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Rev	Author	#	Line
1	perry	1	BOOTPARAM
		2	!!!BOOTPARAM
		3	NAME
		4	DESCRIPTION
		5	THE ARGUMENT LIST
		6	GENERAL NON-DEVICE SPECIFIC BOOT ARGS
		7	BOOT ARGUMENTS FOR USE BY KERNEL DEVELOPERS
		8	BOOT ARGUMENTS FOR RAMDISK USE
		9	BOOT ARGUMENTS FOR SCSI DEVICES
		10	HARD DISKS
		11	IBM MCA BUS DEVICES
		12	CD-ROMs (Non-SCSI/ATAPI/IDE)
		13	ETHERNET DEVICES
		14	THE FLOPPY DISK DRIVER
		15	THE SOUND DRIVER
		16	ISDN DRIVERS
		17	SERIAL PORT DRIVERS
		18	THE LINE PRINTER DRIVER
		19	MOUSE DRIVERS
		20	VIDEO HARDWARE
		21	AUTHORS
		22	SEE ALSO
		23	----
		24	!!NAME
		25
		26
		27	bootparam - Introduction to boot time parameters of the Linux kernel
		28	!!DESCRIPTION
		29
		30
		31	The Linux kernel accepts certain `command line options' or
		32	`boot time parameters' at the moment it is started. In
		33	general this is used to supply the kernel with information
		34	about hardware parameters that the kernel would not be able
		35	to determine on its own, or to avoid/override the values
		36	that the kernel would otherwise detect.
		37
		38
		39	When the kernel is booted directly by the BIOS (say from a
		40	floppy to which you copied a kernel using `cp zImage
		41	/dev/fd0'), you have no opportunity to specify any
		42	parameters. So, in order to take advantage of this
		43	possibility you have to use software that is able to pass
		44	parameters, like LILO or loadlin. For a few parameters one
		45	can also modify the kernel image itself, using rdev, see
		46	rdev(8) for further details.
		47
		48
		49	The LILO program (LInux LOader) written by Werner
		50	Almesberger is the most commonly used. It has the ability to
		51	boot various kernels, and stores the configuration
		52	information in a plain text file. (See lilo(8) and
		53	lilo.conf(5).) LILO can boot DOS, OS/2, Linux,
		54	FreeBSD, !UnixWare, etc., and is quite flexible.
		55
		56
		57	The other commonly used Linux loader is `!LoadLin' which is a
		58	DOS program that has the capability to launch a Linux kernel
		59	from the DOS prompt (with boot-args) assuming that certain
		60	resources are available. This is good for people that want
		61	to launch Linux from DOS.
		62
		63
		64	It is also very useful if you have certain hardware which
		65	relies on the supplied DOS driver to put the hardware into a
		66	known state. A common example is `!SoundBlaster Compatible'
		67	sound cards that require the DOS driver to twiddle a few
		68	mystical registers to put the card into a SB compatible
		69	mode. Booting DOS with the supplied driver, and then loading
		70	Linux from the DOS prompt with loadlin avoids the reset of
		71	the card that happens if one rebooted instead.
		72	!!THE ARGUMENT LIST
		73
		74
		75	The kernel command line is parsed into a list of strings
		76	(boot arguments) separated by spaces. Most of the boot args
		77	take the form of:
		78
		79
		80	name[[=value_1][[,value_2]...[[,value_10]
		81
		82
		83	where `name' is a unique keyword that is used to identify
		84	what part of the kernel the associated values (if any) are
		85	to be given to. Note the limit of 10 is real, as the present
		86	code only handles 10 comma separated parameters per keyword.
		87	(However, you can re-use the same keyword with up to an
		88	additional 10 parameters in unusually complicated
		89	situations, assuming the setup function supports
		90	it.)
		91
		92
		93	Most of the sorting goes on in linux/init/main.c. First, the
		94	kernel checks to see if the argument is any of the special
		95	arguments `root=', `nfsroot=', `nfsaddrs=', `ro', `rw',
		96	`debug' or `init'. The meaning of these special arguments is
		97	described below.
		98
		99
		100	Then it walks a list of setup functions (contained in the
		101	bootsetups array) to see if the specified argument string
		102	(such as `foo') has been associated with a setup function
		103	(`foo_setup()') for a particular device or part of the
		104	kernel. If you passed the kernel the line foo=3,4,5,6 then
		105	the kernel would search the bootsetups array to see if `foo'
		106	was registered. If it was, then it would call the setup
		107	function associated with `foo' (foo_setup()) and hand it the
		108	arguments 3, 4, 5 and 6 as given on the kernel command
		109	line.
		110
		111
		112	Anything of the form `foo=bar' that is not accepted as a
		113	setup funtion as described above is then interpreted as an
		114	environment variable to be set. A (useless?) example would
		115	be to use `TERM=vt100' as a boot argument.
		116
		117
		118	Any remaining arguments that were not picked up by the
		119	kernel and were not interpreted as environment variables are
		120	then passed onto process one, which is usually the init
		121	program. The most common argument that is passed to the init
		122	process is the word `single' which instructs init to boot
		123	the computer in single user mode, and not launch all the
		124	usual daemons. Check the manual page for the version of init
		125	installed on your system to see what arguments it
		126	accepts.
		127	!!GENERAL NON-DEVICE SPECIFIC BOOT ARGS
		128
		129
		130	__`init=...'__
		131
		132
		133	This sets the initial command to be executed by the kernel.
		134	If this is not set, or cannot be found, the kernel will try
		135	''/etc/init'', then ''/bin/init'', then
		136	''/sbin/init'', then ''/bin/sh'' and panic if all of
		137	this fails.
		138
		139
		140	__`nfsaddrs=...'__
		141
		142
		143	This sets the nfs boot address to the given string. This
		144	boot address is used in case of a net boot.
		145
		146
		147	__`nfsroot=...'__
		148
		149
		150	This sets the nfs root name to the given string. If this
		151	string does not begin with '/' or ',' or a digit, then it is
		152	prefixed by `/tftpboot/'. This root name is used in case of
		153	a net boot.
		154
		155
		156	__`no387'__
		157
		158
		159	(Only when CONFIG_BUGi386 is defined.) Some i387 coprocessor
		160	chips have bugs that show up when used in 32 bit protected
		161	mode. For example, some of the early ULSI-387 chips would
		162	cause solid lockups while performing floating point
		163	calculations. Using the `no387' boot arg causes Linux to
		164	ignore the maths coprocessor even if you have one. Of course
		165	you must then have your kernel compiled with math emulation
		166	support!
