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DVIPS
!!!DVIPS
NAME
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
OPTIONS
SEE ALSO
ENVIRONMENT
NOTES
AUTHOR
----
!!NAME


dvips - convert a TeX DVI file to !PostScript
!!SYNOPSIS


__dvips__ [[ ''options'' ]
''file''[[.dvi]
!!DESCRIPTION


THIS MAN PAGE IS OBSOLETE! See the Texinfo documentation
instead. You can read it either in Emacs or with the
standalone __info__ program which comes with the GNU
texinfo distribution as
prep.ai.mit.edu:pub/gnu/texinfo*.tar.gz.


The program __dvips__ takes a DVI file ''file''[[.dvi]
produced by TeX (or by some other processor such as GFtoDVI)
and converts it to !PostScript, normally sending the result
directly to the (laser)printer. The DVI file may be
specified without the ''.dvi'' extension. Fonts used may
either be resident in the printer or defined as bitmaps in
PK files, or a `virtual' combination of both. If the
__mktexpk__ program is installed, __dvips__ will
automatically invoke METAFONT to generate fonts that don't
already exist.


For more information, see the Texinfo manual
''dvips.texi'', which should be installed somewhere on
your system, hopefully accessible through the standard Info
tree.
!!OPTIONS


__-a__


Conserve memory by making three passes over the .dvi file
instead of two and only loading those characters actually
used. Generally only useful on machines with a very limited
amount of memory, like some PCs.


__-A__


Print only odd pages (TeX pages, not sequence
pages).


__-b num__


Generate ''num'' copies of each page, but duplicating the
page body rather than using the ''#numcopies'' option.
This can be useful in conjunction with a header file setting
''bop-hook'' to do color separations or other neat
tricks.


__-B__


Print only even pages (TeX pages, not sequence
pages).


__-c num__


Generate ''num'' copies of every page. Default is 1. (For
collated copies, see the ''-C'' option
below.)


__-C num__


Create ''num'' copies, but collated (by replicating the
data in the !PostScript file). Slower than the ''-c''
option, but easier on the hands, and faster than
resubmitting the same !PostScript file multiple
times.


__-d num__


Set the debug flags. This is intended only for emergencies
or for unusual fact-finding expeditions; it will work only
if __dvips__ has been compiled with the DEBUG option. If
nonzero, prints additional information on standard output.
The number is taken as a set of independent bits. The
meaning of each bit follows. 1=specials; 2=paths; 4=fonts;
8=pages; 16=headers; 32=font compression; 64=files;
128=memory; 256=Kpathsea stat(2) calls; 512=Kpathsea hash
table lookups; 1024=Kpathsea path element expansion;
2048=Kpathsea searches. To trace everything having to do
with file searching and opening, use 3650 (2048 + 1024 + 512
+ 64 + 2). To track all classes, you can use `-1' (output is
extremely voluminous).


__-D num__


Set the resolution in dpi (dots per inch) to ''num.''
This affects the choice of bitmap fonts that are loaded and
also the positioning of letters in resident !PostScript
fonts. Must be between 10 and 10000. This affects both the
horizontal and vertical resolution. If a high resolution
(something greater than 400 dpi, say) is selected, the
''-Z'' flag should probably also be used.


__-e num__


Make sure that each character is placed at most this many
pixels from its `true' resolution-independent position on
the page. The default value of this parameter is resolution
dependent. Allowing individual characters to `drift' from
their correctly rounded positions by a few pixels, while
regaining the true position at the beginning of each new
word, improves the spacing of letters in words.


__-E__


makes __dvips__ attempt to generate an EPSF file with a
tight bounding box. This only works on one-page files, and
it only looks at marks made by characters and rules, not by
any included graphics. In addition, it gets the glyph
metrics from the ''tfm'' file, so characters that lie
outside their enclosing ''tfm'' box may confuse it. In
addition, the bounding box might be a bit too loose if the
character glyph has significant left or right side bearings.
Nonetheless, this option works well for creating small EPSF
files for equations or tables or the like. (Note, of course,
that __dvips__ output is resolution dependent and thus
does not make very good EPSF files, especially if the images
are to be scaled; use these EPSF files with a great deal of
care.)


