version 2, including all changes.
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perry |
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display |
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!!!display |
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NAME |
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SYNOPSIS |
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DESCRIPTION |
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EXAMPLES |
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OPTIONS |
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MOUSE BUTTONS |
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COMMAND WIDGET |
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KEYBOARD ACCELERATORS |
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X RESOURCES |
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IMAGE LOADING |
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VISUAL IMAGE DIRECTORY |
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IMAGE CUTTING |
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IMAGE COPYING |
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IMAGE PASTING |
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IMAGE CROPPING |
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IMAGE CHOPPING |
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IMAGE ROTATION |
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IMAGE SEGMENTATION |
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IMAGE ANNOTATION |
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IMAGE COMPOSITING |
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COLOR EDITING |
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MATTE EDITING |
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IMAGE DRAWING |
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REGION OF INTEREST |
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IMAGE PANNING |
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USER PREFERENCES |
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ENVIRONMENT |
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS |
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SEE ALSO |
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COPYRIGHT |
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AUTHORS |
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---- |
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!!NAME |
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display - display an image on any workstation running X |
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!!SYNOPSIS |
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__display [[__ ''options'' __...]__ ''file'' |
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__[[__''options''__...]__''file'' |
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!!DESCRIPTION |
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Display is a machine architecture independent image |
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processing and display program. It can display an image on |
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any workstation screen running an X server. __Display__ |
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can read and write __many__ of the more popular image |
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formats (e.g. __JPEG__, __TIFF__, __PNM__, __Photo |
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CD__, etc.). |
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With __display__, you can perform these functions on an |
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image: |
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o load an image from a file o display the next image o |
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display the former image o display a sequence of images as a |
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slide show o write the image to a file o print the image to |
2 |
perry |
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a ''!PostScript'' printer o delete the image file o create |
1 |
perry |
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a Visual Image Directory o select the image to display by |
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its thumbnail rather than name o undo last image |
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transformation o copy a region of the image o paste a region |
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to the image o restore the image to its original size o |
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refresh the image o half the image size o double the image |
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size o resize the image o crop the image o cut the image o |
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flop image in the horizontal direction o flip image in the |
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vertical direction o rotate the image 90 degrees clockwise o |
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rotate the image 90 degrees counter-clockwise o rotate the |
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image o shear the image o roll the image o trim the image |
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edges o invert the colors of the image o vary the color |
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brightness o vary the color saturation o vary the image hue |
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o gamma correct the image o sharpen the image contrast o |
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dull the image contrast o perform histogram equalization on |
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the image o perform histogram normalization on the image o |
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negate the image colors o convert the image to grayscale o |
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set the maximum number of unique colors in the image o |
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reduce the speckles within an image o eliminate peak noise |
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from an image o detect edges within the image o emboss an |
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image o segment the image by color o simulate an oil |
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painting o simulate a charcoal drawing o annotate the image |
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with text o draw on the image o edit an image pixel color o |
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edit the image matte information o composite an image with |
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another o add a border to the image o surround image with an |
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ornamental border o apply image processing techniques to a |
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region of interest o display information about the image o |
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zoom a portion of the image o show a histogram of the image |
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o display image to background of a window o set user |
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preferences o display information about this program o |
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discard all images and exit program o change the level of |
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magnification o display images specified by a World Wide Web |
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(WWW) uniform resource locator (URL) |
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!!EXAMPLES |
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To scale an image of a cockatoo to exactly 640 pixels in |
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width and 480 pixels in height and position the window at |
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location (200,200), use: |
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display -geometry 640x480+200+200! |
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cockatoo.miff |
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To display an image of a cockatoo without a border centered |
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on a backdrop, use: |
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display +borderwidth -backdrop cockatoo.miff |
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To tile a slate texture onto the root window, |
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use: |
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display -size 1280x1024 -window root slate.png |
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To display a visual image directory of all your JPEG images, |
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use: |
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display 'vid:*.jpg' |
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To display a MAP image that is 640 pixels in width and 480 |
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pixels in height with 256 colors, use: |
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display -size 640x480+256 cockatoo.map |
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To display an image of a cockatoo specified with a __World |
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Wide Web (WWW)__ uniform resource locator __(URL)__, |
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use: |
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display |
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ftp://wizards.dupont.com/images/cockatoo.jpg |
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To display histogram of an image, use: |
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convert file.jpg HISTOGRAM:- | display - |
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!!OPTIONS |
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Options are processed in command line order. Any option you |
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specify on the command line remains in effect until it is |
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explicitly changed by specifying the option again with a |
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different effect. For example to display three images, the |
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first with 32 colors, the second with an unlimited number of |
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colors, and the third with only 16 colors, use: |
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display -colors 32 cockatoo.miff -noop duck.miff -colors 16 |
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macaw.miff |
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__Display__ options can appear on the command line or in |
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your X resources file. See ''X(1)''. Options on the |
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command line supersede values specified in your X resources |
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file. |
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For a more detailed description of each option, see |
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''imagemagick(1)''. |
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__-backdrop__ '''' |
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display the image centered on a backdrop. |
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__-background__ '''' |
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the background color |
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__-border__ |
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'''' |
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surround the image with a border of color |
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__-bordercolor__ '''' |
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the border color |
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__-borderwidth__ '''' |
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the border width |
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__-cache__ '''' |
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megabytes of memory available to the pixel |
