| Rev | Author | # | Line |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3 | perry | 1 | !!NAME |
| 2 | |||
| 3 | |||
| 4 | apt-get - APT package handling utility -- command-line interface | ||
| 5 | !!SYNOPSIS | ||
| 6 | |||
| 7 | |||
| 8 | __apt-get__ [[ __-hvs__ ] [[ __-o=__''config | ||
| 9 | string'' ] [[ __-c=__''file'' ] __[[ update ] [[ | ||
| 10 | upgrade ] [[ dselect-upgrade ] [[ install__ ''pkg...'' | ||
| 11 | __] [[ remove__ ''pkg...'' __] [[ source__ | ||
| 12 | ''pkg...'' __] [[ build-dep__ ''pkg...'' __] [[ | ||
| 13 | check ] [[ clean ] [[ autoclean ]__ | ||
| 14 | !!DESCRIPTION | ||
| 15 | |||
| 16 | |||
| 17 | __apt-get__ is the command-line tool for handling | ||
| 18 | packages, and may be considered the user's | ||
| 19 | __ | ||
| 20 | |||
| 21 | |||
| 22 | Unless the __-h__, or __--help__ option is given one | ||
| 23 | of the commands below must be present. | ||
| 24 | |||
| 25 | |||
| 26 | __update__ | ||
| 27 | |||
| 28 | |||
| 29 | update is used to resynchronize the package index files from | ||
| 30 | their sources. The indexes of available packages are fetched | ||
| 31 | from the location(s) specified in | ||
| 32 | ''/etc/apt/sources.list''. For example, when using a | ||
| 33 | Debian archive, this command retrieves and scans the | ||
| 34 | ''Packages.gz'' files, so that information about new and | ||
| 35 | updated packages is available. An update should always be | ||
| 36 | performed before an upgrade or dist-upgrade. Please be aware | ||
| 37 | that the overall progress meter will be incorrect as the | ||
| 38 | size of the package files cannot be known in | ||
| 39 | advance. | ||
| 40 | |||
| 41 | |||
| 42 | __upgrade__ | ||
| 43 | |||
| 44 | |||
| 45 | upgrade is used to install the newest versions of all | ||
| 46 | packages currently installed on the system from the sources | ||
| 47 | enumerated in ''/etc/apt/sources.list''. Packages | ||
| 48 | currently installed with new versions available are | ||
| 49 | retrieved and upgraded; under no circumstances are currently | ||
| 50 | installed packages removed, or packages not already | ||
| 51 | installed retrieved and installed. New versions of currently | ||
| 52 | installed packages that cannot be upgraded without changing | ||
| 53 | the install status of another package will be left at their | ||
| 54 | current version. An update must be performed first so that | ||
| 55 | __apt-get__ knows that new versions of packages are | ||
| 56 | available. | ||
| 57 | |||
| 58 | |||
| 59 | __dselect-upgrade__ | ||
| 60 | |||
| 61 | |||
| 62 | is used in conjunction with the traditional Debian GNU/Linux | ||
| 63 | packaging front-end, dselect(8). dselect-upgrade | ||
| 64 | follows the changes made by dselect(8) to the Status | ||
| 65 | field of available packages, and performs the actions | ||
| 66 | necessary to realize that state (for instance, the removal | ||
| 67 | of old and the installation of new packages). | ||
| 68 | |||
| 69 | |||
| 70 | __dist-upgrade__ | ||
| 71 | |||
| 72 | |||
| 73 | dist-upgrade, in addition to performing the function of | ||
| 74 | upgrade, also intelligently handles changing dependencies | ||
| 75 | with new versions of packages; __apt-get__ has a | ||
| 76 | __/etc/apt/sources.list'' file contains a list of | ||
| 77 | locations from which to retrieve desired package | ||
| 78 | files. | ||
| 79 | |||
| 80 | |||
| 81 | __install__ | ||
| 82 | |||
| 83 | |||
| 84 | install is followed by one or more packages desired for | ||
| 85 | installation. Each package is a package name, not a fully | ||
| 86 | qualified filename (for instance, in a Debian GNU/Linux | ||
