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DVIPS |
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!!!DVIPS |
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NAME |
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SYNOPSIS |
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DESCRIPTION |
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OPTIONS |
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SEE ALSO |
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ENVIRONMENT |
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NOTES |
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AUTHOR |
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---- |
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!!NAME |
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dvips - convert a TeX DVI file to !PostScript |
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!!SYNOPSIS |
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__dvips__ [[ ''options'' ] |
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''file''[[.dvi] |
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!!DESCRIPTION |
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THIS MAN PAGE IS OBSOLETE! See the Texinfo documentation |
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instead. You can read it either in Emacs or with the |
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standalone __info__ program which comes with the GNU |
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texinfo distribution as |
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prep.ai.mit.edu:pub/gnu/texinfo*.tar.gz. |
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The program __dvips__ takes a DVI file ''file''[[.dvi] |
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produced by TeX (or by some other processor such as GFtoDVI) |
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and converts it to !PostScript, normally sending the result |
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directly to the (laser)printer. The DVI file may be |
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specified without the ''.dvi'' extension. Fonts used may |
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either be resident in the printer or defined as bitmaps in |
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PK files, or a `virtual' combination of both. If the |
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__mktexpk__ program is installed, __dvips__ will |
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automatically invoke METAFONT to generate fonts that don't |
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already exist. |
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For more information, see the Texinfo manual |
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''dvips.texi'', which should be installed somewhere on |
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your system, hopefully accessible through the standard Info |
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tree. |
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!!OPTIONS |
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__-a__ |
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Conserve memory by making three passes over the .dvi file |
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instead of two and only loading those characters actually |
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used. Generally only useful on machines with a very limited |
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amount of memory, like some PCs. |
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__-A__ |
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Print only odd pages (TeX pages, not sequence |
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pages). |
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__-b num__ |
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Generate ''num'' copies of each page, but duplicating the |
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page body rather than using the ''#numcopies'' option. |
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This can be useful in conjunction with a header file setting |
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''bop-hook'' to do color separations or other neat |
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tricks. |
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__-B__ |
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Print only even pages (TeX pages, not sequence |
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pages). |
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__-c num__ |
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Generate ''num'' copies of every page. Default is 1. (For |
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collated copies, see the ''-C'' option |
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below.) |
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__-C num__ |
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Create ''num'' copies, but collated (by replicating the |
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data in the !PostScript file). Slower than the ''-c'' |
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option, but easier on the hands, and faster than |
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resubmitting the same !PostScript file multiple |
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times. |
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__-d num__ |
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Set the debug flags. This is intended only for emergencies |
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or for unusual fact-finding expeditions; it will work only |
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if __dvips__ has been compiled with the DEBUG option. If |
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nonzero, prints additional information on standard output. |
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The number is taken as a set of independent bits. The |
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meaning of each bit follows. 1=specials; 2=paths; 4=fonts; |
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8=pages; 16=headers; 32=font compression; 64=files; |
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128=memory; 256=Kpathsea stat(2) calls; 512=Kpathsea hash |
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table lookups; 1024=Kpathsea path element expansion; |
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2048=Kpathsea searches. To trace everything having to do |
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with file searching and opening, use 3650 (2048 + 1024 + 512 |
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+ 64 + 2). To track all classes, you can use `-1' (output is |
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extremely voluminous). |
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__-D num__ |
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Set the resolution in dpi (dots per inch) to ''num.'' |
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This affects the choice of bitmap fonts that are loaded and |
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also the positioning of letters in resident !PostScript |
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fonts. Must be between 10 and 10000. This affects both the |
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horizontal and vertical resolution. If a high resolution |
