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1 perry 1 convert
2 !!!convert
3 NAME
4 SYNOPSIS
5 DESCRIPTION
6 EXAMPLES
7 OPTIONS
8 SEGMENTATION
9 ENVIRONMENT
10 SEE ALSO
11 COPYRIGHT
12 AUTHORS
13 ----
14 !!NAME
15 convert - convert an image or sequence of images
16 !!SYNOPSIS
17
18
19 __convert [[__ ''options'' __... ]__ ''input_file output_file''
20 !!DESCRIPTION
21
22
23 __Convert__ converts an input file using one image format
24 to an output file with a differing image format. In
25 addition, various types of image processing can be performed
26 on the converted image during the conversion process.
27 __Convert__ recognizes the image formats listed in
2 perry 28 ''!ImageMagick(1)''.
1 perry 29 !!EXAMPLES
30
31
32 To convert a ''MIFF'' image of a cockatoo to a SUN raster
33 image, use:
34
35
36 convert cockatoo.miff sun:cockatoo.ras
37
38
2 perry 39 To convert a multi-page ''!PostScript'' document to
1 perry 40 individual FAX pages, use:
41
42
43 convert -monochrome document.ps fax:page
44
45
2 perry 46 To convert a TIFF image to a ''!PostScript'' A4 page with
1 perry 47 the image in the lower left-hand corner, use:
48
49
50 convert -page A4+0+0 image.tiff document.ps
51
52
53 To convert a raw Gray image with a 128 byte header to a
54 portable graymap, use:
55
56
57 convert -depth 8 -size 768x512+128 gray:raw
58 image.pgm
59
60
61 To convert a Photo CD image to a TIFF image,
62 use:
63
64
65 convert -size 1536x1024 img0009.pcd image.tiff convert
66 img0009.pcd[[4] image.tiff
67
68
69 To create a visual image directory of all your JPEG images,
70 use:
71
72
73 convert 'vid:*.jpg' directory.miff
74
75
76 To annotate an image with blue text using font 12x24 at
77 position (100,100), use:
78
79
80 convert -font helvetica -fill blue -draw
81
82
83 To tile a 640x480 image with a JPEG texture with bumps
84 use:
85
86
87 convert -size 640x480 tile:bumps.jpg tiled.png
88
89
90 To surround an icon with an ornamental border to use with
91 Mosaic(1), use:
92
93
94 convert -mattecolor
95
96
97 To create a MNG animation from a DNA molecule sequence,
98 use:
99
100
101 convert -delay 20 dna.* dna.mng
102 !!OPTIONS
103
104
105 Options are processed in command line order. Any option you
106 specify on the command line remains in effect for the set of
107 images that follows, until the set is terminated by the
108 appearance of any option or __-noop__. Some options only
109 affect the decoding of images and others only the encoding.
110 The latter can appear after the final group of input
111 images.
112
113
114 For a more detailed description of each option, see
2 perry 115 ''!ImageMagick(1)''.
