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1 perry 1 AS
2 !!!AS
3 NAME
4 SYNOPSIS
5 DESCRIPTION
6 OPTIONS
7 SEE ALSO
8 COPYRIGHT
9 ----
10 !!NAME
11
12
13 AS - the portable GNU assembler.
14 !!SYNOPSIS
15
16
17 as [[__-a__[[__cdhlns__][[=''file'']] [[__-D__]
18 [[__--defsym__ ''sym''=''val''] [[__-f__]
19 [[__--gstabs__] [[__--gdwarf2__] [[__--help__]
20 [[__-I__ ''dir''] [[__-J__] [[__-K__] [[__-L__]
21 [[__--listing-lhs-width__= ''NUM'' ]
22 [[__--listing-lhs-width2__= ''NUM'' ]
23 [[__--listing-rhs-width__= ''NUM'' ]
24 [[__--listing-cont-lines__= ''NUM'' ]
25 [[__--keep-locals__] [[__-o__ ''objfile'']
26 [[__-R__] [[__--statistics__] [[__-v__]
27 [[__-version__] [[__--version__] [[__-W__]
28 [[__--warn__] [[__--fatal-warnings__] [[__-w__]
29 [[__-x__] [[__-Z__] [[__--target-help__]
30 [[''target-options''] [[__--__''files''
31 ...]
32
33
34 ''Target Alpha options:'' [[__-m__''cpu'']
35 [[__-mdebug -no-mdebug__] [[__-relax__] [[__-g__]
36 [[__-G__''size''] [[__-F__]
37 [[__-32addr__]
38
39
40 ''Target'' ''ARC options:''
41 [[__-marc[[5678]__] [[__-EB-EL__]
42
43
44 ''Target'' ''ARM options:''
45 [[__-mcpu__=''processor''[[+''extension''...]]
46 [[__-march__=''architecture''[[+''extension''...]]
47 [[__-mfpu__=''floating-point-fromat''] [[__-mthumb__]
48 [[__-EB-EL__] [[__-mapcs-32-mapcs-26-mapcs-float
49 -mapcs-reentrant__] [[__-mthumb-interwork__]
50 [[__-moabi__] [[__-k__]
51
52
53 ''Target'' ''CRIS options:''
54 [[__--underscore --no-underscore__] [[__--pic__]
55 [[__-N__] [[__--emulation=criself
56 --emulation=crisaout__]
57
58
59 ''Target D10V options:''
60 [[__-O__]
61
62
63 ''Target D30V options:''
64 [[__-O-n-N__]
65
66
67 ''Target i386 options:''
68 [[__--32--64__]
69
70
71 ''Target i960 options:''
72 [[__-ACA-ACA_A-ACB-ACC-AKA-AKB -AKC-AMC__] [[__-b__]
73 [[__-no-relax__]
74
75
76 ''Target M32R options:''
77 [[__--m32rx--[[no-]warn-explicit-parallel-conflicts
78 --W[[n]p__]
79
80
81 ''Target M680X0 options:'' [[__-l__]
82 [[__-m68000-m68010-m68020__...]