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(something greater than 400 dpi, say) is selected, the |
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''-Z'' flag should probably also be used. |
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__-e num__ |
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Make sure that each character is placed at most this many |
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pixels from its `true' resolution-independent position on |
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the page. The default value of this parameter is resolution |
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dependent. Allowing individual characters to `drift' from |
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their correctly rounded positions by a few pixels, while |
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regaining the true position at the beginning of each new |
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word, improves the spacing of letters in words. |
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__-E__ |
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makes __dvips__ attempt to generate an EPSF file with a |
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tight bounding box. This only works on one-page files, and |
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it only looks at marks made by characters and rules, not by |
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any included graphics. In addition, it gets the glyph |
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metrics from the ''tfm'' file, so characters that lie |
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outside their enclosing ''tfm'' box may confuse it. In |
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addition, the bounding box might be a bit too loose if the |
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character glyph has significant left or right side bearings. |
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Nonetheless, this option works well for creating small EPSF |
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files for equations or tables or the like. (Note, of course, |
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that __dvips__ output is resolution dependent and thus |
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does not make very good EPSF files, especially if the images |
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are to be scaled; use these EPSF files with a great deal of |
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care.) |
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__-f__ |
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Run as a filter. Read the ''.dvi'' file from standard |
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input and write the !PostScript to standard output. The |
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standard input must be seekable, so it cannot be a pipe. If |
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you must use a pipe, write a shell script that copies the |
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pipe output to a temporary file and then points __dvips__ |
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at this file. This option also disables the automatic |
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reading of the ''PRINTER'' environment variable, and |
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turns off the automatic sending of control D if it was |
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turned on with the ''-F'' option or in the configuration |
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file; use ''-F'' after this option if you want |
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both. |
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__-F__ |
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Causes Control-D (ASCII code 4) to be appended as the very |
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last character of the !PostScript file. This is useful when |
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__dvips__ is driving the printer directly instead of |
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working through a spooler, as is common on extremely small |
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systems. NOTE! DO NOT USE THIS OPTION! |
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__-h name__ |
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Prepend file ''name'' as an additional header file. |
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(However, if the name is simply `-' suppress all header |
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files from the output.) This header file gets added to the |
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!PostScript ''userdict.'' |
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__-i__ |
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Make each section be a separate file. Under certain |
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circumstances, __dvips__ will split the document up into |
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`sections' to be processed independently; this is most often |
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done for memory reasons. Using this option tells |
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__dvips__ to place each section into a separate file; the |
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new file names are created replacing the suffix of the |
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supplied output file name by a three-digit sequence number. |
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This option is most often used in conjunction with the |
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''-S'' option which sets the maximum section length in |
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pages. For instance, some phototypesetters cannot print more |
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than ten or so consecutive pages before running out of |
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steam; these options can be used to automatically split a |
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book into ten-page sections, each to its own |
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file. |
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__-k__ |
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Print crop marks. This option increases the paper size |
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(which should be specified, either with a paper size special |
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or with the ''-T'' option) by a half inch in each |
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dimension. It translates each page by a quarter inch and |
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draws cross-style crop marks. It is mostly useful with |
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typesetters that can set the page size |
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automatically. |
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__-K__ |
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This option causes comments in included !PostScript graphics, |
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font files, and headers to be removed. This is sometimes |
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necessary to get around bugs in spoolers or !PostScript |
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post-processing programs. Specifically, the %%Page comments, |
