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MAKEDEV !!!MAKEDEV NAME SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION OPTIONS CUSTOMISATION DEVICES SEE ALSO AUTHOR ---- !!NAME MAKEDEV - create devices !!SYNOPSIS __cd dev; ./MAKEDEV -V cd dev; ./MAKEDEV [[ -n ] [[ -v ] update cd dev; ./MAKEDEV [[ -n ] [[ -v ] [[ -d ]__ ''device ...'' !!DESCRIPTION __MAKEDEV__ is a script that will create the devices in /dev used to interface with drivers in the kernel. This man page is woefully out of date. A large number of devices are supported that are not documented here. Note that programs giving the error ``ENOENT: No such file or directory'' normally means that the device file is missing, whereas ``ENODEV: No such device'' normally means the kernel does not have the driver configured or loaded. !!OPTIONS __-V__ Print out version (actually RCS version information) and exit. __-n__ Do not actually update the devices, just print the actions that would be performed. __-d__ Delete the devices. The main use for this flag is by __MAKEDEV__ itself. __-v__ Be verbose. Print out the actions as they are performed. This is the same output as produced by __-n__. !!CUSTOMISATION Since there is currently no standardisation in what names are used for system users and groups, it is possible that you may need to modify __MAKEDEV__ to reflect your site's settings. Near the top of the file is a mapping from device type to user, group and permissions (e.g. all CD-ROM devices are set from the $cdrom variable). If you wish to change the defaults, this is the section to edit. !!DEVICES __General Options__ __update__ This only works on kernels which have /proc/interrupts (introduced during 1.1.x). This file is scanned to see what devices are currently configured into the kernel, and this is compared with the previous settings stored in the file called DEVICES. Devices which are new since then or have a different major number are created, and those which are no longer configured are deleted. __generic__ Create a generic subset of devices. This is the standard devices, plus floppy drives, various hard drives, pseudo-terminals, console devices, basic serial devices, busmice, and printer ports. __std__ Standard devices. These are: __mem__ - acess to physical memory; __kmem__ - access to kernel virtual memory; __null__ - null device (infinite sink); __port__ - access to I/O ports; __zero__ - null byte source (infinite source); __core__ - symlink to /proc/kcore (for kernel debugging); __full__ - always returns ENOSPACE on write; __ram__ - ramdisk; __tty__ - to access the controlling tty of a process. __local__ This simply runs __MAKEDEV.local__. This is a script that can create any local devices. __Virtual Terminals__ ''console'' This creates the devices associated with the console. This is the virtual terminals tty''x'', where ''x'' can be from 0 though 63. The device tty0 is the currently active vt, and is also known as console. For each vt, there are two devices vcs''x'' and vcsa''x'', which are used to generate screen-dumps of the vt (the __vcs__''x'' is just the text, and __vcsa__''x'' includes the attributes). __Serial Devices__ ''ttyS{0..63}'' Serial ports and corresponding dialout device. For device __ttyS__''x''__,__ there is also the device __cua__''x'' which is used to dial out with. This can avoid the need for cooperative locks in simple situations. ''cyclades'' Dial-in and dial-out devices for the cyclades intelligent I/O serial card. The dial in device is __ttyC__''x'' and the corresponding dial-out device is __cub__''x'' Devices for 32 lines are created. __Pseudo Terminals__ ''pty[[p-s]'' Each possible argument will create a bank of 16 master and slave pairs. The current kernel (1.2) is limited to 64 such pairs. The master pseudo-terminals are __pty[[p-s][[0-9a-f]__, and the slaves are __tty[[p-s][[0-9a-f]__. __Parallel Ports__ ''lp'' Standard parallel ports. The devices are created __lp0__, __lp1__, and __lp2__. These correspond to ports at 0x3bc, 0x378 and 0x278. Hence, on some machines, the first printer port may actually be __lp1__. ''par'' Alternative to ''lp''. Ports are named __par__''x'' instead of __lp__''x''__.__ __Bus Mice__ ''busmice'' The various bus mice devices. This creates the following devices: __logimouse__ (Logitech bus mouse), __psmouse__ (PS/2-style mouse), __msmouse__ (Microsoft Inport bus mouse) and __atimouse__ (ATI XL bus mouse) and __jmouse__ (J-mouse). __Joystick Devices__ ''js'' Joystick. Creates __js0__ and __js1__. __Disk Devices__ ''fd[[0-7]'' Floppy disk devices. The device __fd__''x'' is the device which autodetects the format, and the additional devices are fixed format (whose size is indicated in the name). The other devices are named as __fd__''xLn''__.