83
84
85 ''Target M68HC11 options:''
86 [[__-m68hc11-m68hc12__] [[__--force-long-branchs__]
87 [[__--short-branchs__] [[__--strict-direct-mode__]
88 [[__--print-insn-syntax__] [[__--print-opcodes__]
89 [[__--generate-example__]
90
91
92 ''Target'' ''MCORE options:''
93 [[__-jsri2bsr__] [[__-sifilter__] [[__-relax__]
94 [[__-mcpu=[[210340]__]
95
96
97 ''Target'' ''MIPS options:''
98 [[__-nocpp__] [[__-EL__] [[__-EB__] [[__-G__
99 ''num''] [[__-mcpu__= ''CPU'' ]
100 [[__-mips1__] [[__-mips2__] [[__-mips3__]
101 [[__-mips4__] [[__-mips5__] [[__-mips32__]
102 [[__-mips64__] [[__-m4650__] [[__-no-m4650__]
103 [[__--trap__] [[__--break__] [[__-n__]
104 [[__--emulation__=''name'' ]
105
106
107 ''Target'' ''MMIX options:''
108 [[__--fixed-special-register-names__]
109 [[__--globalize-symbols__] [[__--gnu-syntax__]
110 [[__--relax__] [[__--no-predefined-symbols__]
111 [[__--no-expand__] [[__--no-merge-gregs__] [[__-x__]
112 [[__--linker-allocated-gregs__]
113
114
115 ''Target'' ''PDP11 options:''
116 [[__-mpic-mno-pic__] [[__-mall__]
117 [[__-mno-extensions__]
118 [[__-m__''extension''__-mno-__''extension'']
119 [[__-m__''cpu'']
120 [[__-m__''machine'']
121
122
123 ''Target picoJava options:''
124 [[__-mb-me__]
125
126
127 ''Target PowerPC options:''
128 [[__-mpwrx-mpwr2-mpwr-m601-mppc-mppc32-m603-m604
129 -m403-m405-mppc64-m620-mppc64bridge-mbooke
130 -mbooke32-mbooke64__] [[__-mcom-many-maltivec__]
131 [[__-memb__] [[__-mregnames-mno-regnames__]
132 [[__-mrelocatable-mrelocatable-lib__]
133 [[__-mlittle-mlittle-endian-mbig-mbig-endian__]
134 [[__-msolaris-mno-solaris__]
135
136
137 ''Target'' ''SPARC options:''
138 [[__-Av6-Av7-Av8-Asparclet-Asparclite
139 -Av8plus-Av8plusa-Av9-Av9a__]
140 [[__-xarch=v8plus-xarch=v8plusa__] [[__-bump__]
141 [[__-32-64__]
142 !!DESCRIPTION
143
144
145 GNU __as__ is really a family of
146 assemblers. If you use (or have used) the GNU
147 assembler on one architecture, you should find a fairly
148 similar environment when you use it on another architecture.
149 Each version has much in common with the others, including
150 object file formats, most assembler directives (often called
151 ''pseudo-ops'') and assembler syntax.
152
153
154 __as__ is primarily intended to assemble the output
155 of the GNU C compiler for use by the linker .
156 Nevertheless, we've tried to make __as__ assemble
157 correctly everything that other assemblers for the same
158 machine would assemble. Any exceptions are documented
159 explicitly. This doesn't mean __as__ always uses the same
160 syntax as another assembler for the same architecture; for
161 example, we know of several incompatible versions of 680x0
162 assembly language syntax.
163
164
165 Each time you run __as__ it assembles exactly one
166 source program. The source program is made up of one or more
167 files. (The standard input is also a
168 file.)
169
170
171 You give __as__ a command line that has zero or more
172 input file names. The input files are read (from left file
173 name to right). A command line argument (in any position)
174 that has no special meaning is taken to be an input file
175 name.
176
177
178 If you give __as__ no file names it attempts to read
179 one input file from the __as__ standard input, which is
180 normally your terminal. You may have to type __ctl-D__ to
181 tell __as__ there is no more program to
182 assemble.
183
184
185 Use __--__ if you need to explicitly name the
186 standard input file in your command line.
187
188
189 If the source is empty, __as__ produces a small,
190 empty object file.
191
192
193 __as__ may write warnings and error messages to the
194 standard error file (usually your terminal). This should not
195 happen when a compiler runs __as__ automatically.
196 Warnings report an assumption made so that __as__ could
197 keep assembling a flawed program; errors report a grave
198 problem that stops the assembly.
199
200
201 If you are invoking __as__ via the GNU C
202 compiler (version 2), you can use the __-Wa__ option to
203 pass arguments through to the assembler. The assembler
204 arguments must be separated from each other (and the
205 __-Wa__) by commas. For example:
206
207
208 gcc -c -g -O -Wa,-alh,-L file.c
209 This passes two options to the assembler: __-alh__ (emit a listing to standard output with with high-level and assembly source) and __-L__ (retain local symbols in the symbol table).
210
211
212 Usually you do not need to use this __-Wa__
213 mechanism, since many compiler command-line options are
214 automatically passed to the assembler by the compiler. (You
215 can call the GNU compiler driver with the
216 __-v__ option to see precisely what options it passes to
217 each compilation pass, including the
218 assembler.)
