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The various arts of rewriting TCP/IP address headers for various reasons. Some things you can to do with NAT:
- Transparently redirect certain protocols/ports to different machines than they were originally addressed, for example when creating a TransparentProxy
- Map multiple IP's onto a single IP (for when you have a segment of internal machines using RFC:1918 addresses and you want to map them onto one realworld IP address)
- Map arbitary IP's onto other arbitary IP's.