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cache |
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__-colormap__ '''' |
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define the colormap type |
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__-colors__ '''' |
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preferred number of colors in the image |
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__-colorspace__ '''' |
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the type of colorspace |
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__-comment__ '''' |
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annotate an image with a comment |
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__-compress__ '''' |
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the type of image compression |
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__-contrast__ |
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enhance or reduce the image contrast |
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__-crop__ |
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'''' |
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preferred size and location of the cropped |
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image |
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__-debug__ |
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enable debug printout |
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__-delay__ '' |
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'' |
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display the next image after pausing |
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__-density__ |
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'''' |
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vertical and horizontal resolution in pixels of the |
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image |
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__-depth__ '''' |
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depth of the image |
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__-despeckle__ |
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reduce the speckles within an image |
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__-display__ |
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'''' |
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specifies the X server to contact |
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__-dispose__ '''' |
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GIF disposal method |
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__-dither__ |
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apply Floyd/Steinberg error diffusion to the |
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image |
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__-edge__ '''' |
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detect edges within an image |
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__-endian__ '''' |
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specify endianness (MSB or LSB) of output image |
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__-enhance__ |
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apply a digital filter to enhance a noisy image |
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__-filter__ '''' |
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use this type of filter when resizing an image |
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__-flip__ |
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create a |
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__-flop__ |
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create a |
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__-font__ '''' |
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use this font when annotating the image with |
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text |
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__-foreground__ '''' |
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define the foreground color |
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__-frame__ '' |
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'' |
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surround the image with an ornamental border |
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__-gamma__ '''' |
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level of gamma correction |
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__-geometry__ |
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'' |
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'' |
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preferred size and location of the Image |
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window. |
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377 |
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378 |
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__-help__ |
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380 |
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381 |
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print usage instructions |
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384 |
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__-iconGeometry__ '''' |
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specify the icon geometry |
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__-iconic__ |
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iconic animation |
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__-immutable__ |
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make image immutable |
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402 |
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__-interlace__ '''' |
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the type of interlacing scheme |
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408 |
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__-label__ '''' |
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410 |
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411 |
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assign a label to an image |
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__-magnify__ '''' |
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417 |
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magnify the image |
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419 |
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__-map__ '''' |
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422 |
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423 |
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display image using this type. |
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__-matte__ |
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428 |
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429 |
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store matte channel if the image has one |
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431 |
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432 |
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__-mattecolor__ '''' |
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434 |
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435 |
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specify the matte color |
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437 |
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__-monochrome__ |
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440 |
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441 |
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transform the image to black and white |
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443 |
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__-name__ |
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446 |
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447 |
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name an image |
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449 |
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450 |
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__-negate__ |
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452 |
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453 |
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replace every pixel with its complementary |
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color |
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456 |
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457 |
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__-noop__ |
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459 |
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460 |
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NOOP (no option) |
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462 |
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463 |
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__-page__ |
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'''' |
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466 |
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467 |
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468 |
size and location of an image canvas |
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469 |
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470 |
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__-quality__ '''' |
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472 |
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473 |
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JPEG/MIFF/PNG compression level |
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475 |
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476 |
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__-raise__ |
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'''' |
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479 |
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480 |
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481 |
lighten or darken image edges |
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482 |
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483 |
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__-remote__ |
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485 |
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486 |
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perform a remote operation |
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488 |
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489 |
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__-roll__ ''{+-}'' |
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492 |
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roll an image vertically or horizontally |
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494 |
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495 |
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|
|
496 |
__-rotate__ |
|
|
497 |
'''' |
|
|
498 |
|
|
|
499 |
|
|
|
500 |
apply Paeth image rotation to the image |
|
|
501 |
|
|
|
502 |
|
|
|
503 |
__-sample__ '''' |
|
|
504 |
|
|
|
505 |
|
|
|
506 |
scale image with pixel sampling |
|
|
507 |
|
|
|
508 |
|
|
|
509 |
__-sampling_factor__ |
|
|
510 |
'''' |
|
|
511 |
|
|
|
512 |
|
|
|
513 |
sampling factors used by JPEG encoder. |
|
|
514 |
|
|
|
515 |
|
|
|
516 |
__-scenes__ '''' |
|
|
517 |
|
|
|
518 |
|
|
|
519 |
range of image scene numbers to read |
|
|
520 |
|
|
|
521 |
|
|
|
522 |
__-segment__ '' |
|
|
523 |
'' |
|
|
524 |
|
|
|
525 |
|
|
|
526 |
segment an image |
|
|
527 |
|
|
|
528 |
|
|
|
529 |
__-shared_memory__ |
|
|
530 |
|
|
|
531 |
|
|
|
532 |
use shared memory |
|
|
533 |
|
|
|
534 |
|
|
|
535 |
__-sharpen__ |
|
|
536 |
'''' |
|
|
537 |
|
|
|
538 |
|
|
|
539 |
sharpen the image |
|
|
540 |
|
|
|
541 |
|
|
|
542 |
__-size__ |
|
|
543 |
'''' |
|
|
544 |
|
|
|
545 |
|
|
|
546 |
width and height of the image |
|
|
547 |
|
|
|
548 |
|
|
|
549 |
__-text_font__ '''' |
|
|
550 |
|
|
|
551 |
|
|
|
552 |
font for writing fixed-width text |
|
|
553 |
|
|
|
554 |
|
|
|
555 |
__-texture__ '''' |
|
|
556 |
|
|
|
557 |
|
|
|
558 |
name of texture to tile onto the image |
|
|
559 |
background |
|
|
560 |
|
|
|
561 |
|
|
|
562 |
__-title__ '''' |
|
|
563 |