219 !!OPTIONS
220
221
222 __-a[[cdhlmns]__
223
224
225 Turn on listings, in any of a variety of
226 ways:
227
228
229 __-ac__
230
231
232 omit false conditionals
233
234
235 __-ad__
236
237
238 omit debugging directives
239
240
241 __-ah__
242
243
244 include high-level source
245
246
247 __-al__
248
249
250 include assembly
251
252
253 __-am__
254
255
256 include macro expansions
257
258
259 __-an__
260
261
262 omit forms processing
263
264
265 __-as__
266
267
268 include symbols
269
270
271 __=file__
272
273
274 set the name of the listing file
275
276
277 You may combine these options; for example, use
278 __-aln__ for assembly listing without forms processing.
279 The __=file__ option, if used, must be the last one. By
280 itself, __-a__ defaults to
281 __-ahls__.
282
283
284 __-D__
285
286
287 Ignored. This option is accepted for script
288 compatibility with calls to other
289 assemblers.
290
291
292 __--defsym__
293 ''sym''__=__''value''
294
295
296 Define the symbol ''sym'' to be ''value'' before
297 assembling the input file. ''value'' must be an integer
298 constant. As in C, a leading __0x__ indicates a
299 hexadecimal value, and a leading __0__ indicates an octal
300 value.
301
302
303 __-f__
304
305
306 ``fast''---skip whitespace and comment preprocessing
307 (assume source is compiler output).
308
309
310 __--gstabs__
311
312
313 Generate stabs debugging information for each assembler
314 line. This may help debugging assembler code, if the
315 debugger can handle it.
316
317
318 __--gdwarf2__
319
320
321 Generate DWARF2 debugging information for
322 each assembler line. This may help debugging assembler code,
323 if the debugger can handle it. Note - this option is only
324 supported by some targets, not all of
325 them.
326
327
328 __--help__
329
330
331 Print a summary of the command line options and
332 exit.
333
334
335 __--target-help__
336
337
338 Print a summary of all target specific options and
339 exit.
340
341
342 __-I__ ''dir''
343
344
345 Add directory ''dir'' to the search list for
346 .include directives.
347
348
349 __-J__
350
351
352 Don't warn about signed overflow.
353
354
355 __-K__
356
357
358 This option is accepted but has no effect on the
359 TARGET family.
360
361
362 __-L__
363
364
365 __--keep-locals__
366
367
368 Keep (in the symbol table) local symbols. On
369 traditional a.out systems these start with __L__, but
370 different systems have different local label
371 prefixes.
372
373
374 __--listing-lhs-width=__''number''
375
376
377 Set the maximum width, in words, of the output data
378 column for an assembler listing to
379 ''number''.
380
381
382 __--listing-lhs-width2=__''number''
383
384
385 Set the maximum width, in words, of the output data
386 column for continuation lines in an assembler listing to
387 ''number''.
388
389
390 __--listing-rhs-width=__''number''
391
392
393 Set the maximum width of an input source line, as
394 displayed in a listing, to ''number''
395 bytes.
396
397
398 __--listing-cont-lines=__''number''
399
400
401 Set the maximum number of lines printed in a listing
402 for a single line of input to ''number'' +
403 1.
404
405
406 __-o__ ''objfile''
407
408
409 Name the object-file output from __as__
410 ''objfile''.
411
412
413 __-R__
414
415
416 Fold the data section into the text
417 section.
418
419
420 __--statistics__
421
422
423 Print the maximum space (in bytes) and total time (in
424 seconds) used by assembly.
425
426
427 __--strip-local-absolute__
428
429
430 Remove local absolute symbols from the outgoing symbol
431 table.
432
433
434 __-v__
435
436
437 __-version__
438
439
440 Print the __as__ version.
441
442
443 __--version__
444
445
446 Print the __as__ version and
447 exit.
448
449
450 __-W__
451
452
453 __--no-warn__
454
455
456 Suppress warning messages.
457
458
459 __--fatal-warnings__
460
461
462 Treat warnings as errors.
463
464
465 __--warn__
466
467
468 Don't suppress warning messages or treat them as
469 errors.
470
471
472 __-w__
473
474
475 Ignored.
476
477
478 __-x__
479
480
481 Ignored.
482
483
484 __-Z__
485
486
487 Generate an object file even after
488 errors.
489
490
491 __--__ ''files'' __...__
492
493
494 Standard input, or source files to
495 assemble.
496
497
498 The following options are available when as is
499 configured for an ARC
500 processor.
