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1 perry 1 DVIPS
2 !!!DVIPS
3 NAME
4 SYNOPSIS
5 DESCRIPTION
6 OPTIONS
7 SEE ALSO
8 ENVIRONMENT
9 NOTES
10 AUTHOR
11 ----
12 !!NAME
13
14
2 perry 15 dvips - convert a TeX DVI file to !PostScript
1 perry 16 !!SYNOPSIS
17
18
19 __dvips__ [[ ''options'' ]
20 ''file''[[.dvi]
21 !!DESCRIPTION
22
23
24 THIS MAN PAGE IS OBSOLETE! See the Texinfo documentation
25 instead. You can read it either in Emacs or with the
26 standalone __info__ program which comes with the GNU
27 texinfo distribution as
28 prep.ai.mit.edu:pub/gnu/texinfo*.tar.gz.
29
30
31 The program __dvips__ takes a DVI file ''file''[[.dvi]
32 produced by TeX (or by some other processor such as GFtoDVI)
2 perry 33 and converts it to !PostScript, normally sending the result
1 perry 34 directly to the (laser)printer. The DVI file may be
35 specified without the ''.dvi'' extension. Fonts used may
36 either be resident in the printer or defined as bitmaps in
37 PK files, or a `virtual' combination of both. If the
38 __mktexpk__ program is installed, __dvips__ will
39 automatically invoke METAFONT to generate fonts that don't
40 already exist.
41
42
43 For more information, see the Texinfo manual
44 ''dvips.texi'', which should be installed somewhere on
45 your system, hopefully accessible through the standard Info
46 tree.
47 !!OPTIONS
48
49
50 __-a__
51
52
53 Conserve memory by making three passes over the .dvi file
54 instead of two and only loading those characters actually
55 used. Generally only useful on machines with a very limited
56 amount of memory, like some PCs.
57
58
59 __-A__
60
61
62 Print only odd pages (TeX pages, not sequence
63 pages).
64
65
66 __-b num__
67
68
69 Generate ''num'' copies of each page, but duplicating the
70 page body rather than using the ''#numcopies'' option.
71 This can be useful in conjunction with a header file setting
72 ''bop-hook'' to do color separations or other neat
73 tricks.
74
75
76 __-B__
77
78
79 Print only even pages (TeX pages, not sequence
80 pages).
81
82
83 __-c num__
84
85
86 Generate ''num'' copies of every page. Default is 1. (For
87 collated copies, see the ''-C'' option
88 below.)
89
90
91 __-C num__
92
93
94 Create ''num'' copies, but collated (by replicating the
2 perry 95 data in the !PostScript file). Slower than the ''-c''
1 perry 96 option, but easier on the hands, and faster than
2 perry 97 resubmitting the same !PostScript file multiple
1 perry 98 times.
99
100
101 __-d num__
102
103
104 Set the debug flags. This is intended only for emergencies
105 or for unusual fact-finding expeditions; it will work only
106 if __dvips__ has been compiled with the DEBUG option. If
107 nonzero, prints additional information on standard output.
108 The number is taken as a set of independent bits. The
109 meaning of each bit follows. 1=specials; 2=paths; 4=fonts;
110 8=pages; 16=headers; 32=font compression; 64=files;
111 128=memory; 256=Kpathsea stat(2) calls; 512=Kpathsea hash
112 table lookups; 1024=Kpathsea path element expansion;
113 2048=Kpathsea searches. To trace everything having to do
114 with file searching and opening, use 3650 (2048 + 1024 + 512
115 + 64 + 2). To track all classes, you can use `-1' (output is
116 extremely voluminous).
117
118
119 __-D num__
120
121
122 Set the resolution in dpi (dots per inch) to ''num.''
123 This affects the choice of bitmap fonts that are loaded and
2 perry 124 also the positioning of letters in resident !PostScript
1 perry 125 fonts. Must be between 10 and 10000. This affects both the
126 horizontal and vertical resolution. If a high resolution
127 (something greater than 400 dpi, say) is selected, the
128 ''-Z'' flag should probably also be used.