1 perry 116
117
118 __-adjoin__
119
120
121 join images into a single multi-image file
122
123
124 __-affine__ ''''
125
126
127 drawing transform matrix
128
129
130 __-antialias__
131
132
133 remove pixel aliasing
134
135
136 __-append__
137
138
139 append a set of images
140
141
142 __-average__
143
144
145 average a set of images
146
147
148 __-background__ ''''
149
150
151 the background color
152
153
154 __-blur__
155 ''''
156
157
158 blur the image with a gaussian operator
159
160
161 __-border__
162 ''''
163
164
165 surround the image with a border of color
166
167
168 __-bordercolor__ ''''
169
170
171 the border color
172
173
174 __-box__ ''''
175
176
177 set the color of the annotation bounding box
178
179
180 __-cache__ ''''
181
182
183 megabytes of memory available to the pixel
184 cache
185
186
187 __-channel__ ''''
188
189
190 the type of channel
191
192
193 __-charcoal__ ''''
194
195
196 simulate a charcoal drawing
197
198
199 __-chop__
200 ''''
201
202
203 remove pixels from the interior of an image
204
205
206 __-clip__
207
208
209 apply the clipping path, if one is present
210
211
212 __-coalesce__
213
214
215 merge a sequence of images
216
217
218 __-colorize__ ''''
219
220
221 colorize the image with the pen color
222
223
224 __-colors__ ''''
225
226
227 preferred number of colors in the image
228
229
230 __-colorspace__ ''''
231
232
233 the type of colorspace
234
235
236 __-comment__ ''''
237
238
239 annotate an image with a comment
240
241
242 __-compose__ ''''
243
244
245 the type of image composition
246
247
248 __-compress__ ''''
249
250
251 the type of image compression
252
253
254 __-contrast__
255
256
257 enhance or reduce the image contrast
258
259
260 __-crop__
261 ''''
262
263
264 preferred size and location of the cropped
265 image
266
267
268 __-cycle__ ''''
269
270
271 displace image colormap by amount
272
273
274 __-debug__
275
276
277 enable debug printout
278
279
280 __-deconstruct__
281
282
283 break down an image sequence into constituent
284 parts
285
286
287 __-delay__ ''
288 ''
289
290
291 display the next image after pausing
292
293
294 __-density__
295 ''''
296
297
298 vertical and horizontal resolution in pixels of the
299 image
300
301
302 __-depth__ ''''
303
304
305 depth of the image
306
307
308 __-despeckle__
309
310
311 reduce the speckles within an image
312
313
314 __-display__
315 ''''
316
317
318 specifies the X server to contact
319
320
321 __-dispose__ ''''
322
323
324 GIF disposal method
325
326
327 __-dither__
328
329
330 apply Floyd/Steinberg error diffusion to the
331 image
332
333
334 __-draw__ ''''
335
336
337 annotate an image with one or more graphic
338 primitives
339
340
341 __-edge__ ''''
342
343
344 detect edges within an image
345
346
347 __-emboss__
348
349
350 emboss an image
351
352
353 __-endian__ ''''
354
355
356 specify endianness (MSB or LSB) of output image
357
358
359 __-enhance__
360
361
362 apply a digital filter to enhance a noisy image
363
364
365 __-equalize__
366
367
368 perform histogram equalization to the image
369
370
371 __-fill__ ''''
372
373
374 color to use when filling a graphic primitive
375
376
377 __-filter__ ''''
378
379
380 use this type of filter when resizing an image
381
382
383 __-flatten__
384
385
386 flatten a sequence of images
387
388
389 __-flip__
390
391
392 create a
393
394
395 __-flop__
396
397
398 create a
399
400
401 __-font__ ''''
402
403
404 use this font when annotating the image with
405 text
406
407
408 __-frame__ ''
409 ''
410
411
412 surround the image with an ornamental border
413
414
415 __-fuzz__ ''''
416
417
418 colors within this distance are considered
419 equal
420
421
422 __-gamma__ ''''
423
424
425 level of gamma correction
426
427
428 __-gaussian__
429 ''''
430
431
432 blur the image with a gaussian operator
433
434
435 __-geometry__
436 ''
437 ''
438
439
440 preferred size and location of the Image
441 window.
442
443
444 __-gravity__ ''''
445
446
447 direction primitive gravitates to when annotating the
448 image.