| 87 | system, libc6 would be the argument provided, not | ||
| 88 | em(libc6_1.9.6-2.deb)). All packages required by the | ||
| 89 | package(s) specified for installation will also be retrieved | ||
| 90 | and installed. The ''/etc/apt/sources.list'' file is used | ||
| 91 | to locate the desired packages. If a hyphen is appended to | ||
| 92 | the package name (with no intervening space), the identified | ||
| 93 | package will be removed if it is installed. Similarly a plus | ||
| 94 | sign can be used to designate a package to install. These | ||
| 95 | latter features may be used to override decisions made by | ||
| 96 | apt-get's conflict resolution system. | ||
| 97 | |||
| 98 | |||
| 99 | A specific version of a package can be selected for | ||
| 100 | installation by following the package name with an equals | ||
| 101 | and the version of the package to select. This will cause | ||
| 102 | that version to be located and selected for install. | ||
| 103 | Alternatively a specific distribution can be selected by | ||
| 104 | following the package name with a slash and the version of | ||
| 105 | the distribution or the Archive name (stable, frozen, | ||
| 106 | unstable). | ||
| 107 | |||
| 108 | |||
| 109 | Both of the version selection mechanisms can downgrade | ||
| 110 | packages and must be used with care. | ||
| 111 | |||
| 112 | |||
| 113 | If no package matches the given expression and the | ||
| 114 | expression contains one of '.', '?' or '*' then it is | ||
| 115 | assumed to be a POSIX regex and it is applied to all package | ||
| 116 | names in the database. Any matches are then installed (or | ||
| 117 | removed). Note that matching is done by substring so 'lo.*' | ||
| 118 | matches 'how-lo' and 'lowest'. If this is undesired prefix | ||
| 119 | with a '^' character. | ||
| 120 | |||
| 121 | |||
| 122 | __remove__ | ||
| 123 | |||
| 124 | |||
| 125 | remove is identical to install except that packages are | ||
| 126 | removed instead of installed. If a plus sign is appended to | ||
| 127 | the package name (with no intervening space), the identified | ||
| 128 | package will be installed. | ||
| 129 | |||
| 130 | |||
| 131 | __source__ | ||
| 132 | |||
| 133 | |||
| 134 | source causes __apt-get__ to fetch source packages. APT | ||
| 135 | will examine the available packages to decide which source | ||
| 136 | package to fetch. It will then find and download into the | ||
| 137 | current directory the newest available version of that | ||
| 138 | source package. Source packages are tracked separately from | ||
| 139 | binary packages via deb-src type lines in the | ||
| 140 | ''sources.list''(5) file. This probably will mean that | ||
| 141 | you will not get the same source as the package you have | ||
| 142 | installed or as you could install. If the --compile options | ||
| 143 | is specified then the package will be compiled to a binary | ||
| 144 | .deb using dpkg-buildpackage, if --download-only is | ||
| 145 | specified then the source package will not be | ||
| 146 | unpacked. | ||
| 147 | |||
| 148 | |||
| 149 | A specific source version can be retrieved by postfixing the | ||
| 150 | source name with an equals and then the version to fetch, | ||
| 151 | similar to the mechanism used for the package files. This | ||
| 152 | enables exact matching of the source package name and | ||
| 153 | version, implicitly enabling the APT::Get::Only-Source | ||
| 154 | option. | ||
| 155 | |||
| 156 | |||
| 157 | Note that source packages are not tracked like binary | ||
| 158 | packages, they exist only in the current directory and are | ||