		167
		168
		169	__`no-hlt'__
		170
		171
		172	(Only when CONFIG_BUGi386 is defined.) Some of the early
		173	i486DX-100 chips have a problem with the `hlt' instruction,
		174	in that they can't reliably return to operating mode after
		175	this instruction is used. Using the `no-hlt' instruction
		176	tells Linux to just run an infinite loop when there is
		177	nothing else to do, and to not halt the CPU. This allows
		178	people with these broken chips to use Linux.
		179
		180
		181	__`root=...'__
		182
		183
		184	This argument tells the kernel what device is to be used as
		185	the root filesystem while booting. The default of this
		186	setting is determined at compile time, and usually is the
		187	value of the root device of the system that the kernel was
		188	built on. To override this value, and select the second
		189	floppy drive as the root device, one would use
		190	`root=/dev/fd1'. (The root device can also be set using
		191	rdev(8).)
		192
		193
		194	The root device can be specified symbolically or
		195	numerically. A symbolic specification has the form
		196	/dev/XXYN, where XX designates the device type (`hd' for
		197	ST-506 compatible hard disk, with Y in `a'-`d'; `sd' for
		198	SCSI compatible disk, with Y in `a'-`e'; `ad' for Atari ACSI
		199	disk, with Y in `a'-`e', `ez' for a Syquest EZ135 parallel
		200	port removable drive, with Y=`a', `xd' for XT compatible
		201	disk, with Y either `a' or `b'; `fd' for floppy disk, with Y
		202	the floppy drive number - fd0 would be the DOS `A:' drive,
		203	and fd1 would be `B:'), Y the driver letter or number, and N
		204	the number (in decimal) of the partition on this device
		205	(absent in the case of floppies). Recent kernels allow many
		206	other types, mostly for CD-ROMs: nfs, ram, scd, mcd, cdu535,
		207	aztcd, cm206cd, gscd, sbpcd, sonycd, bpcd. (The type nfs
		208	specifies a net boot; ram refers to a ram
		209	disk.)
		210
		211
		212	Note that this has nothing to do with the designation of
		213	these devices on your file system. The `/dev/' part is
		214	purely conventional.
		215
		216
		217	The more awkward and less portable numeric specification of
		218	the above possible root devices in major/minor format is
		219	also accepted. (E.g., /dev/sda3 is major 8, minor 3, so you
		220	could use `root=0x803' as an alternative.)
		221
		222
		223	__`ro' and `rw'__
		224
		225
		226	The `ro' option tells the kernel to mount the root
		227	filesystem as `readonly' so that filesystem consistency
		228	check programs (fsck) can do their work on a quiescent file
		229	system. No processes can write to files on the filesystem in
		230	question until it is `remounted' as read/write capable,
		231	e.g., by `mount -w -n -o remount /'. (See also
		232	mount(8).)
		233
		234
		235	The `rw' option tells the kernel to mount the root
		236	filesystem read/write. This is the default.
		237
		238
		239	The choice between read-only and read/write can also be set
		240	using rdev(8).
		241
		242
		243	__`reserve=...'__
		244
		245
		246	This is used to protect I/O port regions from probes. The
		247	form of the command is:
		248
		249
		250	__reserve=__''iobase,extent[[,iobase,extent]...''
		251
		252
		253	In some machines it may be necessary to prevent device
		254	drivers from checking for devices (auto-probing) in a
		255	specific region. This may be because of hardware that reacts
		256	badly to the probing, or hardware that would be mistakenly
		257	identified, or merely hardware you don't want the kernel to
		258	initialize.
		259
		260
		261	The reserve boot-time argument specifies an I/O port region
		262	that shouldn't be probed. A device driver will not probe a
		263	reserved region, unless another boot argument explicitly
		264	specifies that it do so.
		265
		266
		267	For example, the boot line
		268
		269
		270	reserve=0x300,32 blah=0x300
		271
		272
		273	keeps all device drivers except the driver for `blah' from
		274	probing 0x300-0x31f.
		275
		276
		277	__`mem=...'__
		278
		279
		280	The BIOS call defined in the PC specification that returns
		281	the amount of installed memory was only designed to be able
		282	to report up to 64MB. Linux uses this BIOS call at boot to
		283	determine how much memory is installed. If you have more
		284	than 64MB of RAM installed, you can use this boot arg to
		285	tell Linux how much memory you have. The value is in decimal
		286	or hexadecimal (prefix 0x), and the suffixes `k' (times
		287	1024) or `M' (times 1048576) can be used. Here is a quote
		288	from Linus on usage of the `mem=' parameter.
		289
		290
		291	``The kernel will accept any `mem=xx' parameter you give it,
		292	and if it turns out that you lied to it, it will crash
		293	horribly sooner or later. The parameter indicates the
		294	highest addressable RAM address, so `mem=0x1000000' means
		295	you have 16MB of memory, for example. For a 96MB machine
		296	this would be `mem=0x6000000'.
		297
		298
		299	NOTE NOTE NOTE: some machines might use the top of memory
		300	for BIOS cacheing or whatever, so you might not actually
		301	have up to the full 96MB addressable. The reverse is also
		302	true: some chipsets will map the physical memory that is
		303	covered by the BIOS area into the area just past the top of
		304	memory, so the top-of-mem might actually be 96MB + 384kB for
		305	example. If you tell linux that it has more memory than it
		306	actually does have, bad things will happen: maybe not at
		307	once, but surely eventually.''
		308
		309
		310	__`panic=N'__
		311
		312
		313	By default the kernel will not reboot after a panic, but
		314	this option will cause a kernel reboot after N seconds (if N
		315
		316
		317	__`reboot=[[warm|cold][[,[[bios|hard]]'__
		318
		319
		320	(Only when CONFIG_BUGi386 is defined.) Since 2.0.22 a reboot
		321	is by default a cold reboot. One asks for the old default
		322	with `reboot=warm'. (A cold reboot may be required to reset
		323	certain hardware, but might destroy not yet written data in
		324	a disk cache. A warm reboot may be faster.) By default a
		325	reboot is hard, by asking the keyboard controller to pulse
		326	the reset line low, but there is at least one type of
		327	motherboard where that doesn't work. The option
		328	`reboot=bios' will instead jump through the
		329	BIOS.
		330
		331
		332	__`nosmp' and `maxcpus=N'__
		333
		334
		335	(Only when __SMP__ is defined.) A command-line option of
		336	`nosmp' or `maxcpus=0' will disable SMP activation entirely;
		337	an option `maxcpus=N' limits the maximum number of CPUs
		338	activated in SMP mode to N.
		339	!!BOOT ARGUMENTS FOR USE BY KERNEL DEVELOPERS
		340
		341
		342	__`debug'__
		343
		344
		345	Kernel messages are handed off to the kernel log daemon
		346	klogd so that they may be logged to disk. Messages with a
		347	priority above ''console_loglevel'' are also printed on
		348	the console. (For these levels, see
		349	''klogd__(8).