129
130
131 __-e num__
132
133
134 Make sure that each character is placed at most this many
135 pixels from its `true' resolution-independent position on
136 the page. The default value of this parameter is resolution
137 dependent. Allowing individual characters to `drift' from
138 their correctly rounded positions by a few pixels, while
139 regaining the true position at the beginning of each new
140 word, improves the spacing of letters in words.
141
142
143 __-E__
144
145
146 makes __dvips__ attempt to generate an EPSF file with a
147 tight bounding box. This only works on one-page files, and
148 it only looks at marks made by characters and rules, not by
149 any included graphics. In addition, it gets the glyph
150 metrics from the ''tfm'' file, so characters that lie
151 outside their enclosing ''tfm'' box may confuse it. In
152 addition, the bounding box might be a bit too loose if the
153 character glyph has significant left or right side bearings.
154 Nonetheless, this option works well for creating small EPSF
155 files for equations or tables or the like. (Note, of course,
156 that __dvips__ output is resolution dependent and thus
157 does not make very good EPSF files, especially if the images
158 are to be scaled; use these EPSF files with a great deal of
159 care.)
160
161
162 __-f__
163
164
165 Run as a filter. Read the ''.dvi'' file from standard
2 perry 166 input and write the !PostScript to standard output. The
1 perry 167 standard input must be seekable, so it cannot be a pipe. If
168 you must use a pipe, write a shell script that copies the
169 pipe output to a temporary file and then points __dvips__
170 at this file. This option also disables the automatic
171 reading of the ''PRINTER'' environment variable, and
172 turns off the automatic sending of control D if it was
173 turned on with the ''-F'' option or in the configuration
174 file; use ''-F'' after this option if you want
175 both.
176
177
178 __-F__
179
180
181 Causes Control-D (ASCII code 4) to be appended as the very
2 perry 182 last character of the !PostScript file. This is useful when
1 perry 183 __dvips__ is driving the printer directly instead of
184 working through a spooler, as is common on extremely small
185 systems. NOTE! DO NOT USE THIS OPTION!
186
187
188 __-h name__
189
190
191 Prepend file ''name'' as an additional header file.
192 (However, if the name is simply `-' suppress all header
193 files from the output.) This header file gets added to the
2 perry 194 !PostScript ''userdict.''
1 perry 195
196
197 __-i__
198
199
200 Make each section be a separate file. Under certain
201 circumstances, __dvips__ will split the document up into
202 `sections' to be processed independently; this is most often
203 done for memory reasons. Using this option tells
204 __dvips__ to place each section into a separate file; the
205 new file names are created replacing the suffix of the
206 supplied output file name by a three-digit sequence number.
207 This option is most often used in conjunction with the
208 ''-S'' option which sets the maximum section length in
209 pages. For instance, some phototypesetters cannot print more
210 than ten or so consecutive pages before running out of
211 steam; these options can be used to automatically split a
212 book into ten-page sections, each to its own
213 file.
214
215
216 __-k__
217
218
219 Print crop marks. This option increases the paper size
220 (which should be specified, either with a paper size special
221 or with the ''-T'' option) by a half inch in each
222 dimension. It translates each page by a quarter inch and
223 draws cross-style crop marks. It is mostly useful with
224 typesetters that can set the page size
225 automatically.
226
227
228 __-K__
229
230
2 perry 231 This option causes comments in included !PostScript graphics,
1 perry 232 font files, and headers to be removed. This is sometimes
2 perry 233 necessary to get around bugs in spoolers or !PostScript
1 perry 234 post-processing programs. Specifically, the %%Page comments,
235 when left in, often cause difficulties. Use of this flag can
2 perry 236 cause some included graphics to fail, since the !PostScript
1 perry 237 header macros from some software packages read portions of
238 the input stream line by line, searching for a particular
239 comment. This option has been turned off by default because
2 perry 240 !PostScript previewers and spoolers have been getting
1 perry 241 better.
