is omitted in default display |
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mode. |
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__r__ |
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root directory. |
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__m__ |
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mmap'ed file or shared library. |
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__fuser__ returns a non-zero return code if none of the |
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specified files is accessed or in case of a fatal error. If |
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at least one access has been found, __fuser__ returns |
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zero. |
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In order to look up processes using TCP and UDP sockets, the |
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corresponding name space has to be selected with the |
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__-n__ option. By default __fuser__ will look in both |
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IPv6 and IPv4 sockets. To change the default, behavour, use |
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the __-4__ and __-6 options. The socket(s) can be |
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specified by the local and remote port, and the remote |
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address. All fields are optional, but commas in front of |
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missing fields must be present:__ |
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__[[__''lcl_port''__][[__,__[[__''rmt_host''__][[__,__[[__''rmt_port''__]]]__ |
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Either symbolic or numeric values can be used for IP |
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addresses and port numbers. |
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!!OPTIONS |
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__-a__ |
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Show all files specified on the command line. By default, |
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only files that are accessed by at least one process are |
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shown. |
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__-k__ |
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Kill processes accessing the file. Unless changed with |
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__-__''signal'', SIGKILL is sent. An __fuser__ |
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process never kills itself, but may kill other __fuser__ |
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processes. The effective user ID of the process executing |
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__fuser__ is set to its real user ID before attempting to |
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kill. |
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__-i__ |
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Ask the user for confirmation before killing a process. This |
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option is silently ignored if __-k__ is not present |
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too. |
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__-l__ |
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List all known signal names. |
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__-m__ |
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''name'' specifies a file on a mounted file system or a |
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block device that is mounted. All processes accessing files |
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on that file system are listed. If a directory file is |
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specified, it is automatically changed to ''name''/. to |
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use any file system that might be mounted on that |
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directory. |
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__-n__ ''space'' |
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Select a different name space. The name spaces __file__ |
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(file names, the default), __udp__ (local UDP ports), and |
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__tcp__ (local TCP ports) are supported. For ports, |
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either the port number or the symbolic name can be |
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specified. If there is no ambiguity, the shortcut notation |
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''name''__/__''space'' __(e.g.__ |
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''name''__/__''proto''__) can be |
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used.__ |
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__-s__ |
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Silent operation. __-u__ and __-v__ are ignored in |
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this mode. __-a__ must not be used with |
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__-s__. |
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__-__''signal'' |
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Use the specified signal instead of SIGKILL when killing |
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processes. Signals can be specified either by name (e.g. |
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__-HUP__) or by number (e.g. __-1__). |
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__-u__ |
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Append the user name of the process owner to each |
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PID. |
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__-v__ |
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Verbose mode. Processes are shown in a __ps__-like style. |
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The fields PID, USER and COMMAND are similar to __ps__. |
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ACCESS shows how the process accesses the file. If the |
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access is by the kernel (e.g. in the case of a mount point, |
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a swap file, etc.), __kernel__ is shown instead of the |
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PID. |
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__-V__ |
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Display version information. |
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__-4__ |
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Search only for IPv4 sockets. This option must not be used |
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with the __-6__ option and only has an effect with the |
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tcp and udp namespaces. |
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__-6__ |
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Search only for IPv6 sockets. This option must not be used |
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with the __-4__ option and only has an effect with the |
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tcp and udp namespaces. |
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__-__ |
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Reset all options and set the signal back to |
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SIGKILL. |
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!!FILES |
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/proc location of the proc file system |
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!!EXAMPLES |
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__fuser -km /home__ kills all processes accessing the |
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file system /home in any way. |
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__if fuser -s /dev/ttyS1; then :; else__ |
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''something''__; fi__ invokes ''something'' if no |
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other process is using /dev/ttyS1. |
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__fuser telnet/tcp__ shows all processes at the (local) |
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TELNET port. |
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!!RESTRICTIONS |
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Processes accessing the same file or file system several |
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times in the same way are only shown once. |
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If the same object is specified several times on the command |
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line, some of those entries may be ignored. |
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__fuser__ may only be able to gather partial information |
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unless run with privileges. As a consequence, files opened |
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by processes belonging to other users may not be listed and |
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executables may be classified as mapped only. |
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Installing __fuser__ SUID root will avoid problems |
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associated with partial information, but may be undesirable |
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for security and privacy reasons. |
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__udp__ and __tcp__ name spaces, and UNIX domain |
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sockets can't be searched with kernels older than |
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1.3.78. |
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__udp__ and __tcp__ currently work with IPv6 and IPv4, |
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but the address fields can only be IPv4 |
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addresses. |
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Accesses by the kernel are only shown with the __-v__ |
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option. |
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The __-k__ option only works on processes. If the user is |
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the kernel, __fuser__ will print an advice, but take no |
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action beyond that. |
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!!AUTHOR |
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Werner Almesberger |
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!!SEE ALSO |
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kill(1), killall(1), lsof(8), ps(1), kill(2) |
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---- |
