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DEBUGFS !!!DEBUGFS NAME SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION OPTIONS SPECIFYING FILES COMMANDS AUTHOR SEE ALSO ---- !!NAME debugfs - ext2 file system debugger !!SYNOPSIS __debugfs__ [[ __-b__ blocksize ] [[ __-s__ superblock ] [[ __-f__ cmd_file ] [[ __-R__ request ] [[ __-V__ ] [[ [[ __-w__ ] [[ __-c__ ] [[ __-i__ ] [[ device ] ] !!DESCRIPTION The __debugfs__ program is an interactive file system debugger. It can be used to examine and change the state of an ext2 file system.'' device'' is the special file corresponding to the device containing the ext2 file system (e.g /dev/hdXX). !!OPTIONS ''-w'' Specifies that the file system should be opened in read-write mode. Without this option, the file system is opened in read-only mode. ''-c'' Specifies that the file system should be opened in catastrophic mode, in which the inode and group bitmaps are not read initially. This can be useful for filesystems with significant corruption, but because of this, catastrophic mode forces the filesystem to be opened read-only. ''-i'' Specifies that ''device'' represents an ext2 image file created by the __e2image__ program. Since the ext2 image file only contains the superblock, block group descriptor, block and inode allocation bitmaps, and the inode table, many __debugfs__ commands will not function properly. __Warning:__ no safety checks are in place, and __debugfs__ may fail in interesting ways if commands such as ''ls'', ''dump'', etc. are tried. __debugfs__ is a debugging tool. It has rough edges! ''-b blocksize'' Forces the use of the given block size for the file system, rather than detecting the correct block size as normal. ''-s superblock'' Causes the file system superblock to be read from the given block number, rather than the default (1). If you give a ''-s'' option, you must also give a ''-b'' option. ''-f cmd_file'' Causes __debugfs__ to read in commands from ''cmd_file'', and execute them. When __debugfs__ is finished executing those commands, it will exit. ''-R request'' Causes __debugfs__ to execute the single command ''request'', and then exit. ''-V'' print the version number of __debugfs__ and exit. !!SPECIFYING FILES Many __debugfs__ commands take a ''filespec'' as an argument to specify an inode (as opposed to a pathname) in the filesystem which is currently opened by __debugfs__. The ''filespec'' argument may be specified in two forms. The first form is an inode number surrounded by angle brackets, e.g., ''''. The second form is a pathname; if the pathname is prefixed by a forward slash ('/'), then it is interpreted relative to the root of the filesystem which is currently opened by __debugfs__. If not, the pathname is interpreted relative to the current working directory as maintained by __debugfs__. This may be modified by using the __debugfs__ command ''cd''. !!COMMANDS This is a list of the commands which __debugfs__ supports. ''cat filespec'' Dump the contents of the inode ''filespec'' to stdout. ''cd filespec'' Change the current working directory to ''filespec''. ''chroot filespec'' Change the root directory to be the directory ''filespec''. ''close'' Close the currently open file system. ''clri file'' Clear the contents of the inode ''file''. ''dump [[-p] filspec out_file'' Dump the contents of the inode ''filespec'' to the output file ''out_file''. If the ''-p'' option is given set the owner, group and permissions information on ''out_file'' to match ''filespec''. ''expand_dir filespec'' Expand the directory ''filespec''. ''feature [[fs_feature] [[-fs_feature] ...'' Set or clear various filesystem features in the superblock. After setting or clearing any filesystem features that were requested, print the current state of the filesystem feature set. ''find_free_block [[count [[goal]]'' Find the first ''count'' free blocks, starting from ''goal'' and allocate it. ''find_free_inode [[dir [[mode]]'' Find a free inode and allocate it. If present, ''dir'' specifies the inode number of the directory which the inode is to be located. The second optional argument ''mode'' specifies the permissions of the new inode. (If the directory bit is set on the mode, the allocation routine will function differently.) ''freeb block [[count]'' Mark the block number ''block'' as not allocated. If the optional argument ''count'' is present, then ''count'' blocks starting at block number ''block'' will be marked as not allocated. ''freei filespec'' Free the inode specified by ''filespec''. ''help'' Print a list of commands understood by debugfs(8). ''icheck block ...'' Print a listing of the inodes which use the one or more blocks specified on the command line. ''initialize device blocksize'' Create an ext2 file system on ''device'' with device size ''blocksize''. Note that this does not fully initialize all of the data structures; to do this, use the mke2fs(8) program. This is just a call to the low-level library, which sets up the superblock and block descriptors. ''kill_file filespec'' Deallocate the inode ''filespec'' and its blocks. Note that this does not remove any directory entries (if any) to this inode. See the rm(1) command if you wish to unlink a file. ''lcd directory'' Change the current working directory of the __debugfs__ process to ''directory'' on the native filesystem. ''ln filespec dest_file'' Create a link named ''dest_file'' which is a link to ''filespec''. Note this does not adjust the inode reference counts. ''logdump [[-ac] [[-b '' Dump the contents of the ext3 journal. ''ls [[-l] [[-d] filespec'' Print a listing of the files in the directory ''filespec''. The ''-l'' flag will list files using a more verbose format. The ''-d'' flag will list deleted entries in the directory. ''modify_inode filespec'' Modify the contents of the inode structure in the inode ''filespec''. ''mkdir filespec'' Make a directory. ''mknod filespec [[p|[[[[c|b] major minor]]'' Create a special device file (a named pipe, character or block device). If a character or block device is to be made, the ''major'' and ''minor'' device numbers must be specified. ''ncheck inode_num ...'' Take the requested list of inode numbers, and print a listing of pathnames to those inodes. ''open [[-w] [[-f] [[-i] [[-c] [[-b blocksize] [[-s superblock] device'' Open a filesystem for editing. The ''-w'' flag causes the filesystem to be opened for writing. The ''-f'' flag forces the filesystem to be opened even if there are some unknown or incompatible filesystem features which would normally prevent the filesystem from being opened. The ''-c'', ''-b'', ''-i'', ''and'' -s options behave the same as those to __debugfs__ itself. ''pwd'' Print the current working directory. ''quit'' Quit __debugfs__ ''rdump directory destination'' Recursively dump ''directory'' and all its contents (including regular files, symbolic links, and other directories) into the named ''destination'' which should be an existing directory on the native filesystem. ''rm pathname'' Unlink ''pathname''. If this causes the inode pointed to by ''pathname'' to have no other references, deallocate the file. This command functions as the unlink() system call. ''rmdir filespec'' Remove the directory ''filespec''. This function is currently not implemented. ''setb block [[count]'' Mark the block number ''block'' as allocated. If the optional argument ''count'' is present, then ''count'' blocks starting at block number ''block'' will be marked as allocated. ''seti filespec'' Mark inode ''filespec'' as in use in the inode bitmap. ''set_super_value field value'' Set the superblock field ''field'' to ''value.'' The list of valid superblock fields which can be set via this command can be displayed by using the command: __set_super_value -l__ ''show_super_stats [[-h]'' List the contents of the super block and the block group descriptors. If the ''-h'' flag is given, only print out the superblock contents. ''stat filespec'' Display the contents of the inode structure of the inode ''filespec''. ''testb block [[count]'' Test if the block number ''block'' is marked as allocated in the block bitmap. If the optional argument ''count'' is present, then ''count'' blocks starting at block number ''block'' will be tested. ''testi filespec'' Test if the inode ''filespec'' is marked as allocated in the inode bitmap. ''unlink pathname'' Remove the link specified by ''pathname'' to an inode. Note this does not adjust the inode reference counts. ''write source_file out_file'' Create a file in the filesystem named ''out_file'', and copy the contents of ''source_file'' into the destination file. !!AUTHOR __debugfs__ was written by Theodore Ts'o __ !!SEE ALSO dumpe2fs(8), __e2fsck__(8), mke2fs(8) ----
5 pages link to
debugfs(8)
:
Man8d
fsck.ext3(8)
e2fsck(8)
e2image(8)
fsck.ext2(8)
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