| 159 | similar to downloading source tar balls. | ||
| 160 | |||
| 161 | |||
| 162 | __build-dep__ | ||
| 163 | |||
| 164 | |||
| 165 | build-dep causes apt-get to install/remove packages in an | ||
| 166 | attempt to satisfy the build dependencies for a source | ||
| 167 | packages. Right now virtual package build depends choose a | ||
| 168 | package at random. | ||
| 169 | |||
| 170 | |||
| 171 | __check__ | ||
| 172 | |||
| 173 | |||
| 174 | check is a diagnostic tool; it updates the package cache and | ||
| 175 | checks for broken dependencies. | ||
| 176 | |||
| 177 | |||
| 178 | __clean__ | ||
| 179 | |||
| 180 | |||
| 181 | clean clears out the local repository of retrieved package | ||
| 182 | files. It removes everything but the lock file from | ||
| 183 | ''/var/cache/apt/archives/'' and | ||
| 184 | ''/var/cache/apt/archive/partial/''. When APT is used as | ||
| 185 | a dselect(8) method, clean is run automatically. | ||
| 186 | Those who do not use dselect will likely want to run apt-get | ||
| 187 | clean from time to time to free up disk space. | ||
| 188 | |||
| 189 | |||
| 190 | __autoclean__ | ||
| 191 | |||
| 192 | |||
| 193 | Like clean, autoclean clears out the local repository of | ||
| 194 | retrieved package files. The difference is that it only | ||
| 195 | removes package files that can no longer be downloaded, and | ||
| 196 | are largely useless. This allows a cache to be maintained | ||
| 197 | over a long period without it growing out of control. The | ||
| 198 | configuration option APT::Clean-Installed will prevent | ||
| 199 | installed packages from being erased if it is set | ||
| 200 | off. | ||
| 201 | !!OPTIONS | ||
| 202 | |||
| 203 | |||
| 204 | All command line options may be set using the configuration | ||
| 205 | file, the descriptions indicate the configuration option to | ||
| 206 | set. For boolean options you can override the config file by | ||
| 207 | using something like __-f-__,__--no-f__, __-f=no__ | ||
| 208 | or several other variations. | ||
| 209 | |||
| 210 | |||
| 211 | __-d__ | ||
| 212 | |||
| 213 | |||
| 214 | __--download-only__ | ||
| 215 | |||
| 216 | |||
| 217 | Download only; package files are only retrieved, not | ||
| 218 | unpacked or installed. Configuration Item: | ||
| 219 | APT::Get::Download-Only. | ||
| 220 | |||
| 221 | |||
| 222 | __-f__ | ||
| 223 | |||
| 224 | |||
| 225 | __--fix-broken__ | ||
| 226 | |||
| 227 | |||
| 228 | Fix; attempt to correct a system with broken dependencies in | ||
| 229 | place. This option, when used with install/remove, can omit | ||
| 230 | any packages to permit APT to deduce a likely soltion. Any | ||
| 231 | Package that are specified must completly correct the | ||
| 232 | problem. The option is sometimes necessary when running APT | ||
| 233 | for the first time; APT itself does not allow broken package | ||
| 234 | dependencies to exist on a system. It is possible that a | ||
| 235 | system's dependency structure can be so corrupt as to | ||
| 236 | require manual intervention (which usually means using | ||
| 237 | dselect(8) or __dpkg --remove__ to eliminate some | ||
| 238 | of the offending packages). Use of this option together with | ||
| 239 | __-m__ may produce an error in some situations. | ||
| 240 | Configuration Item: APT::Get::Fix-Broken. | ||
| 241 | |||
| 242 | |||
| 243 | __-m__ | ||
| 244 | |||
| 245 | |||
| 246 | __--ignore-missing__ | ||
| 247 | |||
| 248 | |||
| 249 | __--fix-missing__ | ||
| 250 | |||
| 251 | |||
| 252 | Ignore missing packages; If packages cannot be retrieved or | ||
| 253 | fail the integrity check after retrieval (corrupted package | ||