|
|
|
564 |
|
|
|
565 |
assign title to displayed image [[''animate, display, |
|
|
566 |
montage''] |
|
|
567 |
|
|
|
568 |
|
|
|
569 |
__-treedepth__ '''' |
|
|
570 |
|
|
|
571 |
|
|
|
572 |
tree depth for the color reduction algorithm |
|
|
573 |
|
|
|
574 |
|
|
|
575 |
__-trim__ |
|
|
576 |
|
|
|
577 |
|
|
|
578 |
trim an image |
|
|
579 |
|
|
|
580 |
|
|
|
581 |
__-update__ '''' |
|
|
582 |
|
|
|
583 |
|
|
|
584 |
detect when image file is modified and |
|
|
585 |
redisplay. |
|
|
586 |
|
|
|
587 |
|
|
|
588 |
__-use_pixmap__ |
|
|
589 |
|
|
|
590 |
|
|
|
591 |
use the pixmap |
|
|
592 |
|
|
|
593 |
|
|
|
594 |
__-verbose__ |
|
|
595 |
|
|
|
596 |
|
|
|
597 |
print detailed information about the image |
|
|
598 |
|
|
|
599 |
|
|
|
600 |
__-visual__ '''' |
|
|
601 |
|
|
|
602 |
|
|
|
603 |
animate images using this X visual type |
|
|
604 |
|
|
|
605 |
|
|
|
606 |
__-window__ '''' |
|
|
607 |
|
|
|
608 |
|
|
|
609 |
make image the background of a window |
|
|
610 |
|
|
|
611 |
|
|
|
612 |
__-window_group__ |
|
|
613 |
|
|
|
614 |
|
|
|
615 |
specify the window group |
|
|
616 |
|
|
|
617 |
|
|
|
618 |
__-write__ '''' |
|
|
619 |
|
|
|
620 |
|
|
|
621 |
write the image to a file [[''display''] |
|
|
622 |
|
|
|
623 |
|
|
|
624 |
For a more detailed description of each option, see |
2 |
perry |
625 |
''!ImageMagick(1)''. |
1 |
perry |
626 |
!!MOUSE BUTTONS |
|
|
627 |
|
|
|
628 |
|
|
|
629 |
The effects of each button press is described below. Three |
|
|
630 |
buttons are required. If you have a two button mouse, button |
|
|
631 |
1 and 3 are returned. Press __ALT__ and button 3 to |
|
|
632 |
simulate button 2. |
|
|
633 |
|
|
|
634 |
|
|
|
635 |
__1__ |
|
|
636 |
|
|
|
637 |
|
|
|
638 |
Press this button to map or unmap the Command widget . See |
|
|
639 |
the next section for more information about the Command |
|
|
640 |
widget. |
|
|
641 |
|
|
|
642 |
|
|
|
643 |
__2__ |
|
|
644 |
|
|
|
645 |
|
|
|
646 |
Press and drag to define a region of the image to |
|
|
647 |
magnify. |
|
|
648 |
|
|
|
649 |
|
|
|
650 |
__3__ |
|
|
651 |
|
|
|
652 |
|
|
|
653 |
Press and drag to choose from a select set of |
|
|
654 |
__display(1)__ commands. This button behaves differently |
|
|
655 |
if the image being displayed is a visual image directory. |
|
|
656 |
Choose a particular tile of the directory and press this |
|
|
657 |
button and drag to select a command from a pop-up menu. |
|
|
658 |
Choose from these menu items: |
|
|
659 |
|
|
|
660 |
|
|
|
661 |
Open Next Former Delete Update |
|
|
662 |
|
|
|
663 |
|
|
|
664 |
If you choose __Open__, the image represented by the tile |
|
|
665 |
is displayed. To return to the visual image directory, |
|
|
666 |
choose __Next__ from the Command widget (refer to Command |
|
|
667 |
Widget). __Next__ and __Former__ moves to the next or |
|
|
668 |
former image respectively. Choose __Delete__ to delete a |
|
|
669 |
particular image tile. Finally, choose __Update__ to |
|
|
670 |
synchronize all the image tiles with their respective |
|
|
671 |
images. See montage and miff for more details. |
|
|
672 |
!!COMMAND WIDGET |
|
|
673 |
|
|
|
674 |
|
|
|
675 |
The Command widget lists a number of sub-menus and commands. |
|
|
676 |
They are |
|
|
677 |
|
|
|
678 |
|
|
|
679 |
__File__ |
|
|
680 |
|
|
|
681 |
|
|
|
682 |
Open... Next Former Select... Save... Print... Delete... |
|
|
683 |
Canvas... Visual Directory... Quit |
|
|
684 |
|
|
|
685 |
|
|
|
686 |
__Edit__ |
|
|
687 |
|
|
|
688 |
|
|
|
689 |
Undo Redo Cut Copy Paste |
|
|
690 |
|
|
|
691 |
|
|
|
692 |
__View__ |
|
|
693 |
|
|
|
694 |
|
|
|
695 |
Half Size Original Size Double Size Resize... Apply Refresh |
|
|
696 |
Restore |
|
|
697 |
|
|
|
698 |
|
|
|
699 |
__Transform__ |
|
|
700 |
|
|
|
701 |
|
|
|
702 |
Crop Chop Flop Flip Rotate Right Rotate Left Rotate... |
|
|
703 |
Shear... Roll... Trim Edges |
|
|
704 |
|
|
|
705 |
|
|
|
706 |
__Enhance__ |
|
|
707 |
|
|
|
708 |
|
|
|
709 |
Hue... Saturation... Brightness... Gamma... Spiff... Dull |
|
|
710 |
Equalize Normalize Negate GRAYscale Quantize... |
|
|
711 |
|
|
|
712 |
|
|
|
713 |
__Effects__ |
|
|
714 |
|
|
|
715 |
|
|
|
716 |
Despeckle Emboss Reduce Noise Add Noise Sharpen... Blur... |
|
|
717 |
Threshold... Edge Detect... Spread... Shade... Raise... |
|
|
718 |
Segment... |
|
|
719 |
|
|
|
720 |
|
|
|
721 |
__F/X__ |
|
|
722 |
|
|
|
723 |
|
|
|
724 |
Solarize... Swirl... Implode... Wave... Oil Paint... |
|
|
725 |
Charcoal Draw... |
|
|
726 |
|
|
|
727 |
|
|
|
728 |
__Image Edit__ |
|
|
729 |
|
|
|
730 |
|
|
|
731 |
Annotate... Draw... Color... Matte... Composite... Add |
|
|
732 |
Border... Add Frame... Comment... Launch... Region of |
|
|
733 |
Interest... |
|
|
734 |
|
|
|
735 |
|
|
|
736 |
__Miscellany__ |
|
|
737 |
|
|
|
738 |
|
|
|
739 |
Image Info Zoom Image Show Preview... Show Histogram Show |
|
|
740 |
Matte Background... Slide Show Preferences... |
|
|
741 |
|
|
|
742 |
|
|
|
743 |
__Help__ |
|
|
744 |
|
|
|
745 |
|
|
|
746 |
Overview Browse Documentation About Display |
|
|
747 |
|
|
|
748 |
|
|
|
749 |
Menu items with a indented triangle have a sub-menu. They |
|
|
750 |
are represented above as the indented items. To access a |
|
|
751 |
sub-menu item, move the pointer to the appropriate menu and |
|
|
752 |
press button 1 and drag. When you find the desired sub-menu |
|
|
753 |
item, release the button and the command is executed. Move |
|
|
754 |
the pointer away from the sub-menu if you decide not to |
|
|
755 |
execute a particular command. |
|
|
756 |
!!KEYBOARD ACCELERATORS |
|
|
757 |
|
|
|
758 |
|
|
|
759 |
Accelerators are one or two key presses that effect a |
|
|
760 |
particular command. The keyboard accelerators that |
|
|
761 |
__display__ understands is: |
|
|
762 |
|
|
|
763 |
|
|
|
764 |
Ctl+O Press to load an image from a file. space Press to |
|
|
765 |
display the next image. |
|
|
766 |
|
|
|
767 |
|
|
|
768 |
If the image is a multi-paged document such as a |
2 |
perry |
769 |
''!PostScript'' document, you can skip ahead several pages |
1 |
perry |
770 |
by preceding this command with a number. For example to |
|
|
771 |
display the fourth page beyond the current page, press |
|
|
772 |
4space. |
|
|
773 |
|
|
|
774 |
|
|
|
775 |
backspace Press to display the former image. |
|
|
776 |
|
|
|
777 |
|
|
|
778 |
If the image is a multi-paged document such as a |
2 |
perry |
779 |
''!PostScript'' document, you can skip behind several |
1 |
perry |
780 |
pages by preceding this command with a number. For example |
|
|
781 |
to display the fourth page preceding the current page, press |
|
|
782 |
4n. |
|
|
783 |
|
|
|
784 |
|
|
|
785 |
Ctl-S Press to save the image to a file. Ctl-P Press to |
2 |
perry |
786 |
print the image to a ''!PostScript'' printer. Ctl-D Press |
1 |
perry |
787 |
to delete an image file. Ctl-N Press to create a blank |
|
|
788 |
canvas. Ctl-Q Press to discard all images and exit program. |
|
|
789 |
Ctl+Z Press to undo last image transformation. Ctl+R Press |
|
|
790 |
to redo last image transformation. Ctl-X Press to cut a |
|
|
791 |
region of the image. Ctl-C Press to copy a region of the |
|
|
792 |
image. Ctl-V Press to paste a region to the image. |
|
|
793 |
'' |
|
|
794 |
|
|
|
795 |
|
|
|
796 |
Use the arrow keys to move the image one pixel up, down, |
|
|
797 |
left, or right within the magnify window. Be sure to first |
|
|
798 |
map the magnify window by pressing button 2. |
|
|
799 |
|
|
|
800 |
|
|
|
801 |
Press ALT and one of the arrow keys to trim off one pixel |
|
|
802 |
from any side of the image. |
|
|
803 |
!!X RESOURCES |
|
|
804 |
|
|
|
805 |
|
|
|
806 |
__Display__ options can appear on the command line or in |
|
|
807 |
your X resource file. Options on the command line supersede |
|
|
808 |
values specified in your X resource file. See ''X(1)'' |
|
|
809 |
for more information on X resources. |
|
|
810 |
|
|
|
811 |
|
|
|
812 |
Most __display__ options have a corresponding X resource. |
|
|
813 |
In addition, __display__ uses the following X |
|
|
814 |
resources: |
|
|
815 |
|
|
|
816 |
|
|
|
817 |
__background__ ''(class Background)'' |
|
|
818 |
|
|
|
819 |
|
|
|
820 |
Specifies the preferred color to use for the Image window |
|
|
821 |
background. The default is #ccc. |
|
|
822 |
|
|
|
823 |
|
2 |
perry |
824 |
__borderColor__ ''(class !BorderColor)'' |
1 |
perry |
825 |
|
|
|
826 |
|
|
|
827 |
Specifies the preferred color to use for the Image window |
|
|
828 |
border. The default is #ccc. |
|
|
829 |
|
|
|
830 |
|
2 |
perry |
831 |
__borderWidth__ ''(class !BorderWidth)'' |
1 |
perry |
832 |
|
|
|
833 |
|
|
|
834 |
Specifies the width in pixels of the image window border. |
|
|
835 |
The default is 2. |
|
|
836 |
|
|
|
837 |
|
|
|
838 |
__browseCommand__ ''(class |
|
|
839 |
browseCommand)'' |
|
|
840 |
|
|
|
841 |
|
|
|
842 |
Specifies the name of the preferred browser when displaying |
2 |
perry |
843 |
!ImageMagick documentation. The default is netscape |
1 |
perry |
844 |
%s. |
|
|
845 |
|
|
|
846 |
|
2 |
perry |
847 |
__confirmExit__ ''(class !ConfirmExit)'' |
1 |
perry |
848 |
|
|
|
849 |
|
|
|
850 |
__Display__ pops up a dialog box to confirm exiting the |
|
|
851 |
program when exiting the program. Set this resource to False |
|
|
852 |
to exit without a confirmation. |
|
|
853 |
|
|
|
854 |
|
2 |
perry |
855 |
__displayGamma__ ''(class !DisplayGamma)'' |
1 |
perry |
856 |
|
|
|
857 |
|
|
|
858 |
Specifies the gamma of the X server. |
|
|
859 |
|
|
|
860 |
|
|
|
861 |
You can apply separate gamma values to the red, green, and |
|
|
862 |
blue channels of the image with a gamma value list |
|
|
863 |
delineated with slashes (i.e. 1.7/2.3/1.2). |
|
|
864 |
|
|
|
865 |
|
|
|
866 |
The default is 2.2. |
|
|
867 |
|
|
|
868 |
|
|
|
869 |
__displayWarnings__ ''(class |
2 |
perry |
870 |
!DisplayWarnings)'' |
1 |
perry |
871 |
|
|
|
872 |
|
|
|
873 |
__Display__ pops up a dialog box whenever a warning |
|
|
874 |
message occurs. Set this resource to False to ignore warning |
|
|
875 |
messages. |
|
|
876 |
|
|
|
877 |
|
2 |
perry |
878 |
__font__ ''(class !FontList)'' |
1 |
perry |
879 |
|
|
|
880 |
|
|
|
881 |
Specifies the name of the preferred font to use in normal |
|
|
882 |
formatted text. The default is 14 point |
|
|
883 |
Helvetica. |
|
|
884 |
|
|
|
885 |
|
|
|
886 |
__font[[1-9]__ ''(class Font[[1-9])'' |
|
|
887 |
|
|
|
888 |
|
|
|
889 |
Specifies the name of the preferred font to use when |
|
|
890 |
annotating the image window with text. The default fonts are |
|
|
891 |
fixed, variable, 5x8, 6x10, 7x13bold, 8x13bold, 9x15bold, |
|
|
892 |
10x20, and 12x24. |
|
|
893 |
|
|
|
894 |
|
|
|
895 |
__foreground__ ''(class Foreground)'' |
|
|
896 |
|
|
|
897 |
|
|
|
898 |
Specifies the preferred color to use for text within the |
|
|
899 |
image window. The default is black. |
|
|
900 |
|
|
|
901 |
|
|
|
902 |
__gammaCorrect__ ''(class gammaCorrect)'' |
|
|
903 |
|
|
|
904 |
|
|
|
905 |
This resource, if true, will lighten or darken an image of |
|
|
906 |
known gamma to match the gamma of the display (see resource |
|
|
907 |
__displayGamma__). The default is True. |
|
|
908 |
|
|
|
909 |
|
|
|
910 |
__geometry__ ''(class Geometry)'' |
|
|
911 |
|
|
|
912 |
|
|
|
913 |
Specifies the preferred size and position of the image |
|
|
914 |
window. It is not necessarily obeyed by all window |
|
|
915 |
managers. |
|
|
916 |
|
|
|
917 |
|
|
|
918 |
Offsets, if present, are handled in ''X(1)'' style. A |
|
|
919 |
negative x offset is measured from the right edge of the |
|
|
920 |
screen to the right edge of the icon, and a negative y |
|
|
921 |
offset is measured from the bottom edge of the screen to the |
|
|
922 |
bottom edge of the icon. |
|
|
923 |
|
|
|
924 |
|
2 |
perry |
925 |
__iconGeometry__ ''(class !IconGeometry)'' |
1 |
perry |
926 |
|
|
|
927 |
|
|
|
928 |
Specifies the preferred size and position of the application |
|
|
929 |
when iconified. It is not necessarily obeyed by all window |
|
|
930 |
managers. |
|
|
931 |
|
|
|
932 |
|
|
|
933 |
Offsets, if present, are handled in the same manner as in |
|
|
934 |
class Geometry. |
|
|
935 |
|
|
|
936 |
|
|
|
937 |
__iconic__ ''(class Iconic)'' |
|
|
938 |
|
|
|
939 |
|
|
|
940 |
This resource indicates that you would prefer that the |
|
|
941 |
application's windows initially not be visible as if the |
|
|
942 |
windows had be immediately iconified by you. Window managers |
|
|
943 |
may choose not to honor the application's |
|
|
944 |
request. |
|
|
945 |
|
|
|
946 |
|
|
|
947 |
__magnify__ ''(class Magnify)'' |
|
|
948 |