501
502
503 __-marc[[5678]__
504
505
506 This option selects the core processor
507 variant.
508
509
510 __-EB -EL__
511
512
513 Select either big-endian (-EB) or little-endian (-EL)
514 output.
515
516
517 The following options are available when as is
518 configured for the ARM processor
519 family.
520
521
522 __-mcpu=__''processor''__[[+__''extension''__...]__
523
524
525 Specify which ARM processor variant is the
526 target.
527
528
529 __-march=__''architecture''__[[+__''extension''__...]__
530
531
532 Specify which ARM architecture variant is
533 used by the target.
534
535
536 __-mfpu=__''floating-point-format''
537
538
539 Select which Floating Point architecture is the
540 target.
541
542
543 __-mthumb__
544
545
546 Enable Thumb only instruction
547 decoding.
548
549
550 __-mapcs-32 -mapcs-26 -mapcs-float -mapcs-reentrant
551 -moabi__
552
553
554 Select which procedure calling convention is in
555 use.
556
557
558 __-EB -EL__
559
560
561 Select either big-endian (-EB) or little-endian (-EL)
562 output.
563
564
565 __-mthumb-interwork__
566
567
568 Specify that the code has been generated with
569 interworking between Thumb and ARM code in
570 mind.
571
572
573 __-k__
574
575
576 Specify that PIC code has been
577 generated.
578
579
580 See the info pages for documentation of the
581 CRIS-specific options.
582
583
584 The following options are available when as is
585 configured for a D10V processor.
586
587
588 __-O__
589
590
591 Optimize output by parallelizing
592 instructions.
593
594
595 The following options are available when as is
596 configured for a D30V processor.
597
598
599 __-O__
600
601
602 Optimize output by parallelizing
603 instructions.
604
605
606 __-n__
607
608
609 Warn when nops are generated.
610
611
612 __-N__
613
614
615 Warn when a nop after a 32-bit multiply instruction is
616 generated.
617
618
619 The following options are available when as is
620 configured for the Intel 80960 processor.
621
622
623 __-ACA -ACA_A -ACB -ACC -AKA -AKB -AKC
624 -AMC__
625
626
627 Specify which variant of the 960 architecture is the
628 target.
629
630
631 __-b__
632
633
634 Add code to collect statistics about branches
635 taken.
636
637
638 __-no-relax__
639
640
641 Do not alter compare-and-branch instructions for long
642 displacements; error if necessary.
643
644
645 The following options are available when as is
646 configured for the Mitsubishi M32R
647 series.
648
649
650 __--m32rx__
651
652
653 Specify which processor in the M32R family is the
654 target. The default is normally the M32R, but this option
655 changes it to the M32RX.
656
657
658 __--warn-explicit-parallel-conflicts or
659 --Wp__
660
661
662 Produce warning messages when questionable parallel
663 constructs are encountered.
664
665
666 __--no-warn-explicit-parallel-conflicts or
667 --Wnp__
668
669
670 Do not produce warning messages when questionable
671 parallel constructs are encountered.
672
673
674 The following options are available when as is
675 configured for the Motorola 68000 series.
676
677
678 __-l__
679
680
681 Shorten references to undefined symbols, to one word
682 instead of two.
683
684
685 __-m68000 -m68008 -m68010 -m68020
686 -m68030__
687
688
689 __-m68040 -m68060 -m68302 -m68331
690 -m68332__
691
692
693 __-m68333 -m68340 -mcpu32
694 -m5200__
695
696
697 Specify what processor in the 68000 family is the
698 target. The default is normally the 68020, but this can be
699 changed at configuration time.
700
701
702 __-m68881 -m68882 -mno-68881
703 -mno-68882__
704
705
706 The target machine does (or does not) have a
707 floating-point coprocessor. The default is to assume a
708 coprocessor for 68020, 68030, and cpu32. Although the basic
709 68000 is not compatible with the 68881, a combination of the
710 two can be specified, since it's possible to do emulation of
711 the coprocessor instructions with the main
712 processor.
713
714
715 __-m68851 -mno-68851__
716
717
718 The target machine does (or does not) have a
719 memory-management unit coprocessor. The default is to assume
720 an MMU for 68020 and up.
721
722
723 For details about the PDP-11 machine
724 dependent features options, see
725 @ref{PDP-11-Options}.