		350
		351
		352	__`profile=N'__
		353
		354
		355	It is possible to enable a kernel profiling function, if one
		356	wishes to find out where the kernel is spending its CPU
		357	cycles. Profiling is enabled by setting the variable
		358	''prof_shift'' to a nonzero value. This is done either by
		359	specifying CONFIG_PROFILE at compile time, or by giving the
		360	`profile=' option. Now the value that ''prof_shift'' gets
		361	will be N, when given, or CONFIG_PROFILE_SHIFT, when that is
		362	given, or 2, the default. The significance of this variable
		363	is that it gives the granularity of the profiling: each
		364	clock tick, if the system was executing kernel code, a
		365	counter is incremented:
		366
		367
		368	profile[[address
		369
		370
		371	The raw profiling information can be read from
		372	''/proc/profile''. Probably you'll want to use a tool
		373	such as readprofile.c to digest it. Writing to
		374	''/proc/profile'' will clear the counters.
		375
		376
		377	__`swap=N1,N2,N3,N4,N5,N6,N7,N8'__
		378
		379
		380	Set the eight parameters max_page_age, page_advance,
		381	page_decline, page_initial_age, age_cluster_fract,
		382	age_cluster_min, pageout_weight, bufferout_weight that
		383	control the kernel swap algorithm. For kernel tuners
		384	only.
		385
		386
		387	__`buff=N1,N2,N3,N4,N5,N6'__
		388
		389
		390	Set the six parameters max_buff_age, buff_advance,
		391	buff_decline, buff_initial_age, bufferout_weight,
		392	buffermem_grace that control kernel buffer memory
		393	management. For kernel tuners only.
		394	!!BOOT ARGUMENTS FOR RAMDISK USE
		395
		396
		397	(Only if the kernel was compiled with CONFIG_BLK_DEV_RAM.)
		398	In general it is a bad idea to use a ramdisk under Linux -
		399	the system will use available memory more efficiently
		400	itself. But while booting (or while constructing boot
		401	floppies) it is often useful to load the floppy contents
		402	into a ramdisk. One might also have a system in which first
		403	some modules (for filesystem or hardware) must be loaded
		404	before the main disk can be accessed.
		405
		406
		407	In Linux 1.3.48, ramdisk handling was changed drastically.
		408	Earlier, the memory was allocated statically, and there was
		409	a `ramdisk=N' parameter to tell its size. (This could also
		410	be set in the kernel image at compile time, or by use of
		411	rdev(8).) These days ram disks use the buffer cache,
		412	and grow dynamically. For a lot of information (e.g., how to
		413	use rdev(8) in conjunction with the new ramdisk
		414	setup), see
		415	''/usr/src/linux/Documentation/ramdisk.txt''.
		416
		417
		418	There are four parameters, two boolean and two
		419	integral.
		420
		421
		422	__`load_ramdisk=N'__
		423
		424
		425	If N=1, do load a ramdisk. If N=0, do not load a ramdisk.
		426	(This is the default.)
		427
		428
		429	__`prompt_ramdisk=N'__
		430
		431
		432	If N=1, do prompt for insertion of the floppy. (This is the
		433	default.) If N=0, do not prompt. (Thus, this parameter is
		434	never needed.)
		435
		436
		437	__`ramdisk_size=N' or (obsolete)
		438	`ramdisk=N'__
		439
		440
		441	Set the maximal size of the ramdisk(s) to N kB. The default
		442	is 4096 (4 MB).
		443
		444
		445	__`ramdisk_start=N'__
		446
		447
		448	Sets the starting block number (the offset on the floppy
		449	where the ramdisk starts) to N. This is needed in case the
		450	ramdisk follows a kernel image.
		451
		452
		453	__`noinitrd'__
		454
		455
		456	(Only if the kernel was compiled with CONFIG_BLK_DEV_RAM and
		457	CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD.) These days it is possible to compile
		458	the kernel to use initrd. When this feature is enabled, the
		459	boot process will load the kernel and an initial ramdisk;
		460	then the kernel converts initrd into a
		461
		462
		463	For a detailed description of the initrd feature, see
		464	''/usr/src/linux/Documentation/initrd.txt''.
		465
		466
		467	The `noinitrd' option tells the kernel that although it was
		468	compiled for operation with initrd, it should not go through
		469	the above steps, but leave the initrd data under
		470	''/dev/initrd''. (This device can be used only once - the
		471	data is freed as soon as the last process that used it has
		472	closed ''/dev/initrd''.)
		473	!!BOOT ARGUMENTS FOR SCSI DEVICES
		474
		475
		476	General notation for this section:
		477
		478
		479	''iobase'' -- the first I/O port that the SCSI host
		480	occupies. These are specified in hexidecimal notation, and
		481	usually lie in the range from 0x200 to 0x3ff.
		482
		483
		484	''irq'' -- the hardware interrupt that the card is
		485	configured to use. Valid values will be dependent on the
		486	card in question, but will usually be 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12,
		487	and 15. The other values are usually used for common
		488	peripherals like IDE hard disks, floppies, serial ports,
		489	etc.
		490
		491
		492	''scsi-id'' -- the ID that the host adapter uses to
		493	identify itself on the SCSI bus. Only some host adapters
		494	allow you to change this value, as most have it permanently
		495	specified internally. The usual default value is 7, but the
		496	Seagate and Future Domain TMC-950 boards use 6.
		497
		498
		499	''parity'' -- whether the SCSI host adapter expects the
		500	attached devices to supply a parity value with all
		501	information exchanges. Specifying a one indicates parity
		502	checking is enabled, and a zero disables parity checking.
		503	Again, not all adapters will support selection of parity
		504	behaviour as a boot argument.
		505
		506
		507	__`max_scsi_luns=...'__
		508
		509
		510	A SCSI device can have a number of `sub-devices' contained
		511	within itself. The most common example is one of the new
		512	SCSI CD-ROMs that handle more than one disk at a time. Each
		513	CD is addressed as a `Logical Unit Number' (LUN) of that
		514	particular device. But most devices, such as hard disks,
		515	tape drives and such are only one device, and will be
		516	assigned to LUN zero.
		517
		518
		519	Some poorly designed SCSI devices cannot handle being probed
		520	for LUNs not equal to zero. Therefore, if the compile time
		521	flag CONFIG_SCSI_MULTI_LUN is not set, newer kernels will by
		522	default only probe LUN zero.
		523
		524
		525	To specify the number of probed LUNs at boot, one enters
		526	`max_scsi_luns=n' as a boot arg, where n is a number between
		527	one and eight. To avoid problems as described above, one
		528	would use n=1 to avoid upsetting such broken
		529	devices.