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when left in, often cause difficulties. Use of this flag can |
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cause some included graphics to fail, since the !PostScript |
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header macros from some software packages read portions of |
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the input stream line by line, searching for a particular |
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comment. This option has been turned off by default because |
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!PostScript previewers and spoolers have been getting |
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better. |
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__-l num__ |
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The last page printed will be the first one numbered |
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''num'' Default is the last page in the document. If the |
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''num'' is prefixed by an equals sign, then it (and any |
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argument to the ''-p'' option) is treated as a sequence |
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number, rather than a value to compare with ''count0'' |
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values. Thus, using ''-l =9'' will end with the ninth |
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page of the document, no matter what the pages are actually |
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numbered. |
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__-m__ |
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Specify manual feed for printer. |
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__-M__ |
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Turns off the automatic font generation facility. If any |
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fonts are missing, commands to generate the fonts are |
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appended to the file ''missfont.log'' in the current |
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directory; this file can then be executed and deleted to |
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create the missing fonts. |
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__-n num__ |
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At most ''num'' pages will be printed. Default is |
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100000. |
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__-N__ |
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Turns off structured comments; this might be necessary on |
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some systems that try to interpret !PostScript comments in |
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weird ways, or on some !PostScript printers. Old versions of |
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!TranScript in particular cannot handle modern Encapsulated |
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!PostScript. |
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__-o name__ |
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The output will be sent to file ''name'' If no file name |
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is given, the default name is ''file.ps'' where the .dvi |
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file was called ''file.dvi;'' if this option isn't given, |
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any default in the configuration file is used. If the first |
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character of the supplied output file name is an exclamation |
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mark, then the remainder will be used as an argument to |
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''popen;'' thus, specifying ''!lpr'' as the output |
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file will automatically queue the file for printing. When |
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running subprograms, __dvips__ sets the ''PRINTER'' |
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and ''LPDEST'' environment variables to the printer name |
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(if available), so no ''-P'' option is needed for |
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''lpr''. This option also disables the automatic reading |
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of the ''PRINTER'' environment variable, and turns off |
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the automatic sending of control D if it was turned on with |
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the ''-F'' option or in the configuration file; use |
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''-F'' after this option if you want both. |
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__-O offset__ |
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Move the origin by a certain amount. The ''offset'' is a |
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comma-separated pair of dimensions, such as |
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''.1in,-.3cm'' (in the same syntax used in the |
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''papersize'' special). The origin of the page is shifted |
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from the default position (of one inch down, one inch to the |
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right from the upper left corner of the paper) by this |
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amount. |
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__-p num__ |
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The first page printed will be the first one numbered |
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''num.'' Default is the first page in the document. If |
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the ''num'' is prefixed by an equals sign, then it (and |
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any argument to the ''-l'' option) is treated as a |
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sequence number, rather than a value to compare with |
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''count0'' values. Thus, using ''-p =3'' will start |
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with the third page of the document, no matter what the |
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pages are actually numbered. |
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__-pp pagelist__ |
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A comma-separated list of pages and ranges (a-b) may be |
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given, which will be interpreted as ''count0'' values. |
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Pages not specified will not be printed. Multiple __-pp__ |
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options may be specified or all pages and page ranges can be |
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specified with one __-pp__ option. |
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__-P printername__ |
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Sets up the output for the appropriate printer. This is |
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implemented by reading in ''config.printername'' , which |
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can then set the output pipe (as in, ''!lpr |