726
727
728 __-mpic -mno-pic__
729
730
731 Generate position-independent (or position-dependent)
732 code. The default is __-mpic__.
733
734
735 __-mall__
736
737
738 __-mall-extensions__
739
740
741 Enable all instruction set extensions. This is the
742 default.
743
744
745 __-mno-extensions__
746
747
748 Disable all instruction set
749 extensions.
750
751
752 __-m__''extension''
753 __-mno-__''extension''
754
755
756 Enable (or disable) a particular instruction set
757 extension.
758
759
760 __-m__''cpu''
761
762
763 Enable the instruction set extensions supported by a
764 particular CPU , and disable all other
765 extensions.
766
767
768 __-m__''machine''
769
770
771 Enable the instruction set extensions supported by a
772 particular machine model, and disable all other
773 extensions.
774
775
776 The following options are available when as is
777 configured for a picoJava processor.
778
779
780 __-mb__
781
782
783 Generate ``big endian'' format
784 output.
785
786
787 __-ml__
788
789
790 Generate ``little endian'' format
791 output.
792
793
794 The following options are available when as is
795 configured for the Motorola 68HC11 or 68HC12
796 series.
797
798
799 __-m68hc11 -m68hc12__
800
801
802 Specify what processor is the target. The default is
803 defined by the configuration option when building the
804 assembler.
805
806
807 __--force-long-branchs__
808
809
810 Relative branches are turned into absolute ones. This
811 concerns conditional branches, unconditional branches and
812 branches to a sub routine.
813
814
815 __-S --short-branchs__
816
817
818 Do not turn relative branchs into absolute ones when
819 the offset is out of range.
820
821
822 __--strict-direct-mode__
823
824
825 Do not turn the direct addressing mode into extended
826 addressing mode when the instruction does not support direct
827 addressing mode.
828
829
830 __--print-insn-syntax__
831
832
833 Print the syntax of instruction in case of
834 error.
835
836
837 __--print-opcodes__
838
839
840 print the list of instructions with syntax and then
841 exit.
842
843
844 __--generate-example__
845
846
847 print an example of instruction for each possible
848 instruction and then exit. This option is only useful for
849 testing __as__.
850
851
852 The following options are available when __as__ is
853 configured for the SPARC
854 architecture:
855
856
857 __-Av6 -Av7 -Av8 -Asparclet
858 -Asparclite__
859
860
861 __-Av8plus -Av8plusa -Av9 -Av9a__
862
863
864 Explicitly select a variant of the SPARC
865 architecture.
866
867
868 __-Av8plus__ and __-Av8plusa__ select a 32 bit
869 environment. __-Av9__ and __-Av9a__ select a 64 bit
870 environment.
871
872
873 __-Av8plusa__ and __-Av9a__ enable the
874 SPARC V9 instruction set with UltraSPARC
875 extensions.
876
877
878 __-xarch=v8plus -xarch=v8plusa__
879
880
881 For compatibility with the Solaris v9 assembler. These
882 options are equivalent to -Av8plus and -Av8plusa,
883 respectively.
884
885
886 __-bump__
887
888
889 Warn when the assembler switches to another
890 architecture.
891
892
893 The following options are available when as is
894 configured for a MIPS
895 processor.
896
897
898 __-G__ ''num''
899
900
901 This option sets the largest size of an object that can
902 be referenced implicitly with the gp register. It
903 is only accepted for targets that use ECOFF
904 format, such as a DECstation running Ultrix. The
905 default value is 8.
906
907
908 __-EB__
909
910
911 Generate ``big endian'' format
912 output.
913
914
915 __-EL__
916
917
918 Generate ``little endian'' format
919 output.
920
921
922 __-mips1__
923
924
925 __-mips2__
926
927
928 __-mips3__
929
930
931 __-mips4__
932
933
934 __-mips32__
935
936
937 __-mips64__
938
939
940 Generate code for a particular MIPS
941 Instruction Set Architecture level. __-mips1__
942 corresponds to the R2000 and R3000 processors, __-mips2__
943 to the R6000 processor, and __-mips3__ to the R4000
944 processor. __-mips5__, __-mips32__, and __-mips64__
945 correspond to generic MIPS V, MIPS32 ,
946 and MIPS64 ISA processors,
947 respectively.
