| Rev | Author | # | Line |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | perry | 1 | !!NAME |
| 2 | |||
| 3 | execve - execute program | ||
| 4 | !!SYNOPSIS | ||
| 5 | |||
| 3 | PerryLorier | 6 | __#include <unistd.h>__ |
| 1 | perry | 7 | |
| 3 | PerryLorier | 8 | __int execve (const char *__''filename''__, char *const__ ''argv'' __[[], char *const__ ''envp''__[[]);__ |
| 1 | perry | 9 | |
| 10 | !!DESCRIPTION | ||
| 3 | PerryLorier | 11 | __execve()__ executes the program pointed to by ''filename''. ''filename'' must be either a binary executable, or a script starting with a line of the form |
| 12 | __#!__ ''interpreter'' [[''arg''] | ||
| 1 | perry | 13 | |
| 3 | PerryLorier | 14 | In the latter case, the interpreter must be a valid path name for an executable which is not itself a script, which will be invoked as |
| 15 | ''interpreter__ [[arg] ''filename''. | ||
| 1 | perry | 16 | |
| 3 | PerryLorier | 17 | ''argv'' is an array of argument strings passed to the new program. ''envp'' is an array of strings, conventionally of the form __key=value__, which are |
| 18 | passed as environment to the new program. Both, ''argv'' and ''envp'' must be terminated by a null pointer. The argument vector and environment can be accessed by the called program's main function, when it is defined as __int main(int argc, char *argv[[], char *envp[[])__. | ||
| 1 | perry | 19 | |
| 3 | PerryLorier | 20 | __execve()__ does not return on success, and the text, data, bss, and stack of the calling process are overwritten by that of the program loaded. The program invoked inherits the calling process's PID, and any open file descriptors that are not set to close on exec. Signals pending on the calling process are cleared. Any signals set to be caught by the calling process are reset to their default behaviour. The [SIGCHLD] signal (when set to [SIG_IGN]) may or may not be reset to SIG_DFL. |
| 1 | perry | 21 | |
| 3 | PerryLorier | 22 | If the current program is being ptraced, a [SIGTRAP] is sent to it after a successful execve(2). |
| 1 | perry | 23 | |
| 3 | PerryLorier | 24 | If the set-uid bit is set on the program file pointed to by ''filename'' the effective user ID of the calling process is changed to that of the owner of the program file. Similarly, when the set-gid bit of the program file is set the effective group ID of the calling process is set to the group of the program file. |
| 1 | perry | 25 | |
| 3 | PerryLorier | 26 | If the executable is an a.out dynamically-linked binary executable containing shared-library stubs, the Linux dynamic linker ld.so(8) is called at the start of execution to bring needed shared libraries into core and link the executable with them. |
| 1 | perry | 27 | |
| 3 | PerryLorier | 28 | If the executable is a dynamically-linked ELF executable, the interpreter named in the PT_INTERP segment is used to load the needed shared libraries. This interpreter is typically ''/lib/ld-linux.so.1'' for binaries linked with the Linux libc version 5, or ''/lib/ld-linux.so.2'' for binaries linked with the GNU libc version 2. See ld.so(8) |
| 1 | perry | 29 | |
| 30 | !!RETURN VALUE | ||
| 31 | |||
| 3 | PerryLorier | 32 | On success, execve(2) does not return, on error -1 is returned, and ''errno'' is set appropriately. |
| 1 | perry | 33 | !!ERRORS |
| 34 | |||
| 3 | PerryLorier | 35 | ;[EACCES]: The file or a script interpreter is not a regular file. |
| 36 | ;[EACCES]: Execute permission is denied for the file or a script or ELF interpreter. | ||
| 37 | ;[EACCES]: The file system is mounted ''noexec''. | ||
| 38 | ;[EPERM]: The file system is mounted ''nosuid'', the user is not the superuser, and the file has an SUID or SGID bit set. | ||
| 39 | ;[EPERM]: The process is being traced, the user is not the superuser and the file has an SUID or SGID bit set. | ||
| 40 | ;[E2BIG]: The argument list is too big. | ||
| 41 | ;[ENOEXEC]: An executable is not in a recognised format, is for the wrong architecture, or has some other format error that means it cannot be executed. | ||
| 5 | JoergMeyer | 42 | ;[EFAULT]: ''filename'' points outside your accessible address space. (or presumably an argv[[], or environp[[] string is outside your accessible address space, which can happen if you forget to terminate unsing a NULL-pointer) |
| 3 | PerryLorier | 43 | ;[ENAMETOOLONG]: ''filename'' is too long. |
| 44 | ;[ENOENT]: The file ''filename'' or a script or ELF interpreter does not exist, or a shared library needed for file or interpreter cannot be found. | ||
| 45 | ;[ENOMEM]: Insufficient kernel memory was available. | ||
| 46 | ;[ENOTDIR]: A component of the path prefix of ''filename'' or a script or ELF interpreter is not a directory. | ||
| 47 | ;[EACCES]: Search permission is denied on a component of the path prefix of ''filename'' or the name of a script interpreter. | ||
| 48 | ;[ELOOP]: Too many symbolic links were encountered in resolving ''filename'' or the name of a script or ELF interpreter. | ||
| 49 | ;[ETXTBSY]: Executable was open for writing by one or more processes. | ||
| 50 | ;[EIO]: An I/O error occurred. | ||
| 51 | ;[ENFILE]: The limit on the total number of files open on the system has been reached. | ||
| 52 | ;[EMFILE]: The process has the maximum number of files open. | ||
| 53 | ;[EINVAL]: An ELF executable had more than one PT_INTERP segment (i.e., tried to name more than one interpreter). | ||
| 54 | ;[EISDIR]: An ELF interpreter was a directory. | ||
| 55 | ;[ELIBBAD]: An ELF interpreter was not in a recognised format. | ||
| 1 | perry | 56 | |
| 57 | !!CONFORMING TO | ||
| 3 | PerryLorier | 58 | SVr4, SVID, X/OPEN, BSD 4.3. POSIX does not document the #! behavior but is otherwise compatible. SVr4 documents additional error conditions [EAGAIN], [EINTR], [ELIBACC], [ENOLINK], [EMULTIHOP]; [POSIX] does not document [ETXTBSY], [EPERM], [EFAULT], [ELOOP], [EIO], [ENFILE], [EMFILE], [EINVAL], [EISDIR] or [ELIBBAD] error conditions. |
| 1 | perry | 59 | |
| 60 | !!NOTES | ||
| 61 | |||
| 3 | PerryLorier | 62 | SUID and SGID processes can not be ptrace(2)d. |
| 1 | perry | 63 | |
| 3 | PerryLorier | 64 | Linux ignores the SUID and SGID bits on scripts. |
| 1 | perry | 65 | |
| 3 | PerryLorier | 66 | The result of mounting a filesystem ''nosuid'' vary between Linux kernel versions: some will refuse execution of SUID/SGID executables when this would give the user powers she did not have already (and return [EPERM]), some will just ignore the SUID/SGID bits and exec successfully. |
| 1 | perry | 67 | |
| 3 | PerryLorier | 68 | A maximum line length of 127 characters is allowed for the first line in a #! executable shell script. |
| 1 | perry | 69 | |
| 70 | !!SEE ALSO | ||
| 71 | |||
| 3 | PerryLorier | 72 | chmod(2), fork(2), execl(3), environ(5), ld.so(8) |
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