242
243
244 __-l num__
245
246
247 The last page printed will be the first one numbered
248 ''num'' Default is the last page in the document. If the
249 ''num'' is prefixed by an equals sign, then it (and any
250 argument to the ''-p'' option) is treated as a sequence
251 number, rather than a value to compare with ''count0''
252 values. Thus, using ''-l =9'' will end with the ninth
253 page of the document, no matter what the pages are actually
254 numbered.
255
256
257 __-m__
258
259
260 Specify manual feed for printer.
261
262
263 __-M__
264
265
266 Turns off the automatic font generation facility. If any
267 fonts are missing, commands to generate the fonts are
268 appended to the file ''missfont.log'' in the current
269 directory; this file can then be executed and deleted to
270 create the missing fonts.
271
272
273 __-n num__
274
275
276 At most ''num'' pages will be printed. Default is
277 100000.
278
279
280 __-N__
281
282
283 Turns off structured comments; this might be necessary on
2 perry 284 some systems that try to interpret !PostScript comments in
285 weird ways, or on some !PostScript printers. Old versions of
286 !TranScript in particular cannot handle modern Encapsulated
287 !PostScript.
1 perry 288
289
290 __-o name__
291
292
293 The output will be sent to file ''name'' If no file name
294 is given, the default name is ''file.ps'' where the .dvi
295 file was called ''file.dvi;'' if this option isn't given,
296 any default in the configuration file is used. If the first
297 character of the supplied output file name is an exclamation
298 mark, then the remainder will be used as an argument to
299 ''popen;'' thus, specifying ''!lpr'' as the output
300 file will automatically queue the file for printing. When
301 running subprograms, __dvips__ sets the ''PRINTER''
302 and ''LPDEST'' environment variables to the printer name
303 (if available), so no ''-P'' option is needed for
304 ''lpr''. This option also disables the automatic reading
305 of the ''PRINTER'' environment variable, and turns off
306 the automatic sending of control D if it was turned on with
307 the ''-F'' option or in the configuration file; use
308 ''-F'' after this option if you want both.
309
310
311 __-O offset__
312
313
314 Move the origin by a certain amount. The ''offset'' is a
315 comma-separated pair of dimensions, such as
316 ''.1in,-.3cm'' (in the same syntax used in the
317 ''papersize'' special). The origin of the page is shifted
318 from the default position (of one inch down, one inch to the
319 right from the upper left corner of the paper) by this
320 amount.
321
322
323 __-p num__
324
325
326 The first page printed will be the first one numbered
327 ''num.'' Default is the first page in the document. If
328 the ''num'' is prefixed by an equals sign, then it (and
329 any argument to the ''-l'' option) is treated as a
330 sequence number, rather than a value to compare with
331 ''count0'' values. Thus, using ''-p =3'' will start
332 with the third page of the document, no matter what the
333 pages are actually numbered.
334
335
336 __-pp pagelist__
337
338
339 A comma-separated list of pages and ranges (a-b) may be
340 given, which will be interpreted as ''count0'' values.
341 Pages not specified will not be printed. Multiple __-pp__
342 options may be specified or all pages and page ranges can be
343 specified with one __-pp__ option.
344
345
346 __-P printername__
347
348
349 Sets up the output for the appropriate printer. This is
350 implemented by reading in ''config.printername'' , which
351 can then set the output pipe (as in, ''!lpr
352 -Pprintername'' as well as the font paths and any other
353 ''config.ps'' defaults for that printer only. Note that
354 ''config.ps'' is read before ''config.printername'' In
355 addition, another file called ''~/.dvipsrc'' is searched
356 for immediately after ''config.ps;'' this file is
357 intended for user defaults. If no ''-P'' command is
358 given, the environment variable ''PRINTER'' is checked.
359 If that variable exists, and a corresponding configuration
360 file exists, that configuration file is read
361 in.
362
363
364 __-q__
365
366
367 Run in quiet mode. Don't chatter about pages converted,
368 etc.; report nothing but errors to standard
369 error.
370
371
372 __-r__
373
374
375 Stack pages in reverse order. Normally, page 1 will be
376 printed first.