948
949
950 __-m4650__
951
952
953 __-no-m4650__
954
955
956 Generate code for the MIPS R4650 chip. This
957 tells the assembler to accept the __mad__ and __madu__
958 instruction, and to not schedule __nop__ instructions
959 around accesses to the __HI__ and
960 __LO__ registers. __-no-m4650__ turns off this
961 option.
962
963
964 __-mcpu=__ ''CPU''
965
966
967 Generate code for a particular MIPS cpu. It
968 is exactly equivalent to __-m__''cpu'', except that
969 there are more value of ''cpu''
970 understood.
971
972
973 __--emulation=__''name''
974
975
976 This option causes __as__ to emulate __as__
977 configured for some other target, in all respects, including
978 output format (choosing between ELF and
979 ECOFF only), handling of pseudo-opcodes which may
980 generate debugging information or store symbol table
981 information, and default endianness. The available
982 configuration names are: __mipsecoff__, __mipself__,
983 __mipslecoff__, __mipsbecoff__, __mipslelf__,
984 __mipsbelf__. The first two do not alter the default
985 endianness from that of the primary target for which the
986 assembler was configured; the others change the default to
987 little- or big-endian as indicated by the __b__ or
988 __l__ in the name. Using __-EB__ or __-EL__ will
989 override the endianness selection in any
990 case.
991
992
993 This option is currently supported only when the
994 primary target __as__ is configured for is a MIPS
995 ELF or ECOFF target. Furthermore, the
996 primary target or others specified with
997 __--enable-targets=...__ at configuration time must
998 include support for the other format, if both are to be
999 available. For example, the Irix 5 configuration includes
1000 support for both.
1001
1002
1003 Eventually, this option will support more
1004 configurations, with more fine-grained control over the
1005 assembler's behavior, and will be supported for more
1006 processors.
1007
1008
1009 __-nocpp__
1010
1011
1012 __as__ ignores this option. It is accepted for
1013 compatibility with the native tools.
1014
1015
1016 __--trap__
1017
1018
1019 __--no-trap__
1020
1021
1022 __--break__
1023
1024
1025 __--no-break__
1026
1027
1028 Control how to deal with multiplication overflow and
1029 division by zero. __--trap__ or __--no-break__ (which
1030 are synonyms) take a trap exception (and only work for
1031 Instruction Set Architecture level 2 and higher);
1032 __--break__ or __--no-trap__ (also synonyms, and the
1033 default) take a break exception.
1034
1035
1036 __-n__
1037
1038
1039 When this option is used, __as__ will issue a
1040 warning every time it generates a nop instruction from a
1041 macro.
1042
1043
1044 The following options are available when as is
1045 configured for an MCore processor.
1046
1047
1048 __-jsri2bsr__
1049
1050
1051 __-nojsri2bsr__
1052
1053
1054 Enable or disable the JSRI to BSR
1055 transformation. By default this is enabled. The command
1056 line option __-nojsri2bsr__ can be used to disable
1057 it.
1058
1059
1060 __-sifilter__
1061
1062
1063 __-nosifilter__
1064
1065
1066 Enable or disable the silicon filter behaviour. By
1067 default this is disabled. The default can be overridden by
1068 the __-sifilter__ command line option.
1069
1070
1071 __-relax__
1072
1073
1074 Alter jump instructions for long
1075 displacements.
1076
1077
1078 __-mcpu=[[210340]__
1079
1080
1081 Select the cpu type on the target hardware. This
1082 controls which instructions can be
1083 assembled.
1084
1085
1086 __-EB__
1087
1088
1089 Assemble for a big endian target.
1090
1091
1092 __-EL__
1093
1094
1095 Assemble for a little endian target.
1096
1097
1098 See the info pages for documentation of the
1099 MMIX-specific options.
1100 !!SEE ALSO
1101
1102
1103 gcc(1), ld(1), and the Info entries for
1104 ''binutils'' and ''ld''.
1105 !!COPYRIGHT
1106
1107
1108 Copyright (C) 1991, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99,
1109 2000, 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation,
1110 Inc.
1111
1112
1113 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify
1114 this document under the terms of the GNU Free
1115 Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later version
1116 published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
1117 Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover
1118 Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section
1119 entitled `` GNU Free Documentation
1120 License''.
1121 ----
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