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DICTZIP !!!DICTZIP NAME SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION TRADEOFFS OPTIONS CREDITS SEE ALSO ---- !!NAME dictzip, dictunzip, dictzcat - compress (or expand) files, allowing random access !!SYNOPSIS __dictzip [[__''options''__]__ ''name ''__dictunzip [[__''options''__]__ ''name ''__dictzcat__ ''name '' !!DESCRIPTION __dictzip__ compresses files using the gzip(1) algorithm (LZ77) in a manner which is completely compatible with the __gzip__ file format. An extension to the __gzip__ file format (Extra Field, described in 2.3.1.1 of RFC 1952) allows extra data to be stored in the header of a compressed file. Programs like __gzip__ and __zcat__ will ignore this extra data. However, dictd(8), the DICT protocol dictionary server will make use of this data to perform pseudo-random access on the file. Files in the __dictzip__ format should end in __gzip__ files that do not contain the special header information. From RFC 1952, the extra field is specified as follows: If the FLG.FEXTRA bit is set, an +---+---+---+---+==================================+ |SI1|SI2| LEN |... LEN bytes of subfield data ...| +---+---+---+---+==================================+ SI1 and SI2 provide a subfield ID, typically two ASCII letters with some mnemonic value. Jean-Loup Gailly LEN gives the length of the subfield data, excluding the 4 initial bytes. The __dictzip__ program uses 'R' for SI1, and 'A' for SI2 (i.e., __ +---+---+---+---+---+---+===============================+ | VER | CHLEN | CHCNT | ... CHCNT words of data ... | +---+---+---+---+---+---+===============================+ As per RFC 1952, all data is stored least-significant byte first. For VER 1 of the data, all values are 16-bits long (2 bytes), and are unsigned integers. XLEN (which is specified earlier in the header) is a two byte integer, so the extra field can be 0xffff bytes long, 2 bytes of which are used for the subfield ID (SI1 and SI1), and 2 bytes of which are used for the subfield length (LEN). This leaves 0xfffb bytes (0x7ffd 2-byte entries or 0x3ffe 4-byte entries). Given that the zip output buffer must be 10% + 12 bytes larger than the input buffer, we can store 58969 bytes per entry, or about 1.8GB if the 2-byte entries are used. If this becomes a limiting factor, another format version can be selected and defined for 4-byte entries. For compression, the file is divided up into To perform random access on the data, the offset and length of the data are provided to library routines. These routines determine the chunk in which the desired data begins, and decompresses that chunk. Consecutive chunks are decompressed as necessary. !!TRADEOFFS __Speed__ True random file access is not realized, since any access, even for a single byte, requires that a 64kB chunk be read and decompressed. This is slower than accessing a flat text file, but is much, much faster than performing serial access on a fully compressed file. __Space__ For the textual dictionary databases we are working with, the use of 64kB chunks and maximal LZ77 compression realizes a file which is only about 4% larger than the same file compressed all at once. !!OPTIONS __-d__ or __--decompress__ Decompress. This is the default if the executable is called __dictunzip__. __-c__ or __--stdout__ Write output on standard output; keep original files unchanged. This is only available when decompressing (because parts of the header must be updated after a write when compressing). __-f__ or __--force__ Force compression or decompression even if the output file already exists. __-h__ or __--help__ Display help. __-k__ or __--keep__ Do not delete the original file. __-l__ or __--list__ For each compressed file, list the following fields: type: dzip, gzip, or text (includes files in unknown formats) crc: CRC checksum date and time: from header chunks: number of chunks in file size: size of each uncompressed chunk compr.: compressed size uncompr.: uncompressed size ratio: compression ratio (0.0% if unknown) name: name of uncompressed file Unlike __gzip__, the compression method is not detected. __-L__ or __--license__ Display the __dictzip__ license and quit. __-t__ or __--test__ Check the compressed file integrity. This option is not implemented. Instead, it will list the header information. __-v__ or __--verbose__ Verbose. Display extra information during compression. __-V__ or __--version__ Version. Display the version number and compilation options then quit. __-s__ ''start'' or __--start__ ''start'' Specify the offer to start decompression, using decimal numbers. The default is at the beginning of the file. __-e__ ''size'' or __--size__ ''size'' Specify the size of the portion of the file to decompress, using decimal numbers. The default is the whole file. __-S__ ''start'' or __--Start__ ''start'' Specify the offer to start decompression, using base64 numbers. The default is at the beginning of the file. __-E__ ''size'' or __--Size__ ''start'' Specify the size of the portion of the file to decompress, using base64 numbers. The default is the whole file. __-p__ ''prefilter'' or __--pre__ ''prefilter'' Specify a shell command to execute as a filter before compression or decompression of a chunk. The pre- and post-compression filters can be used to provide additional compression or output formatting. The filters may not increase the buffer size significantly. The pre- and post-compression filters were designed to provide the most general interface possible. __-P__ ''postfilter'' or __--post__ ''postfilter'' Specify a shell command to execute as a filter after compression or decompression. !!CREDITS __dictzip__ was written by Rik Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu) and is distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License. If you need to distribute under other terms, write to the author. The main libraries used by this programs (zlib, regex, libmaa) are distributed under different terms, so you may be able to use the libraries for applications which are incompatible with the GPL -- please see the copyright notices and license information that come with the libraries for more information, and consult with your attorney to resolve these issues. !!SEE ALSO dict(1), dictd(8), gzip(1), gunzip(1), zcat(1) ----
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