| 254 | files), hold back those packages and handle the result. Use | ||
| 255 | of this option together with __-f__ may produce an error | ||
| 256 | in some situations. If a package is selected for | ||
| 257 | installation (particularly if it is mentioned on the command | ||
| 258 | line) and it could not be downloaded then it will be | ||
| 259 | silently held back. Configuration Item: | ||
| 260 | APT::Get::Fix-Missing. | ||
| 261 | |||
| 262 | |||
| 263 | __--no-download__ | ||
| 264 | |||
| 265 | |||
| 266 | Disables downloading of packages. This is best used with | ||
| 267 | __--ignore-missing__ to force APT to use only the .debs | ||
| 268 | it has already downloaded. Configuration Item: | ||
| 269 | APT::Get::Download. | ||
| 270 | |||
| 271 | |||
| 272 | __-q__ | ||
| 273 | |||
| 274 | |||
| 275 | __--quiet__ | ||
| 276 | |||
| 277 | |||
| 278 | Quiet; produces output suitable for logging, omitting | ||
| 279 | progress indicators. More q's will produce more quiet up to | ||
| 280 | a maximum of 2. You can also use __-q=#__ to set the | ||
| 281 | quiet level, overriding the configuration file. Note that | ||
| 282 | quiet level 2 implies __-y__, you should never use -qq | ||
| 283 | without a no-action modifier such as -d, --print-uris or -s | ||
| 284 | as APT may decided to do something you did not expect. | ||
| 285 | Configuration Item: quiet. | ||
| 286 | |||
| 287 | |||
| 288 | __-s__ | ||
| 289 | |||
| 290 | |||
| 291 | __--simulate__ | ||
| 292 | |||
| 293 | |||
| 294 | __--just-print__ | ||
| 295 | |||
| 296 | |||
| 297 | __--dry-run__ | ||
| 298 | |||
| 299 | |||
| 300 | __--recon__ | ||
| 301 | |||
| 302 | |||
| 303 | __--no-act__ | ||
| 304 | |||
| 305 | |||
| 306 | No action; perform a simulation of events that would occur | ||
| 307 | but do not actually change the system. Configuration Item: | ||
| 308 | APT::Get::Simulate. | ||
| 309 | |||
| 310 | |||
| 311 | Simulate prints out a series of lines each one representing | ||
| 312 | a dpkg operation, Configure (Conf), Remove (Remv), Unpack | ||
| 313 | (Inst). Square brackets indicate broken packages with and | ||
| 314 | empty set of square brackets meaning breaks that are of no | ||
| 315 | consequence (rare). | ||
| 316 | |||
| 317 | |||
| 318 | __-y__ | ||
| 319 | |||
| 320 | |||
| 321 | __--yes__ | ||
| 322 | |||
| 323 | |||
| 324 | __--assume-yes__ | ||
| 325 | |||
| 326 | |||
| 327 | Automatic yes to prompts; assume | ||
| 328 | |||
| 329 | |||
| 330 | __-u__ | ||
| 331 | |||
| 332 | |||
| 333 | __--show-upgraded__ | ||
| 334 | |||
| 335 | |||
| 336 | Show upgraded packages; Print out a list of all packages | ||
| 337 | that are to be upgraded. Configuration Item: | ||
| 338 | APT::Get::Show-Upgraded. | ||
| 339 | |||
| 340 | |||
| 341 | __-b__ | ||
| 342 | |||
| 343 | |||
| 344 | __--compile__ | ||
| 345 | |||
| 346 | |||
| 347 | __--build__ | ||
| 348 | |||
| 349 | |||
| 350 | Compile source packages after downloading them. | ||
| 351 | Configuration Item: APT::Get::Compile. | ||
| 352 | |||
| 353 | |||
| 354 | __--ignore-hold__ | ||
| 355 | |||
| 356 | |||
| 357 | Ignore package Holds; This causes __apt-get__ to ignore a | ||
| 358 | hold placed on a package. This may be useful in conjunction | ||
| 359 | with dist-upgrade to override a large number of undesired | ||
| 360 | holds. Configuration Item: APT::Ignore-Hold. | ||
| 361 | |||
| 362 | |||
| 363 | __--no-upgrade__ | ||
| 364 | |||
| 365 | |||
| 366 | Do not upgrade packages; When used in conjunction with | ||
| 367 | install no-upgrade will prevent packages listed from being | ||