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-Pprintername'' as well as the font paths and any other |
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''config.ps'' defaults for that printer only. Note that |
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''config.ps'' is read before ''config.printername'' In |
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addition, another file called ''~/.dvipsrc'' is searched |
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for immediately after ''config.ps;'' this file is |
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intended for user defaults. If no ''-P'' command is |
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given, the environment variable ''PRINTER'' is checked. |
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If that variable exists, and a corresponding configuration |
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file exists, that configuration file is read |
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in. |
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__-q__ |
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Run in quiet mode. Don't chatter about pages converted, |
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etc.; report nothing but errors to standard |
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error. |
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__-r__ |
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Stack pages in reverse order. Normally, page 1 will be |
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printed first. |
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__-R__ |
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Run in secure mode. This means that ``backtick'' commands |
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from a ''special{}'' or ''psffile{}'' macro in the |
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(La)TeX source like ''special{psfile= |
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'' or ''psffile[[72 72 540 720]{ |
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'' are not executed. |
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__-s__ |
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Causes the entire global output to be enclosed in a |
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save/restore pair. This causes the file to not be truly |
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conformant, and is thus not recommended, but is useful if |
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you are driving the printer directly and don't care too much |
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about the portability of the output. |
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__-S num__ |
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Set the maximum number of pages in each `section'. This |
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option is most commonly used with the ''-i'' option; see |
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that documentation above for more information. |
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__-t papertype__ |
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|
410 |
This sets the paper type to ''papertype.'' The |
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|
411 |
''papertype'' should be defined in one of the |
|
|
412 |
configuration files, along with the appropriate code to |
|
|
413 |
select it. (Currently known types include ''letter, legal, |
|
|
414 |
ledger, a4, a3,'' ) You can also specify ''-t |
|
|
415 |
landscape,'' which rotates a document by 90 degrees. To |
|
|
416 |
rotate a document whose size is not letter, you can use the |
|
|
417 |
''-t'' option twice, once for the page size, and once for |
|
|
418 |
landscape. The upper left corner of each page in the |
|
|
419 |
''.dvi'' file is placed one inch from the left and one |
|
|
420 |
inch from the top. Use of this option is highly dependent on |
|
|
421 |
the configuration file. Note that executing the |
2 |
perry |
422 |
''letter'' or ''a4'' or other !PostScript operators |
1 |
perry |
423 |
cause the document to be nonconforming and can cause it not |
|
|
424 |
to print on certain printers, so the paper size should not |
|
|
425 |
execute such an operator if at all possible. |
|
|
426 |
|
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|
427 |
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|
428 |
__-T offset__ |
|
|
429 |
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|
430 |
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|
431 |
Set the paper size to the given pair of dimensions. This |
|
|
432 |
option takes its arguments in the same style as ''-O.'' |
|
|
433 |
It overrides any paper size special in the dvi |
|
|
434 |
file. |
|
|
435 |
|
|
|
436 |
|
|
|
437 |
__-U__ |
|
|
438 |
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|
|
439 |
|
2 |
perry |
440 |
Disable a !PostScript virtual memory saving optimization that |
1 |
perry |
441 |
stores the character metric information in the same string |
|
|
442 |
that is used to store the bitmap information. This is only |
2 |
perry |
443 |
necessary when driving the Xerox 4045 !PostScript |
1 |
perry |
444 |
interpreter. It is caused by a bug in that interpreter that |
|
|
445 |
results in `garbage' on the bottom of each character. Not |
|
|
446 |
recommended unless you must drive this printer. |
|
|
447 |
|
|
|
448 |
|
|
|
449 |
__-V__ |
|
|
450 |
|
|
|
451 |
|
2 |
perry |
452 |
Download non-resident !PostScript fonts as bitmaps. This |
1 |
perry |
453 |
requires use of `gsftopk' or `pstopk' or some other such |
|
|
454 |
program(s) in order to generate the required bitmap fonts; |
|
|
455 |
these programs are supplied with __dvips__. |
|
|
456 |
|
|
|
457 |
|
|
|
458 |
__-x num__ |
|
|
459 |
|
|
|
460 |
|
|
|
461 |
Set the magnification ratio to ''num'' /1000. Overrides |
|
|
462 |
the magnification specified in the .dvi file. Must be |
|
|
463 |
between 10 and 100000. |
|
|
464 |
|
|
|
465 |
|
|
|
466 |
__-X num__ |
|
|
467 |
|
|
|
468 |
|
|
|
469 |
Set the horizontal resolution in dots per inch to |
|
|
470 |
''num.'' |
|
|
471 |
|
|
|
472 |
|
|
|
473 |
__-Y num__ |
|
|
474 |
|
|
|
475 |
|
|
|
476 |
Set the vertical resolution in dots per inch to |
|
|
477 |
''num.'' |
|
|
478 |
|
|
|
479 |
|
|
|
480 |
__-Z__ |
|
|
481 |
|
|
|
482 |
|
|
|
483 |
Causes bitmapped fonts to be compressed before they are |
2 |
perry |
484 |
downloaded, thereby reducing the size of the !PostScript |
1 |
perry |
485 |
font-downloading information. Especially useful at high |
|
|
486 |
resolutions or when very large fonts are used. Will slow |
|
|
487 |
down printing somewhat, especially on early 68000-based |
2 |
perry |
488 |
!PostScript printers. |
1 |
perry |
489 |
!!SEE ALSO |
|
|
490 |
|
|
|
491 |
|
|
|
492 |
mf(1), afm2tfm(1), tex(1), latex(1), lpr(1), |
|
|
493 |
''dvips.texi.'' |
|
|
494 |
!!ENVIRONMENT |
|
|
495 |
|
|
|
496 |
|
|
|
497 |
Dvipsk uses the same environment variables and algorithms |
|
|
498 |
for finding font files as TeX and its friends do. See the |
|
|
499 |
documentation for the Kpathsea library for details. |
|
|
500 |
(Repeating it here is too cumbersome.) |
|
|
501 |
|
|
|
502 |
|
|
|
503 |
KPATHSEA_DEBUG: Trace Kpathsea lookups; set to -1 for |
|
|
504 |
complete tracing. |
|
|
505 |
|
|
|
506 |
|
|
|
507 |
PRINTER: see above. |
|
|
508 |
!!NOTES |
|
|
509 |
|
|
|
510 |
|
2 |
perry |
511 |
!PostScript is a registered trademark of Adobe Systems |
1 |
perry |
512 |
Incorporated. |
|
|
513 |
!!AUTHOR |
|
|
514 |
|
|
|
515 |
|
|
|
516 |
Tomas Rokicki |
|
|
517 |
---- |