|
|
|
949 |
|
|
|
950 |
specifies an integral factor by which the image should be |
|
|
951 |
enlarged. The default is 3. |
|
|
952 |
|
|
|
953 |
|
|
|
954 |
This value only affects the magnification window which is |
|
|
955 |
invoked with button number 3 after the image is |
|
|
956 |
displayed. |
|
|
957 |
|
|
|
958 |
|
2 |
perry |
959 |
__matteColor__ ''(class !MatteColor)'' |
1 |
perry |
960 |
|
|
|
961 |
|
|
|
962 |
Specify the color of windows. It is used for the backgrounds |
|
|
963 |
of windows, menus, and notices. A 3D effect is achieved by |
|
|
964 |
using highlight and shadow colors derived from this color. |
|
|
965 |
Default value: #697B8F. |
|
|
966 |
|
|
|
967 |
|
|
|
968 |
__name__ ''(class Name)'' |
|
|
969 |
|
|
|
970 |
|
|
|
971 |
This resource specifies the name under which resources for |
|
|
972 |
the application should be found. This resource is useful in |
|
|
973 |
shell aliases to distinguish between invocations of an |
|
|
974 |
application, without resorting to creating links to alter |
|
|
975 |
the executable file name. The default is the application |
|
|
976 |
name. |
|
|
977 |
|
|
|
978 |
|
|
|
979 |
__pen[[1-9]__ ''(class Pen[[1-9])'' |
|
|
980 |
|
|
|
981 |
|
|
|
982 |
Specifies the color of the preferred font to use when |
|
|
983 |
annotating the image window with text. The default colors |
|
|
984 |
are black, blue, green, cyan, gray, red, magenta, yellow, |
|
|
985 |
and white. |
|
|
986 |
|
|
|
987 |
|
2 |
perry |
988 |
__printCommand__ ''(class !PrintCommand)'' |
1 |
perry |
989 |
|
|
|
990 |
|
|
|
991 |
This command is executed whenever Print is issued. In |
2 |
perry |
992 |
general, it is the command to print ''!PostScript'' to |
1 |
perry |
993 |
your printer. Default value: lp -c -s %i. |
|
|
994 |
|
|
|
995 |
|
2 |
perry |
996 |
__sharedMemory__ ''(class !SharedMemory)'' |
1 |
perry |
997 |
|
|
|
998 |
|
|
|
999 |
This resource specifies whether display should attempt use |
2 |
perry |
1000 |
shared memory for pixmaps. !ImageMagick must be compiled with |
1 |
perry |
1001 |
shared memory support, and the display must support the |
|
|
1002 |
MIT-SHM extension. Otherwise, this resource is ignored. The |
|
|
1003 |
default is True. |
|
|
1004 |
|
|
|
1005 |
|
|
|
1006 |
__textFont__ ''(class textFont)'' |
|
|
1007 |
|
|
|
1008 |
|
|
|
1009 |
Specifies the name of the preferred font to use in fixed |
|
|
1010 |
(typewriter style) formatted text. The default is 14 point |
|
|
1011 |
Courier. |
|
|
1012 |
|
|
|
1013 |
|
|
|
1014 |
__title__ ''(class Title)'' |
|
|
1015 |
|
|
|
1016 |
|
|
|
1017 |
This resource specifies the title to be used for the image |
|
|
1018 |
window. This information is sometimes used by a window |
|
|
1019 |
manager to provide a header identifying the window. The |
|
|
1020 |
default is the image file name. |
|
|
1021 |
|
|
|
1022 |
|
2 |
perry |
1023 |
__undoCache__ ''(class !UndoCache)'' |
1 |
perry |
1024 |
|
|
|
1025 |
|
|
|
1026 |
Specifies, in mega-bytes, the amount of memory in the undo |
|
|
1027 |
edit cache. Each time you modify the image it is saved in |
|
|
1028 |
the undo edit cache as long as memory is available. You can |
|
|
1029 |
subsequently ''undo'' one or more of these |
|
|
1030 |
transformations. The default is 16 Megabytes. |
|
|
1031 |
|
|
|
1032 |
|
2 |
perry |
1033 |
__usePixmap__ ''(class !UsePixmap)'' |
1 |
perry |
1034 |
|
|
|
1035 |
|
|
|
1036 |
Images are maintained as a XImage by default. Set this |
|
|
1037 |
resource to True to utilize a server Pixmap instead. This |
|
|
1038 |
option is useful if your image exceeds the dimensions of |
|
|
1039 |
your server screen and you intend to pan the image. Panning |
|
|
1040 |
is much faster with Pixmaps than with a XImage. Pixmaps are |
|
|
1041 |
considered a precious resource, use them with |
|
|
1042 |
discretion. |
|
|
1043 |
|
|
|
1044 |
|
|
|
1045 |
To set the geometry of the Magnify or Pan or window, use the |
|
|
1046 |
geometry resource. For example, to set the Pan window |
|
|
1047 |
geometry to 256x256, use: |
|
|
1048 |
|
|
|
1049 |
|
|
|
1050 |
display.pan.geometry: 256x256 |
|
|
1051 |
!!IMAGE LOADING |
|
|
1052 |
|
|
|
1053 |
|
|
|
1054 |
To select an image to display, choose __Open__ of the |
|
|
1055 |
__File__ sub-menu from the Command widget. A file browser |
|
|
1056 |
is displayed. To choose a particular image file, move the |
|
|
1057 |
pointer to the filename and press any button. The filename |
|
|
1058 |
is copied to the text window. Next, press __Open__ or |
|
|
1059 |
press the __RETURN__ key. Alternatively, you can type the |
|
|
1060 |
image file name directly into the text window. To descend |
|
|
1061 |
directories, choose a directory name and press the button |
|
|
1062 |
twice quickly. A scrollbar allows a large list of filenames |
|
|
1063 |
to be moved through the viewing area if it exceeds the size |
|
|
1064 |
of the list area. |
|
|
1065 |
|
|
|
1066 |
|
|
|
1067 |
You can trim the list of file names by using shell globbing |
|
|
1068 |
characters. For example, type *.jpg to list only files that |
|
|
1069 |
end with .jpg. |
|
|
1070 |
|
|
|
1071 |
|
|
|
1072 |
To select your image from the X server screen instead of |
|
|
1073 |
from a file, Choose __Grab__ of the __Open__ |
|
|
1074 |
widget. |
|
|
1075 |
!!VISUAL IMAGE DIRECTORY |
|
|
1076 |
|
|
|
1077 |
|
|
|
1078 |
To create a Visual Image Directory, choose Visual Directory |
|
|
1079 |
of the __File__ sub-menu from the Command widget . A file |
|
|
1080 |
browser is displayed. To create a Visual Image Directory |
|
|
1081 |
from all the images in the current directory, press |
|
|
1082 |
__Directory__ or press the __RETURN key__. |
|
|
1083 |
Alternatively, you can select a set of image names by using |
|
|
1084 |
shell globbing characters. For example, type *.jpg to |
|
|
1085 |
include only files that end with .jpg. To descend |
|
|
1086 |
directories, choose a directory name and press the button |
|
|
1087 |
twice quickly. A scrollbar allows a large list of filenames |
|
|
1088 |
to be moved through the viewing area if it exceeds the size |
|
|
1089 |
of the list area. |
|
|
1090 |
|
|
|
1091 |
|
|
|
1092 |
After you select a set of files, they are turned into |
|
|
1093 |
thumbnails and tiled onto a single image. Now move the |
|
|
1094 |
pointer to a particular thumbnail and press __button 3__ |
|
|
1095 |
and drag. Finally, select Open. The image represented by the |
|
|
1096 |
thumbnail is displayed at its full size. Choose __Next__ |
|
|
1097 |
from the __File__ sub-menu of the Command widget to |
|
|
1098 |
return to the Visual Image Directory. |
|
|
1099 |
!!IMAGE CUTTING |
|
|
1100 |
|
|
|
1101 |
|
|
|
1102 |
Note that cut information for image window is not retained |
2 |
perry |
1103 |
for colormapped X server visuals (e.g. ''!StaticColor'', |
|
|
1104 |
''!StaticColor'', ''GRAYScale'', ''!PseudoColor''). |
|
|
1105 |
Correct cutting behavior may require a ''!TrueColor'' or |
|
|
1106 |
''!DirectColor'' visual or a ''Standard |
1 |
perry |
1107 |
Colormap''. |
|
|
1108 |
|
|
|
1109 |
|
|
|
1110 |
To begin, press choose __Cut__ of the __Edit__ |
|
|
1111 |
sub-menu from the Command widget. Alternatively, press |
|
|
1112 |
__F3__ in the image window. |
|
|
1113 |
|
|
|
1114 |
|
|
|
1115 |
A small window appears showing the location of the cursor in |
|
|
1116 |
the image window. You are now in cut mode. In cut mode, the |
|
|
1117 |
Command widget has these options: |
|
|
1118 |
|
|
|
1119 |
|
|
|
1120 |
__Help Dismiss__ |
|
|
1121 |
|
|
|
1122 |
|
|
|
1123 |
To define a cut region, press button 1 and drag. The cut |
|
|
1124 |
region is defined by a highlighted rectangle that expands or |
|
|
1125 |
contracts as it follows the pointer. Once you are satisfied |
|
|
1126 |
with the cut region, release the button. You are now in |
|
|
1127 |
rectify mode. In rectify mode, the Command widget has these |
|
|
1128 |
options: |
|
|
1129 |
|
|
|
1130 |
|
|
|
1131 |
__Cut Help Dismiss__ |
|
|
1132 |
|
|
|
1133 |
|
|
|
1134 |
You can make adjustments by moving the pointer to one of the |
|
|
1135 |
cut rectangle corners, pressing a button, and dragging. |
|
|
1136 |
Finally, press Cut to commit your copy region. To exit |
|
|
1137 |
without cutting the image, press Dismiss. |
|
|
1138 |
!!IMAGE COPYING |
|
|
1139 |
|
|
|
1140 |
|
|
|
1141 |
To begin, press choose __Copy__ of the __Edit__ |
|
|
1142 |
sub-menu from the Command widget. Alternatively, press |
|
|
1143 |
__F4__ in the image window. |
|
|
1144 |
|
|
|
1145 |
|
|
|
1146 |
A small window appears showing the location of the cursor in |
|
|
1147 |
the image window. You are now in copy mode. In copy mode, |
|
|
1148 |
the Command widget has these options: |
|
|
1149 |
|
|
|
1150 |
|
|
|
1151 |
Help Dismiss |
|
|
1152 |
|
|
|
1153 |
|
|
|
1154 |
To define a copy region, press button 1 and drag. The copy |
|
|
1155 |
region is defined by a highlighted rectangle that expands or |
|
|
1156 |
contracts as it follows the pointer. Once you are satisfied |
|
|
1157 |
with the copy region, release the button. You are now in |
|
|
1158 |
rectify mode. In rectify mode, the Command widget has these |
|
|
1159 |
options: |
|
|
1160 |
|
|
|
1161 |
|
|
|
1162 |
Copy Help Dismiss |
|
|
1163 |
|
|
|
1164 |
|
|
|
1165 |
You can make adjustments by moving the pointer to one of the |
|
|
1166 |
copy rectangle corners, pressing a button, and dragging. |
|
|
1167 |
Finally, press Copy to commit your copy region. To exit |
|
|
1168 |
without copying the image, press Dismiss. |
|
|
1169 |
!!IMAGE PASTING |
|
|
1170 |
|
|
|
1171 |
|
|
|
1172 |
To begin, press choose __Paste__ of the __Edit__ |
|
|
1173 |
sub-menu from the Command widget. Alternatively, press |
|
|
1174 |
__F5__ in the image window. |
|
|
1175 |
|
|
|
1176 |
|
|
|
1177 |
A small window appears showing the location of the cursor in |
|
|
1178 |
the image window. You are now in Paste mode. To exit |
|
|
1179 |
immediately, press Dismiss. In Paste mode, the Command |
|
|
1180 |
widget has these options: |
|
|
1181 |
|
|
|
1182 |
|
|
|
1183 |
__Operators__ |
|
|
1184 |
|
|
|
1185 |
|
|
|
1186 |
over in out atop xor plus minus add subtract difference |
|
|
1187 |
multiply bumpmap replace |
|
|
1188 |
|
|
|
1189 |
|
|
|
1190 |
__Help Dismiss__ |
|
|
1191 |
|
|
|
1192 |
|
|
|
1193 |
Choose a composite operation from the __Operators__ |
|
|
1194 |
sub-menu of the Command widget. How each operator behaves is |
|
|
1195 |
described below. ''image window'' is the image currently |
|
|
1196 |
displayed on your X server and ''image'' is the image |
|
|
1197 |
obtained with the File Browser widget. |
|
|
1198 |
|
|
|
1199 |
|
|
|
1200 |
__over__ |
|
|
1201 |
|
|
|
1202 |
|
|
|
1203 |
The result is the union of the two image shapes, with |
|
|
1204 |
''image'' obscuring ''image window'' in the region of |
|
|
1205 |
overlap. |
|
|
1206 |
|
|
|
1207 |
|
|
|
1208 |
__in__ |
|
|
1209 |
|
|
|
1210 |
|
|
|
1211 |
The result is simply ''image'' cut by the shape of |
|
|
1212 |
''image window''. None of the image data of image window |
|
|
1213 |
is in the result. |
|
|
1214 |
|
|
|
1215 |
|
|
|
1216 |
__out__ |
|
|
1217 |
|
|
|
1218 |
|
|
|
1219 |
The resulting image is ''image'' with the shape of |
|
|
1220 |
''image window'' cut out. |
|
|
1221 |
|
|
|
1222 |
|
|
|
1223 |
__atop__ |
|
|
1224 |
|
|
|
1225 |
|
|
|
1226 |
The result is the same shape as ''image window'', with |
|
|
1227 |
''image'' obscuring ''image window'' where the image |
|
|
1228 |
shapes overlap. Note this differs from over because the |
|
|
1229 |
portion of image outside ''image window'''s shape does |
|
|
1230 |
not appear in the result. |
|
|
1231 |
|
|
|
1232 |
|
|
|
1233 |
__xor__ |
|
|
1234 |
|
|
|
1235 |
|
|
|
1236 |
The result is the image data from both ''image'' and |
|
|
1237 |
''image window'' that is outside the overlap region. The |
|
|
1238 |
overlap region is blank. |
|
|
1239 |
|
|
|
1240 |
|
|
|
1241 |
__plus__ |
|
|
1242 |
|
|
|
1243 |
|
|
|
1244 |
The result is just the sum of the image data. Output values |
|
|
1245 |
are cropped to 255 (no overflow). This operation is |
|
|
1246 |
independent of the matte channels. |
|
|
1247 |
|
|
|
1248 |
|
|
|
1249 |
__minus__ |
|
|
1250 |
|
|
|
1251 |
|
|
|
1252 |
The result of ''image'' - ''image window'', with |
|
|
1253 |
underflow cropped to zero. The matte channel is ignored (set |
|
|
1254 |
to 255, full coverage). |
|
|
1255 |
|
|
|
1256 |
|
|
|
1257 |
__add__ |
|
|
1258 |
|
|
|
1259 |
|
|
|
1260 |
The result of ''image'' + ''image window'', with |
|
|
1261 |