449
450
451 __-help__
452
453
454 print usage instructions
455
456
457 __-implode__ ''''
458
459
460 implode image pixels about the center
461
462
463 __-intent__ ''''
464
465
466 use this type of rendering intent when managing the image
467 color
468
469
470 __-interlace__ ''''
471
472
473 the type of interlacing scheme
474
475
476 __-label__ ''''
477
478
479 assign a label to an image
480
481
482 __-level__ ''''
483
484
485 adjust the level of image contrast
486
487
488 __-list__ ''''
489
490
491 the type of list
492
493
494 __-loop__ ''''
495
496
497 add Netscape loop extension to your GIF
498 animation
499
500
501 __-map__ ''''
502
503
504 choose a particular set of colors from this
505 image
506
507
508 __-mask__ ''''
509
510
511 Specify a clipping mask
512
513
514 __-matte__
515
516
517 store matte channel if the image has one
518
519
520 __-median__ ''''
521
522
523 apply a median filter to the image
524
525
526 __-modulate__ ''''
527
528
529 vary the brightness, saturation, and hue of an
530 image
531
532
533 __-monochrome__
534
535
536 transform the image to black and white
537
538
539 __-morph__ ''''
540
541
542 morphs an image sequence
543
544
545 __-mosaic__
546
547
548 create a mosaic from an image sequence
549
550
551 __-negate__
552
553
554 replace every pixel with its complementary
555 color
556
557
558 __-noise__ ''''
559
560
561 add or reduce noise in an image
562
563
564 __-noop__
565
566
567 NOOP (no option)
568
569
570 __-normalize__
571
572
573 transform image to span the full range of color
574 values
575
576
577 __-opaque__ ''''
578
579
580 change this color to the pen color within the
581 image
582
583
584 __-page__
585 ''''
586
587
588 size and location of an image canvas
589
590
591 __-paint__ ''''
592
593
594 simulate an oil painting
595
596
597 __-pen__ ''''
598
599
600 specify the pen color for drawing operations
601
602
603 __-ping__
604
605
606 efficiently determine image characteristics
607
608
609 __-pointsize__ ''''
610
611
2 perry 612 pointsize of the Postscript, OPTION1, or !TrueType
1 perry 613 font
614
615
616 __-preview__ ''''
617
618
619 image preview type
620
621
622 __-process__ ''''
623
624
625 process a sequence of images
626
627
628 __-profile__ ''''
629
630
631 add ICM, IPTC, or generic profile to image
632
633
634 __-quality__ ''''
635
636
637 JPEG/MIFF/PNG compression level
638
639
640 __-raise__
641 ''''
642
643
644 lighten or darken image edges
645
646
647 __-region__
648 ''''
649
650
651 apply options to a portion of the image
652
653
654 __-resize__
655 ''''
656
657
658 resize and locate an image
659
660
661 __-roll__ ''{+-}''
662
663
664 roll an image vertically or horizontally
665
666
667 __-rotate__
668 ''''
669
670
671 apply Paeth image rotation to the image
672
673
674 __-sample__ ''''
675
676
677 scale image with pixel sampling
678
679
680 __-sampling_factor__
681 ''''
682
683
684 sampling factors used by JPEG encoder.
685
686
687 __-scale__ ''''
688
689
690 scale the image.
691
692
693 __-scene__ ''''
694
695
696 set scene number
697
698
699 __-seed__ ''''
700
701
702 pseudo-random number generator seed value
703
704
705 __-segment__ ''
706 ''
707
708
709 segment an image
710
711
712 __-shade__
713 ''''
714
715
716 shade the image using a distant light source
717
718
719 __-sharpen__
720 ''''
721
722
723 sharpen the image
724
725
726 __-shave__
727 ''''
728
729
730 shave pixels from the image edges
731
732
733 __-shear__ ''
734 ''
735
736
737 shear the image along the X or Y axis
738
739
740 __-size__
741 ''''
742
743
744 width and height of the image
745
746
747 __-solarize__ ''''
748
749
750 negate all pixels above the threshold level
751
752
753 __-spread__ ''''
754
755
756 displace image pixels by a random amount
757
758
759 __-stroke__ ''''
760
761
762 color to use when stroking a graphic primitive
763
764
765 __-strokewidth__ ''''
766
767
768 set the stroke width
769
770
771 __-swirl__ ''''
772
773
774 swirl image pixels about the center
775
776
777 __-texture__ ''''
778
779
780 name of texture to tile onto the image
781 background
782
783
784 __-threshold__ ''''
785
786
787 threshold the image
788
789
790 __-tile__ ''''
791
792
793 tile image when filling a graphic primitive
794
795
796 __-transparent__ ''''
797
798
799 make this color transparent within the image
800
801
802 __-treedepth__ ''''
803
804
805 tree depth for the color reduction algorithm
806
807
808 __-trim__
809
810
811 trim an image
812
813
814 __-type__ ''''
815
816
817 the image type
818
819
820 __-units__ ''''
821
822
823 the type of image resolution
824
825
826 __-unsharp__
827 ''''
828
829
830 sharpen the image with an unsharp mask operator
831
832
833 __-use_pixmap__
834
835
836 use the pixmap
837
838
839 __-verbose__
840
841
842 print detailed information about the image
843
844
845 __-view__ ''''
846
847
2 perry 848 !FlashPix viewing parameters
1 perry 849
850
851 __-wave__
852 ''''
853
854
855 alter an image along a sine wave
856
857
858 __-write__ ''''
859
860
861 write an image sequence [[''convert,
862 composite'']
863
864
865 For a more detailed description of each option, see
2 perry 866 ''!ImageMagick(1)''.