__-f__


Run as a filter. Read the ''.dvi'' file from standard
input and write the !PostScript to standard output. The
standard input must be seekable, so it cannot be a pipe. If
you must use a pipe, write a shell script that copies the
pipe output to a temporary file and then points __dvips__
at this file. This option also disables the automatic
reading of the ''PRINTER'' environment variable, and
turns off the automatic sending of control D if it was
turned on with the ''-F'' option or in the configuration
file; use ''-F'' after this option if you want
both.


__-F__


Causes Control-D (ASCII code 4) to be appended as the very
last character of the !PostScript file. This is useful when
__dvips__ is driving the printer directly instead of
working through a spooler, as is common on extremely small
systems. NOTE! DO NOT USE THIS OPTION!


__-h name__


Prepend file ''name'' as an additional header file.
(However, if the name is simply `-' suppress all header
files from the output.) This header file gets added to the
!PostScript ''userdict.''


__-i__


Make each section be a separate file. Under certain
circumstances, __dvips__ will split the document up into
`sections' to be processed independently; this is most often
done for memory reasons. Using this option tells
__dvips__ to place each section into a separate file; the
new file names are created replacing the suffix of the
supplied output file name by a three-digit sequence number.
This option is most often used in conjunction with the
''-S'' option which sets the maximum section length in
pages. For instance, some phototypesetters cannot print more
than ten or so consecutive pages before running out of
steam; these options can be used to automatically split a
book into ten-page sections, each to its own
file.


__-k__


Print crop marks. This option increases the paper size
(which should be specified, either with a paper size special
or with the ''-T'' option) by a half inch in each
dimension. It translates each page by a quarter inch and
draws cross-style crop marks. It is mostly useful with
typesetters that can set the page size
automatically.


__-K__


This option causes comments in included !PostScript graphics,
font files, and headers to be removed. This is sometimes
necessary to get around bugs in spoolers or !PostScript
post-processing programs. Specifically, the %%Page comments,
when left in, often cause difficulties. Use of this flag can
cause some included graphics to fail, since the !PostScript
header macros from some software packages read portions of
the input stream line by line, searching for a particular
comment. This option has been turned off by default because
!PostScript previewers and spoolers have been getting
better.


__-l num__


The last page printed will be the first one numbered
''num'' Default is the last page in the document. If the
''num'' is prefixed by an equals sign, then it (and any
argument to the ''-p'' option) is treated as a sequence
number, rather than a value to compare with ''count0''
values. Thus, using ''-l =9'' will end with the ninth
page of the document, no matter what the pages are actually
numbered.


__-m__


Specify manual feed for printer.


__-M__


Turns off the automatic font generation facility. If any
fonts are missing, commands to generate the fonts are
appended to the file ''missfont.log'' in the current
directory; this file can then be executed and deleted to
create the missing fonts.


__-n num__


At most ''num'' pages will be printed. Default is
100000.


__-N__


Turns off structured comments; this might be necessary on
some systems that try to interpret !PostScript comments in
weird ways, or on some !PostScript printers. Old versions of
!TranScript in particular cannot handle modern Encapsulated
!PostScript.


__-o name__


The output will be sent to file ''name'' If no file name
is given, the default name is ''file.ps'' where the .dvi
file was called ''file.dvi;'' if this option isn't given,
any default in the configuration file is used. If the first
character of the supplied output file name is an exclamation
mark, then the remainder will be used as an argument to
''popen;'' thus, specifying ''!lpr'' as the output
file will automatically queue the file for printing. When
running subprograms, __dvips__ sets the ''PRINTER''
and ''LPDEST'' environment variables to the printer name
(if available), so no ''-P'' option is needed for
''lpr''. This option also disables the automatic reading
of the ''PRINTER'' environment variable, and turns off
the automatic sending of control D if it was turned on with
the ''-F'' option or in the configuration file; use
''-F'' after this option if you want both.


__-O offset__


Move the origin by a certain amount. The ''offset'' is a
comma-separated pair of dimensions, such as
''.1in,-.3cm'' (in the same syntax used in the
''papersize'' special). The origin of the page is shifted
from the default position (of one inch down, one inch to the
right from the upper left corner of the paper) by this
amount.


__-p num__


The first page printed will be the first one numbered
''num.'' Default is the first page in the document. If
the ''num'' is prefixed by an equals sign, then it (and
any argument to the ''-l'' option) is treated as a
sequence number, rather than a value to compare with
''count0'' values. Thus, using ''-p =3'' will start
with the third page of the document, no matter what the
pages are actually numbered.