		530
		531
		532	__SCSI tape configuration__
		533
		534
		535	Some boot time configuration of the SCSI tape driver can be
		536	achieved by using the following:
		537
		538
		539	__st=__''buf_size[[,write_threshold[[,max_bufs]]''
		540
		541
		542	The first two numbers are specified in units of kB. The
		543	default ''buf_size'' is 32kB, and the maximum size that
		544	can be specified is a ridiculous 16384kB. The
		545	''write_threshold'' is the value at which the buffer is
		546	committed to tape, with a default value of 30kB. The maximum
		547	number of buffers varies with the number of drives detected,
		548	and has a default of two. An example usage would
		549	be:
		550
		551
		552	st=32,30,2
		553
		554
		555	Full details can be found in the README.st file that is in
		556	the scsi directory of the kernel source tree.
		557
		558
		559	__Adaptec aha151x, aha152x, aic6260, aic6360, SB16-SCSI
		560	configuration__
		561
		562
		563	The aha numbers refer to cards and the aic numbers refer to
		564	the actual SCSI chip on these type of cards, including the
		565	Soundblaster-16 SCSI.
		566
		567
		568	The probe code for these SCSI hosts looks for an installed
		569	BIOS, and if none is present, the probe will not find your
		570	card. Then you will have to use a boot arg of the
		571	form:
		572
		573
		574	__aha152x=__''iobase[[,irq[[,scsi-id[[,reconnect[[,parity]]]]''
		575
		576
		577	If the driver was compiled with debugging enabled, a sixth
		578	value can be specified to set the debug level.
		579
		580
		581	All the parameters are as described at the top of this
		582	section, and the ''reconnect'' value will allow device
		583	disconnect/reconnect if a non-zero value is used. An example
		584	usage is as follows:
		585
		586
		587	aha152x=0x340,11,7,1
		588
		589
		590	Note that the parameters must be specified in order, meaning
		591	that if you want to specify a parity setting, then you will
		592	have to specify an iobase, irq, scsi-id and reconnect value
		593	as well.
		594
		595
		596	__Adaptec aha154x configuration__
		597
		598
		599	The aha1542 series cards have an i82077 floppy controller
		600	onboard, while the aha1540 series cards do not. These are
		601	busmastering cards, and have parameters to set the
		602	``fairness'' that is used to share the bus with other
		603	devices. The boot arg looks like the following.
		604
		605
		606	__aha1542=__''iobase[[,buson,busoff[[,dmaspeed]]''
		607
		608
		609	Valid iobase values are usually one of: 0x130, 0x134, 0x230,
		610	0x234, 0x330, 0x334. Clone cards may permit other
		611	values.
		612
		613
		614	The ''buson'', ''busoff'' values refer to the number
		615	of microseconds that the card dominates the ISA bus. The
		616	defaults are 11us on, and 4us off, so that other cards (such
		617	as an ISA LANCE Ethernet card) have a chance to get access
		618	to the ISA bus.
		619
		620
		621	The ''dmaspeed'' value refers to the rate (in MB/s) at
		622	which the DMA (Direct Memory Access) transfers proceed. The
		623	default is 5MB/s. Newer revision cards allow you to select
		624	this value as part of the soft-configuration, older cards
		625	use jumpers. You can use values up to 10MB/s assuming that
		626	your motherboard is capable of handling it. Experiment with
		627	caution if using values over 5MB/s.
		628
		629
		630	__Adaptec aha274x, aha284x, aic7xxx
		631	configuration__
		632
		633
		634	These boards can accept an argument of the
		635	form:
		636
		637
		638	__aic7xxx=__''extended,no_reset''
		639
		640
		641	The ''extended'' value, if non-zero, indicates that
		642	extended translation for large disks is enabled. The
		643	''no_reset'' value, if non-zero, tells the driver not to
		644	reset the SCSI bus when setting up the host adaptor at
		645	boot.
		646
		647
		648	__!AdvanSys SCSI Hosts configuration
		649	(`advansys=')__
		650
		651
		652	The !AdvanSys driver can accept up to four i/o addresses that
		653	will be probed for an !AdvanSys SCSI card. Note that these
		654	values (if used) do not effect EISA or PCI probing in any
		655	way. They are only used for probing ISA and VLB cards. In
		656	addition, if the driver has been compiled with debugging
		657	enabled, the level of debugging output can be set by adding
		658	an 0xdeb[[0-f] parameter. The 0-f allows setting the level of
		659	the debugging messages to any of 16 levels of
		660	verbosity.
		661
		662
		663	__AM53C974__
		664
		665
		666	__AM53C974=__''host-scsi-id,target-scsi-id,max-rate,max-offset''
		667
		668
		669	__!BusLogic SCSI Hosts configuration
		670	(`!BusLogic=')__
		671
		672
		673	__!BusLogic=__''N1,N2,N3,N4,N5,S1,S2,...''
		674
		675
		676	For an extensive discussion of the !BusLogic command line
		677	parameters, see
		678	''/usr/src/linux/drivers/scsi/!BusLogic.c'' (lines
		679	3149-3270 in the kernel version I am looking at). The text
		680	below is a very much abbreviated extract.
		681
		682
		683	The parameters N1-N5 are integers. The parameters S1,... are
		684	strings. N1 is the I/O Address at which the Host Adapter is
		685	located. N2 is the Tagged Queue Depth to use for Target
		686	Devices that support Tagged Queuing. N3 is the Bus Settle
		687	Time in seconds. This is the amount of time to wait between
		688	a Host Adapter Hard Reset which initiates a SCSI Bus Reset
		689	and issuing any SCSI Commands. N4 is the Local Options (for
		690	one Host Adapter). N5 is the Global Options (for all Host
		691	Adapters).
		692
		693
		694	The string options are used to provide control over Tagged
		695	Queuing (TQ:Default, TQ:Enable, TQ:Disable,
		696	TQ:
		697
		698
		699	__EATA/DMA configuration__
		700
		701
		702	The default list of i/o ports to be probed can be changed
		703	by
		704
		705
		706	__eata=__''iobase,iobase,...''__.__
		707
		708
		709	__Future Domain TMC-16x0 configuration__
		710
		711
		712	__fdomain=__''iobase,irq[[,adapter_id]''
		713
		714
		715	__Great Valley Products (GVP) SCSI controller
		716	configuration__
		717
		718
		719	__gvp11=__''dma_transfer_bitmask''
		720
		721
		722	__Future Domain TMC-8xx, TMC-950
		723	configuration__
		724
		725
		726	__tmc8xx=__''mem_base,irq''
		727
		728
		729	The ''mem_base'' value is the value of the memory mapped
		730	I/O region that the card uses. This will usually be one of
		731	the following values: 0xc8000, 0xca000, 0xcc000, 0xce000,
		732	0xdc000, 0xde000.