377
378
379 __-R__
380
381
382 Run in secure mode. This means that ``backtick'' commands
383 from a ''special{}'' or ''psffile{}'' macro in the
384 (La)TeX source like ''special{psfile=
385 '' or ''psffile[[72 72 540 720]{
386 '' are not executed.
387
388
389 __-s__
390
391
392 Causes the entire global output to be enclosed in a
393 save/restore pair. This causes the file to not be truly
394 conformant, and is thus not recommended, but is useful if
395 you are driving the printer directly and don't care too much
396 about the portability of the output.
397
398
399 __-S num__
400
401
402 Set the maximum number of pages in each `section'. This
403 option is most commonly used with the ''-i'' option; see
404 that documentation above for more information.
405
406
407 __-t papertype__
408
409
410 This sets the paper type to ''papertype.'' The
411 ''papertype'' should be defined in one of the
412 configuration files, along with the appropriate code to
413 select it. (Currently known types include ''letter, legal,
414 ledger, a4, a3,'' ) You can also specify ''-t
415 landscape,'' which rotates a document by 90 degrees. To
416 rotate a document whose size is not letter, you can use the
417 ''-t'' option twice, once for the page size, and once for
418 landscape. The upper left corner of each page in the
419 ''.dvi'' file is placed one inch from the left and one
420 inch from the top. Use of this option is highly dependent on
421 the configuration file. Note that executing the
2 perry 422 ''letter'' or ''a4'' or other !PostScript operators
1 perry 423 cause the document to be nonconforming and can cause it not
424 to print on certain printers, so the paper size should not
425 execute such an operator if at all possible.
426
427
428 __-T offset__
429
430
431 Set the paper size to the given pair of dimensions. This
432 option takes its arguments in the same style as ''-O.''
433 It overrides any paper size special in the dvi
434 file.
435
436
437 __-U__
438
439
2 perry 440 Disable a !PostScript virtual memory saving optimization that
1 perry 441 stores the character metric information in the same string
442 that is used to store the bitmap information. This is only
2 perry 443 necessary when driving the Xerox 4045 !PostScript
1 perry 444 interpreter. It is caused by a bug in that interpreter that
445 results in `garbage' on the bottom of each character. Not
446 recommended unless you must drive this printer.
447
448
449 __-V__
450
451
2 perry 452 Download non-resident !PostScript fonts as bitmaps. This
1 perry 453 requires use of `gsftopk' or `pstopk' or some other such
454 program(s) in order to generate the required bitmap fonts;
455 these programs are supplied with __dvips__.
456
457
458 __-x num__
459
460
461 Set the magnification ratio to ''num'' /1000. Overrides
462 the magnification specified in the .dvi file. Must be
463 between 10 and 100000.
464
465
466 __-X num__
467
468
469 Set the horizontal resolution in dots per inch to
470 ''num.''
471
472
473 __-Y num__
474
475
476 Set the vertical resolution in dots per inch to
477 ''num.''
478
479
480 __-Z__
481
482
483 Causes bitmapped fonts to be compressed before they are
2 perry 484 downloaded, thereby reducing the size of the !PostScript
1 perry 485 font-downloading information. Especially useful at high
486 resolutions or when very large fonts are used. Will slow
487 down printing somewhat, especially on early 68000-based
2 perry 488 !PostScript printers.
1 perry 489 !!SEE ALSO
490
491
492 mf(1), afm2tfm(1), tex(1), latex(1), lpr(1),
493 ''dvips.texi.''
494 !!ENVIRONMENT
495
496
497 Dvipsk uses the same environment variables and algorithms
498 for finding font files as TeX and its friends do. See the
499 documentation for the Kpathsea library for details.
500 (Repeating it here is too cumbersome.)
501
502
503 KPATHSEA_DEBUG: Trace Kpathsea lookups; set to -1 for
504 complete tracing.
505
506
507 PRINTER: see above.
508 !!NOTES
509
510
2 perry 511 !PostScript is a registered trademark of Adobe Systems
1 perry 512 Incorporated.
513 !!AUTHOR
514
515
516 Tomas Rokicki
517 ----
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