__ The single letter ''L'' identifies the type of floppy disk (d = 5.25 ''n'' represents the capacity of that format in K. Thus the standard formats are __fd__''x''__d360__'','' __fd__''x''__h1200__'','' __fd__''x''__D720__'','' __fd__''x''__H1440__'','' and fd''x''E2880''.'' For more information see Alain Knaff's fdutils package. Devices __fd0__''*'' through __fd3__''*'' are floppy disks on the first controller, and devices __fd4__''*'' through __fd7__''*'' are floppy disks on the second controller. ''hd[[a-d]'' AT hard disks. The device __hd__''x'' provides access to the whole disk, with the partitions being __hd__''x''__[[0-20].__ The four primary partitions are __hd__''x''__1__ through __hd__''x''__4,__ with the logical partitions being numbered from __hd__''x''__5__ though __hd__''x''__20.__ (A primary partition can be made into an extended partition, which can hold 4 logical partitions). By default, only the devices for 4 logical partitions are made. The others can be made by uncommenting them. Drives hda and hdb are the two on the first controller. If using the new IDE driver (rather than the old HD driver), then hdc and hdd are the two drives on the secondary controller. These devices can also be used to acess IDE CDROMs if using the new IDE driver. ''xd[[a-d]'' XT hard disks. Partitions are the same as IDE disks. ''sd[[a-h]'' SCSI hard disks. The partitions are similar to the IDE disks, but there is a limit of 11 logical partitions (sd''x''5 through sd''x''15). This is to allow there to be 8 SCSI disks. ''loop'' Loopback disk devices. These allow you to use a regular file as a block device. This means that images of filesystems can be mounted, and used as normal. This creates 8 devices loop0 through loop7. __Tape Devices__ ''st[[0-7]'' SCSI tapes. This creates the rewinding tape device __st__''x'' and the non-rewinding tape device __nst__''x''__.__ ''qic'' QIC-80 tapes. The devices created are __rmt8__, __rmt16__, __tape-d__, and __tape-reset__. ''ftape'' Floppy driver tapes (QIC-117). There are 4 methods of access depending on the floppy tape drive. For each of access methods 0, 1, 2 and 3, the devices __rft__''x'' (rewinding) and __nrft__''x'' (non-rewinding) are created. For compatability, devices __ftape__ and __nftape__ are symlinks to __rft0__ and __nrft0__ respectively. __CDROM Devices__ ''scd[[0-7]'' SCSI CD players. ''sonycd'' Sony CDU-31A CD player. ''mcd'' Mitsumi CD player. ''cdu535'' Sony CDU-535 CD player. ''lmscd'' LMS/Philips CD player. ''sbpcd{,1,2,3}'' Sound Blaster CD player. The kernel is capable of supporting 16 CDROMs, each of which is accessed as __sbpcd[[0-9a-f]__. These are assigned in groups of 4 to each controller. __sbpcd__ is a symlink to __sbpcd0__. __Scanner__ ''logiscan'' Logitech ScanMan32 ''m105scan'' Mustek M105 Handscanner. ''ac4096'' A4Tek Color Handscanner. __Audio__ ''audio'' This creates the audio devices used by the sound driver. These include __mixer__, __sequencer__, __dsp__, and __audio__. ''pcaudio'' Devices for the PC Speaker sound driver. These are __pcmixer__. __pxsp__, and __pcaudio__. __Miscellaneous__ ''sg'' Generic SCSI devices. The devices created are __sg0 through sg7__. These allow arbitary commands to be sent to any SCSI device. This allows for querying information about the device, or controlling SCSI devices that are not one of disk, tape or CDROM (e.g. scanner, writeable CDROM). ''fd'' To allow an arbitary program to be fed input from file descriptor ''x'', use __/dev/fd/__''x'' as the file name. This also creates BR /dev/stdin , BR /dev/stdout , and BR /dev/stderr . (Note, these are just symlinks into /proc/self/fd). ''ibcs2'' Devices (and symlinks) needed by the IBCS2 emulation. ''apm'' Devices for power management. ''dcf'' Driver for DCF-77 radio clock. ''helloworld'' Kernel modules demonstration device. See the modules source. __Network Devices__ Linux used to have devices in /dev for controlling network devices, but that is no longer the case. To see what network devices are known by the kernel, look at /proc/net/dev. !!SEE ALSO Linux Allocated Devices, maintained by H. Peter Anvin, !!AUTHOR Nick Holloway, ----
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