		733
		734
		735	__IN2000 configuration__
		736
		737
		738	__in2000=__''S''
		739
		740
		741	where S is a comma-separated string of items
		742	keyword[[:value]. Recognized keywords (possibly with value)
		743	are: ioport:addr, noreset, nosync:x, period:ns,
		744	disconnect:x, debug:x, proc:x. For the function of these
		745	parameters, see
		746	''/usr/src/linux/drivers/scsi/in2000.c''.
		747
		748
		749	__NCR5380 and NCR53C400 configuration__
		750
		751
		752	The boot arg is of the form
		753
		754
		755	__ncr5380=__''iobase,irq,dma''
		756
		757
		758	or
		759
		760
		761	__ncr53c400=__''iobase,irq''
		762
		763
		764	If the card doesn't use interrupts, then an IRQ value of 255
		765	(0xff) will disable interrupts. An IRQ value of 254 means to
		766	autoprobe. More details can be found in the file
		767	''/usr/src/linux/drivers/scsi/README.g_NCR5380''.
		768
		769
		770	__NCR53C8xx configuration__
		771
		772
		773	__ncr53c8xx=__''S''
		774
		775
		776	where S is a comma-separated string of items keyword:value.
		777	Recognized keywords are: mpar (master_parity), spar
		778	(scsi_parity), disc (disconnection), specf
		779	(special_features), ultra (ultra_scsi), fsn
		780	(force_sync_nego), tags (default_tags), sync (default_sync),
		781	verb (verbose), debug (debug), burst (burst_max). For the
		782	function of the assigned values, see
		783	''/usr/src/linux/drivers/scsi/ncr53c8xx.c''.
		784
		785
		786	__NCR53c406a configuration__
		787
		788
		789	__ncr53c406a=__''iobase[[,irq[[,fastpio]]''
		790
		791
		792	Specify irq = 0 for non-interrupt driven mode. Set fastpio =
		793	1 for fast pio mode, 0 for slow mode.
		794
		795
		796	__Pro Audio Spectrum configuration__
		797
		798
		799	The PAS16 uses a NC5380 SCSI chip, and newer models support
		800	jumperless configuration. The boot arg is of the
		801	form:
		802
		803
		804	__pas16=__''iobase,irq''
		805
		806
		807	The only difference is that you can specify an IRQ value of
		808	255, which will tell the driver to work without using
		809	interrupts, albeit at a performance loss. The iobase is
		810	usually 0x388.
		811
		812
		813	__Seagate ST-0x configuration__
		814
		815
		816	If your card is not detected at boot time, you will then
		817	have to use a boot arg of the form:
		818
		819
		820	__st0x=__''mem_base,irq''
		821
		822
		823	The ''mem_base'' value is the value of the memory mapped
		824	I/O region that the card uses. This will usually be one of
		825	the following values: 0xc8000, 0xca000, 0xcc000, 0xce000,
		826	0xdc000, 0xde000.
		827
		828
		829	__Trantor T128 configuration__
		830
		831
		832	These cards are also based on the NCR5380 chip, and accept
		833	the following options:
		834
		835
		836	__t128=__''mem_base,irq''
		837
		838
		839	The valid values for ''mem_base'' are as follows:
		840	0xcc000, 0xc8000, 0xdc000, 0xd8000.
		841
		842
		843	__!UltraStor 14F/34F configuration__
		844
		845
		846	The default list of i/o ports to be probed can be changed
		847	by
		848
		849
		850	__eata=__''iobase,iobase,...''__.__
		851
		852
		853	__WD7000 configuration__
		854
		855
		856	__wd7000=__''irq,dma,iobase''
		857
		858
		859	__Commodore Amiga A2091/590 SCSI controller
		860	configuration__
		861
		862
		863	__wd33c93=__''S''
		864
		865
		866	where S is a comma-separated string of options. Recognized
		867	options are nosync:bitmask, nodma:x, period:ns,
		868	disconnect:x, debug:x, clock:x, next. For details, see
		869	''/usr/src/linux/drivers/scsi/wd33c93.c''.
		870	!!HARD DISKS
		871
		872
		873	__IDE Disk/CD-ROM Driver Parameters__
		874
		875
		876	The IDE driver accepts a number of parameters, which range
		877	from disk geometry specifications, to support for broken
		878	controller chips. Drive specific options are specified by
		879	using `hdX=' with X in `a'-`h'.
		880
		881
		882	Non-drive specific options are specified with the prefix
		883	`hd='. Note that using a drive specific prefix for a
		884	non-drive specific option will still work, and the option
		885	will just be applied as expected.
		886
		887
		888	Also note that `hd=' can be used to refer to the next
		889	unspecified drive in the (a, ..., h) sequence. For the
		890	following discussions, the `hd=' option will be cited for
		891	brevity. See the file README.ide in linux/drivers/block for
		892	more details.
		893
		894
		895	__The `hd=cyls,heads,sects[[,wpcom[[,irq]]'
		896	options__
		897
		898
		899	These options are used to specify the physical geometry of
		900	the disk. Only the first three values are required. The
		901	cylinder/head/sectors values will be those used by fdisk.
		902	The write precompensation value is ignored for IDE disks.
		903	The IRQ value specified will be the IRQ used for the
		904	interface that the drive resides on, and is not really a
		905	drive specific parameter.
		906
		907
		908	__The `hd=serialize' option__
		909
		910
		911	The dual IDE interface CMD-640 chip is broken as designed
		912	such that when drives on the secondary interface are used at
		913	the same time as drives on the primary interface, it will
		914	corrupt your data. Using this option tells the driver to
		915	make sure that both interfaces are never used at the same
		916	time.
		917
		918
		919	__The `hd=dtc2278' option__
		920
		921
		922	This option tells the driver that you have a DTC-2278D IDE
		923	interface. The driver then tries to do DTC specific
		924	operations to enable the second interface and to enable
		925	faster transfer modes.
		926
		927
		928	__The `hd=noprobe' option__
		929
		930
		931	Do not probe for this drive. For example,
		932
		933
		934	hdb=noprobe hdb=1166,7,17
		935
		936
		937	would disable the probe, but still specify the drive
		938	geometry so that it would be registered as a valid block
		939	device, and hence useable.
		940
		941
		942	__The `hd=nowerr' option__
		943
		944
		945	Some drives apparently have the WRERR_STAT bit stuck on
		946	permanently. This enables a work-around for these broken
		947	devices.