| 368 | upgraded if they are already installed. Configuration Item: | ||
| 369 | APT::Get::Upgrade. | ||
| 370 | |||
| 371 | |||
| 372 | __--force-yes__ | ||
| 373 | |||
| 374 | |||
| 375 | Force yes; This is a dangerous option that will cause apt to | ||
| 376 | continue without prompting if it is doing something | ||
| 377 | potentially harmful. It should not be used except in very | ||
| 378 | special situations. Using force-yes can potentially destroy | ||
| 379 | your system! Configuration Item: | ||
| 380 | APT::Get::force-yes. | ||
| 381 | |||
| 382 | |||
| 383 | __--print-uris__ | ||
| 384 | |||
| 385 | |||
| 386 | Instead of fetching the files to install their URIs are | ||
| 387 | printed. Each URI will have the path, the destination file | ||
| 388 | name, the size and the expected md5 hash. Note that the file | ||
| 389 | name to write to will not always match the file name on the | ||
| 390 | remote site! This also works with the /source/ command. | ||
| 391 | Configuration Item: APT::Get::Print-URIs. | ||
| 392 | |||
| 393 | |||
| 394 | __--purge__ | ||
| 395 | |||
| 396 | |||
| 397 | Use purge instead of remove for anything that would be | ||
| 398 | removed. Configuration Item: APT::Get::Purge. | ||
| 399 | |||
| 400 | |||
| 401 | __--reinstall__ | ||
| 402 | |||
| 403 | |||
| 404 | Re-Install packages that are already installed and at the | ||
| 405 | newest version. Configuration Item: | ||
| 406 | APT::Get::!ReInstall. | ||
| 407 | |||
| 408 | |||
| 409 | __--list-cleanup__ | ||
| 410 | |||
| 411 | |||
| 412 | This option defaults to on, use --no-list-cleanup to turn it | ||
| 413 | off. When on __apt-get__ will automatically manage the | ||
| 414 | contents of ''/var/lib/apt/lists'' to ensure that | ||
| 415 | obsolete files are erased. The only reason to turn it off is | ||
| 416 | if you frequently change your source list. Configuration | ||
| 417 | Item: APT::Get::List-Cleanup. | ||
| 418 | |||
| 419 | |||
| 420 | __-t__ | ||
| 421 | |||
| 422 | |||
| 423 | __--target-release__ | ||
| 424 | |||
| 425 | |||
| 426 | __--default-release__ | ||
| 427 | |||
| 428 | |||
| 429 | This option controls the default input to the policy engine, | ||
| 430 | it creates a default pin at priority 990 using the specified | ||
| 431 | release string. The preferences file may further override | ||
| 432 | this setting. In short, this option lets you have simple | ||
| 433 | control over which distribution packages will be retrieved | ||
| 434 | from. Some common examples might be __-t '2.1*'__ or | ||
| 435 | __-t unstable__. Configuration Item: | ||
| 436 | APT::Default-Release | ||
| 437 | |||
| 438 | |||
| 439 | __--trivial-only__ | ||
| 440 | |||
| 441 | |||
| 442 | Only perform operations that are 'trivial'. Logically this | ||
| 443 | can be considered related to __--assume-yes__, where | ||
| 444 | __--assume-yes__ will answer yes to any prompt, | ||
| 445 | __--trivial-only__ will answer no. Configuration Item: | ||
| 446 | APT::Get::Trivial-Only. | ||
| 447 | |||
| 448 | |||
| 449 | __--no-remove__ | ||
| 450 | |||
| 451 | |||
| 452 | If any packages are to be removed apt-get immediately aborts | ||
| 453 | without prompting. Configuration Item: | ||
| 454 | APT::Get::Remove | ||
| 455 | |||
| 456 | |||
| 457 | __--only-source__ | ||
| 458 | |||
| 459 | |||
| 460 | Only has meaning for the source command. indicates that the | ||
| 461 | given source names are not to be mapped through the binary | ||
| 462 | table. Configuration Item: | ||
| 463 | APT::Get::Only-Source | ||
| 464 | |||
| 465 | |||
| 466 | __--diff-only__ | ||
| 467 | |||
| 468 | |||
| 469 | __--tar-only__ | ||
| 470 | |||
