Penguin
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PDF is an Acronym for Portable Document Format. Invented by Adobe.

You generate PDFs using Adobe's commercial AdobeAcrobat and view them with AcrobatReader. You can use LaTeX (pdflatex(1) or LaTeXpdf are good places to look) to make good quality PDF files. PostScript files can be easily turned into PDF with the ps2pdf(1) command (which is a wrapper around GhostScript).

PDF is arguably a version of PostScript and is certainly a decendant of it in some ways. Calling PDF something other than PostScript II was probably actually a very good idea, since there are already enough different forms of PostScript around.