		948
		949
		950	__The `hd=cdrom' option__
		951
		952
		953	This tells the IDE driver that there is an ATAPI compatible
		954	CD-ROM attached in place of a normal IDE hard disk. In most
		955	cases the CD-ROM is identified automatically, but if it
		956	isn't then this may help.
		957
		958
		959	__Standard ST-506 Disk Driver Options
		960	(`hd=')__
		961
		962
		963	The standard disk driver can accept geometry arguments for
		964	the disks similar to the IDE driver. Note however that it
		965	only expects three values (C/H/S) -- any more or any less
		966	and it will silently ignore you. Also, it only accepts `hd='
		967	as an argument, i.e. `hda=' and so on are not valid here.
		968	The format is as follows:
		969
		970
		971	hd=cyls,heads,sects
		972
		973
		974	If there are two disks installed, the above is repeated with
		975	the geometry parameters of the second disk.
		976
		977
		978	__XT Disk Driver Options (`xd=')__
		979
		980
		981	If you are unfortunate enough to be using one of these old 8
		982	bit cards that move data at a whopping 125kB/s then here is
		983	the scoop. If the card is not recognised, you will have to
		984	use a boot arg of the form:
		985
		986
		987	xd=type,irq,iobase,dma_chan
		988
		989
		990	The type value specifies the particular manufacturer of the
		991	card, and are as follows: 0=generic; 1=DTC; 2,3,4=Western
		992	Digital, 5,6,7=Seagate; 8=OMTI. The only difference between
		993	multiple types from the same manufacturer is the BIOS string
		994	used for detection, which is not used if the type is
		995	specified.
		996
		997
		998	The xd_setup() function does no checking on the values, and
		999	assumes that you entered all four values. Don't disappoint
		1000	it. Here is an example usage for a WD1002 controller with
		1001	the BIOS disabled/removed, using the `default' XT controller
		1002	parameters:
		1003
		1004
		1005	xd=2,5,0x320,3
		1006
		1007
		1008	__Syquest's EZ* removable disks__
		1009
		1010
		1011	__ez=__''iobase[[,irq[[,rep[[,nybble]]]''
		1012	!!IBM MCA BUS DEVICES
		1013
		1014
		1015	See also
		1016	''/usr/src/linux/Documentation/mca.txt''.
		1017
		1018
		1019	__PS/2 ESDI hard disks__
		1020
		1021
		1022	It is possible to specify the desired geometry at boot
		1023	time:
		1024
		1025
		1026	__ed=__''cyls,heads,sectors.''
		1027
		1028
		1029	For a !ThinkPad-720, add the option
		1030
		1031
		1032	__tp720=1__.
		1033
		1034
		1035	__IBM Microchannel SCSI Subsystem
		1036	configuration__
		1037
		1038
		1039	__ibmmcascsi=__''N''
		1040
		1041
		1042	where N is the ''pun'' (SCSI ID) of the
		1043	subsystem.
		1044	!!CD-ROMs (Non-SCSI/ATAPI/IDE)
		1045
		1046
		1047	__The Aztech Interface__
		1048
		1049
		1050	The syntax for this type of card is:
		1051
		1052
		1053	aztcd=iobase[[,magic_number]
		1054
		1055
		1056	If you set the magic_number to 0x79 then the driver will try
		1057	and run anyway in the event of an unknown firmware version.
		1058	All other values are ignored.
		1059
		1060
		1061	__Parallel port CD-ROM drives__
		1062
		1063
		1064	Syntax:
		1065
		1066
		1067	pcd.driveN=prt,pro,uni,mod,slv,dly
		1068	pcd.nice=nice
		1069
		1070
		1071	where `port' is the base address, `pro' is the protocol
		1072	number, `uni' is the unit selector (for chained devices),
		1073	`mod' is the mode (or -1 to choose the best automatically),
		1074	`slv' is 1 if it should be a slave, and `dly' is a small
		1075	integer for slowing down port accesses. The `nice' parameter
		1076	controls the driver's use of idle CPU time, at the expense
		1077	of some speed.
		1078
		1079
		1080	__The CDU-31A and CDU-33A Sony Interface__
		1081
		1082
		1083	This CD-ROM interface is found on some of the Pro Audio
		1084	Spectrum sound cards, and other Sony supplied interface
		1085	cards. The syntax is as follows:
		1086
		1087
		1088	cdu31a=iobase,[[irq[[,is_pas_card]]
		1089
		1090
		1091	Specifying an IRQ value of zero tells the driver that
		1092	hardware interrupts aren't supported (as on some PAS cards).
		1093	If your card supports interrupts, you should use them as it
		1094	cuts down on the CPU usage of the driver.
		1095
		1096
		1097	The ''is_pas_card'' should be entered as `PAS' if using a
		1098	Pro Audio Spectrum card, and otherwise it should not be
		1099	specified at all.
		1100
		1101
		1102	__The CDU-535 Sony Interface__
		1103
		1104
		1105	The syntax for this CD-ROM interface is:
		1106
		1107
		1108	sonycd535=iobase[[,irq]
		1109
		1110
		1111	A zero can be used for the I/O base as a `placeholder' if
		1112	one wishes to specify an IRQ value.
		1113
		1114
		1115	__The !GoldStar Interface__
		1116
		1117
		1118	The syntax for this CD-ROM interface is:
		1119
		1120
		1121	gscd=iobase
		1122
		1123
		1124	__The ISP16 CD-ROM Interface__
		1125
		1126
		1127	Syntax:
		1128
		1129
		1130	isp16=[[iobase[[,irq[[,dma[[,type]]]]
		1131
		1132
		1133	(three integers and a string). If the type is given as
		1134	`noisp16', the interface will not be configured. Other
		1135	recognized types are: `Sanyo
		1136
		1137
		1138	__The Mitsumi Standard Interface__
		1139
		1140
		1141	The syntax for this CD-ROM interface is:
		1142
		1143
		1144	mcd=iobase,[[irq[[,wait_value]]
		1145
		1146
		1147	The ''wait_value'' is used as an internal timeout value
		1148	for people who are having problems with their drive, and may
		1149	or may not be implemented depending on a compile time
		1150	#define. The Mitsumi FX400 is an IDE/ATAPI CD-ROM player and
		1151	does not use the mcd driver.
		1152
		1153
		1154	__The Mitsumi XA/!MultiSession Interface__
		1155
		1156
		1157	This is for the same hardware as above, but the driver has
		1158	extended features. Syntax:
		1159
		1160
		1161	mcdx=iobase[[,irq]
		1162
		1163
		1164	__The Optics Storage Interface__
		1165
		1166
		1167	The syntax for this type of card is:
		1168
		1169
		1170	optcd=iobase
		1171
		1172
		1173	__The Phillips CM206 Interface__
		1174
		1175
		1176	The syntax for this type of card is:
		1177
		1178
		1179	cm206=[[iobase][[,irq]
		1180
		1181
		1182	The driver assumes numbers between 3 and 11 are IRQ values,
		1183	and numbers between 0x300 and 0x370 are I/O ports, so you
		1184	can specify one, or both numbers, in any order. It also
		1185	accepts `cm206=auto' to enable autoprobing.