| 471 | |||
| 472 | Download only the diff or tar file of a source archive. | ||
| 473 | Configuration Item: APT::Get::Diff-Only and | ||
| 474 | APT::Get::Tar-Only | ||
| 475 | |||
| 476 | |||
| 477 | __-h__ | ||
| 478 | |||
| 479 | |||
| 480 | __--help__ | ||
| 481 | |||
| 482 | |||
| 483 | Show a short usage summary. | ||
| 484 | |||
| 485 | |||
| 486 | __-v__ | ||
| 487 | |||
| 488 | |||
| 489 | __--version__ | ||
| 490 | |||
| 491 | |||
| 492 | Show the program verison. | ||
| 493 | |||
| 494 | |||
| 495 | __-c__ | ||
| 496 | |||
| 497 | |||
| 498 | __--config-file__ | ||
| 499 | |||
| 500 | |||
| 501 | Configuration File; Specify a configuration file to use. The | ||
| 502 | program will read the default configuration file and then | ||
| 503 | this configuration file. See ''apt.conf''(5) for syntax | ||
| 504 | information. | ||
| 505 | |||
| 506 | |||
| 507 | __-o__ | ||
| 508 | |||
| 509 | |||
| 510 | __--option__ | ||
| 511 | |||
| 512 | |||
| 513 | Set a Configuration Option; This will set an arbitary | ||
| 514 | configuration option. The syntax is __-o | ||
| 515 | Foo::Bar=bar__. | ||
| 516 | !!FILES | ||
| 517 | |||
| 518 | |||
| 519 | ''/etc/apt/sources.list'' | ||
| 520 | |||
| 521 | |||
| 522 | locations to fetch packages from. Configuration Item: | ||
| 523 | Dir::Etc::!SourceList. | ||
| 524 | |||
| 525 | |||
| 526 | ''/etc/apt/apt.conf'' | ||
| 527 | |||
| 528 | |||
| 529 | APT configuration file. Configuration Item: | ||
| 530 | Dir::Etc::Main. | ||
| 531 | |||
| 532 | |||
| 533 | ''/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/'' | ||
| 534 | |||
| 535 | |||
| 536 | APT configuration file fragments Configuration Item: | ||
| 537 | Dir::Etc::Parts. | ||
| 538 | |||
| 539 | |||
| 540 | ''/etc/apt/preferences'' | ||
| 541 | |||
| 542 | |||
| 543 | version preferences file Configuration Item: | ||
| 544 | Dir::Etc::Preferences. | ||
| 545 | |||
| 546 | |||
| 547 | ''/var/cache/apt/archives/'' | ||
| 548 | |||
| 549 | |||
| 550 | storage area for retrieved package files. Configuration | ||
| 551 | Item: Dir::Cache::Archives. | ||
| 552 | |||
| 553 | |||
| 554 | ''/var/cache/apt/archives/partial/'' | ||
| 555 | |||
| 556 | |||
| 557 | storage area for package files in transit. Configuration | ||
| 558 | Item: Dir::Cache::Archives (implicit partial). | ||
| 559 | |||
| 560 | |||
| 561 | ''/var/lib/apt/lists/'' | ||
| 562 | |||
| 563 | |||
| 564 | storage area for state information for each package resource | ||
| 565 | specified in ''sources.list''(5) Configuration Item: | ||
| 566 | Dir::State::Lists. | ||
| 567 | |||
| 568 | |||
| 569 | ''/var/lib/apt/lists/partial/'' | ||
| 570 | |||
| 571 | |||
| 572 | storage area for state information in transit. Configuration | ||
| 573 | Item: Dir::State::Lists (implicit partial). | ||
| 574 | !!SEE ALSO | ||
| 575 | |||
| 576 | |||
| 6 | GuyHenryAtkinson | 577 | apt-cache(8), apt-cdrom(8), dpkg(8), |
| 7 | GuyHenryAtkinson | 578 | dselect(8), sources.list(5), |
| 579 | apt.conf(5), The APT users guide in | ||
| 4 | perry | 580 | /usr/share/doc/apt/, apt_preferences(5). |
| 3 | perry | 581 | !!DIAGNOSTICS |
| 582 | |||
| 583 | |||
| 584 | __apt-get__ returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 | ||
| 585 | on error. | ||
| 586 | !!BUGS | ||
| 587 | |||
| 588 | |||
| 589 | See the APT bug page | ||
| 590 | /usr/share/doc/debian/bug-reporting.txt'' or the | ||
| 591 | bug(1) command. | ||
| 592 | !!AUTHOR | ||
| 593 | |||
| 594 | |||
| 595 | APT was written by the APT team | ||
| 596 | ---- | ||
| 5 | CraigBox | 597 | |
| 598 | See apt-move(8) |
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