__-pp pagelist__


A comma-separated list of pages and ranges (a-b) may be
given, which will be interpreted as ''count0'' values.
Pages not specified will not be printed. Multiple __-pp__
options may be specified or all pages and page ranges can be
specified with one __-pp__ option.


__-P printername__


Sets up the output for the appropriate printer. This is
implemented by reading in ''config.printername'' , which
can then set the output pipe (as in, ''!lpr
-Pprintername'' as well as the font paths and any other
''config.ps'' defaults for that printer only. Note that
''config.ps'' is read before ''config.printername'' In
addition, another file called ''~/.dvipsrc'' is searched
for immediately after ''config.ps;'' this file is
intended for user defaults. If no ''-P'' command is
given, the environment variable ''PRINTER'' is checked.
If that variable exists, and a corresponding configuration
file exists, that configuration file is read
in.


__-q__


Run in quiet mode. Don't chatter about pages converted,
etc.; report nothing but errors to standard
error.


__-r__


Stack pages in reverse order. Normally, page 1 will be
printed first.


__-R__


Run in secure mode. This means that ``backtick'' commands
from a ''special{}'' or ''psffile{}'' macro in the
(La)TeX source like ''special{psfile=
'' or ''psffile[[72 72 540 720]{
'' are not executed.


__-s__


Causes the entire global output to be enclosed in a
save/restore pair. This causes the file to not be truly
conformant, and is thus not recommended, but is useful if
you are driving the printer directly and don't care too much
about the portability of the output.


__-S num__


Set the maximum number of pages in each `section'. This
option is most commonly used with the ''-i'' option; see
that documentation above for more information.


__-t papertype__


This sets the paper type to ''papertype.'' The
''papertype'' should be defined in one of the
configuration files, along with the appropriate code to
select it. (Currently known types include ''letter, legal,
ledger, a4, a3,'' ) You can also specify ''-t
landscape,'' which rotates a document by 90 degrees. To
rotate a document whose size is not letter, you can use the
''-t'' option twice, once for the page size, and once for
landscape. The upper left corner of each page in the
''.dvi'' file is placed one inch from the left and one
inch from the top. Use of this option is highly dependent on
the configuration file. Note that executing the
''letter'' or ''a4'' or other !PostScript operators
cause the document to be nonconforming and can cause it not
to print on certain printers, so the paper size should not
execute such an operator if at all possible.


__-T offset__


Set the paper size to the given pair of dimensions. This
option takes its arguments in the same style as ''-O.''
It overrides any paper size special in the dvi
file.


__-U__


Disable a !PostScript virtual memory saving optimization that
stores the character metric information in the same string
that is used to store the bitmap information. This is only
necessary when driving the Xerox 4045 !PostScript
interpreter. It is caused by a bug in that interpreter that
results in `garbage' on the bottom of each character. Not
recommended unless you must drive this printer.


__-V__


Download non-resident !PostScript fonts as bitmaps. This
requires use of `gsftopk' or `pstopk' or some other such
program(s) in order to generate the required bitmap fonts;
these programs are supplied with __dvips__.


__-x num__


Set the magnification ratio to ''num'' /1000. Overrides
the magnification specified in the .dvi file. Must be
between 10 and 100000.


__-X num__


Set the horizontal resolution in dots per inch to
''num.''


__-Y num__


Set the vertical resolution in dots per inch to
''num.''


__-Z__


Causes bitmapped fonts to be compressed before they are
downloaded, thereby reducing the size of the !PostScript
font-downloading information. Especially useful at high
resolutions or when very large fonts are used. Will slow
down printing somewhat, especially on early 68000-based
!PostScript printers.
!!SEE ALSO


mf(1), afm2tfm(1), tex(1), latex(1), lpr(1),
''dvips.texi.''
!!ENVIRONMENT


Dvipsk uses the same environment variables and algorithms
for finding font files as TeX and its friends do. See the
documentation for the Kpathsea library for details.
(Repeating it here is too cumbersome.)


KPATHSEA_DEBUG: Trace Kpathsea lookups; set to -1 for
complete tracing.


PRINTER: see above.
!!NOTES


!PostScript is a registered trademark of Adobe Systems
Incorporated.
!!AUTHOR


Tomas Rokicki
----
30 pages link to dvips(1):
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Last edited on Monday, June 3, 2002 6:50:09 pm by "perry"
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