overflow wrapping around (mod 256). |
|
|
1262 |
|
|
|
1263 |
|
|
|
1264 |
__subtract__ |
|
|
1265 |
|
|
|
1266 |
|
|
|
1267 |
The result of ''image'' - ''image window'', with |
|
|
1268 |
underflow wrapping around (mod 256). The add and subtract |
|
|
1269 |
operators can be used to perform reversible |
|
|
1270 |
transformations. |
|
|
1271 |
|
|
|
1272 |
|
|
|
1273 |
__difference__ |
|
|
1274 |
|
|
|
1275 |
|
|
|
1276 |
The result of abs(''image'' - ''image window''). This |
|
|
1277 |
is useful for comparing two very similar |
|
|
1278 |
images. |
|
|
1279 |
|
|
|
1280 |
|
|
|
1281 |
__multiply__ |
|
|
1282 |
|
|
|
1283 |
|
|
|
1284 |
The result of ''image'' * ''image window''. This is |
|
|
1285 |
useful for the creation of drop-shadows. |
|
|
1286 |
|
|
|
1287 |
|
|
|
1288 |
__bumpmap__ |
|
|
1289 |
|
|
|
1290 |
|
|
|
1291 |
The result of ''image window'' shaded by |
|
|
1292 |
''window''. |
|
|
1293 |
|
|
|
1294 |
|
|
|
1295 |
__replace__ |
|
|
1296 |
|
|
|
1297 |
|
|
|
1298 |
The resulting image is ''image window'' replaced with |
|
|
1299 |
''image''. Here the matte information is |
|
|
1300 |
ignored. |
|
|
1301 |
|
|
|
1302 |
|
|
|
1303 |
The image compositor requires a matte, or alpha channel in |
|
|
1304 |
the image for some operations. This extra channel usually |
|
|
1305 |
defines a mask which represents a sort of a cookie-cutter |
|
|
1306 |
for the image. This is the case when matte is 255 (full |
|
|
1307 |
coverage) for pixels inside the shape, zero outside, and |
|
|
1308 |
between zero and 255 on the boundary. If image does not have |
|
|
1309 |
a matte channel, it is initialized with 0 for any pixel |
|
|
1310 |
matching in color to pixel location (0,0), otherwise 255. |
|
|
1311 |
See Matte Editing for a method of defining a matte |
|
|
1312 |
channel. |
|
|
1313 |
|
|
|
1314 |
|
|
|
1315 |
Note that matte information for image window is not retained |
2 |
perry |
1316 |
for colormapped X server visuals (e.g. ''!StaticColor, |
|
|
1317 |
!StaticColor, !GrayScale, !PseudoColor''). Correct |
|
|
1318 |
compositing behavior may require a ''!TrueColor'' or |
|
|
1319 |
''!DirectColor'' visual or a ''Standard |
1 |
perry |
1320 |
Colormap''. |
|
|
1321 |
|
|
|
1322 |
|
|
|
1323 |
Choosing a composite operator is optional. The default |
|
|
1324 |
operator is replace. However, you must choose a location to |
|
|
1325 |
composite your image and press button 1. Press and hold the |
|
|
1326 |
button before releasing and an outline of the image will |
|
|
1327 |
appear to help you identify your location. |
|
|
1328 |
|
|
|
1329 |
|
|
|
1330 |
The actual colors of the pasted image is saved. However, the |
|
|
1331 |
color that appears in image window may be different. For |
|
|
1332 |
example, on a monochrome screen image window will appear |
|
|
1333 |
black or white even though your pasted image may have many |
|
|
1334 |
colors. If the image is saved to a file it is written with |
|
|
1335 |
the correct colors. To assure the correct colors are saved |
2 |
perry |
1336 |
in the final image, any ''!PseudoClass'' image is promoted |
|
|
1337 |
to ''!DirectClass''. To force a ''!PseudoClass'' image |
|
|
1338 |
to remain ''!PseudoClass'', use |
1 |
perry |
1339 |
__-colors__. |
|
|
1340 |
!!IMAGE CROPPING |
|
|
1341 |
|
|
|
1342 |
|
|
|
1343 |
To begin, press choose __Crop__ of the __Transform__ |
|
|
1344 |
submenu from the Command widget. Alternatively, press [[ in |
|
|
1345 |
the image window. |
|
|
1346 |
|
|
|
1347 |
|
|
|
1348 |
A small window appears showing the location of the cursor in |
|
|
1349 |
the image window. You are now in crop mode. In crop mode, |
|
|
1350 |
the Command widget has these options: |
|
|
1351 |
|
|
|
1352 |
|
|
|
1353 |
__Help Dismiss__ |
|
|
1354 |
|
|
|
1355 |
|
|
|
1356 |
To define a cropping region, press button 1 and drag. The |
|
|
1357 |
cropping region is defined by a highlighted rectangle that |
|
|
1358 |
expands or contracts as it follows the pointer. Once you are |
|
|
1359 |
satisfied with the cropping region, release the button. You |
|
|
1360 |
are now in rectify mode. In rectify mode, the Command widget |
|
|
1361 |
has these options: |
|
|
1362 |
|
|
|
1363 |
|
|
|
1364 |
__Crop Help Dismiss__ |
|
|
1365 |
|
|
|
1366 |
|
|
|
1367 |
You can make adjustments by moving the pointer to one of the |
|
|
1368 |
cropping rectangle corners, pressing a button, and dragging. |
|
|
1369 |
Finally, press Crop to commit your cropping region. To exit |
|
|
1370 |
without cropping the image, press Dismiss. |
|
|
1371 |
!!IMAGE CHOPPING |
|
|
1372 |
|
|
|
1373 |
|
|
|
1374 |
An image is chopped interactively. There is no command line |
|
|
1375 |
argument to chop an image. To begin, choose __Chop__ of |
|
|
1376 |
the __Transform__ sub-menu from the Command widget. |
|
|
1377 |
Alternatively, press ] in the Image window. |
|
|
1378 |
|
|
|
1379 |
|
|
|
1380 |
You are now in __Chop__ mode. To exit immediately, press |
|
|
1381 |
__Dismiss__. In Chop mode, the Command widget has these |
|
|
1382 |
options: |
|
|
1383 |
|
|
|
1384 |
|
|
|
1385 |
__Direction__ |
|
|
1386 |
|
|
|
1387 |
|
|
|
1388 |
horizontal vertical |
|
|
1389 |
|
|
|
1390 |
|
|
|
1391 |
__Help Dismiss__ |
|
|
1392 |
|
|
|
1393 |
|
|
|
1394 |
If the you choose the horizontal direction (this is the |
|
|
1395 |
default), the area of the image between the two horizontal |
|
|
1396 |
endpoints of the chop line is removed. Otherwise, the area |
|
|
1397 |
of the image between the two vertical endpoints of the chop |
|
|
1398 |
line is removed. |
|
|
1399 |
|
|
|
1400 |
|
|
|
1401 |
Select a location within the image window to begin your |
|
|
1402 |
chop, press and hold any button. Next, move the pointer to |
|
|
1403 |
another location in the image. As you move a line will |
|
|
1404 |
connect the initial location and the pointer. When you |
|
|
1405 |
release the button, the area within the image to chop is |
|
|
1406 |
determined by which direction you choose from the Command |
|
|
1407 |
widget. |
|
|
1408 |
|
|
|
1409 |
|
|
|
1410 |
To cancel the image chopping, move the pointer back to the |
|
|
1411 |
starting point of the line and release the |
|
|
1412 |
button. |
|
|
1413 |
!!IMAGE ROTATION |
|
|
1414 |
|
|
|
1415 |
|
|
|
1416 |
Press the / key to rotate the image 90 degrees or \ to |
|
|
1417 |
rotate -90 degrees. To interactively choose the degree of |
|
|
1418 |
rotation, choose __Rotate...__ of the __Transform__ |
|
|
1419 |
submenu from the Command Widget. Alternatively, press * in |
|
|
1420 |
the image window. |
|
|
1421 |
|
|
|
1422 |
|
|
|
1423 |
A small horizontal line is drawn next to the pointer. You |
|
|
1424 |
are now in rotate mode. To exit immediately, press Dismiss. |
|
|
1425 |
In rotate mode, the Command widget has these |
|
|
1426 |
options: |
|
|
1427 |
|
|
|
1428 |
|
|
|
1429 |
__Pixel Color__ |
|
|
1430 |
|
|
|
1431 |
|
|
|
1432 |
black blue cyan green gray red magenta yellow white |
|
|
1433 |
Browser... |
|
|
1434 |
|
|
|
1435 |
|
|
|
1436 |
__Direction__ |
|
|
1437 |
|
|
|
1438 |
|
|
|
1439 |
horizontal vertical |
|
|
1440 |
|
|
|
1441 |
|
|
|
1442 |
__Crop__ |
|
|
1443 |
|
|
|
1444 |
|
|
|
1445 |
false true |
|
|
1446 |
|
|
|
1447 |
|
|
|
1448 |
__Sharpen__ |
|
|
1449 |
|
|
|
1450 |
|
|
|
1451 |
false true |
|
|
1452 |
|
|
|
1453 |
|
|
|
1454 |
__Help Dismiss__ |
|
|
1455 |
|
|
|
1456 |
|
|
|
1457 |
Choose a background color from the Pixel Color sub-menu. |
|
|
1458 |
Additional background colors can be specified with the color |
|
|
1459 |
browser. You can change the menu colors by setting the X |
|
|
1460 |
resources pen1 through pen9. |
|
|
1461 |
|
|
|
1462 |
|
|
|
1463 |
If you choose the color browser and press __Grab__, you |
|
|
1464 |
can select the background color by moving the pointer to the |
|
|
1465 |
desired color on the screen and press any |
|
|
1466 |
button. |
|
|
1467 |
|
|
|
1468 |
|
|
|
1469 |
Choose a point in the image window and press this button and |
|
|
1470 |
hold. Next, move the pointer to another location in the |
|
|
1471 |
image. As you move a line connects the initial location and |
|
|
1472 |
the pointer. When you release the button, the degree of |
|
|
1473 |
image rotation is determined by the slope of the line you |
|
|
1474 |
just drew. The slope is relative to the direction you choose |
|
|
1475 |
from the Direction sub-menu of the Command |
|
|
1476 |
widget. |
|
|
1477 |
|
|
|
1478 |
|
|
|
1479 |
To cancel the image rotation, move the pointer back to the |
|
|
1480 |
starting point of the line and release the |
|
|
1481 |
button. |
|
|
1482 |
!!IMAGE SEGMENTATION |
|
|
1483 |
|
|
|
1484 |
|
|
|
1485 |
Choose __Effects-__ to segment an image by |
|
|
1486 |
analyzing the histograms of the color components and |
|
|
1487 |
identifying units that are homogeneous with the fuzzy |
|
|
1488 |
c-means technique. The scale-space filter analyzes the |
|
|
1489 |
histograms of the three color components of the image and |
|
|
1490 |
identifies a set of classes. The extents of each class is |
|
|
1491 |
used to coarsely segment the image with thresholding. The |
|
|
1492 |
color associated with each class is determined by the mean |
|
|
1493 |
color of all pixels within the extents of a particular |
|
|
1494 |
class. Finally, any unclassified pixels are assigned to the |
|
|
1495 |
closest class with the fuzzy c-means technique. The fuzzy |
|
|
1496 |
c-Means algorithm can be summarized as follows: |
|
|
1497 |
|
|
|
1498 |
|
|
|
1499 |
Build a histogram, one for each color component of the |
|
|
1500 |
image. |
|
|
1501 |
|
|
|
1502 |
|
|
|
1503 |
For each histogram, successively apply the scale-space |
|
|
1504 |
filter and build an interval tree of zero crossings in the |
|
|
1505 |
second derivative at each scale. Analyze this scale-space |
|
|
1506 |
|
|
|
1507 |
|
|
|
1508 |
The fingerprint defines intervals on the axis of the |
|
|
1509 |
histogram. Each interval contains either a minima or a |
|
|
1510 |
maxima in the original signal. If each color component lies |
|
|
1511 |
within the maxima interval, that pixel is considered |
|
|
1512 |
|
|
|
1513 |
|
|
|
1514 |
Any pixel that fails to be classified in the above |
|
|
1515 |
thresholding pass is classified using the fuzzy c-Means |
|
|
1516 |
technique. It is assigned to one of the classes discovered |
|
|
1517 |
in the histogram analysis phase. |
|
|
1518 |
|
|
|
1519 |
|
|
|
1520 |
The fuzzy c-Means technique attempts to cluster a pixel by |
|
|
1521 |
finding the local minima of the generalized within group sum |
|
|
1522 |
of squared error objective function. A pixel is assigned to |
|
|
1523 |
the closest class of which the fuzzy membership has a |
|
|
1524 |
maximum value. |
|
|
1525 |
|
|
|
1526 |
|
|
|
1527 |
For additional information see: Young Won Lim, |
|
|
1528 |
Sang Uk Lee'', ''On The Color Image Segmentation |
|
|
1529 |
Algorithm Based on the Thresholding and the Fuzzy c-Means |
|
|
1530 |
Techniques__ |
|
|
1531 |
__ |
|
|
1532 |
!!IMAGE ANNOTATION |
|
|
1533 |
|
|
|
1534 |
|
|
|
1535 |
An image is annotated interactively. There is no command |
|
|
1536 |
line argument to annotate an image. To begin, choose |
|
|
1537 |
__Annotate__ of the __Image Edit__ sub-menu from the |
|
|
1538 |
Command widget. Alternatively, press a in the image |
|
|
1539 |
window. |
|
|
1540 |
|
|
|
1541 |
|
|
|
1542 |
A small window appears showing the location of the cursor in |
|
|
1543 |
the image window. You are now in annotate mode. To exit |
|
|
1544 |
immediately, press Dismiss. In annotate mode, the Command |
|
|
1545 |
widget has these options: |
|
|
1546 |
|
|
|
1547 |
|
|
|
1548 |
__Font Name__ |
|
|
1549 |
|
|
|
1550 |
|
|
|
1551 |
fixed |
|
|
1552 |
|
|
|
1553 |
|
|
|
1554 |
variable |
|
|
1555 |
|
|
|
1556 |
|
|
|
1557 |
5x8 |
|
|
1558 |
|
|
|
1559 |
|
|
|
1560 |
6x10 |
|
|
1561 |
|
|
|
1562 |
|
|
|
1563 |
7x13bold |
|
|
1564 |
|
|
|
1565 |
|
|
|
1566 |
8x13bold |
|
|
1567 |
|
|
|
1568 |
|
|
|
1569 |
9x15bold |
|
|
1570 |
|
|
|
1571 |
|
|
|
1572 |
10x20 |
|
|
1573 |
|
|
|
1574 |
|
|
|
1575 |
12x24 |
|
|
1576 |
|
|
|
1577 |
|
|
|
1578 |
Browser... |
|
|
1579 |
|
|
|
1580 |
|
|
|
1581 |
__Font Color__ |
|
|
1582 |
|
|
|
1583 |
|
|
|
1584 |
black |
|
|
1585 |
|
|
|
1586 |
|
|
|
1587 |
blue |
|
|
1588 |
|
|
|
1589 |
|
|
|
1590 |
cyan |
|
|
1591 |
|
|
|
1592 |
|
|
|
1593 |
green |
|
|
1594 |
|
|
|
1595 |
|
|
|
1596 |
gray |
|
|
1597 |
|
|
|
1598 |
|
|
|
1599 |
red |
|
|
1600 |
|
|
|
1601 |
|
|
|
1602 |
magenta |
|
|
1603 |
|
|
|
1604 |
|
|
|
1605 |
yellow |
|
|
1606 |
|
|
|
1607 |
