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DD

NAME SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION AUTHOR REPORTING BUGS COPYRIGHT SEE ALSO

NAME

dd - convert and copy a file

SYNOPSIS

dd [''OPTION''?...

DESCRIPTION

Copy a file, converting and formatting according to the options.

bs=BYTES

force ibs=BYTES and obs=BYTES

cbs=BYTES

convert BYTES bytes at a time

conv=KEYWORDS

convert the file as per the comma separated keyword list

count=BLOCKS

copy only BLOCKS input blocks

ibs=BYTES

read BYTES bytes at a time

if=FILE

read from FILE instead of stdin

obs=BYTES

write BYTES bytes at a time

of=FILE

write to FILE instead of stdout

seek=BLOCKS

skip BLOCKS obs-sized blocks at start of output

skip=BLOCKS

skip BLOCKS ibs-sized blocks at start of input

--help

display this help and exit

--version

output version information and exit

BLOCKS and BYTES may be followed by the following multiplicative suffixes: xM M, c 1, w 2, b 512, kD 1000, k 1024, MD 1,000,000, M 1,048,576, GD 1,000,000,000, G 1,073,741,824, and so on for T, P, E, Z, Y. Each KEYWORD may be:

ascii

from EBCDIC to ASCII

ebcdic

from ASCII to EBCDIC

ibm

from ASCII to alternated EBCDIC

block

pad newline-terminated records with spaces to cbs-size

unblock

replace trailing spaces in cbs-size records with newline

lcase

change upper case to lower case

notrunc

do not truncate the output file

ucase

change lower case to upper case

swab

swap every pair of input bytes

noerror

continue after read errors

sync

pad every input block with NULs to ibs-size; when used

with block or unblock, pad with spaces rather than NULs

AUTHOR

Written by Paul Rubin, David MacKenzie?, and Stuart Kemp.

REPORTING BUGS

Report bugs to