		1186
		1187
		1188	__The Sanyo Interface__
		1189
		1190
		1191	The syntax for this type of card is:
		1192
		1193
		1194	sjcd=iobase[[,irq[[,dma_channel]]
		1195
		1196
		1197	__The !SoundBlaster Pro Interface__
		1198
		1199
		1200	The syntax for this type of card is:
		1201
		1202
		1203	sbpcd=iobase,type
		1204
		1205
		1206	where type is one of the following (case sensitive) strings:
		1207	`!SoundBlaster', `!LaserMate', or `SPEA'. The I/O base is that
		1208	of the CD-ROM interface, and not that of the sound portion
		1209	of the card.
		1210	!!ETHERNET DEVICES
		1211
		1212
		1213	Different drivers make use of different parameters, but they
		1214	all at least share having an IRQ, an I/O port base value,
		1215	and a name. In its most generic form, it looks something
		1216	like this:
		1217
		1218
		1219	ether=irq,iobase[[,param_1[[,...param_8]],name
		1220
		1221
		1222	The first non-numeric argument is taken as the name. The
		1223	param_n values (if applicable) usually have different
		1224	meanings for each different card/driver. Typical param_n
		1225	values are used to specify things like shared memory
		1226	address, interface selection, DMA channel and the
		1227	like.
		1228
		1229
		1230	The most common use of this parameter is to force probing
		1231	for a second ethercard, as the default is to only probe for
		1232	one. This can be accomplished with a simple:
		1233
		1234
		1235	ether=0,0,eth1
		1236
		1237
		1238	Note that the values of zero for the IRQ and I/O base in the
		1239	above example tell the driver(s) to autoprobe.
		1240
		1241
		1242	The Ethernet-!HowTo has extensive documentation on using
		1243	multiple cards and on the card/driver specific
		1244	implementation of the param_n values where used. Interested
		1245	readers should refer to the section in that document on
		1246	their particular card.
		1247	!!THE FLOPPY DISK DRIVER
		1248
		1249
		1250	There are many floppy driver options, and they are all
		1251	listed in README.fd in linux/drivers/block. This information
		1252	is taken directly from that file.
		1253
		1254
		1255	__floppy=mask,allowed_drive_mask__
		1256
		1257
		1258	Sets the bitmask of allowed drives to mask. By default, only
		1259	units 0 and 1 of each floppy controller are allowed. This is
		1260	done because certain non-standard hardware (ASUS PCI
		1261	motherboards) mess up the keyboard when accessing units 2 or
		1262	3. This option is somewhat obsoleted by the cmos
		1263	option.
		1264
		1265
		1266	__floppy=all_drives__
		1267
		1268
		1269	Sets the bitmask of allowed drives to all drives. Use this
		1270	if you have more than two drives connected to a floppy
		1271	controller.
		1272
		1273
		1274	__floppy=asus_pci__
		1275
		1276
		1277	Sets the bitmask to allow only units 0 and 1. (The
		1278	default)
		1279
		1280
		1281	__floppy=daring__
		1282
		1283
		1284	Tells the floppy driver that you have a well behaved floppy
		1285	controller. This allows more efficient and smoother
		1286	operation, but may fail on certain controllers. This may
		1287	speed up certain operations.
		1288
		1289
		1290	__floppy=0,daring__
		1291
		1292
		1293	Tells the floppy driver that your floppy controller should
		1294	be used with caution.
		1295
		1296
		1297	__floppy=one_fdc__
		1298
		1299
		1300	Tells the floppy driver that you have only floppy controller
		1301	(default)
		1302
		1303
		1304	__floppy=two_fdc or floppy=address,two_fdc__
		1305
		1306
		1307	Tells the floppy driver that you have two floppy
		1308	controllers. The second floppy controller is assumed to be
		1309	at address. If address is not given, 0x370 is
		1310	assumed.
		1311
		1312
		1313	__floppy=thinkpad__
		1314
		1315
		1316	Tells the floppy driver that you have a Thinkpad. Thinkpads
		1317	use an inverted convention for the disk change
		1318	line.
		1319
		1320
		1321	__floppy=0,thinkpad__
		1322
		1323
		1324	Tells the floppy driver that you don't have a
		1325	Thinkpad.
		1326
		1327
		1328	__floppy=drive,type,cmos__
		1329
		1330
		1331	Sets the cmos type of drive to type. Additionally, this
		1332	drive is allowed in the bitmask. This is useful if you have
		1333	more than two floppy drives (only two can be described in
		1334	the physical cmos), or if your BIOS uses non-standard CMOS
		1335	types. Setting the CMOS to 0 for the first two drives
		1336	(default) makes the floppy driver read the physical cmos for
		1337	those drives.
		1338
		1339
		1340	__floppy=unexpected_interrupts__
		1341
		1342
		1343	Print a warning message when an unexpected interrupt is
		1344	received (default behaviour)
		1345
		1346
		1347	__floppy=no_unexpected_interrupts or
		1348	floppy=L40SX__
		1349
		1350
		1351	Don't print a message when an unexpected interrupt is
		1352	received. This is needed on IBM L40SX laptops in certain
		1353	video modes. (There seems to be an interaction between video
		1354	and floppy. The unexpected interrupts only affect
		1355	performance, and can safely be ignored.)
		1356	!!THE SOUND DRIVER
		1357
		1358
		1359	The sound driver can also accept boot args to override the
		1360	compiled in values. This is not recommended, as it is rather
		1361	complex. It is described in the Readme.Linux file, in
		1362	linux/drivers/sound. It accepts a boot arg of the
		1363	form:
		1364
		1365
		1366	sound=device1[[,device2[[,device3...[[,device10]]]
		1367
		1368
		1369	where each deviceN value is of the following format 0xTaaaId
		1370	and the bytes are used as follows:
		1371
		1372
		1373	T - device type: 1=FM, 2=SB, 3=PAS, 4=GUS, 5=MPU401, 6=SB16,
		1374	7=SB16-MPU401
		1375
		1376
		1377	aaa - I/O address in hex.
		1378
		1379
		1380	I - interrupt line in hex (i.e 10=a, 11=b, ...)
		1381
		1382
		1383	d - DMA channel.