|
|
|
1608 |
white |
|
|
1609 |
|
|
|
1610 |
|
|
|
1611 |
transparent |
|
|
1612 |
|
|
|
1613 |
|
|
|
1614 |
Browser... |
|
|
1615 |
|
|
|
1616 |
|
|
|
1617 |
__Box Color__ |
|
|
1618 |
|
|
|
1619 |
|
|
|
1620 |
black |
|
|
1621 |
|
|
|
1622 |
|
|
|
1623 |
blue |
|
|
1624 |
|
|
|
1625 |
|
|
|
1626 |
cyan |
|
|
1627 |
|
|
|
1628 |
|
|
|
1629 |
green |
|
|
1630 |
|
|
|
1631 |
|
|
|
1632 |
gray |
|
|
1633 |
|
|
|
1634 |
|
|
|
1635 |
red |
|
|
1636 |
|
|
|
1637 |
|
|
|
1638 |
magenta |
|
|
1639 |
|
|
|
1640 |
|
|
|
1641 |
yellow |
|
|
1642 |
|
|
|
1643 |
|
|
|
1644 |
white |
|
|
1645 |
|
|
|
1646 |
|
|
|
1647 |
transparent |
|
|
1648 |
|
|
|
1649 |
|
|
|
1650 |
Browser... |
|
|
1651 |
|
|
|
1652 |
|
|
|
1653 |
__Rotate Text__ |
|
|
1654 |
|
|
|
1655 |
|
|
|
1656 |
-90 |
|
|
1657 |
|
|
|
1658 |
|
|
|
1659 |
-45 |
|
|
1660 |
|
|
|
1661 |
|
|
|
1662 |
-30 |
|
|
1663 |
|
|
|
1664 |
|
|
|
1665 |
0 |
|
|
1666 |
|
|
|
1667 |
|
|
|
1668 |
30 |
|
|
1669 |
|
|
|
1670 |
|
|
|
1671 |
45 |
|
|
1672 |
|
|
|
1673 |
|
|
|
1674 |
90 |
|
|
1675 |
|
|
|
1676 |
|
|
|
1677 |
180 |
|
|
1678 |
|
|
|
1679 |
|
|
|
1680 |
Dialog... |
|
|
1681 |
|
|
|
1682 |
|
|
|
1683 |
__Help__ |
|
|
1684 |
|
|
|
1685 |
|
|
|
1686 |
__Dismiss__ |
|
|
1687 |
|
|
|
1688 |
|
|
|
1689 |
Choose a font name from the __Font Name__ sub-menu. |
|
|
1690 |
Additional font names can be specified with the font |
|
|
1691 |
browser. You can change the menu names by setting the X |
|
|
1692 |
resources font1 through font9. |
|
|
1693 |
|
|
|
1694 |
|
|
|
1695 |
Choose a font color from the __Font Color__ sub-menu. |
|
|
1696 |
Additional font colors can be specified with the color |
|
|
1697 |
browser. You can change the menu colors by setting the X |
|
|
1698 |
resources pen1 through pen9. |
|
|
1699 |
|
|
|
1700 |
|
|
|
1701 |
If you select the color browser and press __Grab__, you |
|
|
1702 |
can choose the font color by moving the pointer to the |
|
|
1703 |
desired color on the screen and press any |
|
|
1704 |
button. |
|
|
1705 |
|
|
|
1706 |
|
|
|
1707 |
If you choose to rotate the text, choose __Rotate Text__ |
|
|
1708 |
from the menu and select an angle. Typically you will only |
|
|
1709 |
want to rotate one line of text at a time. Depending on the |
|
|
1710 |
angle you choose, subsequent lines may end up overwriting |
|
|
1711 |
each other. |
|
|
1712 |
|
|
|
1713 |
|
|
|
1714 |
Choosing a font and its color is optional. The default font |
|
|
1715 |
is fixed and the default color is black. However, you must |
|
|
1716 |
choose a location to begin entering text and press a button. |
|
|
1717 |
An underscore character will appear at the location of the |
|
|
1718 |
pointer. The cursor changes to a pencil to indicate you are |
|
|
1719 |
in text mode. To exit immediately, press |
|
|
1720 |
Dismiss. |
|
|
1721 |
|
|
|
1722 |
|
|
|
1723 |
In text mode, any key presses will display the character at |
|
|
1724 |
the location of the underscore and advance the underscore |
|
|
1725 |
cursor. Enter your text and once completed press Apply to |
|
|
1726 |
finish your image annotation. To correct errors press |
|
|
1727 |
__BACK SPACE__. To delete an entire line of text, press |
|
|
1728 |
__DELETE__. Any text that exceeds the boundaries of the |
|
|
1729 |
image window is automatically continued onto the next |
|
|
1730 |
line. |
|
|
1731 |
|
|
|
1732 |
|
|
|
1733 |
The actual color you request for the font is saved in the |
|
|
1734 |
image. However, the color that appears in your Image window |
|
|
1735 |
may be different. For example, on a monochrome screen the |
|
|
1736 |
text will appear black or white even if you choose the color |
|
|
1737 |
red as the font color. However, the image saved to a file |
|
|
1738 |
with __-write__ is written with red lettering. To assure |
|
|
1739 |
the correct color text in the final image, any |
2 |
perry |
1740 |
''!PseudoClass'' image is promoted to ''!DirectClass'' |
|
|
1741 |
(see miff(5)). To force a ''!PseudoClass'' image to remain |
|
|
1742 |
''!PseudoClass'', use __-colors__. |
1 |
perry |
1743 |
!!IMAGE COMPOSITING |
|
|
1744 |
|
|
|
1745 |
|
|
|
1746 |
An image composite is created interactively. __There is no |
|
|
1747 |
command line argument to composite an image__. To begin, |
|
|
1748 |
choose __Composite__ of the __Image Edit__ from the |
|
|
1749 |
Command widget. Alternatively, press x in the Image |
|
|
1750 |
window. |
|
|
1751 |
|
|
|
1752 |
|
|
|
1753 |
First a popup window is displayed requesting you to enter an |
|
|
1754 |
image name. Press __Composite__, __Grab__ or type a |
|
|
1755 |
file name. Press __Cancel__ if you choose not to create a |
|
|
1756 |
composite image. When you choose __Grab__, move the |
|
|
1757 |
pointer to the desired window and press any |
|
|
1758 |
button. |
|
|
1759 |
|
|
|
1760 |
|
|
|
1761 |
If the __Composite__ image does not have any matte |
|
|
1762 |
information, you are informed and the file browser is |
|
|
1763 |
displayed again. Enter the name of a mask image. The image |
|
|
1764 |
is typically grayscale and the same size as the composite |
|
|
1765 |
image. If the image is not grayscale, it is converted to |
|
|
1766 |
grayscale and the resulting intensities are used as matte |
|
|
1767 |
information. |
|
|
1768 |
|
|
|
1769 |
|
|
|
1770 |
A small window appears showing the location of the cursor in |
|
|
1771 |
the image window. You are now in composite mode. To exit |
|
|
1772 |
immediately, press Dismiss. In composite mode, the Command |
|
|
1773 |
widget has these options: |
|
|
1774 |
|
|
|
1775 |
|
|
|
1776 |
__Operators__ |
|
|
1777 |
|
|
|
1778 |
|
|
|
1779 |
over |
|
|
1780 |
|
|
|
1781 |
|
|
|
1782 |
in |
|
|
1783 |
|
|
|
1784 |
|
|
|
1785 |
out |
|
|
1786 |
|
|
|
1787 |
|
|
|
1788 |
atop |
|
|
1789 |
|
|
|
1790 |
|
|
|
1791 |
xor |
|
|
1792 |
|
|
|
1793 |
|
|
|
1794 |
plus |
|
|
1795 |
|
|
|
1796 |
|
|
|
1797 |
minus |
|
|
1798 |
|
|
|
1799 |
|
|
|
1800 |
add |
|
|
1801 |
|
|
|
1802 |
|
|
|
1803 |
subtract |
|
|
1804 |
|
|
|
1805 |
|
|
|
1806 |
difference |
|
|
1807 |
|
|
|
1808 |
|
|
|
1809 |
bumpmap |
|
|
1810 |
|
|
|
1811 |
|
|
|
1812 |
replace |
|
|
1813 |
|
|
|
1814 |
|
|
|
1815 |
__Blend__ |
|
|
1816 |
|
|
|
1817 |
|
|
|
1818 |
__Displace__ |
|
|
1819 |
|
|
|
1820 |
|
|
|
1821 |
__Help__ |
|
|
1822 |
|
|
|
1823 |
|
|
|
1824 |
__Dismiss__ |
|
|
1825 |
|
|
|
1826 |
|
|
|
1827 |
Choose a composite operation from the Operators sub-menu of |
|
|
1828 |
the Command widget. How each operator behaves is described |
|
|
1829 |
below. image window is the image currently displayed on your |
|
|
1830 |
X server and image is the image obtained |
|
|
1831 |
|
|
|
1832 |
|
|
|
1833 |
__over__ |
|
|
1834 |
|
|
|
1835 |
|
|
|
1836 |
The result is the union of the two image shapes, with |
|
|
1837 |
''image'' obscuring ''image window'' in the region of |
|
|
1838 |
overlap. |
|
|
1839 |
|
|
|
1840 |
|
|
|
1841 |
__in__ |
|
|
1842 |
|
|
|
1843 |
|
|
|
1844 |
The result is simply ''image'' cut by the shape of |
|
|
1845 |
''image window''. None of the image data of image window |
|
|
1846 |
is in the result. |
|
|
1847 |
|
|
|
1848 |
|
|
|
1849 |
__out__ |
|
|
1850 |
|
|
|
1851 |
|
|
|
1852 |
The resulting image is ''image'' with the shape of |
|
|
1853 |
''image window'' cut out. |
|
|
1854 |
|
|
|
1855 |
|
|
|
1856 |
__atop__ |
|
|
1857 |
|
|
|
1858 |
|
|
|
1859 |
The result is the same shape as ''image window'', with |
|
|
1860 |
''image'' obscuring ''image window'' where the image |
|
|
1861 |
shapes overlap. Note this differs from over because the |
|
|
1862 |
portion of image outside ''image window'''s shape does |
|
|
1863 |
not appear in the result. |
|
|
1864 |
|
|
|
1865 |
|
|
|
1866 |
__xor__ |
|
|
1867 |
|
|
|
1868 |
|
|
|
1869 |
The result is the image data from both ''image'' and |
|
|
1870 |
''image window'' that is outside the overlap region. The |
|
|
1871 |
overlap region is blank. |
|
|
1872 |
|
|
|
1873 |
|
|
|
1874 |
__plus__ |
|
|
1875 |
|
|
|
1876 |
|
|
|
1877 |
The result is just the sum of the image data. Output values |
|
|
1878 |
are cropped to 255 (no overflow). This operation is |
|
|
1879 |
independent of the matte channels. |
|
|
1880 |
|
|
|
1881 |
|
|
|
1882 |
__minus__ |
|
|
1883 |
|
|
|
1884 |
|
|
|
1885 |
The result of ''image'' - ''image window'', with |
|
|
1886 |
underflow cropped to zero. The matte channel is ignored (set |
|
|
1887 |
to 255, full coverage). |
|
|
1888 |
|
|
|
1889 |
|
|
|
1890 |
__add__ |
|
|
1891 |
|
|
|
1892 |
|
|
|
1893 |
The result of ''image'' + ''image window'', with |
|
|
1894 |
overflow wrapping around (mod 256). |
|
|
1895 |
|
|
|
1896 |
|
|
|
1897 |
__subtract__ |
|
|
1898 |
|
|
|
1899 |
|
|
|
1900 |
The result of ''image'' - ''image window'', with |
|
|
1901 |
underflow wrapping around (mod 256). The add and subtract |
|
|
1902 |
operators can be used to perform reversible |
|
|
1903 |
transformations. |
|
|
1904 |
|
|
|
1905 |
|
|
|
1906 |
__difference__ |
|
|
1907 |
|
|
|
1908 |
|
|
|
1909 |
The result of abs(''image'' - ''image window''). This |
|
|
1910 |
is useful for comparing two very similar |
|
|
1911 |
images. |
|
|
1912 |
|
|
|
1913 |
|
|
|
1914 |
__bumpmap__ |
|
|
1915 |
|
|
|
1916 |
|
|
|
1917 |
The result of ''image window'' shaded by |
|
|
1918 |
''window''. |
|
|
1919 |
|
|
|
1920 |
|
|
|
1921 |
__replace__ |
|
|
1922 |
|
|
|
1923 |
|
|
|
1924 |
The resulting image is ''image window'' replaced with |
|
|
1925 |
''image''. Here the matte information is |
|
|
1926 |
ignored. |
|
|
1927 |
|
|
|
1928 |
|
|
|
1929 |
The image compositor requires a matte, or alpha channel in |
|
|
1930 |
the image for some operations. This extra channel usually |
|
|
1931 |
defines a mask which represents a sort of a cookie-cutter |
|
|
1932 |
for the image. This is the case when matte is 255 (full |
|
|
1933 |
coverage) for pixels inside the shape, zero outside, and |
|
|
1934 |
between zero and 255 on the boundary. If image does not have |
|
|
1935 |
a matte channel, it is initialized with 0 for any pixel |
|
|
1936 |
matching in color to pixel location (0,0), otherwise 255. |
|
|
1937 |
See Matte Editing for a method of defining a matte |
|
|
1938 |
channel. |
|
|
1939 |
|
|
|
1940 |
|
|
|
1941 |
If you choose __blend__, the composite operator becomes |
|
|
1942 |
__over__. The image matte channel percent transparency is |
|
|
1943 |
initialized to factor. The image window is initialized to |
|
|
1944 |
(100-factor). Where factor is the value you specify in the |
|
|
1945 |
Dialog widget. |
|
|
1946 |
|
|
|
1947 |
|
|
|
1948 |
__Displace__ shifts the image pixels as defined by a |
|
|
1949 |
displacement map. With this option, ''image'' is used as |
|
|
1950 |
a displacement map. Black, within the displacement map, is a |
|
|
1951 |
maximum positive displacement. White is a maximum negative |
|
|
1952 |
displacement and middle gray is neutral. The displacement is |
|
|
1953 |
scaled to determine the pixel shift. By default, the |
|
|
1954 |
displacement applies in both the horizontal and vertical |
|
|
1955 |
directions. However, if you specify ''mask'', |
|
|
1956 |
''image'' is the horizontal X displacement and |
|
|
1957 |
''mask'' the vertical Y displacement. |
|
|
1958 |
|
|
|
1959 |
|
|
|
1960 |
Note that matte information for image window is not retained |
2 |
perry |
1961 |
for colormapped X server visuals (e.g. ''!StaticColor, |
|
|
1962 |
!StaticColor, !GrayScale, !PseudoColor''). Correct |
|
|
1963 |
compositing behavior may require a ''!TrueColor'' or |
|
|
1964 |
''!DirectColor'' visual or a ''Standard |
1 |
perry |
1965 |
Colormap''. |
|
|
1966 |
|
|
|
1967 |
|
|
|
1968 |
Choosing a composite operator is optional. The default |
|
|
1969 |
operator is replace. However, you must choose a location to |
|
|
1970 |
composite your image and press button 1. Press and hold the |
|
|
1971 |
button before releasing and an outline of the image will |
|
|
1972 |
appear to help you identify your location. |
|
|
1973 |
|
|
|
1974 |
|
|
|
1975 |
The actual colors of the composite image is saved. However, |
|
|
1976 |
the color that appears in image window may be different. For |
|
|
1977 |
example, on a monochrome screen Image window will appear |
|
|
1978 |
black or white even though your composited image may have |
|
|
1979 |
many colors. If the image is saved to a file it is written |
|
|
1980 |
with the correct colors. To assure the correct colors are |
2 |
perry |
1981 |
saved in the final image, any !PseudoClass image is promoted |
|
|
1982 |
to ''!DirectClass'' (see miff). To force a |
|
|
1983 |