1 perry 867 !!SEGMENTATION
868
869
870 Use __-segment__ to segment an image by analyzing the
871 histograms of the color components and identifying units
872 that are homogeneous with the fuzzy c-means technique. The
873 scale-space filter analyzes the histograms of the three
874 color components of the image and identifies a set of
875 classes. The extents of each class is used to coarsely
876 segment the image with thresholding. The color associated
877 with each class is determined by the mean color of all
878 pixels within the extents of a particular class. Finally,
879 any unclassified pixels are assigned to the closest class
880 with the fuzzy c-means technique.
881
882
883 The fuzzy c-Means algorithm can be summarized as
884 follows:
885
886
887 Build a histogram, one for each color component of the
888 image.
889
890
891 For each histogram, successively apply the scale-space
892 filter and build an interval tree of zero crossings in the
893 second derivative at each scale. Analyze this scale-space
894
895
896 The fingerprint defines intervals on the axis of the
897 histogram. Each interval contains either a minima or a
898 maxima in the original signal. If each color component lies
899 within the maxima interval, that pixel is considered
900
901
902 Any pixel that fails to be classified in the above
903 thresholding pass is classified using the fuzzy c-Means
904 technique. It is assigned to one of the classes discovered
905 in the histogram analysis phase.
906
907
908 The fuzzy c-Means technique attempts to cluster a pixel by
909 finding the local minima of the generalized within group sum
910 of squared error objective function. A pixel is assigned to
911 the closest class of which the fuzzy membership has a
912 maximum value.
913
914
915 For additional information see: Young Won Lim,
916 Sang Uk Lee'', ``__On The Color Image Segmentation
917 Algorithm Based on the Thresholding and the Fuzzy c-Means
918 Techniques__'', Pattern Recognition, Volume 23, Number 9,
919 pages 935-952, 1990.__
920 !!ENVIRONMENT
921
922
923 __DISPLAY__
924
925
926 To get the default host, display number, and
927 screen.
928 !!SEE ALSO
929
930
2 perry 931 display(1), animate(1), identify(1), !ImageMagick(1),
1 perry 932 montage(1), mogrify(1), composite(1)
933 !!COPYRIGHT
934
935
2 perry 936 __Copyright (C) 2002 !ImageMagick Studio__
1 perry 937
938
939 __Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any
940 person obtaining a copy of this software and associated
941 documentation files (
942 __
943
944
945 __The above copyright notice and this permission notice
946 shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of
2 perry 947 !ImageMagick.__
1 perry 948
949
950 __The software is provided
951 __
952
953
954 __Except as contained in this notice, the name of the
2 perry 955 !ImageMagick Studio LLC shall not be used in advertising or
1 perry 956 otherwise to promote the sale, use or other dealings in
2 perry 957 !ImageMagick without prior written authorization from the
958 !ImageMagick Studio.__
1 perry 959 !!AUTHORS
960
961
2 perry 962 ''John Cristy, !ImageMagick Studio LLC, Glenn
963 Randers-Pehrson, !ImageMagick Studio LLC.''
1 perry 964 ----
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