		1384
		1385
		1386	As you can see it gets pretty messy, and you are better off
		1387	to compile in your own personal values as recommended. Using
		1388	a boot arg of `sound=0' will disable the sound driver
		1389	entirely.
		1390	!!ISDN DRIVERS
		1391
		1392
		1393	__The ICN ISDN driver__
		1394
		1395
		1396	Syntax:
		1397
		1398
		1399	icn=iobase,membase,icn_id1,icn_id2
		1400
		1401
		1402	where icn_id1,icn_id2 are two strings used to identify the
		1403	card in kernel messages.
		1404
		1405
		1406	__The PCBIT ISDN driver__
		1407
		1408
		1409	Syntax:
		1410
		1411
		1412	pcbit=membase1,irq1[[,membase2,irq2]
		1413
		1414
		1415	where membaseN is the shared memory base of the N'th card,
		1416	and irqN is the interrupt setting of the N'th card. The
		1417	default is IRQ 5 and membase 0xD0000.
		1418
		1419
		1420	__The Teles ISDN driver__
		1421
		1422
		1423	Syntax:
		1424
		1425
		1426	teles=iobase,irq,membase,protocol,teles_id
		1427
		1428
		1429	where iobase is the i/o port address of the card, membase is
		1430	the shared memory base address of the card, irq is the
		1431	interrupt channel the card uses, and teles_id is the unique
		1432	ASCII string identifier.
		1433	!!SERIAL PORT DRIVERS
		1434
		1435
		1436	__The RISCom/8 Multiport Serial Driver
		1437	(`riscom8=')__
		1438
		1439
		1440	Syntax:
		1441
		1442
		1443	riscom=iobase1[[,iobase2[[,iobase3[[,iobase4]]]
		1444
		1445
		1446	More details can be found in
		1447	''/usr/src/linux/Documentation/riscom8.txt''.
		1448
		1449
		1450	__The !DigiBoard Driver (`digi=')__
		1451
		1452
		1453	If this option is used, it should have precisely six
		1454	parameters. Syntax:
		1455
		1456
		1457	digi=status,type,altpin,numports,iobase,membase
		1458
		1459
		1460	The parameters maybe given as integers, or as strings. If
		1461	strings are used, then iobase and membase should be given in
		1462	hexadecimal. The integer arguments (fewer may be given) are
		1463	in order: status (Enable(1) or Disable(0) this card), type
		1464	(PC/Xi(0), PC/Xe(1), PC/Xeve(2), PC/Xem(3)), altpin
		1465	(Enable(1) or Disable(0) alternate pin arrangement),
		1466	numports (number of ports on this card), iobase (I/O Port
		1467	where card is configured (in HEX)), membase (base of memory
		1468	window (in HEX)). Thus, the following two boot prompt
		1469	arguments are equivalent:
		1470
		1471
		1472	digi=E,PC/Xi,D,16,200,D0000
		1473	digi=1,0,0,16,0x200,851968
		1474
		1475
		1476	More details can be found in
		1477	''/usr/src/linux/Documentation/digiboard.txt''.
		1478
		1479
		1480	__The Baycom Serial/Parallel Radio Modem__
		1481
		1482
		1483	Syntax:
		1484
		1485
		1486	baycom=iobase,irq,modem
		1487
		1488
		1489	There are precisely 3 parameters; for several cards, give
		1490	several `baycom=' commands. The modem parameter is a string
		1491	that can take one of the values ser12, ser12*, par96,
		1492	par96*. Here the * denotes that software DCD is to be used,
		1493	and ser12/par96 chooses between the supported modem types.
		1494	For more details, see
		1495	''/usr/src/linux/drivers/net/README.baycom''.
		1496
		1497
		1498	__Soundcard radio modem driver__
		1499
		1500
		1501	Syntax:
		1502
		1503
		1504	soundmodem=iobase,irq,dma[[,dma2[[,serio[[,pario]]],0,mode
		1505
		1506
		1507	All parameters except the last are integers; the dummy 0 is
		1508	required because of a bug in the setup code. The mode
		1509	parameter is a string with syntax hw:modem, where hw is one
		1510	of sbc, wss, wssfdx and modem is one of afsk1200,
		1511	fsk9600.
		1512	!!THE LINE PRINTER DRIVER
		1513
		1514
		1515	__`lp='__
		1516
		1517
		1518	Syntax:
		1519
		1520
		1521	lp=0
		1522	lp=auto
		1523	lp=reset
		1524	lp=port[[,port...]
		1525
		1526
		1527	You can tell the printer driver what ports to use and what
		1528	ports not to use. The latter comes in handy if you don't
		1529	want the printer driver to claim all available parallel
		1530	ports, so that other drivers (e.g. PLIP, PPA) can use them
		1531	instead.
		1532
		1533
		1534	The format of the argument is multiple port names. For
		1535	example, lp=none,parport0 would use the first parallel port
		1536	for lp1, and disable lp0. To disable the printer driver
		1537	entirely, one can use lp=0.
		1538
		1539
		1540	__WDT500/501 driver__
		1541
		1542
		1543	Syntax:
		1544
		1545
		1546	wdt=io,irq
		1547	!!MOUSE DRIVERS
		1548
		1549
		1550	__`bmouse=irq'__
		1551
		1552
		1553	The busmouse driver only accepts one parameter, that being
		1554	the hardware IRQ value to be used.
		1555
		1556
		1557	__`msmouse=irq'__
		1558
		1559
		1560	And precisely the same is true for the msmouse
		1561	driver.
		1562
		1563
		1564	__ATARI mouse setup__
		1565
		1566
		1567	atamouse=threshold[[,y-threshold]
		1568
		1569
		1570	If only one argument is given, it is used for both
		1571	x-threshold and y-threshold. Otherwise, the first argument
		1572	is the x-threshold, and the second the y-threshold. These
		1573	values must lie between 1 and 20 (inclusive); the default is
		1574	2.
		1575	!!VIDEO HARDWARE
		1576
		1577
		1578	__`no-scroll'__
		1579
		1580
		1581	This option tells the console driver not to use hardware
		1582	scroll (where a scroll is effected by moving the screen
		1583	origin in video memory, instead of moving the data). It is
		1584	required by certain Braille machines.
		1585	!!AUTHORS
		1586
		1587
		1588	Linus Torvalds (and many others)
		1589	!!SEE ALSO
		1590
		1591
		1592	klogd(8), lilo.conf(5), lilo(8),
		1593	mount(8), rdev(8)
		1594
		1595
		1596	Large parts of this man page have been derived from the Boot
		1597	Parameter HOWTO (version 1.0.1) written by Paul Gortmaker.
		1598	More information may be found in this (or a more recent)
		1599	HOWTO. An uptodate source of information is
		1600	''/usr/src/linux/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt''.
		1601	----