''!PseudoClass'' image to remain ''!PseudoClass'', use |
1 |
perry |
1984 |
__-colors__. |
|
|
1985 |
!!COLOR EDITING |
|
|
1986 |
|
|
|
1987 |
|
|
|
1988 |
Changing the the color of a set of pixels is performed |
|
|
1989 |
interactively. There is no command line argument to edit a |
|
|
1990 |
pixel. To begin, choose __Color__ from the __Image |
|
|
1991 |
Edit__ submenu of the Command widget. Alternatively, press |
|
|
1992 |
c in the image window. |
|
|
1993 |
|
|
|
1994 |
|
|
|
1995 |
A small window appears showing the location of the cursor in |
|
|
1996 |
the image window. You are now in color edit mode. To exit |
|
|
1997 |
immediately, press __Dismiss__. In color edit mode, the |
|
|
1998 |
__Command widget__ has these options: |
|
|
1999 |
|
|
|
2000 |
|
|
|
2001 |
__Method__ |
|
|
2002 |
|
|
|
2003 |
|
|
|
2004 |
point |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
|
2006 |
|
|
|
2007 |
replace |
|
|
2008 |
|
|
|
2009 |
|
|
|
2010 |
floodfill |
|
|
2011 |
|
|
|
2012 |
|
|
|
2013 |
reset |
|
|
2014 |
|
|
|
2015 |
|
|
|
2016 |
__Pixel Color__ |
|
|
2017 |
|
|
|
2018 |
|
|
|
2019 |
black |
|
|
2020 |
|
|
|
2021 |
|
|
|
2022 |
blue |
|
|
2023 |
|
|
|
2024 |
|
|
|
2025 |
cyan |
|
|
2026 |
|
|
|
2027 |
|
|
|
2028 |
green |
|
|
2029 |
|
|
|
2030 |
|
|
|
2031 |
gray |
|
|
2032 |
|
|
|
2033 |
|
|
|
2034 |
red |
|
|
2035 |
|
|
|
2036 |
|
|
|
2037 |
magenta |
|
|
2038 |
|
|
|
2039 |
|
|
|
2040 |
yellow |
|
|
2041 |
|
|
|
2042 |
|
|
|
2043 |
white |
|
|
2044 |
|
|
|
2045 |
|
|
|
2046 |
Browser... |
|
|
2047 |
|
|
|
2048 |
|
|
|
2049 |
__Border Color__ |
|
|
2050 |
|
|
|
2051 |
|
|
|
2052 |
black |
|
|
2053 |
|
|
|
2054 |
|
|
|
2055 |
blue |
|
|
2056 |
|
|
|
2057 |
|
|
|
2058 |
cyan |
|
|
2059 |
|
|
|
2060 |
|
|
|
2061 |
green |
|
|
2062 |
|
|
|
2063 |
|
|
|
2064 |
gray |
|
|
2065 |
|
|
|
2066 |
|
|
|
2067 |
red |
|
|
2068 |
|
|
|
2069 |
|
|
|
2070 |
magenta |
|
|
2071 |
|
|
|
2072 |
|
|
|
2073 |
yellow |
|
|
2074 |
|
|
|
2075 |
|
|
|
2076 |
white |
|
|
2077 |
|
|
|
2078 |
|
|
|
2079 |
Browser... |
|
|
2080 |
|
|
|
2081 |
|
|
|
2082 |
__Fuzz__ |
|
|
2083 |
|
|
|
2084 |
|
|
|
2085 |
0 |
|
|
2086 |
|
|
|
2087 |
|
|
|
2088 |
2 |
|
|
2089 |
|
|
|
2090 |
|
|
|
2091 |
4 |
|
|
2092 |
|
|
|
2093 |
|
|
|
2094 |
8 |
|
|
2095 |
|
|
|
2096 |
|
|
|
2097 |
16 Dialog... |
|
|
2098 |
|
|
|
2099 |
|
|
|
2100 |
__Undo__ |
|
|
2101 |
|
|
|
2102 |
|
|
|
2103 |
__Help__ |
|
|
2104 |
|
|
|
2105 |
|
|
|
2106 |
__Dismiss__ |
|
|
2107 |
|
|
|
2108 |
|
|
|
2109 |
Choose a color editing method from the __Method__ |
|
|
2110 |
sub-menu of the Command widget. The __point method__ |
|
|
2111 |
recolors any pixel selected with the pointer unless the |
|
|
2112 |
button is released. The __replace method__ recolors any |
|
|
2113 |
pixel that matches the color of the pixel you select with a |
|
|
2114 |
button press. __Floodfill__ recolors any pixel that |
|
|
2115 |
matches the color of the pixel you select with a button |
|
|
2116 |
press and is a neighbor. Whereas __filltoborder__ changes |
|
|
2117 |
the matte value of any neighbor pixel that is not the border |
|
|
2118 |
color. Finally __reset__ changes the entire image to the |
|
|
2119 |
designated color. |
|
|
2120 |
|
|
|
2121 |
|
|
|
2122 |
Next, choose a pixel color from the __Pixel Color__ |
|
|
2123 |
sub-menu. Additional pixel colors can be specified with the |
|
|
2124 |
color browser. You can change the menu colors by setting the |
|
|
2125 |
X resources pen1 through pen9. |
|
|
2126 |
|
|
|
2127 |
|
|
|
2128 |
Now press button 1 to select a pixel within the Image window |
|
|
2129 |
to change its color. Additional pixels may be recolored as |
|
|
2130 |
prescribed by the method you choose. additional pixels by |
|
|
2131 |
increasing the Delta value. |
|
|
2132 |
|
|
|
2133 |
|
|
|
2134 |
If the __Magnify widget__ is mapped, it can be helpful in |
|
|
2135 |
positioning your pointer within the image (refer to button |
|
|
2136 |
2). Alternatively you can select a pixel to recolor from |
|
|
2137 |
within the __Magnify widget__. Move the pointer to the |
|
|
2138 |
__Magnify widget__ and position the pixel with the cursor |
|
|
2139 |
control keys. Finally, press a button to recolor the |
|
|
2140 |
selected pixel (or pixels). |
|
|
2141 |
|
|
|
2142 |
|
|
|
2143 |
The actual color you request for the pixels is saved in the |
|
|
2144 |
image. However, the color that appears in your Image window |
|
|
2145 |
may be different. For example, on a monochrome screen the |
|
|
2146 |
pixel will appear black or white even if you choose the |
|
|
2147 |
color red as the pixel color. However, the image saved to a |
|
|
2148 |
file with -write is written with red pixels. To assure the |
|
|
2149 |
correct color text in the final image, any |
2 |
perry |
2150 |
''!PseudoClass'' image is promoted to ''!DirectClass'' |
|
|
2151 |
To force a ''!PseudoClass'' image to remain |
|
|
2152 |
''!PseudoClass'', use __-colors__. |
1 |
perry |
2153 |
!!MATTE EDITING |
|
|
2154 |
|
|
|
2155 |
|
|
|
2156 |
Matte information within an image is useful for some |
|
|
2157 |
operations such as image compositing. This extra channel |
|
|
2158 |
usually defines a mask which represents a sort of a |
|
|
2159 |
cookie-cutter for the image. This is the case when matte is |
|
|
2160 |
255 (full coverage) for pixels inside the shape, zero |
|
|
2161 |
outside, and between zero and 255 on the |
|
|
2162 |
boundary. |
|
|
2163 |
|
|
|
2164 |
|
|
|
2165 |
Setting the matte information in an image is done |
|
|
2166 |
interactively. There is no command line argument to edit a |
|
|
2167 |
pixel. To begin, and choose __Matte__ of the __Image |
|
|
2168 |
Edit__ sub-menu from the Command widget. |
|
|
2169 |
|
|
|
2170 |
|
|
|
2171 |
Alternatively, press m in the image window. |
|
|
2172 |
|
|
|
2173 |
|
|
|
2174 |
A small window appears showing the location of the cursor in |
|
|
2175 |
the image window. You are now in matte edit mode. To exit |
|
|
2176 |
immediately, press Dismiss. In matte edit mode, the Command |
|
|
2177 |
widget has these options: |
|
|
2178 |
|
|
|
2179 |
|
|
|
2180 |
__Method__ |
|
|
2181 |
|
|
|
2182 |
|
|
|
2183 |
point |
|
|
2184 |
|
|
|
2185 |
|
|
|
2186 |
replace |
|
|
2187 |
|
|
|
2188 |
|
|
|
2189 |
floodfill |
|
|
2190 |
|
|
|
2191 |
|
|
|
2192 |
reset |
|
|
2193 |
|
|
|
2194 |
|
|
|
2195 |
__Border Color__ |
|
|
2196 |
|
|
|
2197 |
|
|
|
2198 |
black |
|
|
2199 |
|
|
|
2200 |
|
|
|
2201 |
blue |
|
|
2202 |
|
|
|
2203 |
|
|
|
2204 |
cyan |
|
|
2205 |
|
|
|
2206 |
|
|
|
2207 |
green |
|
|
2208 |
|
|
|
2209 |
|
|
|
2210 |
gray |
|
|
2211 |
|
|
|
2212 |
|
|
|
2213 |
red |
|
|
2214 |
|
|
|
2215 |
|
|
|
2216 |
magenta |
|
|
2217 |
|
|
|
2218 |
|
|
|
2219 |
yellow |
|
|
2220 |
|
|
|
2221 |
|
|
|
2222 |
white |
|
|
2223 |
|
|
|
2224 |
|
|
|
2225 |
Browser... |
|
|
2226 |
|
|
|
2227 |
|
|
|
2228 |
__Fuzz__ |
|
|
2229 |
|
|
|
2230 |
|
|
|
2231 |
0 |
|
|
2232 |
|
|
|
2233 |
|
|
|
2234 |
2 |
|
|
2235 |
|
|
|
2236 |
|
|
|
2237 |
4 |
|
|
2238 |
|
|
|
2239 |
|
|
|
2240 |
8 |
|
|
2241 |
|
|
|
2242 |
|
|
|
2243 |
16 Dialog... |
|
|
2244 |
|
|
|
2245 |
|
|
|
2246 |
__Matte__ |
|
|
2247 |
|
|
|
2248 |
|
|
|
2249 |
__Undo__ |
|
|
2250 |
|
|
|
2251 |
|
|
|
2252 |
__Help__ |
|
|
2253 |
|
|
|
2254 |
|
|
|
2255 |
__Dismiss__ |
|
|
2256 |
|
|
|
2257 |
|
|
|
2258 |
Choose a matte editing method from the __Method__ |
|
|
2259 |
sub-menu of the Command widget. The __point method__ |
|
|
2260 |
changes the matte value of the any pixel selected with the |
|
|
2261 |
pointer until the button is released. The __replace |
|
|
2262 |
method__ changes the matte value of any pixel that matches |
|
|
2263 |
the color of the pixel you select with a button press. |
|
|
2264 |
__Floodfill__ changes the matte value of any pixel that |
|
|
2265 |
matches the color of the pixel you select with a button |
|
|
2266 |
press and is a neighbor. Whereas __filltoborder__ |
|
|
2267 |
recolors any neighbor pixel that is not the border color. |
|
|
2268 |
Finally __reset__ changes the entire image to the |
|
|
2269 |
designated matte value. Choose __Matte Value__ and a |
|
|
2270 |
dialog appears requesting a matte value. Enter a value |
|
|
2271 |
between __0 and 255__. This value is assigned as the |
|
|
2272 |
matte value of the selected pixel or pixels. Now, press any |
|
|
2273 |
button to select a pixel within the Image window to change |
|
|
2274 |
its matte value. You can change the matte value of |
|
|
2275 |
additional pixels by increasing the Delta value. The Delta |
|
|
2276 |
value is first added then subtracted from the red, green, |
|
|
2277 |
and blue of the target color. Any pixels within the range |
|
|
2278 |
also have their matte value updated. If the __Magnify |
|
|
2279 |
widget__ is mapped, it can be helpful in positioning your |
|
|
2280 |
pointer within the image (refer to button 2). Alternatively |
|
|
2281 |
you can select a pixel to change the matte value from within |
|
|
2282 |
the __Magnify widget__. Move the pointer to the |
|
|
2283 |
__Magnify widget__ and position the pixel with the cursor |
|
|
2284 |
control keys. Finally, press a button to change the matte |
|
|
2285 |
value of the selected pixel (or pixels). Matte information |
2 |
perry |
2286 |
is only valid in a ''!DirectClass image''. Therefore, any |
|
|
2287 |
''!PseudoClass'' image is promoted to ''!DirectClass''. |
|
|
2288 |
Note that matte information for ''!PseudoClass'' is not |
1 |
perry |
2289 |
retained for colormapped X server visuals (e.g. |
2 |
perry |
2290 |
''!StaticColor, !StaticColor, !GrayScale, !PseudoColor'') |
1 |
perry |
2291 |
unless you immediately save your image to a file (refer to |
|
|
2292 |
Write). Correct matte editing behavior may require a |
2 |
perry |
2293 |
''!TrueColor'' or ''!DirectColor'' visual or a |
1 |
perry |
2294 |
''Standard Colormap''. |
|
|
2295 |
!!IMAGE DRAWING |
|
|
2296 |
|
|
|
2297 |
|
|
|
2298 |
An image is drawn upon interactively. __There is no command |
|
|
2299 |
line argument to draw on an image__. To begin, choose |
|
|
2300 |
__Draw__ of the Image __Edit__ sub-menu from the |
|
|
2301 |
Command widget. Alternatively, press d in the image |
|
|
2302 |
window. |
|
|
2303 |
|
|
|
2304 |
|
|
|
2305 |
The cursor changes to a crosshair to indicate you are in |
|
|
2306 |
draw mode. To exit immediately, press Dismiss. In draw mode, |
|
|
2307 |
the Command widget has these options: |
|
|
2308 |
|
|
|
2309 |
|
|
|
2310 |
__Primitive__ |
|
|
2311 |
|
|
|
2312 |
|
|
|
2313 |
point |
|
|
2314 |
|
|
|
2315 |
|
|
|
2316 |
line |
|
|
2317 |
|
|
|
2318 |
|
|
|
2319 |
rectangle |
|
|
2320 |
|
|
|
2321 |
|
|
|
2322 |
fill rectangle |
|
|
2323 |
|
|
|
2324 |
|
|
|
2325 |
circle |
|
|
2326 |
|
|
|
2327 |
|
|
|
2328 |
fill circle |
|
|
2329 |
|
|
|
2330 |
|
|
|
2331 |
ellipse |
|
|
2332 |
|
|
|
2333 |
|
|
|
2334 |
fill ellipse |
|
|
2335 |
|
|
|
2336 |
|
|
|
2337 |
polygon |
|
|
2338 |
|
|
|
2339 |
|
|
|
2340 |
fill polygon |
|
|
2341 |
|
|
|
2342 |
|
|
|
2343 |
__Color__ |
|
|
2344 |
|
|
|
2345 |
|
|
|
2346 |
black |
|
|
2347 |
|
|
|
2348 |
|
|
|
2349 |
blue |
|
|
2350 |
|
|
|
2351 |
|
|
|
2352 |
cyan |
|
|
2353 |
|
|
|
2354 |
|
|
|
2355 |
green |
|
|
2356 |
|
|
|
2357 |
|
|
|
2358 |
gray |
|
|
2359 |
|
|
|
2360 |
|
|
|
2361 |
red |
|
|
2362 |
|
|
|
2363 |
|
|
|
2364 |
magenta |
|
|
2365 |
|
|
|
2366 |
|
|
|
2367 |
yellow |
|
|
2368 |
|
|
|
2369 |
|
|
|
2370 |
white |
|
|
2371 |
|
|
|
2372 |
|
|
|
2373 |
transparent |
|
|
2374 |
|
|
|
2375 |
|
|
|
2376 |
Browser... |
|
|
2377 |
|
|
|
2378 |
|
|
|
2379 |
__Stipple__ |
|
|
2380 |
|
|
|
2381 |
|
|
|
2382 |
Brick |
|
|
2383 |
|
|
|
2384 |
|
|
|
2385 |
Diagonal |
|
|
2386 |
|
|
|
2387 |
|
|
|
2388 |
Scales |
|
|
2389 |
|
|
|
2390 |
|
|
|
2391 |
Vertical |
|
|
2392 |
|
|
|
2393 |
|
|
|
2394 |
Wavy |
|
|
2395 |
|
|
|
2396 |
|
|
|
2397 |
Translucent |
|
|
2398 |
|
|
|
2399 |
|
|
|
2400 |
Opaque |
|
|
2401 |
|
|
|
2402 |
|
|
|
2403 |
Open... |
|
|
2404 |
|
|
|
2405 |
|
|
|
2406 |
__Width__ |
|
|
2407 |
|
|
|
2408 |
|
|
|
2409 |
1 |
|
|
2410 |
|
|
|
2411 |
|
|
|
2412 |
2 |
|
|
2413 |
|
|
|
2414 |
|
|
|
2415 |
4 |
|
|
2416 |
|
|
|
2417 |
|
|
|
2418 |
8 |
|
|
2419 |
|
|
|
2420 |
|
|
|
2421 |
16 Dialog... |
|
|
2422 |
|
|
|
2423 |
|
|
|
2424 |
__Undo__ |
|
|
2425 |
|
|
|
2426 |
|
|
|
2427 |
__Help__ |
|
|
2428 |
|
|
|
2429 |
|
|
|
2430 |
__Dismiss__ |
|
|
2431 |
|
|
|
2432 |
|
|
|
2433 |
Choose a drawing primitive from the __Primitive__ |
|
|
2434 |
sub-menu. |
|
|
2435 |
|
|
|
2436 |
|
|
|
2437 |
Next, choose a color from the __Color__ sub-menu. |
|
|
2438 |
