Differences between version 4 and predecessor to the previous major change of dlsym(3).
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| Newer page: | version 4 | Last edited on Tuesday, September 30, 2003 8:42:51 pm | by JohnMcPherson | Revert |
| Older page: | version 2 | Last edited on Tuesday, June 4, 2002 12:24:16 am | by perry | Revert |
@@ -1,53 +1,43 @@
-DLOPEN
!!!DLOPEN
-NAME
-SYNOPSIS
-DESCRIPTION
-RETURN VALUE
-EXAMPLE
-ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
-SEE ALSO
+
----
!!NAME
dlclose, dlerror, dlopen, dlsym - Programming interface to dynamic linking loader.
!!SYNOPSIS
-__#include __
+__#include __ <dlfcn.h>
-__
void *dlopen (const char *__''filename''__, int__
-
+void *dlopen (const char *__''filename''__, int__ ''flag''__);
+
const char *dlerror(void);
-void *dlsym(void *__''handle''__, char
-
-int dlclose (void *__''handle''__);__
+
+
void *dlsym(void *__''handle''__, char *__''symbol''__);
+
+int dlclose (void *__''handle''__);
Special symbols: ___init__, ___fini__.
!!DESCRIPTION
__dlopen__ loads a dynamic library from the file named by
the null terminated string ''filename'' and returns an
-opaque
+opaque "handle" for the dynamic library. If
''filename'' is not an absolute path (i.e., it does not
-begin with a
-''
+begin with a "/"), then the file is searched for in the following locations:
+;:A colon-separated list of directories in the user's __LD_LIBRARY_PATH__ environment variable.
-A colon-separated list of directories in the user's
-__LD_LIBRARY_PATH__ environment variable.
+;:The list of libraries cached in ''/etc/ld.so.cache''.
-The list of libraries cached in
-''/etc/ld.so.cache''.
-
-
+;:
''/usr/lib'', followed by ''/lib''.
If ''filename'' is a NULL pointer, then the returned
handle is for the main program.
@@ -55,10 +45,12 @@
External references in the library are resolved using the
libraries in that library's dependency list and any other
libraries previously opened with the __RTLD_GLOBAL__
-flag. If the executable was linked with the flag
-__
+flag. If the executable was linked with the flag "-rdynamic",
+then the global symbols in the executable will
+also be used to resolve references in a dynamically loaded library.
+
''flag'' must be either __RTLD_LAZY__, meaning resolve
undefined symbols as code from the dynamic library is
@@ -89,9 +81,9 @@
__dlerror()__ twice consecutively, will always result in
the second call returning NULL.)
-__dlsym__ takes a
+__dlsym__ takes a "handle" of a dynamic library returned by dlopen and the null terminated symbol name, returning the address where that symbol is loaded. If the symbol is not found,
__dlsym__ returns NULL; however, the
correct way to test for an error from __dlsym__ is to
save the result of __dlerror__ into a variable, and then
check if saved value is not NULL. This is because the value
@@ -99,44 +91,71 @@
to save the results of __dlerror__ into a variable
because if __dlerror__ is called again, it will return
NULL.
+
+There are two special pseudo‐handles, RTLD_DEFAULT and RTLD_NEXT. The former will find the first occurrence of the desired symbol using the
+default library search order. The latter, which is usable only from
+within a dynamic library, will find the next occurrence of a function
+in the search order after the current library. This allows one to provide a wrapper around a function in another shared library.
__dlclose__ decrements the reference count on the dynamic
library handle ''handle''. If the reference count drops
to zero and no other loaded libraries use symbols in it,
then the dynamic library is unloaded. If the dynamic library
exports a routine named ___fini__, then that routine is
called just before the library is unloaded.
-!!RETURN VALUE
+
+!!RETURN VALUE
__dlclose__ returns 0 on success, and non-zero on
error.
+
!!EXAMPLE
+__Load the math library, and print the cosine of 2.0:__
-__Load the math library, and print the cosine of
-2.0:__
+ #include <stdio.h>
+ #include <dlfcn.h>
-#include
+ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+ void *handle;
+ double (*cosine)(double);
+ char *error;
+ handle = dlopen ("/lib/libm.so", RTLD_LAZY);
+ if (!handle) {
+ fputs (dlerror(), stderr);
+ exit (1);
+ }
-If this program were in a file named
+ cosine = dlsym(handle, "cos");
+ if ((error = dlerror()) != NULL) {
+ fprintf (stderr, "%s\n", error);
+ exit (1);
+ }
+ printf ("%f\n", (*cosine)(2.0));
+ dlclose(handle);
+ }
+
+
+If this program were in a file named "foo.c", you would build the program with the following command:
+
+ gcc -rdynamic -o foo foo.c -ldl
-gcc -rdynamic -o foo foo.c -ldl
!!ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The dlopen interface standard comes from Solaris. The Linux
dlopen implementation was primarily written by Eric
Youngdale with help from Mitch D'Souza, David Engel, Hongjiu
Lu, Andreas Schwab and others. The manual page was written
by Adam Richter.
+
!!SEE ALSO
-ld(1), ld.so(8), ldconfig(8),
-
+ld(1), ld.so(8), ldconfig(8), ldd(1), __ld.so.info__, dladdr(3)
----