Additional colors can be specified with the color browser. |
|
|
2439 |
You can change the menu colors by setting the X resources |
|
|
2440 |
pen1 through pen9. The transparent color updates the image |
|
|
2441 |
matte channel and is useful for image |
|
|
2442 |
compositing. |
|
|
2443 |
|
|
|
2444 |
|
|
|
2445 |
If you choose the color browser and press __Grab__, you |
|
|
2446 |
can select the primitive color by moving the pointer to the |
|
|
2447 |
desired color on the screen and press any button. The |
|
|
2448 |
transparent color updates the image matte channel and is |
|
|
2449 |
useful for image compositing. |
|
|
2450 |
|
|
|
2451 |
|
|
|
2452 |
Choose a stipple, if appropriate, from the __Stipple__ |
|
|
2453 |
sub-menu. Additional stipples can be specified with the file |
|
|
2454 |
browser. Stipples obtained from the file browser must be on |
|
|
2455 |
disk in the X11 bitmap format. |
|
|
2456 |
|
|
|
2457 |
|
|
|
2458 |
Choose a line width, if appropriate, from the __Width__ |
|
|
2459 |
sub-menu. To choose a specific width select the |
|
|
2460 |
__Dialog__ widget. |
|
|
2461 |
|
|
|
2462 |
|
|
|
2463 |
Choose a point in the image window and press button 1 and |
|
|
2464 |
hold. Next, move the pointer to another location in the |
|
|
2465 |
image. As you move, a line connects the initial location and |
|
|
2466 |
the pointer. When you release the button, the image is |
|
|
2467 |
updated with the primitive you just drew. For polygons, the |
|
|
2468 |
image is updated when you press and release the button |
|
|
2469 |
without moving the pointer. |
|
|
2470 |
|
|
|
2471 |
|
|
|
2472 |
To cancel image drawing, move the pointer back to the |
|
|
2473 |
starting point of the line and release the |
|
|
2474 |
button. |
|
|
2475 |
!!REGION OF INTEREST |
|
|
2476 |
|
|
|
2477 |
|
|
|
2478 |
To begin, press choose Region of Interest of the Pixel |
|
|
2479 |
Transform sub-menu from the Command widget. Alternatively, |
|
|
2480 |
press R in the image window. |
|
|
2481 |
|
|
|
2482 |
|
|
|
2483 |
A small window appears showing the location of the cursor in |
|
|
2484 |
the image window. You are now in region of interest mode. In |
|
|
2485 |
region of interest mode, the Command widget has these |
|
|
2486 |
options: |
|
|
2487 |
|
|
|
2488 |
|
|
|
2489 |
__Help__ |
|
|
2490 |
|
|
|
2491 |
|
|
|
2492 |
__Dismiss__ |
|
|
2493 |
|
|
|
2494 |
|
|
|
2495 |
To define a region of interest, press button 1 and drag. The |
|
|
2496 |
region of interest is defined by a highlighted rectangle |
|
|
2497 |
that expands or contracts as it follows the pointer. Once |
|
|
2498 |
you are satisfied with the region of interest, release the |
|
|
2499 |
button. You are now in apply mode. In apply mode the Command |
|
|
2500 |
widget has these options: |
|
|
2501 |
|
|
|
2502 |
|
|
|
2503 |
__File__ |
|
|
2504 |
|
|
|
2505 |
|
|
|
2506 |
Save... |
|
|
2507 |
|
|
|
2508 |
|
|
|
2509 |
Print... |
|
|
2510 |
|
|
|
2511 |
|
|
|
2512 |
__Edit__ |
|
|
2513 |
|
|
|
2514 |
|
|
|
2515 |
Undo |
|
|
2516 |
|
|
|
2517 |
|
|
|
2518 |
Redo |
|
|
2519 |
|
|
|
2520 |
|
|
|
2521 |
__Transform__ |
|
|
2522 |
|
|
|
2523 |
|
|
|
2524 |
Flip |
|
|
2525 |
|
|
|
2526 |
|
|
|
2527 |
Flop |
|
|
2528 |
|
|
|
2529 |
|
|
|
2530 |
Rotate Right |
|
|
2531 |
|
|
|
2532 |
|
|
|
2533 |
Rotate Left |
|
|
2534 |
|
|
|
2535 |
|
|
|
2536 |
__Enhance__ |
|
|
2537 |
|
|
|
2538 |
|
|
|
2539 |
Hue... |
|
|
2540 |
|
|
|
2541 |
|
|
|
2542 |
Saturation... |
|
|
2543 |
|
|
|
2544 |
|
|
|
2545 |
Brightness... |
|
|
2546 |
|
|
|
2547 |
|
|
|
2548 |
Gamma... |
|
|
2549 |
|
|
|
2550 |
|
|
|
2551 |
Spiff |
|
|
2552 |
|
|
|
2553 |
|
|
|
2554 |
Dull |
|
|
2555 |
|
|
|
2556 |
|
|
|
2557 |
Equalize |
|
|
2558 |
|
|
|
2559 |
|
|
|
2560 |
Normalize |
|
|
2561 |
|
|
|
2562 |
|
|
|
2563 |
Negate |
|
|
2564 |
|
|
|
2565 |
|
|
|
2566 |
GRAYscale |
|
|
2567 |
|
|
|
2568 |
|
|
|
2569 |
Quantize... |
|
|
2570 |
|
|
|
2571 |
|
|
|
2572 |
__Effects__ |
|
|
2573 |
|
|
|
2574 |
|
|
|
2575 |
Despeckle |
|
|
2576 |
|
|
|
2577 |
|
|
|
2578 |
Emboss |
|
|
2579 |
|
|
|
2580 |
|
|
|
2581 |
Reduce Noise |
|
|
2582 |
|
|
|
2583 |
|
|
|
2584 |
Add Noise |
|
|
2585 |
|
|
|
2586 |
|
|
|
2587 |
Sharpen... |
|
|
2588 |
|
|
|
2589 |
|
|
|
2590 |
Blur... |
|
|
2591 |
|
|
|
2592 |
|
|
|
2593 |
Threshold... |
|
|
2594 |
|
|
|
2595 |
|
|
|
2596 |
Edge Detect... |
|
|
2597 |
|
|
|
2598 |
|
|
|
2599 |
Spread... |
|
|
2600 |
|
|
|
2601 |
|
|
|
2602 |
Shade... |
|
|
2603 |
|
|
|
2604 |
|
|
|
2605 |
Raise... |
|
|
2606 |
|
|
|
2607 |
|
|
|
2608 |
Segment... |
|
|
2609 |
|
|
|
2610 |
|
|
|
2611 |
__F/X__ |
|
|
2612 |
|
|
|
2613 |
|
|
|
2614 |
Solarize... |
|
|
2615 |
|
|
|
2616 |
|
|
|
2617 |
Swirl... |
|
|
2618 |
|
|
|
2619 |
|
|
|
2620 |
Implode... |
|
|
2621 |
|
|
|
2622 |
|
|
|
2623 |
Wave... |
|
|
2624 |
|
|
|
2625 |
|
|
|
2626 |
Oil Paint |
|
|
2627 |
|
|
|
2628 |
|
|
|
2629 |
Charcoal Draw... |
|
|
2630 |
|
|
|
2631 |
|
|
|
2632 |
__Miscellany__ |
|
|
2633 |
|
|
|
2634 |
|
|
|
2635 |
Image Info |
|
|
2636 |
|
|
|
2637 |
|
|
|
2638 |
Zoom Image |
|
|
2639 |
|
|
|
2640 |
|
|
|
2641 |
Show Preview... |
|
|
2642 |
|
|
|
2643 |
|
|
|
2644 |
Show Histogram |
|
|
2645 |
|
|
|
2646 |
|
|
|
2647 |
Show Matte |
|
|
2648 |
|
|
|
2649 |
|
|
|
2650 |
__Help__ |
|
|
2651 |
|
|
|
2652 |
|
|
|
2653 |
__Dismiss__ |
|
|
2654 |
|
|
|
2655 |
|
|
|
2656 |
You can make adjustments to the region of interest by moving |
|
|
2657 |
the pointer to one of the rectangle corners, pressing a |
|
|
2658 |
button, and dragging. Finally, choose an image processing |
|
|
2659 |
technique from the Command widget. You can choose more than |
|
|
2660 |
one image processing technique to apply to an area. |
|
|
2661 |
Alternatively, you can move the region of interest before |
|
|
2662 |
applying another image processing technique. To exit, press |
|
|
2663 |
Dismiss. |
|
|
2664 |
!!IMAGE PANNING |
|
|
2665 |
|
|
|
2666 |
|
|
|
2667 |
When an image exceeds the width or height of the X server |
|
|
2668 |
screen, display maps a small panning icon. The rectangle |
|
|
2669 |
within the panning icon shows the area that is currently |
|
|
2670 |
displayed in the the image window. To pan about the image, |
|
|
2671 |
press any button and drag the pointer within the panning |
|
|
2672 |
icon. The pan rectangle moves with the pointer and the image |
|
|
2673 |
window is updated to reflect the location of the rectangle |
|
|
2674 |
within the panning icon. When you have selected the area of |
|
|
2675 |
the image you wish to view, release the button. |
|
|
2676 |
|
|
|
2677 |
|
|
|
2678 |
Use the arrow keys to pan the image one pixel up, down, |
|
|
2679 |
left, or right within the image window. |
|
|
2680 |
|
|
|
2681 |
|
|
|
2682 |
The panning icon is withdrawn if the image becomes smaller |
|
|
2683 |
than the dimensions of the X server screen. |
|
|
2684 |
!!USER PREFERENCES |
|
|
2685 |
|
|
|
2686 |
|
|
|
2687 |
Preferences affect the default behavior of |
|
|
2688 |
__display(1)__. The preferences are either true or false |
|
|
2689 |
and are stored in your home directory as |
|
|
2690 |
.displayrc: |
|
|
2691 |
|
|
|
2692 |
|
|
|
2693 |
__display image centered on a |
|
|
2694 |
backdrop____ |
|
|
2695 |
|
|
|
2696 |
|
|
|
2697 |
This backdrop covers the entire workstation screen and is |
|
|
2698 |
useful for hiding other X window activity while viewing the |
|
|
2699 |
image. The color of the backdrop is specified as the |
|
|
2700 |
background color. Refer to X Resources for |
|
|
2701 |
details. |
|
|
2702 |
|
|
|
2703 |
|
|
|
2704 |
__confirm on program exit____ |
|
|
2705 |
|
|
|
2706 |
|
|
|
2707 |
Ask for a confirmation before exiting the __display(1)__ |
|
|
2708 |
program. |
|
|
2709 |
|
|
|
2710 |
|
|
|
2711 |
__correct image for display gamma____ |
|
|
2712 |
|
|
|
2713 |
|
|
|
2714 |
If the image has a known gamma, the gamma is corrected to |
|
|
2715 |
match that of the X server (see the X Resource |
|
|
2716 |
__displayGamma__). |
|
|
2717 |
|
|
|
2718 |
|
|
|
2719 |
__apply Floyd/Steinberg error diffusion to |
|
|
2720 |
image____ |
|
|
2721 |
|
|
|
2722 |
|
|
|
2723 |
The basic strategy of dithering is to trade intensity |
|
|
2724 |
resolution for spatial resolution by averaging the |
|
|
2725 |
intensities of several neighboring pixels. Images which |
|
|
2726 |
suffer from severe contouring when reducing colors can be |
|
|
2727 |
improved with this preference. |
|
|
2728 |
|
|
|
2729 |
|
|
|
2730 |
__use a shared colormap for colormapped X |
|
|
2731 |
visuals____ |
|
|
2732 |
|
|
|
2733 |
|
|
|
2734 |
This option only applies when the default X server visual is |
2 |
perry |
2735 |
''!PseudoColor'' or ''GRAYScale''. Refer to |
1 |
perry |
2736 |
__-visual__ for more details. By default, a shared |
|
|
2737 |
colormap is allocated. The image shares colors with other X |
|
|
2738 |
clients. Some image colors could be approximated, therefore |
|
|
2739 |
your image may look very different than intended. Otherwise |
|
|
2740 |
the image colors appear exactly as they are defined. |
|
|
2741 |
However, other clients may go technicolor when the image |
|
|
2742 |
colormap is installed. |
|
|
2743 |
|
|
|
2744 |
|
|
|
2745 |
__display images as an X server |
|
|
2746 |
pixmap____ |
|
|
2747 |
|
|
|
2748 |
|
|
|
2749 |
Images are maintained as a XImage by default. Set this |
|
|
2750 |
resource to True to utilize a server Pixmap instead. This |
|
|
2751 |
option is useful if your image exceeds the dimensions of |
|
|
2752 |
your server screen and you intend to pan the image. Panning |
|
|
2753 |
is much faster with Pixmaps than with a XImage. Pixmaps are |
|
|
2754 |
considered a precious resource, use them with |
|
|
2755 |
discretion. |
|
|
2756 |
!!ENVIRONMENT |
|
|
2757 |
|
|
|
2758 |
|
|
|
2759 |
__DISPLAY__ |
|
|
2760 |
|
|
|
2761 |
|
|
|
2762 |
To get the default host, display number, and |
|
|
2763 |
screen. |
|
|
2764 |
!!ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS |
|
|
2765 |
|
|
|
2766 |
|
|
|
2767 |
The __MIT X Consortium__ for making network transparent |
|
|
2768 |
graphics a reality. |
|
|
2769 |
|
|
|
2770 |
|
|
|
2771 |
''Peder Langlo'', __Hewlett Packard__, Norway, made |
|
|
2772 |
hundreds of suggestions and bug reports. Without Peder, |
2 |
perry |
2773 |
__!ImageMagick__ would not be nearly as useful as it is |
1 |
perry |
2774 |
today. |
|
|
2775 |
|
|
|
2776 |
|
|
|
2777 |
''Rod Bogart'' and ''John W. Peterson'', __University |
|
|
2778 |
of Utah__. Image compositing is loosely based on rlecomp |
|
|
2779 |
of the Utah Raster Toolkit. |
|
|
2780 |
|
|
|
2781 |
|
|
|
2782 |
''Michael Halle'', __Spatial Imaging Group at MIT__, |
|
|
2783 |
for the initial implementation of Alan Paeth's image |
|
|
2784 |
rotation algorithm. |
|
|
2785 |
|
|
|
2786 |
|
2 |
perry |
2787 |
''David Pensak'', __!ImageMagick Studio__, for |
1 |
perry |
2788 |
providing a computing environment that made this program |
|
|
2789 |
possible. |
|
|
2790 |
|
|
|
2791 |
|
|
|
2792 |
''Paul Raveling'', __USC Information Sciences |
|
|
2793 |
Institute__. The spatial subdivision color reduction |
|
|
2794 |
algorithm is based on his Img software. |
|
|
2795 |
!!SEE ALSO |
|
|
2796 |
|
|
|
2797 |
|
|
|
2798 |
animate(1), composite(1), conjure(1), convert(1), |
2 |
perry |
2799 |
identify(1), !ImageMagick(1), import(1), mogrify(1), |
1 |
perry |
2800 |
montage(1) |
|
|
2801 |
!!COPYRIGHT |
|
|
2802 |
|
|
|
2803 |
|
2 |
perry |
2804 |
__Copyright (C) 2002 !ImageMagick Studio__ |
1 |
perry |
2805 |
|
|
|
2806 |
|
|
|
2807 |
__Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any |
|
|
2808 |
person obtaining a copy of this software and associated |
|
|
2809 |
documentation files ( |
|
|
2810 |
__ |
|
|
2811 |
|
|
|
2812 |
|
|
|
2813 |
__The above copyright notice and this permission notice |
|
|
2814 |
shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of |
2 |
perry |
2815 |
!ImageMagick.__ |
1 |
perry |
2816 |
|
|
|
2817 |
|
|
|
2818 |
__The software is provided |
|
|
2819 |
__ |
|
|
2820 |
|
|
|
2821 |
|
|
|
2822 |
__Except as contained in this notice, the name of the |
2 |
perry |
2823 |
!ImageMagick Studio LLC shall not be used in advertising or |
1 |
perry |
2824 |
otherwise to promote the sale, use or other dealings in |
2 |
perry |
2825 |
!ImageMagick without prior written authorization from the |
|
|
2826 |
!ImageMagick Studio.__ |
1 |
perry |
2827 |
!!AUTHORS |
|
|
2828 |
|
|
|
2829 |
|
2 |
perry |
2830 |
''John Cristy, !ImageMagick Studio LLC, Glenn |
|
|
2831 |
Randers-Pehrson, !ImageMagick Studio LLC.'' |
1 |
perry |
2832 |
---- |